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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 31, 1915)
" 1 ie Omaha Sunday Bee Magazine Page am mm mm -m u a m s irk. a vr w 'i ,gv k v r m irA rir j ww w j i ALL 77r FA P77T j!iOVLRJH LR1UM Whv You Should TIME I101 and EXPENSE That Can Be SAVED By Mating This Room MORE EFFICIENT HAVE A MAP OF YOUR KITCHEN I F 70a want to reduce the time, labor and expense that your kitchen lnrolTea you ought to make a map of the room with dotted lines showing the dis tances you bare to travel In preparing, serving and clear ing; up after a meal. By studying such a map you will often be able to rearrange the room In a way that will enable you to do your work much more efficiently. Improvement In the arrangement of the kitchen will result in saving the energies of millions of people ami make their work less heavy and more enjoyable, accord ing to a bulletin issued by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.' litis bulletin discusses not merely the proper location of the kitchen with reference to other parts of the bouse, but gives details as to the best methods of treat ing Its floors and walls, and gives well-tested floor plans for the step-eaving arrangement of the sink, stove, table and other kitchen utilities. Although devoted chiefly to the farm kitchen most of the principles outlined apply equally well to any home. A small, compact kitchen saves many steps and much vseless labor in the preparation of food. This, however. Is in homes where the kitchen is merely a workshop, and not used also as a room where meals are served and iwhere the family gathers to enjoy the warmth of the stove. Even where a large kitchen is necessary, a logi cal arrangement of its various features with relation to each other will enable the housewife to do her work much more efficiently. ' Whether the chief exposure of the kitchen shall be . I DINING ROOM DINING ROOM " v 1 1 ST0,E 1 5 I TW,3 I H 1 ' A fairly small kitchen, In which the dis tances travelled In preparing, serving and clearing up after a meal are Immeasura bly long, due to location of sink and table. Same kitchen with distances travelled re duced and ateps saved by putting sink and table In locations more convenient to the pantry, atove and dining room. north, east, south or west is a matter governed by in dividual preference and local conditions. A kitchen which receives the morning light is usually deslrablo. Effort should be made to secure light from two directions and cross ventilation. For this purpose the kitchen should be located either in a corner of the house or In a narrow part, where there can be windows on opposite sides. It is well, also, to locate the kitchen so that clouds of dust may not be blown in from the road, and it is of even greater importance that the kitchen be so located with reference to barns and other outbuildings that the prevailing winds will not bring unpleasant odors or swarms of flies. In many farmhouses a very large kitchen Is provided because it must handle the unusual cooking for harvest hands. It ia much better to provide a temporary shed or a kitchen on the porch, with oil stoves or other cook ing devices to handle this unusual rush, and thus allow the housekeeper to have a smaller kitchen during the rest of the year. The size of the kitchen, unless a large pantry or a storeroom is pro vided, is governed somewhat by the amount of supplies which must be stored. In the case of a farm distant from town, supplies necessarily must be bought In bulk and need sufficient storage space. In such cases It is sometimes wise to provide an extra pantry or storage room. Iu arrang ing the pantry, especially if it be bn tween the kitchen and dining room, care should be used not to make It too large, as a long passageway bo tween these two rooms adds greatly to the labor of the woman. Every SUNDAY SCHOOL NEEDS A DOCTOR A NUMBER of recent epidemics of scarlet (ever among children attending the same Sunday school leads many physicians to believe that such schools ought to be subject to rigid medical supervision. It is suggested that the physicians of a church congregation might find a useful field for a little practical religion by taking turns at attending the Sunday school and giving the pupils professional supervision and advice. A church clinic for children not old enough to attend the day schools is also recom mended. As everybody knows, tha amount of scarlet fever and contagious diseases has been greatly re duced by careful precautions against infection iu the public schools. Why, then, should not the same precautions be used in Sunday schools, dancing classes, 'moving picture theatres and other places where all sorts of children are brought into close contact with one another? As a writer In American Medicine points out, there is still considerable difference of-opinion aa to when scarlet fever is roost easily trans mitted, but the weight of evidence so far seems to point to the early days even before the erup tion is out. Many competent men are denying that tha peeling akin is the carrier, but it would A NEW CURE for FELONS THE painful and troublesome affection, commonly known as a felon, is