THK OMAHA SUNDAY HKK: NOVKMHKU N liH4. Chilean Government Making Great Strides in Railway Building pi Mm n V "'opyriglit, 1914. by Prank O. Carrntrr.) I .UF.RTO MONTT.-TIm war In Europe will force upon Chile the purchase of a Urgo amount of I'nlted Statns stwl rU. stsi-I lrllRf a nnrt uther railway materials. The roun- try has srvrrul enormous projects under vay and th're art a lnz:ti n'n- road lthrr survived or projected. Tor the last two wreks 1 have been rlillngr ovcf the state railways. I hiivii hail a pans from the Kovrrnmcnt, and hava goni here and tlu-ro ut my will without payind fare. Ti e flare where 1 am now writing la the MHithcM-n terminus of the system. It li l'urrto Monti, a thriving port on tho very frontier of the settled part of the country, and us fur south of Pisaguo, tho northern terminus, where the railway begins, ai the distance from Hostnn to I 'alias, or New York to lenver. This country is like a preat sausage. It is long and narrow. If it were laid on the United States with its northern end at Boston It would stretch across New Kneland and the -ppalachlan system, across the whole of the Mississippi valley and far Into the Itocky mountains, ending: In Utah. Cape Tlom a-d the Strait of Magellan, which form the southern end of the sausage, would he Just about as far west of Bos ton as is Halt Lake City. Tho country Is nowhere much wider than from Balti more to New York, and In many places it could be squeezed In between Balti more and Philadelphia. Should Consider Railroad. It wlli pay our exporters to consider. 1Iip future railway system of Chile. Thia will consist of a long line of rail road running from Peru to the Strait of Magellan, with feeders going west to the coast and cast to the mountains. This line la known as the longitudinal system, and It is now lying built. It Is already about 2.000 miles long and it will eventually connect Peru and l'unta Arenas, the metropolis of the straits. The railway already extends almost to the Peruvian boundary. It traverses the nitrate fields and con nects them with Valparaslo and San tiago. Tho southern soctlon extends to Puerto Montt. where this letter is written. The first part of the road Is through a desert as barren as the Sa hara. This goes southward almost to the latitude of Valparaiso, where the longitudinal system crosses the trans Andlne railway to Buenos Aires. Then Ix-Fins the great central valley, an irri gated repion which corresponds In Its fertility with the best parts of south ern Callfo-nln. BeTo-w that the roud -ntcrs the forests, traversing coun try where the farms have had tt be cut out of the woods, and where the rulnfull In places fs 100 Inches per yeur. The central valley section has lvn built a long time, and fifteen years nso. when I first visited Chile, they wore already penetrating Into the for est region. I then camo on construc tion trains as far as Temueo, the home of tho Araucanian Indians, and I am now a day's rido further south, having gone through pioneer settlements all the way. Within another fifteen years tho road will probably have been ex tended to tho 'tralt of Magellan. This I should say Is as much further south of here as from St. liouls to New Orleans. tnder tio vrrame.nt Ownership. The longitudinal railway belongs to the government and contracts for material and cars may be made with the govern- ment officials. Tho government is fur nishing the capital for the extensions and tho building goes on steadily. Dur ing 1913. 700 miles ot new lines were n truffle r,,l th t nt a 1 number of miles under construction was 600. Some j wh,h ""7 .... . . . --iroad. that ot this nas since oeen compieiea. 1 110 railroad work paid for in that year was valued at $75,000,000, a sum equal to more than $4 for every man, woman and child in the country. At the present time Chile ha over! 4.000 miles of railroad in operation, and of this about one-half belongs to the state. The government began to take over the roads about a generation ago, and by 1910 it had paid something like tOO.OOO.OOo for them. i The state railways are managed .by of ficials appointed by the president There la a general manager who Is assisted by nine administrators. The administrator holds a similar position to that of gen eral manager of a private railroad, and the system is divided Into nine sections, each of which has its administrator. The chief offices of the state roads are at Santiago, and there is a close connection with them and the government as to all appointments. Every man who gets more than about tl.000 a year receives his ap pointment directly from tho president, and the others are selected by the gen erat manager with the advice of his sub ordinates. This makes every railroad office a government job, and all ap pointments, from the administrator to the brakeman and track layer are more or leas affected by pull. I have talked with many people here concerning the service. So far have yet to meet an unprejudiced observer who believes that government owner'ah"!i is good, for the roads or tro people'. Indeed, the railway question is one. of the live ones of public discussion, and the figures show that ho most of the lines are annually worked t a loss of several millions of dollars, niar Orders for Americans. i'n dif forence hetween . the receipts nnd the expenditures does not show the f t'-4r-n -1 HPTBl 4 v $i I r M-$W v - - fjCN IN TUB NITRATE FIELDS.J L74sdr ( -it t - ) q jyi t n ft ; aBBBsnm r - an ma sain m mr s ar . .