NEWS SECTION
PAGES ONE 0 TES
JL
; Omaha
Daily
Bee
THE WEATHER,
Fair and Colder
VOL. XL1V XO. 128.
OMAHA; - SATURDAY MORNIN'G, NOVEMBER 14, 1914 TWENTY PAGES.
On Trains and at
Hotels Ksws Stands, Bo.
SINGLE COPY TWO CENTS.
U. S. MERCY CREW
PASSES MILES OF
BELGIANS' GRAYES
American Relief Party Staggered
by Sights of Desolation in Land
Swept by InvadeTs. .
PEASANT HAS NOTHING AT ALL
1
CARL HANS LODY ON TRIAL before British court
martial in London, which adjudged him guilty as a spy
ard oidered him shot. - . .1. . ...
Without Home, Place to SleepSeed
to Sow, Tools to Work with or t
- Heart to Struggle.
HAS FORGOTTEN HOW TO SMILE
Women and Children Huddle for
Refugo in Roofless Houses.
CANT EXAGGERATE THE MISERY
New Vorkrr Says it la Unbelievable
, Wo Could Have Prodaeed
Soeh Complete and Trade
Paralysis.
f r . - I i j : v .. J
- -. fi ' ' .
I ;-- " '
"
. , ' ; : - yV' -
IiONDON, Nov. IS. Jarvls F. Hell of
New York, who on behalf of the Ameri
can Commission for Relief In Belgium,
assisted In tne distribution of the first
carfo of relief supplies sent to the Bel
gians, has given the Associated Press a
description of conditions in the stricken
country- Mr. Bell said:
"Nothing that has been written could
exaggerate the misery of Belgium. We
drove for miles through grave yards.
Stakes, on some of which were f oicilers'
tattered coats and helmets, were the
tombstone deserted fields are ceme
teries. As we entered, the villages women
and children sought refuge In the ruins
of roofless nomas, terrified lest we were
some fresh visitation of war. Thcdr
faces were drawn and lined, and If you
could only see the gruesome surroundings
in which they are struggling for exist
noe, you would not wonder that they
fail to smile.
Has Nothlnar.
"The Belgian peasant has In many dis
tricts no home In which to sleep, no seed
to sow, no Implements with which to
work, no transport to reach a market,
and, finally, no heart to struggle againut
the Inevitable. Jt Is unbelievable that
war ever produced such a complete red
tragic paralysis as wa saw In many parts
of Belgium. It cannot be attributed to
lack of courage on the part of the civilian
population, .or to the Inhumanity of ihe
conqueror. It Is simply war up to date;
civilized. Christian war.
"The American relief steamer Coblena,
carrying more than 1.000 tons of food
. Stuffs, arrived at Rotterdam from London
at S o'clock Hunday morning. The Dutch
Tovemment with great kindness made an
exception to the rigid rule against work
ing on Sunday TUe labor nnlon. miui
equal concessions with the result that
on Monday morning eight barges towed" M.neB,e.t Hm Rej.ata.tlom
Djr lour express lags icii noneraun
BAH ON IOWA IS TO
BE KEPTJY BUREAU
Government Authorities Refuse to
Divide. State in. Cattle fttfaran-r ",'
. tine Matter ; .
OMAHA YARDS SUIT 1 BUREAU
nroute to Brussels with relief supplies.
On aoa barge was a larga printed notice
- certifying that the cargo had been sent
by the American commission In care of
the American minister" to Belgium. On
the door of the captain's cabin in each
barge, was a copy of General von der
Golts's proclamation Instructing all Oer-
man officials to give safe conduct and
assistance to' the American relief cargo.
General von der Golts Is Qerman allitary
governor of Belgium,.
Proud of Order.
, "Tha crews Of the' barges and tugs
'twere Dutch and each man carried with
tno little pride an order for safe conduct
4rom the German authorities permitting
hlm to go to Brussels and return un-
rxnolested to Holland.
"Accompanied by M. it. Isuighorne,
.secretary of. the American legation at
. Brussels, and Mr. Wyman. an American
resident. In an automobile, I followed
this odd flotilla of mercy as It. threaded;
'its way from canal to canal and from
-lock to lock. At Hanswert, a town on
the Belgian-Dutch frontier, I anticipated
some difficulties as to this first con
signment of relief. On the contrary the
German . officials . were fully Informed
and there was no delay whatever."
