THK OMAHA SUNDAY HKK: NOVKMHKU N liH4.
Chilean Government Making Great Strides in Railway Building
pi
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V
"'opyriglit, 1914. by Prank O. Carrntrr.) I
.UF.RTO MONTT.-TIm war In
Europe will force upon Chile
the purchase of a Urgo
amount of I'nlted Statns stwl
rU. stsi-I lrllRf a nnrt uther
railway materials. The roun-
try has srvrrul enormous projects under
vay and th're art a lnz:ti n'n- road
lthrr survived or projected. Tor the last
two wreks 1 have been rlillngr ovcf the
state railways. I hiivii hail a pans from
the Kovrrnmcnt, and hava goni here and
tlu-ro ut my will without payind fare.
Ti e flare where 1 am now writing la the
MHithcM-n terminus of the system. It li
l'urrto Monti, a thriving port on tho very
frontier of the settled part of the country,
and us fur south of Pisaguo, tho northern
terminus, where the railway begins, ai
the distance from Hostnn to I 'alias, or
New York to lenver. This country is like
a preat sausage. It is long and narrow.
If it were laid on the United States with
its northern end at Boston It would
stretch across New Kneland and the
-ppalachlan system, across the whole of
the Mississippi valley and far Into the
Itocky mountains, ending: In Utah. Cape
Tlom a-d the Strait of Magellan, which
form the southern end of the sausage,
would he Just about as far west of Bos
ton as is Halt Lake City. Tho country
Is nowhere much wider than from Balti
more to New York, and In many places
it could be squeezed In between Balti
more and Philadelphia.
Should Consider Railroad.
It wlli pay our exporters to consider.
1Iip future railway system of Chile.
Thia will consist of a long line of rail
road running from Peru to the Strait
of Magellan, with feeders going west
to the coast and cast to the mountains.
This line la known as the longitudinal
system, and It is now lying built. It
Is already about 2.000 miles long and
it will eventually connect Peru and
l'unta Arenas, the metropolis of the
straits. The railway already extends
almost to the Peruvian boundary. It
traverses the nitrate fields and con
nects them with Valparaslo and San
tiago. Tho southern soctlon extends
to Puerto Montt. where this letter is
written. The first part of the road Is
through a desert as barren as the Sa
hara. This goes southward almost to
the latitude of Valparaiso, where the
longitudinal system crosses the trans
Andlne railway to Buenos Aires. Then
Ix-Fins the great central valley, an irri
gated repion which corresponds In Its
fertility with the best parts of south
ern Callfo-nln. BeTo-w that the roud
-ntcrs the forests, traversing coun
try where the farms have had tt be
cut out of the woods, and where the
rulnfull In places fs 100 Inches per
yeur. The central valley section has
lvn built a long time, and fifteen years
nso. when I first visited Chile, they
wore already penetrating Into the for
est region. I then camo on construc
tion trains as far as Temueo, the home
of tho Araucanian Indians, and I am
now a day's rido further south, having
gone through pioneer settlements all
the way. Within another fifteen years
tho road will probably have been ex
tended to tho 'tralt of Magellan. This
I should say Is as much further south
of here as from St. liouls to New
Orleans.
tnder tio vrrame.nt Ownership.
The longitudinal railway belongs to the
government and contracts for material
and cars may be made with the govern-
ment officials. Tho government is fur
nishing the capital for the extensions
and tho building goes on steadily. Dur
ing 1913. 700 miles ot new lines were
n truffle r,,l th t nt a 1 number
of miles under construction was 600. Some j wh,h ""7
.... . . . --iroad. that
ot this nas since oeen compieiea. 1 110
railroad work paid for in that year was
valued at $75,000,000, a sum equal to more
than $4 for every man, woman and child
in the country.
At the present time Chile ha over!
4.000 miles of railroad in operation, and
of this about one-half belongs to the
state. The government began to take
over the roads about a generation ago,
and by 1910 it had paid something like
tOO.OOO.OOo for them. i
The state railways are managed .by of
ficials appointed by the president There
la a general manager who Is assisted by
nine administrators. The administrator
holds a similar position to that of gen
eral manager of a private railroad, and
the system is divided Into nine sections,
each of which has its administrator. The
chief offices of the state roads are at
Santiago, and there is a close connection
with them and the government as to all
appointments. Every man who gets more
than about tl.000 a year receives his ap
pointment directly from tho president,
and the others are selected by the gen
erat manager with the advice of his sub
ordinates. This makes every railroad
office a government job, and all ap
pointments, from the administrator to
the brakeman and track layer are more
or leas affected by pull. I have talked
with many people here concerning the
service. So far have yet to meet an
unprejudiced observer who believes that
government owner'ah"!i is good, for the
roads or tro people'. Indeed, the railway
question is one. of the live ones of public
discussion, and the figures show that
ho most of the lines are annually worked
t a loss of several millions of dollars,
niar Orders for Americans.