-sr . , . v mm W - - the fi'nr that :ln Panama csnnl will re duce the. sliti I'iiik via the Strait of Mag ellan. M ny of the ships that now com" ttirotinh the sltalts will p:tss through Ihn CNiial nnd ilwii the west eoat of I'hlle, and tho rountiy will not have as good facilities by tlio slralts as li has now. The new r.ad will bring the country Into eh. so connection with the Argentina, and tho future travel to Kuropn will hi largely by way of Art'ei t'ne porta Chile wns the first country of South America to build railways, and tho first railways built hero v.ero const ruitetl by Vnlled States citiners. The first road on the South American continent was nnide to cornet I the silver tolties of t'op lapo with the port of t'ahlera. The builder was William Wheelwright, whom 1 have already mentioned In a previous letter, lie opened bis nud for traffic July 4. 1S61. The first locomotive that wan used Is stilt in ex'sienee In one of the Chilean museums nil It" name plate shows that It iaa made by Snrrls Hrothers In Phil adelphia in I". Wheelwright began tho railroad from Valparaiso to Santiago, and he made surveys toward and over tho Andes with th Idee, of a transcon tinental route. Ills first road was built four years before Uent- Meiggs, an other great railroad contractor, also an American, begnn ' wrk on the Central railrea.l ae'ithward from Santiago. William Wheelwright's name Is highly I honored In Chile, lie had a great deal to do with the development of the coun try. He was born In Nowhuryport, Mass., and at the age of M year was made , t nitel Ptte consul at Guayaquil. He served there for several ears and than moved t.i Valparaiso, where he estab lished a line of passenger vessels along I the coast. He s.s the founder of the I raelflr ttenm Navigation company, and so may be called the first to Introduce steam on the nest coast. He bull the first gas and water works of South America and strung tho first telegraph llr.e. Henry Me'gss, the other great Amer ican railroad constructor,' built the won- , rierftil road which goes up the Andes bark of Lima, Peru. He also constructed ; the road from Mollendo to Arequlpa that now goes on to Iike Tltlcara. and he old a great deal rf railroad building In Chile. He completed the road from Val paraiso to Santiago, and built soma of what is new a part of the longitudinal system. Today a great deal of American rolling stock and rails are still used In Chile, and It la Impossible to write about tho roads without reference to their olose connection with the Pri'ted Plates. Fit AN K O. CARPKNTKU. DAINTY GIRLS MffRfflfON V cent on the rapldos and trains de luxe. There Is a reduction of 10 per cent on return tickets of all classes. The freight rates are high, and more than half of the earnings come from freight. The extra charges for baggage are much greater than in the United States and qn the central system 4 per cent of the total earnings are made out of luggage. The amount of frelcht enrried is about 5,000,000 tons per annum, the number of passengers over lZ.OOO.OOO.Oort and the total receipts more than $13,000,000 in gold. The expenditures are more than $15,(00,000, so that the deficit la more than $2,000,000 The state Is now operating about 2,000 miles of railway, and its em ployes are more than 11,000, or over five to the mile. In addition to the government railways are those owned by private parties and companies. These roads have a trackage almost as long as that of the government system, and their total capitalization Is quite as great. Their freight and passen ger rates are higher, but the service Is better. Many of them ore run in con nection with mines and other interests and the returns do not show the actual receipts or the profits. Take, for instance, the nitrate railways, of which there are seven. They run from the ports out into the desert and carry but little else than nitrate of soda. They range In length from fifty miles to 300 or 400, and their business Is in proportion to the nitrate faotorles or oficinas with connect. The naagua, road, that runs Between rw" Iqulque, has a length of TO miles, and its capitalization Is $10,000,000 Its gauge Is only sixteen Inches. Nevertheless, It has been paying over 7 per cent on Its common stock for a number of years, and Its net receipts are now more than ..