"Thence to Brussels the German ar
rangements (or gettlmr our cargo through
expeditiously were perfect. The sealed
- hatches of the barges were never opened1.
The country people came running to
the .banks of the canal, where they stared
at our flotilla as if It were a mirage.
For a week not a single barge had
passed, where formerly . there were a
thousand a day.
' God-Sent" Dream.
"To the Belgian country folk It was at
first just a God-sent dream to remind
tbnm of the 'peaceful days preceding the
ntehtmare of war. When- they found
PANAMA RATES TO
; HIT OMAHA HARD
Cut' in Rates is to Apply Only to
' .Points' East of the Missouri
River.
of Beln la Srsaprnthr with the
Government 1 Efforts All
Alosis; tnv Lines. ..'
(Continued on I-age Two, column One.)
' Forecast till T n. m. Saturday:
Kor Omaha, Council Bluffs aud Vicinity
Fair and warmer.
Reaots from Stations at T P. If.
WABO
Hours.
I a. m..
(a. m..
T a. nv.
S a. m..
a. m..
10 a. m..
11 a. m..
Km
l p. m.
Deg.
.... 5
....
8ri
.... S6
....
.... Xf
.... 43
....
47
Comparative
5 p. m H
3 p. in 6)
4 p. m M
6 p. lu W
6 p. in 50
7 p. in 60
8 p. m 4u
loca I Record.
114. UlU. ijli. Ull
62 4 55 43
.... 35' ) 14
.... 44 3S 42 a
00 .W) .00 .00
precipitation depar-
Authoritative word from the bureau of
animal Industry at Washington this
morning dashed the hopes of the local
men who expected to see the quarantine
on western Iowa raised this week. Al
though this market did not make a for
mal request to that effect. It was given to
understand through Dr. A. D. Melvln,
head of the dopartment. that the state
of Iowa could not bo spilt as far as
quarantine regulations went. nnd that
the ban would not be raised until every
county in the state had been canvassed.
After the canvass of all the counties of
Iowa the quarantine . will not be raised,
county by county, It is intimated.
Traces . of shipments through Chicago
direct to certain dealers wero discovered,
and these will have to be thoroughly can
vassed. Only one suspected case was dis
covered In . Iowa Thursday, and ' the
chances are that .the quarantine will not
last more than a week longer
' . Local Yards Ideal.
Chicago's reported antagonism to' the
order of Dr. A. D. Melvln, head of the
bureau of animal Industry, who Thurs
day ordered bis men to save as many of
the iufected cattle as possible for food
purposes,' wlU not be reflected . at the
locs yards, dosplte the. fact . that ' Chi
cago Is 'seeking tofTake' Its position the
universal stand of the stock markets of
the country. It Is Intimated here that
the government men of the bureau of
animal Industry have always considered
that the Chicago live stock Interests were
opposed to the . bureau. .' Here in South
Omaha the opposite - tack has always
been the policy, and today the IpcaJ
yards come nearer to being the ideal of
the bureau than any other market in the
- 2 ' :;
PITTSBURGH TO BE -LOWER
TJnder the New' Tariff It Costs Macfc
. LM to Ship Salmon from the,
' Paelfle Coast to Plttshara-h
'Than to Omaha., ,
GERMANS DRIYEN
FROM DIXMUDE, IS
REPORTJN LONDON
Correspondent of Central News in
North of France Says Teu
tons Leave City.
i
GAINS AND LOSSES ARE SMALL
Surveyor's Chain Could Almost
Cover Ground Taken and
Given in Month.
FINAL OUTCOME NOT IN SIGHT
Fighting on Aisne Seems to Have
Resumed Old (Intensity.
BRITISH TOSSES OVER 60,000
All These Uaps Have lleen Filled
and Ills; Until of Koldlers
Rendr In Take Vacant
Places.
ntl.l.ETIN.
LONDON, Nov. IX The corif-spondont
of the Central Nes In the noith of
France telegraphs vftst the Germans have
been driven out of Plxmude. ,
LfONDON, Nov. 13. The territory cap
tured and lost since the two opposing
forces joined Issue nearly a month ago
in the Flanders cockpit could almost be
covered by a surveyor's chain. Despite
the limitations of the field and the In
tensity of the fighting, both fronts etlll
breast one another In an unbroken bar
rier along the Yser., Day by day and
foot by foot the advances and retire
ments are hotly contested, and atll! the
final outcome Is not In sight. To ob
servers In London It seems that victory
depends largely on which sldn will first
bo aple to wear down the resistance of
the other.