an in flammation which attacks the tendons of the fingers and their sheaths. A new treat-' reent which Is proving very auccessful in relieving the trouble is the use of equal parts of glycerine and a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate. Aseptic gauze should be saturated with this mixture, then covered with thin rubber tissue and a little absorbent cotton, and held in place on the iflnger with a narrow gauxe bandage. During the day this application may be removed advantageously for a' while, and the finger soaked in hot water and borax (halt an ounce of borax to one pint of hot water) at least during fifteen to twenty -minutes, two or three times in twenty-four hours. The borated solu tion is very useful in reducing local pain and redness, and probably limits the spread of the disease. , When' the felon is well on toward recovery, after several weeks of wet dressing and soak ing, oxide of xlnc ointment applied at bedtime, or during the day also, Is notably beneficial in curing the alight amount that may still remain of pain, redness, and swelling. be folly to act on such an opinion until they present Irrefutable proof, and that cannot be done until we find the germ and learn its habits. The only safe course at present is to consider a case dangerous from the beginning of symp toms to the end of the peeling. The day school teachers have, therefore, been taught to be on the lookout for illness in a pupil and to send it home if there la even a suspicion of fever and refuse readmtssion until the health officer per mits. So successful has science been in con vincing school authorities that infection is gen erally transmitted directly from the sick to the well in more or less close contact that there has been a notable reduction of the amount of disease contracted In schools. There is Justifiable amazement, therefore, that health authorities have not yet compelled Sunday schools to exercise similar care, particularly since the children are in far closer contact than in day schools. . . Jt seems only common sense that the law as to certificates of health and vaccination should be applied to Sunday schools as well as day schools, but this can scarcely be expected for awhile. What should be Insisted upon is some check to the absolute freedom which is now en Joyed by ignorant mothers to send to Sunday school those children who are in the beginning of illness or who are still dangerous though con valescent. Clergymen ought to take up this mat ter with the auperlntendents of their Sunday schools and the doctors in their congregations. The kitchen should be so located that it will be espe cially convenient to the pantry, dining room, storeroom, cellar and woodshed. At the same time, access to other parts of the house should be easy from the kitchen, although it is unfortunate It the kitchen is made the principal entry way to the bouse. The kitchen should alwaya be on the aame level with the pantry and dining room, as even one or two ateps mean the extra work of lifting and lowering the body up and down them many times a day, and Inevitably load to greater breakage of crockery. General traffic In the kitchen should be re duced as much as possible, and it should not be made a place where clothing and hats are hung. For reasons of general convenience, too, the refrigera tor should be on the same level as the kitchen. Simi larly, for much the aame reason, the writer urges that the refrigerator or icebox be so arranged that it can be filled from outside. If the rear opening of the Icebox is tightly Joined to the opening in the wall of the house, and this opening Is screened with strong wire netting, the back of the icebox can be left open in Winter and the food kept in cold air without chilling the rest of the house. The floors, walls and ceilings should have a plain surface and be free from cracks, ridges, mouldings or other raised ornaments which catch dust and dirt, are difficult to keep clean, and afford harboring places for insects. Walls covered with washable paint or wash able wall paper are easier to clean than those simply tinted, though the latter can be readily renewed. Light colors are preferable, greenish grays being desirable if the exposure is to wrj the south, and light yellows or creams if the kitchen gets Its light principally from the northeast. Of course, tiling or vitrified brick or metallic tiling are better than paint, tint or wall paper, which hive to be renewed, but these are more expensive. Where the walla are painted, a better surface results when a coat Is applied every year or two than when several coats are applied at once. A final coat of enamel paint or outside varnish Is desirable for woodwork that needs cleansing fre quently. The ceiling may be finished with whitewash or one of the commercial prepara tions. Unfinished wooden floors are one of the great burdens of the housewife, aa they can be kept clean only by fre quent scrubbing, and in spite of care ahow spots and stains. 