i'n dif forence hetween . the receipts
nnd the expenditures does not show the
f
t'-4r-n
-1
HPTBl 4 v $i I r M-$W v - - fjCN IN TUB NITRATE FIELDS.J
L74sdr ( -it t - ) q jyi t
n ft ;
aBBBsnm r - an ma sain m mr s ar . .-sr . , . v mm W
- -
the fi'nr that :ln Panama csnnl will re
duce the. sliti I'iiik via the Strait of Mag
ellan. M ny of the ships that now com"
ttirotinh the sltalts will p:tss through Ihn
CNiial nnd ilwii the west eoat of I'hlle,
and tho rountiy will not have as good
facilities by tlio slralts as li has now.
The new r.ad will bring the country
Into eh. so connection with the Argentina,
and tho future travel to Kuropn will hi
largely by way of Art'ei t'ne porta
Chile wns the first country of South
America to build railways, and tho first
railways built hero v.ero const ruitetl by
Vnlled States citiners. The first road
on the South American continent was
nnide to cornet I the silver tolties of t'op
lapo with the port of t'ahlera. The builder
was William Wheelwright, whom 1 have
already mentioned In a previous letter,
lie opened bis nud for traffic July 4.
1S61. The first locomotive that wan used
Is stilt in ex'sienee In one of the Chilean
museums nil It" name plate shows that
It iaa made by Snrrls Hrothers In Phil
adelphia in I". Wheelwright began tho
railroad from Valparaiso to Santiago,
and he made surveys toward and over
tho Andes with th Idee, of a transcon
tinental route. Ills first road was built
four years before Uent- Meiggs, an
other great railroad contractor, also an
American, begnn ' wrk on the Central
railrea.l ae'ithward from Santiago.
William Wheelwright's name Is highly
I honored In Chile, lie had a great deal
to do with the development of the coun
try. He was born In Nowhuryport, Mass.,
and at the age of M year was made
, t nitel Ptte consul at Guayaquil. He
served there for several ears and than
moved t.i Valparaiso, where he estab
lished a line of passenger vessels along
I the coast. He s.s the founder of the
I raelflr ttenm Navigation company, and
so may be called the first to Introduce
steam on the nest coast. He bull the
first gas and water works of South
America and strung tho first telegraph
llr.e.
Henry Me'gss, the other great Amer
ican railroad constructor,' built the won-
, rierftil road which goes up the Andes
bark of Lima, Peru. He also constructed
; the road from Mollendo to Arequlpa that
now goes on to Iike Tltlcara. and he
old a great deal rf railroad building In
Chile. He completed the road from Val
paraiso to Santiago, and built soma of
what is new a part of the longitudinal
system. Today a great deal of American
rolling stock and rails are still used In
Chile, and It la Impossible to write about
tho roads without reference to their olose
connection with the Pri'ted Plates.
Fit AN K O. CARPKNTKU.
DAINTY GIRLS
MffRfflfON
V
cent on the rapldos and trains de luxe.
There Is a reduction of 10 per cent on
return tickets of all classes. The freight
rates are high, and more than half of
the earnings come from freight. The
extra charges for baggage are much
greater than in the United States and qn
the central system 4 per cent of the total
earnings are made out of luggage.
The amount of frelcht enrried is about
5,000,000 tons per annum, the number
of passengers over lZ.OOO.OOO.Oort and
the total receipts more than $13,000,000 in
gold. The expenditures are more than
$15,(00,000, so that the deficit la more than
$2,000,000 The state Is now operating
about 2,000 miles of railway, and its em
ployes are more than 11,000, or over five
to the mile.
In addition to the government railways
are those owned by private parties and
companies. These roads have a trackage
almost as long as that of the government
system, and their total capitalization Is
quite as great. Their freight and passen
ger rates are higher, but the service Is
better. Many of them ore run in con
nection with mines and other interests
and the returns do not show the actual
receipts or the profits.
Take, for instance, the nitrate railways,
of which there are seven. They run from
the ports out into the desert and carry
but little else than nitrate of soda. They
range In length from fifty miles to 300
or 400, and their business Is in proportion
to the nitrate faotorles or oficinas with
connect. The naagua,
road, that runs Between rw"
Iqulque, has a length of TO miles, and
its capitalization Is $10,000,000 Its gauge
Is only sixteen Inches. Nevertheless, It
has been paying over 7 per cent on Its
common stock for a number of years, and
Its net receipts are now more than ..-
000.000 per annum. Tnai roaa w
England. t
Another Profitable Road.