Not So Mtieh Anxiety.
The apparent Inability of the Germans
to push their recent success at Dixmiide
to fL decisive Issue has removed much of
the anxiety that was felt In London when
the news of the capture of this village
was first received. As was the case
three weeks ago when the Germans made
their Initial crossing of the Tser, they
have again been thrown back, and EnftV
llsh observers, reading the sterile offi
cial British nd French announcements,
glean the Intimation that the lost grounds
soon will be regained. The suggestion
that the German attack on Dlxmudo was
primarily ' Intended to mask a retreat
finds no support here, and the theory
that the invaders) contemplate anything
like an extensive retreat from Belgium
to accented hy few people-In London.-'--The
best' opinion Is that even 'If the
present battle should so develop as to
enable the allies to take the offensive
In force they shortly would find, them
selves face to face with the fortress-like
WOUNDED BRITISH SOLDIER being transferred to
hospital train at Plymouth on return from war arena.
I.-'" Y 111. . I lt I "05
; rt ii- it us i
v- ir J s r- I mil
- -;h m m m 4!':-:
-'.. v -V ill . i '" -.'
pfef I!
ENGLAND WILL
EQUIP MlLLIOfl .
MORE SOLDIERS
Bill Introduced in Commons to Xn
crease Army to More Than Two
Millions, Besides Territorials,
GERMAN WEDGE CROSSES YSER
Allies Will Make Desperate Effort
to Recover Strategic Position
Held by Teutons on Left
YPRES STILL HELD BY BRITISH
Officers and agents of railroads In cen
tral territory are1 considerably exerclaed
over a 'new freight tariff that has been
promulgated and ' authorised by the In
terstate ' Commerce commission, to be
come effective ' December' 1.
Advices received here Indicate that this
first tariff ' Issued In ' connection with
Panama ' canal' traffic' applies only to
salmon ' shipped ' from ' Pacific coast
pofnta ' This 1 tariff has no effect upooJ
. 1 . . ' l . . . I
uie rmu) west ui miiwun rifvr, uui
east qf 'there the reduction is material.
. Brraks at Mississippi River.
' Formerly . the ' all-rail, rate on salmon
from the Pacific' coast to Pittsburgh
has been 70 cents per 100. pounds. The
new rate, . which' provides for a water
haul from the Pacific coast to the At
lantic seaboard and ' a back haul to
Pittsburgh; by ' rail. ' Is ' put at G5 cents
per , 100 pounds. . Under . the same tariff
the . rate to ' the Atlantic and tbe rail
haul back to Mississippi river points will
be '60 cents.' At . the Mississippi river
the rate , breaks and from 'there west to
and Including Missouri river points the
old. 70 cents per 100 pounds rate main
tains. ' Thus, with Plttsgurgh a full
1.000 miles farther from point of origin,
the salmon , rate " is ' 15 cents per 100
pounds less than at Omaha.
(Continued on Page fo. Column Six.)
r Ugliest yesterday.
jwet yesterday ..
Mean temperature
Precipitation
Temperature ' and
tures from the normal
Normal temperature 38
Excess for the day
Total excess since March 1 756
Normal precipitation ,. .04 Inch
Ieficlency for the day 04 Inch
Total rainfal since March 1... .14.40 inches
?eficieucy since March 1 S.4K inches
eflclency fir cor. period, lt)S. 7.49 inches
X'tiietency fur cor. period, laii. t il laches
He ports from stations at T P. SI.
FlHiion and State. Temp. High- Ruin-
of Valher.
7 p. iii. eat
Cheyenne, part cloudy 62 00
I sienport. part cloudy.. 40 42
1 nver, part rlouly 64 72
T'c Mxlnes. cloudy 44 iX
Ix-dKe City, clear M
Omaha, cloudy Prt is
Rapid C1t. clear 42 44
biioiiuan, part cloudy.... St fo
flour ilty, part cluuiy.. 44 44
Valentine, part cloudy t-J 64
tail.
.00
.
.!
.00
.it
.