80ft wood quickly becomes rough and splintered. Soft woods can be bettered by the application of special floor paints. Hard woods can be made less absorbent by the application of wood fillers which are common commercial preparations. Where unseasoned boards are used, cracks are likely to occur from shrinkage, and these should be filled, putty being sometimes used and Are OLD MEN the O hpixma snow 1 V : 1 1 1 v ' 1 I Thla kltchea tnU ft mm TealeM fcr mtttaar aaather 4m ! the dials rm at A ui fcr motIbst tafcl fa rlmi Marked sometimes commercial preparations designed for this purpose. lighting, ventilation and heating are particularly important in the kitchen. For ventilating purposes, a window that goes to the top of the room, with a top aash that can be readily raised and lowered, is espe cially good, as it lets out the hot air which naturally rises. A window pole can be provided for closing the top sash. In lieu of a window opening at the top, small windows for ventilating purposes may be provided neai the top. over the cupboarJ, table or sink. These will be most convenient If they are hinged and arranged so that they can be opened and closed by pulley and rope. There can hardly be too many windows In a kitchen. Glass panels In doors also allow light to penetrate Into dark places In closets or passageways. Where there la danger of breakage, wire glass should be used, and where privacy Is desirable frosted or similar glass can be selected. In the Northern States during cold weather the windows In the kitchen should be provided with a board whtch fits below the lower sash of the window, with the lower sash shut upon It. This arrangement will admit air between the two sashes without drafts. Very good ventilation without great lots of heat may la obtained by the use of window screens covered with cotton cloth. These allow the outatde air to enter with out a draft, and also keep out dust and dirt. These cloth coverings will be very serviceable over pantry and store room windows which are kept open during tne winter, in such cases the cloth can be fastened on the outside of the window with thumb tacki. Shades should be provided for sunny windows, and at least, one window in the kitchen should be equipped with an adjustable shade, which can be pulled over either the upper or lower sash or both. In cold districts, loose windows and cracks should be provided with window strips or stuffed, and special care should be given to chinking up the cracks between the frame of the house and the foundations, so as to "keep out the cold. Double or storm . windows nd storm porches are ad vantages in very cold climates. For Summer In Northern States, and for all the year use in warmer regions of the country, there should be a screened porch opening off from the kitchen on the elde which Is not exposed to the sun during the hottest part of the day. Much of the kitchen work may be done here, and this will add greatly to the comfort of the worker. Some prefer to have such a porch open on to the garden, but others find that a screened porch with no opening is preferable, Just because it givea better protection against files. All windows should be screened to keep out flies and other insects which ars disease carriers and a cause or discomfort. ' . BEST GENERALS? , NE of the most surprising facta about the present war is the Important part that la being played in it by old men. Nearly all the great commanders are over fifty years old, many n re over sixty, anl there are a number who are close to seventy or over. All this Is quite contrary to the ideaa of our own General Grant and other military authorities. Grant re peatedly stilted that no general should be over fifty, us ho found that beyond this age the mind waa not quick enough to adapt Itself to the new conditions which dally arise. 211a experience had taught him that First BAKE YOUR CIGARS and Then GIVE THEM A BATH THE English bake their cigars Jhor oughly In the oven, until all of the . moisture and nicotine are dried out As is well known, they have the pick of the tobacco crop over there, and what they apply to the best of cigars might well be administered to those of Inferior quality which are smoked in America. Here is what every smoker ahould do: First, loosen the cigars' in the box, and let them stand on or near a stove or radiator until absolutely dry. A moment before smoking, wash the cigar In water on the outside and dampen well the wrapper. This may be done at the table by holding the cigar by the tip in a glass of drinking water taking care not to wet the filer. Then wipe the tip end, before cutting it off, on the napkin. Water revives the leaf and restores its natnral flavor. What you have previously dried out In the oven is not water moisture. It is the bay rum or other spirits which are frequently sprinkled over the cigars after boxing to keep them looking fresh. Both the whole saler and the retailer often sprinkle them again before showing them to customers. It is these spirits that Impart such a strong odor to clothes in which cigars are carried. TOYS That Actually GROW THE newest fad In playthings is toys that actually grow. They come from Japan, and, when put together to suit the taste of the purchaser, assume with wonderful realism the aspect of farm scenes. The arrangement of them is always made in aonie kind of a dish; with a small quantity of water covering the