Another profitable road is the Angio-,
Chilean nitrate road, which runs from
the port of Tocopllla to several differ-,
ent oficinas, having, a length of sev-1
enty odd miles. It Is capitalized at I
$5 000.000 and In 1911 Its dividend was
13 per cent. And then there Is a road
from.MeJlllones that cennects with the,
Antofagaeta railway to Bolivia. That
road Is about eighty miles long, and It
has a thirty-inch gauge. It will carry
the copper of the Guggenheim syndi
cate mines down to the coast and should
have an enormous profit therefrom. At
present It is a. part of the Antofagasta
Bollvla railway system, which Is ex
ceedingly profitable. The Taltal Railway
company, which runs from the southern
nitrate fields to the port of Taltal on the
Pacific, paid a dividend of 9 per cent In
1912. All of these railroads are feeder
of the longitudinal system, and thst sys
tem has been built to connect them as
well as to give a line north and south
throughout the republic. !
A most . Interesting . feature of the Chi
lean railway situation la the number of
lines that have been planned to cross
the continent,, traversing the Andes and
Joining the Argentine rallray systems to
those of the west coast. The only one
of these that has been completed Is that
which extends from Valparaiso to Buenos
1 Aires. This is about as long as the dis
tance between New York and Chicago,
it . crosses the Andes at an ' altitude ot
whole deficit atlsing from government .i,01. the ea throuah a tun-
management. There Is an enormous i . tht , neariy two miles long. The
additional toss in me wear ana tear
of the roads and the rolling stock, ow
as much as tho cost of the trip from New
York to Chicago.
Transcontinental System llolldlnjt.
Another transcontinental railroad that
will soon be completed will connect the
port of Antofagasta with Buenos Aires.
This is an extension of a branch of the
Autofagasta-Bolivia railway. I have al
ready described my Journey over It from
Bolivia to tho sea. The transcontinental
extension leaves the main line at Uyunl,
wncre It has rn altitude of about 12,600
feet, and thence passes through -a r!ch
mineral district, crossing Bolivia to the
frontier, at La Qulnca, where It will
connect with the great railway system of
Argentina. Tho road has already been
constructed to-Tuplza, and within less
than a year it should be connected with
the Argentine system. The distance be
tween the two points is now only sixty
six miles. This road will never be a
general passenger line across South
America. The distance Is too great. It
will, however, be the short cut from the
Pacific ocean to tho upper part of the
Argentine Republic, and will be Bolivia's
outlet to the Atlrntic.
Chile has plans and surveys already
made for several very Important trans
continental railways south of the pres
ent line from Valprblso to B.uenoa
Aires. Some of them will have their
termini at Bahal Blanca. the Argentine
port on the Atlantic ocean, a day's
ride south of Beunos Aires, and one
will connect Talcahuano, the great
commercial and naval station near
Concepclon with that port. This load
will cross Chile from Conception to
Antuco, and thence go on into the Ar
gentine, where It will connect with the
THE PtRST LOCOmOTIVff
TO RUN IN SOCrf AMERJC
JHADE IN PHILADELPHJA M 'OSO.
have their termini in Ba-
roads which
hla Blanca.
Distance Is Shorter.
This transandlne road will be about
200 miles shorter than the road now in
operation ' between Valparaiso and
Buenos Aires, via Juncal. It will be
easier of construction and will cn ss
the Andes through a tunnel, which will
be less than a mile In length. The gov
ernment has already granted a subsidy
of $l,000,0ri, to be paid at the rate of
$5,000 per kilometer, as It l open-'d to
traffic, until $GOO,000 have been paid,
the remaining $400,000 to be held until
the line has been Joined up to the Ar
gentine system. Some of this line is al
ready in operation, and it is steadily
proceeding. The Argentine section la
being arranged for. ' Another road to
Bahla Blanca which has already been
decided upon will have a length of 350
miles. This will go via Ddnquimai.
Between these southern transcontinen
tal roads and the transandlne road now
in use, several roads to Buenos Aires are
being considered and surveyed. One of
these from Valpraiso via Maipo, la
about 1,000 mlies long. Another from
the port of Llico, still further south to
is ninety-five miles, and a third from
the. port of Llico, still further south to
Buenos Aires, is 1,033 miles long. In
addition to these there are three others
planned to go through the Colorado
route, which would connect them with the
port of Constitution. These roads are
each about 1,000 miles long.