- 000.000 per annum. Tnai roaa w England. t Another Profitable Road. Another profitable road is the Angio-, Chilean nitrate road, which runs from the port of Tocopllla to several differ-, ent oficinas, having, a length of sev-1 enty odd miles. It Is capitalized at I $5 000.000 and In 1911 Its dividend was 13 per cent. And then there Is a road from.MeJlllones that cennects with the, Antofagaeta railway to Bolivia. That road Is about eighty miles long, and It has a thirty-inch gauge. It will carry the copper of the Guggenheim syndi cate mines down to the coast and should have an enormous profit therefrom. At present It is a. part of the Antofagasta Bollvla railway system, which Is ex ceedingly profitable. The Taltal Railway company, which runs from the southern nitrate fields to the port of Taltal on the Pacific, paid a dividend of 9 per cent In 1912. All of these railroads are feeder of the longitudinal system, and thst sys tem has been built to connect them as well as to give a line north and south throughout the republic. ! A most . Interesting . feature of the Chi lean railway situation la the number of lines that have been planned to cross the continent,, traversing the Andes and Joining the Argentine rallray systems to those of the west coast. The only one of these that has been completed Is that which extends from Valparaiso to Buenos 1 Aires. This is about as long as the dis tance between New York and Chicago, it . crosses the Andes at an ' altitude ot whole deficit atlsing from government .i,01. the ea throuah a tun- management. There Is an enormous i . tht , neariy two miles long. The additional toss in me wear ana tear of the roads and the rolling stock, ow as much as tho cost of the trip from New York to Chicago. Transcontinental System llolldlnjt. Another transcontinental railroad that will soon be completed will connect the port of Antofagasta with Buenos Aires. This is an extension of a branch of the Autofagasta-Bolivia railway. I have al ready described my Journey over It from Bolivia to tho sea. The transcontinental extension leaves the main line at Uyunl, wncre It has rn altitude of about 12,600 feet, and thence passes through -a r!ch mineral district, crossing Bolivia to the frontier, at La Qulnca, where It will connect with the great railway system of Argentina. Tho road has already been constructed to-Tuplza, and within less than a year it should be connected with the Argentine system. The distance be tween the two points is now only sixty six miles. This road will never be a general passenger line across South America. The distance Is too great. It will, however, be the short cut from the Pacific ocean to tho upper part of the Argentine Republic, and will be Bolivia's outlet to the Atlrntic. Chile has plans and surveys already made for several very Important trans continental railways south of the pres ent line from Valprblso to B.uenoa Aires. Some of them will have their termini at Bahal Blanca. the Argentine port on the Atlantic ocean, a day's ride south of Beunos Aires, and one will connect Talcahuano, the great commercial and naval station near Concepclon with that port. This load will cross Chile from Conception to Antuco, and thence go on into the Ar gentine, where It will connect with the THE PtRST LOCOmOTIVff TO RUN IN SOCrf AMERJC JHADE IN PHILADELPHJA M 'OSO. have their termini in Ba- roads which hla Blanca. Distance Is Shorter. This transandlne road will be about 200 miles shorter than the road now in operation ' between Valparaiso and Buenos Aires, via Juncal. It will be easier of construction and will cn ss the Andes through a tunnel, which will be less than a mile In length. The gov ernment has already granted a subsidy of $l,000,0ri, to be paid at the rate of $5,000 per kilometer, as It l open-'d to traffic, until $GOO,000 have been paid, the remaining $400,000 to be held until the line has been Joined up to the Ar gentine system. Some of this line is al ready in operation, and it is steadily proceeding. The Argentine section la being arranged for. ' Another road to Bahla Blanca which has already been decided upon will have a length of 350 miles. This will go via Ddnquimai. Between these southern transcontinen tal roads and the transandlne road now in use, several roads to Buenos Aires are being considered and surveyed. One of these from Valpraiso via Maipo, la about 1,000 mlies long. Another from the port of Llico, still further south to is ninety-five miles, and a third from the. port of Llico, still further south to Buenos Aires, is 1,033 miles long. In addition to these there are three others planned to go through the Colorado