.00
Lk A. WtLfcii, Local For ocas ter.
Delirious Patient
Wanders oft Prairie
EDGEMCVr, a D., Nov!, It 8peoUl.)
Barefooted and almost naked, Frank
Stearns, a farmer living near here, wan
dered' over the frostn and cactus-covered
prairies In this neighborhood all last
night, and when he was finally overtaken
by parties hunting for him, shortly be
fore noon today, his feet were fearfully
lacerated and he was so weak from ex
posure and exhaustion that his life Is de
spaired of.
He had been suffering from typhoid
fever for two weuks. and last night
rushed from his' horns In a fit of delirium
and was lost In the darkness He was
not found until he had covered a dis
tance of more . than twenty-five miles.
In his weakened condition it Is not - ex
pected that he will survive.
Italian Troop Ship.'
is Burning at Sea
LONDON. Nov. A Central news
dispatch from Rome says that tbe
steamer Cltta dl Stuoua has sent out a
wireless "S. O. 8." call, saying that I' Is
on fire 17 miles off Catania. It has 0
soldiers on board, bound from Masscwn,
Africa, for Italy. Two steamers have
gun to the assistance of the distressed
vessel.
Organized Militia
Short of Uniforms
WASHINGTON. . Nov. 1A "Should the
organised militia be .called Into. United
States service,, the troops would be sent
to mobilisation camps without sufficient
uniforms to , provide each soldier of the
minimum strength .with one suit of out
side' clothing." .... j ...
This was the warning sounded by th
War department, in-a. circular directed
today to National Guardsmen by, Briga
dier Oeneral.A.. U- Mills,, chief of the
division of militia affairs. .Tbe clroular
further recited that at the last inspec
tion this year nine states .did not have
sufficient- clothing to ' provide - one uni
form for each of the 109" enlisted mili
tiamen required to - he . maintained for
each, senator and representative. Thlr
ty-nine states- did- not have sufflcleut
clothing to provide ohe uniform for each
enlisted man Of the minimum authorised
strength. ' Ths ' authorised strength for
merly -wa fifty-eight men for each In
fantry company, which is now to be In
creased to sixty-five".
A number of other states did not have
sufficient arms and equipment for their
minimum authorised strength.
(Continued on Page Two. Column Three.)
SHORT BALLOT FOR
HAWKEYE STATE
Legislative Committee Reports on
-Reorganization of Gov-
lw.,..v:. trnment. .
ONLY GOVERNOR TO BE ELECTED
Administration to B Divided Into
Taree Departments, with Uead
Appointed by Governor
Other Btforsu,
; War Pictures
i- ' . I I . . . . .
From the Front
a - . I
Full Page in
The
Sunday Bee
The Day s
War News
Conflicting reports came today
from the opposing sides on the
main European battlefields. From
the German military headquarters
came official announcement of
Important successes. The French
war office said that the battle in
Belgium was becoming less vio
lent and that the German advance
had made no further progress'
The Berlin official ' statement
refers to heavy . fighting on the
Belgian sea coast near KJeuport,
where, it Is said, German marines
have Inflicted heavy losses on the
enemy. At Ypres, to the south,
near the French border, claim is
made to another German victory
with the capture of 1,800 prison
ers. Severe French attacks at
- other points along the battle line
are reported.
Npthlng of this character Is ( I
hinted at In the statement of the
French war office. In which ltjs
said that the German attacks near
Tprea and elsewhere have been
repulsed, and that the allies have
advanced In a few localities.
Premier Asqultn said in the
House of Commons that the
British casualties up to October
11 were approximately 67,000.
Lord Kitchener stated, recently
that England bad sent 300,000
men to the front. In other words,
one Englishman out of every six
engaged In the war, roughly
speaking, Is dead or has been
wounded or taken prisoner.
From the other fields of battle
there Is little new Information.
In Berlin was received a dispatch
from l Venn a, which, while stating
that the Austrian operations In
the northeast were developing
"without hindrance from tbe en
emy," also contained the admis
sion that central Gallcla bad been
evacuated by the Austrlans and
that the Russians had crossed the
lower Vistula and occupied Riea
iow, which lies on the line of the
Russian advance toward Cracow.
In the Caucasus the fighting
continues with severity and Turk
ish reports are to the effect that
the Russians are now being at
tacked oq their second line of de
fenses. Beyond admissions that
the Turkish attack was severe,
Rurftia has given few details of
tbe fighting in this theater.