Panama Hay Reduce Traffic.
One reason for the anxiety that Chile
has for more transcontinental routes U
OMAHA IS FASHION CENTER
Eastern Styles Can Be Obtained
Here at Well ai in Larger Cities.
SALESWOMEN ARE HELPFUL
Tboae Kelllns; Stilts and Gowns Ai
mer Abl o ffer Valuable
Isitrilloii In Miking
elections.
By POLUFICIA.
Omaha has come lnt Its own in the
realm of metropolitan fashion tenters.
No longer do local society maids and
matrons find It neceaaary to go east once
or twice a year to replenish their ward
robe but from here advance notes In
stylos radiate to neighboring atates and
communities. There is absolutely noth
ing that can be obtained In eastern mar
kets that it is not possible to buy right
here in little old Omaha.
Time waa when my lady's wardrobe or
Its accessories needed to be completed
by eastern purchases. One of the items
of her wardrobe which particularly oc
cupies her attention la my lady's bodice
or blouse. Great care was expended In
planning the design, workmanship and
material for thla Important adjunct of
the costume. Now my ludy enters one of
the large department stores and in as
many minutes aa It formerly required
hours to be fitted with a bodice she se
lects an Imported model, distinctly newer,
more chio and more modish than anything
she Could have plunned herself with aa
little effort. And In nine cases out of
ten the price is more reasonable.
In ono of the largo department stores
here there Is a little French lady In
charge, and she can be depended upon to
divulge 'lo dernier crt from I'arln or the
American fashion centers, whatever they
are going to be now.
Just now the little Fnnch woman la
showing a "distinct novelty In velvet
basquettes. These come In different
shades of velvet, principally In tho black,
and may bo worn over detachable silk or
chiffon gulmpes or over the ordinary
blouse. It la one of tho moat attractive
accessories to the costume that has been
shown for a long while, and promises
to be most popular. Tlioy range in price
from $3.98 to $8.98. When asked what
the last noto for stylo in blouses waa
she said:
"For every-day wear, ere no de chine
blouses with military collars and gaunt
let cuffs are In the lead. They are rea
sonably priced, coming In lots at $3.M
and $7.(0. For dressier occasions dainty
shadow nnd Chantllly lace blouses lined
with flesh-colored chiffon, with stand-up
collars and long sleeves are very good.
These are sold from W.fW to SIA. For
very dressy occasions the blouses may be
short-sleeved and worn with long kid
gloves.
Oeorsrrtte Crepe l'opnlar.
"Gcorgtttte crepe Is the most popular
material for waists because It looks so
dainty and still launders so beautifully.
These come from $5 to $6.98, but our
handsomest models for afternoon and
theater wear are of gold net over flesh
colored chiffon, trimmed with satin in
the shade to match the suit with which
they are worn. These are a little higher
t riced, being sold at $i:.t8 to $11.08, but
our moat expensive models range in price
from $.15 to $40."
Benntlfal Models la Chiffon.
Very beautiful models are shown In
hand-embroidered chiffon and In a va
riety of blouses with filmy chiffon sleeves.
Very effective satin ones) with rape back
of lace are being displayed for tho rea
sonable sum of $3.98 to $5. Tho distin
guishing feature of tht.i season's models
la the long set-In sleeves, aa opposed to
the drop-shoulder mode. Tho V-neYked
bodice continues In popularity.
u.acn aeparunoni aioix manes a spe
cialty of Inexpensive shirtwaists for busi
ness or morning wear from $1 and up
and pleasing innovation greet the bust
ness woman here.
i'eparimeni neaaa fcay Omaha women
a diatlnot compliment they they say that
local women exercise moat careful Judg
ment and a remarkable aptitude foj- good
models In their choice of garments.
And do It Uoea On.
Nunky, absolutely delighted with him
self, left the shop of the curlo-dealer
with springing footstep.
He had been giving a practical demon
stration In dealing to his stater's eldest
son.
"There you are, Reginald!" he said to
his bored nephew, aa they walked along.
"Just bear In mind that little Incident
when dealing with men of that caliber.
Just argue the point my boy, and down
Comes the rrlce."
Inalde the shop, tha dealer watched hla
customer out of sight; then he smllud
broadly, too. v
"Oeorge, my son," ho said, confiden
tially, "when you're dealing with a card
like that, and you see he's out for ar
guing the point, Just clap the price on
$1S to start with!"
CUTICURA
SOAP
Assisted by Cuticura Ointment
occasionally, to promote and
maintain the purity and beauty
of the skin, scalp, hair and
hands. You may try them be
fore you buy them.