route, which would connect them with the port of Constitution. These roads are each about 1,000 miles long. Panama Hay Reduce Traffic. One reason for the anxiety that Chile has for more transcontinental routes U OMAHA IS FASHION CENTER Eastern Styles Can Be Obtained Here at Well ai in Larger Cities. SALESWOMEN ARE HELPFUL Tboae Kelllns; Stilts and Gowns Ai mer Abl o ffer Valuable Isitrilloii In Miking elections. By POLUFICIA. Omaha has come lnt Its own in the realm of metropolitan fashion tenters. No longer do local society maids and matrons find It neceaaary to go east once or twice a year to replenish their ward robe but from here advance notes In stylos radiate to neighboring atates and communities. There is absolutely noth ing that can be obtained In eastern mar kets that it is not possible to buy right here in little old Omaha. Time waa when my lady's wardrobe or Its accessories needed to be completed by eastern purchases. One of the items of her wardrobe which particularly oc cupies her attention la my lady's bodice or blouse. Great care was expended In planning the design, workmanship and material for thla Important adjunct of the costume. Now my ludy enters one of the large department stores and in as many minutes aa It formerly required hours to be fitted with a bodice she se lects an Imported model, distinctly newer, more chio and more modish than anything she Could have plunned herself with aa little effort. And In nine cases out of ten the price is more reasonable. In ono of the largo department stores here there Is a little French lady In charge, and she can be depended upon to divulge 'lo dernier crt from I'arln or the American fashion centers, whatever they are going to be now. Just now the little Fnnch woman la showing a "distinct novelty In velvet basquettes. These come In different shades of velvet, principally In tho black, and may bo worn over detachable silk or chiffon gulmpes or over the ordinary blouse. It la one of tho moat attractive accessories to the costume that has been shown for a long while, and promises to be most popular. Tlioy range in price from $3.98 to $8.98. When asked what the last noto for stylo in blouses waa she said: "For every-day wear, ere no de chine blouses with military collars and gaunt let cuffs are In the lead. They are rea sonably priced, coming In lots at $3.M and $7.(0. For dressier occasions dainty shadow nnd Chantllly lace blouses lined with flesh-colored chiffon, with stand-up collars and long sleeves are very good. These are sold from W.fW to SIA. For very dressy occasions the blouses may be short-sleeved and worn with long kid gloves. Oeorsrrtte Crepe l'opnlar. "Gcorgtttte crepe Is the most popular material for waists because It looks so dainty and still launders so beautifully. These come from $5 to $6.98, but our handsomest models for afternoon and theater wear are of gold net over flesh colored chiffon, trimmed with satin in the shade to match the suit with which they are worn. These are a little higher t riced, being sold at $i:.t8 to $11.08, but our moat expensive models range in price from $.15 to $40." Benntlfal Models la Chiffon. Very beautiful models are shown In hand-embroidered chiffon and In a va riety of blouses with filmy chiffon sleeves. Very effective satin ones) with rape back of lace are being displayed for tho rea sonable sum of $3.98 to $5. Tho distin guishing feature of tht.i season's models la the long set-In sleeves, aa opposed to the drop-shoulder mode. Tho V-neYked bodice continues In popularity. u.acn aeparunoni aioix manes a spe cialty of Inexpensive shirtwaists for busi ness or morning wear from $1 and up and pleasing innovation greet the bust ness woman here. i'eparimeni neaaa fcay Omaha women a diatlnot compliment they they say that local women exercise moat careful Judg ment and a remarkable aptitude foj- good models In their choice of garments. And do It Uoea On. Nunky, absolutely delighted with him self, left the shop of the curlo-dealer with springing footstep. He had been giving a practical demon stration In dealing to his stater's eldest son. "There you are, Reginald!" he said to his bored nephew, aa they walked along. "Just bear In mind that little Incident when dealing with men of that caliber. Just argue the point my boy, and down Comes the rrlce." Inalde the shop, tha dealer watched hla customer out of sight; then he smllud broadly, too. v "Oeorge, my son," ho said, confiden tially, "when you're dealing with a card like that, and you see he's out for ar guing the point, Just clap the price on $1S to start with!" CUTICURA SOAP Assisted by Cuticura Ointment occasionally, to promote and maintain the purity and beauty of the skin, scalp, hair and hands. You may try them be fore you buy them. Samples Free by Mail CuUmira anas an Ointment unlit thrmisnmit ttis work). Llbaralsamnlsol saoh mailed frsa. wtta SS-p. book. Atlrtnaa fuururs," Dept. 6K. Bosioa. 