(From a Staff Correspondent)
DES MOIRES. Is-. Nev. ll.-The report
to the members of the thlrty-slxtH gen-
GERMAN CRUISERS
' STEAHJNTO PORT
Lcipiig and Dresden Are Taking On
, Supplies and Provisions at
. .. , Valparaiso, . "
JAPANESE WARSHIPS SIGHTED
Fleet of Klaht C misers la Reported
Off Cape Carransas, Two 11 an.
red and Fifty Miles Sooth
- of Valparaiso.
BILLETIX.
PANaMA, Nov. IS. A warship believed
to bo the British cruiser Suffolk, has
heart slvhterl t wn t v.f I v mllAB riff fnlnn
eral assembly and the public- by the com-, u WM .ttmlllg wlth llshl(l out, ,
destination was not ascertained.
mlttee on retrenchment and refonn made
publlo todays says:
"After csxeful consideration this com
mittee believes the present policy of cre
ating a department and then leaving It
practically Without independent ' super
vision is unwise. Wo believe the stats
will receive better service It Instead, of
tbe pre sent diffusion of powers and re
sponsibilities, the various departments
of the state's business activities be placed
under direct supervision of department
heads, those department heads to be ap
pointed by the governor and . to serve
subject to his wish, thus making the
governor the real administrative head of
,111s state the real sou roe of authority
and concomitant responsibility.' ,
"We believe- that in governmental af
fairs the thing to be most desired is a
VALPARAISO, Chile, Nov. W.-The
.Qtirman cruisers Iylepilg and Dresden
steamed into Valparaiso ' harbor this
morning and t once started, taking on
supplies of provisions. .
A dispatch received two days ago from
Lima said a steamer arriving at Taltal,
Chlln, had reported four Oerman war
ships steaming north along Chilean coast.
A cablegram from . Montevideo last
night made reference to the. Japanese
cruiser squadron In the Poclflo, reported
to have been off E inter Island, ahrjut
2.001 miles west of Chile, some ten days
auo, saying tills . squadron consisted of
eight vessels. '"'"',
The British battleship Canopus and the
cruiser Defense were reported la week
ago as having passed through the straits
plan . of reorganisation comprehensive I of Magellan bound west, to Join the battle
enough to meet the growing demands of
the state. Such a plan must have for
its purpose tbe highest efficiency at the
lowest possible cost. The system or plan
must be such that It may expand nat
urally and .symmetrically as necessity
demands.
"We believe that the central Idea of
government Is action coupled with re-i
sponslblllty. The present organisation of
the state's business. In tne Judgment ofj
your committee, falls to meet those ro
cruiser New Zealand.
A later dispatch from Valparaiso last
night said It was reported that a Jap.
ancfe suuadron had been . sighted off
Cape Carransa, 360 miles south .of Val
paraiso. It was on Cape' Carransa that
a Britleh orhlp whs reported -to have
gone ashore arter the naval engagement,
but no trace, of the vessel was found.
This morning the long missing tierman
ciulsrrs Lelpsljr snd Dresden srrlved at
aiparalso. Nothing de'inlle has been
More Reports that German Defeats
in East Are Due to Sending Men
to West Battlefront
BATTLE PENDING NEAR CRACOW
PetrogrAd Hourly Expecting to Heat
of Capture of City.
AUSTRIAN DEFEAT IS REPORTED
visions Were Annihilated Nest
niver Prath Way Into
Transylvania. Opesu
BlLLBTtN.
LONDON. Nov. IS. A supple
mentary estimate to provide for
another 1,000,000 men required by
the British government during tbe
year ending March 81, was intro
duced In the House of Commons to
day. This brings the total army,
not Including the territorials, to
2,186,100 officers and men.
t
... niLLKTIN.
BERLIN, Nov. 1J. (By Wireless
to London.) Oerman military head
quarters today gave out an official
announcement as follows:
"On the branch of the Yser canal'
at NleuporO our marines have In
flicted heavy losses on ' the enemy,
and we have taken 700 . prisoners.
During our attacks on Ypres, which
have progressed favorably another
1,100 prisoners have been taken.
"Fierce attacks to the west and
east of Bolssons have been repulsed
with heavv. losses to the enemy.