bottom. This serve to represent a'lake, on which tiny boats witn fishermen and other passengers navigate at tractively. Fishes are also provided to swim In the water that is to say, toy fishes, of course. There is even a water buffilo. to wade. The prime necessity of the water, however, lies not in its picturesquenesa, but in it re quirement for the support of plant life cf different kinds. For the "land" in the toy landscape is composed of living moss, the surface vegetation of which serves excel lently to represent tall grass in size relative to the little people of papier macbe who walk about in it. There are also pieces of horseradish which, in the shallow water of the dish, represent small land masses their sprouting vegeta tion giving a highly realistic effect If de sired, other kinds of sprouting roots may be employed for the purpose, lending variety to the landscape. A Small rustic bridge Is provided, to con nect a mainland of moss with an Island of ' moss. Through the "grass" chickens prom enade. There are two or three little houses, and even some trees. Each little human figure is provided with a plj at the bottom, so as to be stuck into the mots or sprouting root. The tree-trunks terminate iu wires, so that they may be planted wherever desired. In fact, much of the Interest of these curious and novel play things lies in the fact that one is at liberty to arrange them in any way that suits him, exercising his own taste and ingenuity of dentin. Drying and washing afterward will make for a better smoke, to say nothing of better health, in cases where very choap spirits have been used on the cigars. Science, however, warns you to bake and wash cigars for still other reasons. The gum tragacanth, or paste, whtch Is used to fasten the leaf at the tip, breeds several more or less poisonous fungi. Such molds are some times noticeable In the form of white powder along the outside of he leaf but are more likely to run along under the leaf on the In side. In the former case, it cornea In contact with your mucous membrane. If on the In side, you are likely to suck It Into the mouth without knowing it. These molds are liable to produce sorea or more serious troubles on the lips and tongue. By baking and washing your cigars you not only get rid of tho mold and some of the nicotine but you Improve the fl-vor of I he cigar. Some men, after drying cigars, place them in a refrigerator, where they ab sorb water, and smoke them when they get as cold as ice. The Government Is now considering the advisability of compelling the proper sterili sation of all paste used in cigars and re quiring that boric acid be mixed with it to kill the spores of the molds. It means to stop the use of vinegar, alcoholic solutions, glycerine and other things used to restore the lustre of cigar leaf and to prevent Im portation of cigars which have been sub jected to such practises. Cigar lustre ia lost in the process of box ing cigars. The manufacturer puts tobacco leaf In soak the day before making it Into cigars, then spreads the leaf on a table with damp, cloths over it. The cigars are boxed wet, so that heavy pressure "must be exerted . to press down the oovers. Because he has Dot sterilized Ills paste and killed spores of the molds in it, the mold breeds In the damp olgars while In transit, and the lustre disap pears. The Government hopes to teach smokers to do without the lustre and get better cigars. elderly generals were always trying to adapt old ways of doing things to the new conditions, instead of devis ing new methods as younger men would do. Up to the present time the world's greatest generals have usually been young men. Caesar was in lAs early twentiea when be showed bis abili ties. Alexander and Richard II. were only thirty-two when they died. The careers of both Napoleon and Grant were delayed for years becauso of their youth. Of the great modern generals Von Moltkt was the first to bold on until lie became too old for active service. The reason why old men are so prominent In the armies of Germany and the allies seems to be in the modern System of concentrating the general's duties in a general start composed of comparatively young men who do all the planning, which waa formerly done by the general in command alone. Modern armies, unlike those of even a generation ago, are altogether too vast to be directed by one mind. As a result the military machine has become a great Impersonal monster whose brains are in the skulls of hun dreds of nameless young strategists who learn the facts, then think, plan and issue ordera to the elderly com manders, who in turn have a a tiff ot young men to atlend to the details. ' Successful generala are now men who have the gepius to get the right kind ot men to do the work for thum. Old men who have learned their own limitation can generally do this far better than the young, who are over confident of their own abilities. SCIENCE NOW KNOWS " What It Takes to Kill a Man. ONE mathematician has calculated that during the first five months of fighting in Europe it required the firing of 168 pounds of metal for every soldier killed. Thla is lesa than waa required during the Civil War. Silk From Horses