1 LAD IE V HAIR-DRESSING IN 10ND0 m PARIS A returned traveler says: "When t was In Europe this year I found botk cities so thickly dotted with halrdresalng parlors and hair goods stores that I won dered if tha women ever had time for anything but care of the hair. Person ally I was Interested In finding a really good shampoo and was happily surprised when several Inquiries brought the sug gestion that our own American made can throx shampoo la best. I tried It and hava decided that It Is not advisable to use a makeshift but always use a prep aration made for shampooing only. You can enjoy the best that la known for about three cents a shampoo by getting a package of canthrox from your drug gist; dissolve a teaspoonful In a cup of, hot water and your shampoo Is ready. After its use the hair dries rapidly with uniform color. Dandruff, excess oil and dirt are dissolved and entirely disappear. Your hair will be so fluffy thnt it will look much heavier than it Is Its luster and softness will also delight you, whlln the stimulated scalp galna the health which Insures hair growth. Advertisement. 3 . m? : i fc.ua-in i "" -).iii'wir urn 'im' '.''l;. 'a IBS- i Ia nra1pnnnaa biiH . Vint This Is so great that Chile has recently passed an act appropriating more than $30, m5i'h) to re-equip and reorganize the system. A large amount of thla will so into new cars, and will result in larye orderj from the United States. A it la now, most of the cars have ome from our country and as orig inally Bhlpped they were the best of their kind. They new show the effects of the long lack; of repairs. Those In which I have traveled need paint and vainioh. The windows rattle and every thing seems rickety, shabby and going to std. I have been in Pullman cars wheve. the fine veneering of the celling has so cracked and blistered that it hunif down like the wall paper of a dump building, and In some coaches tha rain dripped through. The freight curs , are in a bud way and no one watches the leaks. Others of the cars are more comfortable, the dining and sleeping ear service being fairly good. With the new appropriation there should be , no lack of money and conditions will j probably improve. i Bates Are Low. ! The rates of travel on the state rail-' ways are low. for a country Ilka this. Ftrst-claas fares are about 3 cents a mile, second class l'i cents and third-class less than two-thirds of 1 cent per mile. There are additional charges of 50 per cent on tie express trains and of about 100 per i road was expensive to build, and It Is so I costly to operate - that its, freight rates will always be high. It has a rack and pinion or cog railroad eyatem of about twenty-tive miles, and the gauge Is such that freight has to be transferred twice during the Journey across the continent. The fare from Santiago to Buenos Aires is $C5. with a very small allowance for baggage. Thla is more than three times )n.Btxl f Bails t Sanatorium Tbia Institution Is tba only one in tlie central west with separate buildings situated in their own ample grounds, yet entirely d Is let t, and rendering It possible to clasbltv cases. The one bulldlcg being fitted for and devoted to the treatment of non-contagious and non-mental dUeaaea, no others be ing admitted; the other itest Cot tage being designed tor and de- .e.d iu ine exclusive treat men i of select mental eases requiring for a time watchful care and apt cial nursing. li P if o)Pl if R? ? (0)(.)n Quality High -Prices Low NOVEMBER -:- Not One Day CLEARANC 24th and L Streets So. Omaha But Every Day : SALE! During this sale we are offering the greatest Furniture and Rug values ever offer ed. Car after car of high grade furniture has been received and in order to make room for big holiday displays we must make a quick clearance of all stock on hand. Come in tomorrow and buy while the assortment is best. Home Favorite Kitchen Cabinet should en- W1 This is a convenience every housewife should en joy. It is made of the finest ma terials and is a regular $30 value. November Clearance Sale price - . llovcmber Clearance Sale of flugs 9x12 Seamless Brussels Rugs Jjjg '75 9x12 Seamless Velvet Rugs JjJ J 4 JQ 912 Axminster Rugs ' . JJ JJ 00 BED DAVENPORTS 122 Upholstered in best Spanish Moroccolin and has always been a big seller at $32. November Clearance Sale price Every day this month will be a Bargain Day at the "Home." tit 7? I'll tlovcmbcr Clearance Sale of hundreds of pieces of fine fur niture that will beautify your home. Get our prices. i Home Pride Range Set up in your home, for $27 Cash or payments. November Clearance Sale ' of Elegant Bed Room Furniture Our prices in this line are ridiculous ly low. SEE OUR NEW DAYLIGHT DISPLAY ROOM if