"On the East Prussian frontier at
Eytkuhnen, and also further ' south.
to tbe east of the outlet of the Ma
surian lakes,' fresh battles have de
veloped, but no decision yet has been
reported." . (
LONDON. Nov. li-The Germans have
crossed tho Yser river, according to- the
admission In the latest Paris official
pommuniucatlon, .and although the in
vaders occupy only a few hundred yards
on the loft bank of the stubbornly con
tested rivet-, the allies cannot be Indif
ferent to this gain and desperate efforts
will be made to drive back this slight
wedge.
Tpraai extending like a fortress bas
tion into the lines of the invaders still
Is held by tbe British and unless tho
flank attacks on this position are suc
cessful Dlxmude la likely to prove a
barren gain for the Oermans, who still
find the way to Dunkirk barred. '
The theory that the Germans are mak-
Ing an unprecedented attempt on this
coast objective' la confirmed by an of
ficial Just returned to Holland from East
Pruss'a, where, he claims, tbe severity of
the Herman defeat Is due to the fact
that so many troops have been detached
for the effort against Calais.
FlKhtlasr A Ions; Aisne.
Little attention has been paid to tho
operations along the river Atsne, but. ac
cording to late dispatches, fierce fight
ing recalling the early cloys of the siege
battle there, has been In progress for
some time with no great alteration in
the line, but some slight advantage in
favor of the alllos.
In the coast line the latest reports in
dicate that the Germans, after heavy
artillery fire, make mssved Infantry as-
, . i, ,,11.... ..... j k, I m-.m,, rm i .
quircurcnis in .u.... - rieard or these ship since the action on
"There Is no plan of co-ordinate organ-1 November 1. In the reports of the sea
isatlon. Offices have been created and fgh. and ruhtequent developments the
departments established without refer- cruiser lireardtn and the Oerman cruiser
ence to what had been done before. There! Bremen have been conmused. In of
Is diversity of authority and division of flc'al reports each vessel had been
responsibility In all the branches and j described as the fifth member of the
departments of government. German squadron participating In the
"It is the opinion of your eomnilttee ' engagement, but In no report have both
that the chief cause for such waste and vessels been mentioned. There Is ac
Inefflclency as is apparent in the admin-: eordlngly some doubt as to whether the
istratlon of the state's affairs Is due toj ""en r the Dresden was the vessel
the system under which It Is-conducted hl'1 ih report meant to describe,
a system which, in the light of modern ,
business experience, has become crud. RllCOinwi OTwl flprrncm
and unwieldy, not to say obsolete. For. " wA.iMi4a
the government of Iowa ts only 'a vast)
business concern in which the people ofj
the state are the stockholders. Probably!
no other large business concern In the I LONDON. Nov. 11 A dispatch to the
state Is without a single administrative Morning Host from Stockholm tiuys tbe
head to whom the stockholders look for captain of the steamer Norden, which
results, and to whom they give credit or baa Just arrived '.here declared he was
censure as the business fares well or HI, , warned, by a German torpedo boat to
steer a wide course from the vicln'ty of
UJedser lighthouse on the southern end
of. the Isjand of Lapland In the Baltic
as a ' Battle - between . Russian and Ger
man torpedoes boats was In. progress.
The captain also reports, 'according to
the correspondent. tht he heard sounds
of heavy firing
(Continued on Page Two, Columu Six.)
Torpedo Boats Fight
(Continued on Page Five, Column One.)
Tomorrow the Best
, Colored
Comics
with
The Sunday Bee
General Villa Orders
Attack on Tampico
WASHINGTON. Nov. U. -General Villa
has ordered an attack on Tampico. His
army is operating from the city, of San
I.uis Potosl, which was occupied without
firing a shot. Official dispatches roeelved
bera today say tbe people received. Villa
r I with an ovation.
' .
.'
-v - f
Want Ads
for
Tomorrow
should be received before 7:-to
p. m. tonight, in order to-be
sure of proper insertion. ,
Special Telephone
Service
all day today if you wish lo
place your ad in this way. Com
petent ad-writers at the phones.
If you want to take
advantage of the cash
rates, a solicitor will
call, or you can leave
your ad at The Bee Office.
Telephone Tyler 1000
THE -OMAHA DEE
? EwyMy RtmJt WW Ad