and Cows. FROM a German discovery It has been found that by treatment with acids and other substances the fibres ot muscle tissue from horses and cattle may be converted into short threads having the appearance ot raw silk. These fibres may be made into fabrics which can be vulcanized like silk and used for pneumatic tires, manlla envelopes and other purposes. No Connection Between Beer and Murder. IT is difficult to find any connection whatever between the consumption . of large quantities of beer and the rapidly Increasing murder rate in the United States. Milwaukee, which la noted for its fondness tor beer, had during the decade ending with 1912 the smallest number of murders of any city in the country. On the other hand, St.. Louis, which Is als ' extremely fond of beer, had during the same period the eighth, highest number ot murders. THYROID GLANDS Keep T Us From Looking IDIOTIC How You Can SEE THE WIND IT. la said that any one may actually set the wind by means of a common hand ' aaw. The experiment is simple enough to be worth trvlug, at least. According to those who have made the experiment, all that ia necessary is a band-saw and a good breeze. On any blowy day hold the saw against the wind. That Ib, if the wind Is in the north hold the saw with one end pointing east and the other west. Hold the saw with the teeth -uppermost and tip it slowly toward the horl son until it is at an angle of about 45 degrwH. By glancing along the edge of the teeth you can "4e the wind"; it will be pouring over the edge of tho saw much after the manner that water pours over a waterfall. This is doubtless due to the fact that there are always fine particles ot dust la the air, and In a strong breeze tha wind torces against the alanting sides of the saw, slides up the surface ana suddenly "pours ovr" when it reaches the top. It Is doubtless the tiny particles that make the air dust laden that can be seen falling over the edge of the aaw as the wind cur rent drops, but it is about as near as yuy one can got to seeing tne wind under normal conditions. On the Left, a .Normal Goat at the Age of Four Months. On the Right, a Goat of the Same . Age Whose Thyroid Gland Was Removed Three Montha Before. The Loss Haa Stunted its Growth and Given Its Face a Blank, Unnatural Expression.' Copyrtgnt, lit 16, by tat aiar coupauy. II w HAT the thyroid gland has a tremendous effect upon both our size and our looks has been proved by removing this gland from a goat at the age of twenty-one daya. If thla gland if Uken away from an adult animal paralysis and death follow Imme diately, but in the very young animal the effect ia shown In the Blunting of the bones and the expres sion of the face. The teeth of the animal operated upon developed slowly and in a way quite different from normal. Ossi fication of the bones waa very alow, especially in the longer bonea and the spinal column. The bones of the Mmbs became only one-third as long as they normally would have done. But the moat Interesting effect of the removal of ths thyroid gland was in tho expression of the animal's face. When Ute gland was- removed from this young goat Us face became quite blank, almost like that or the idiot among human beings, and the animal acted very differently from the normal goat. Science now believes that the mind is seriously af fected by a lack of the necessary secretions from the thyroid gland. For thla reason no surgeon ever dreams of removing the entire thyroid gland, even in the worst cases of goitre or disease of this gland. He takes away the parte worst affected, but always leaves aome of the gland, so that at least part of lta work may be done. Otherwise the person might become an idiot. 1 How CHILDREN Often GET WARPED HEN children habitually assume a bent, stoop- j?Hi'f fj X A ine Psltlon 11 doei llu, Kood to keep urging f IyKAV thwn t0 "tJbr0W tne,r shoulders back" and f fT&tff X to "stand up straight." 8ucn a position Is usually the sign of muscular weakaees, and regular courses of exercise are what Is needed to remedy the trouble and prevent the child's body becoming permanently warped out of shape. According to Dr. Mathilda K. Walling there are two classes of bad posture, the congenital, which It takes years of careful dtudy to overcome, and ths ac-' quired, which is not so difficult to remedy. Correct posture Is that In whlcb. standing or aittlng, correct muscular balance is maintained. Unless you Urtat Britain ftlgbte Rtstrvtd. 1 stand and sit in this way proper heart and lung action cannot be assured and all one a vital orgaua are seri ously hampered. Every boy and girl should be taught how to stand and sit aa soon as tbey are old enough, to learn anything. Schools are often to blame for bad posture In chil dren. In mauy ot them the seats and deska are ill fitting. Forcing a child to remain tor hours at a desk which is too high or too low, with no opportunity for exercise or changu. of postUou, can bardly fail to have a bad physical effect. Clothing is ahso a frequent cause of poor standing or sitting positions. Often tbey pUce too much weight on the child's shoulders and drag Mm down. Voorly fitting shoes are another cause ot incorrect posture. '