Samples Free by Mail
CuUmira anas an Ointment unlit thrmisnmit ttis
work). Llbaralsamnlsol saoh mailed frsa. wtta SS-p.
book. Atlrtnaa fuururs," Dept. 6K. Bosioa.
1
LAD IE V HAIR-DRESSING
IN 10ND0 m PARIS
A returned traveler says: "When t
was In Europe this year I found botk
cities so thickly dotted with halrdresalng
parlors and hair goods stores that I won
dered if tha women ever had time for
anything but care of the hair. Person
ally I was Interested In finding a really
good shampoo and was happily surprised
when several Inquiries brought the sug
gestion that our own American made can
throx shampoo la best. I tried It and
hava decided that It Is not advisable to
use a makeshift but always use a prep
aration made for shampooing only. You
can enjoy the best that la known for
about three cents a shampoo by getting
a package of canthrox from your drug
gist; dissolve a teaspoonful In a cup of,
hot water and your shampoo Is ready.
After its use the hair dries rapidly with
uniform color. Dandruff, excess oil and
dirt are dissolved and entirely disappear.
Your hair will be so fluffy thnt it will
look much heavier than it Is Its luster
and softness will also delight you, whlln
the stimulated scalp galna the health
which Insures hair growth. Advertisement.
3
. m? :
i fc.ua-in i "" -).iii'wir urn 'im' '.''l;. 'a
IBS-
i Ia nra1pnnnaa biiH . Vint This Is
so great that Chile has recently passed
an act appropriating more than $30,
m5i'h) to re-equip and reorganize the
system. A large amount of thla will
so into new cars, and will result in
larye orderj from the United States.
A it la now, most of the cars have
ome from our country and as orig
inally Bhlpped they were the best of
their kind. They new show the effects
of the long lack; of repairs. Those In
which I have traveled need paint and
vainioh. The windows rattle and every
thing seems rickety, shabby and going
to std. I have been in Pullman cars
wheve. the fine veneering of the celling
has so cracked and blistered that it
hunif down like the wall paper of a
dump building, and In some coaches tha
rain dripped through. The freight curs ,
are in a bud way and no one watches
the leaks. Others of the cars are more
comfortable, the dining and sleeping
ear service being fairly good. With
the new appropriation there should be ,
no lack of money and conditions will j
probably improve. i
Bates Are Low. !
The rates of travel on the state rail-'
ways are low. for a country Ilka this.
Ftrst-claas fares are about 3 cents a mile,
second class l'i cents and third-class less
than two-thirds of 1 cent per mile. There
are additional charges of 50 per cent on
tie express trains and of about 100 per i
road was expensive to build, and It Is so
I costly to operate - that its, freight rates
will always be high. It has a rack and
pinion or cog railroad eyatem of about
twenty-tive miles, and the gauge Is such
that freight has to be transferred twice
during the Journey across the continent.
The fare from Santiago to Buenos Aires
is $C5. with a very small allowance for
baggage. Thla is more than three times
)n.Btxl f Bails t
Sanatorium
Tbia Institution Is tba only one
in tlie central west with separate
buildings situated in their own
ample grounds, yet entirely d Is
let t, and rendering It possible to
clasbltv cases. The one bulldlcg
being fitted for and devoted to the
treatment of non-contagious and
non-mental dUeaaea, no others be
ing admitted; the other itest Cot
tage being designed tor and de-
.e.d iu ine exclusive treat men i
of select mental eases requiring
for a time watchful care and apt
cial nursing.
li
P
if
o)Pl
if R? ?
(0)(.)n
Quality High -Prices Low
NOVEMBER
-:- Not One Day
CLEARANC
24th and L Streets
So. Omaha
But Every Day
: SALE!
During this sale we are offering the greatest Furniture and Rug values ever offer
ed. Car after car of high grade furniture has been received and in order to make room
for big holiday displays we must make a quick clearance of all stock on hand. Come in
tomorrow and buy while the assortment is best.
Home Favorite Kitchen Cabinet
should en-
W1
This is a convenience every housewife should en
joy. It is made of the finest ma
terials and is a regular $30 value.
November Clearance Sale price - .
llovcmber Clearance Sale of flugs
9x12 Seamless Brussels Rugs Jjjg '75
9x12 Seamless Velvet Rugs JjJ J 4 JQ
912 Axminster Rugs ' . JJ JJ 00
BED DAVENPORTS
122
Upholstered in best Spanish Moroccolin
and has always been a big seller at $32.
November Clearance Sale price
Every day this month will be a
Bargain Day at the "Home."
tit 7?
I'll
tlovcmbcr
Clearance
Sale
of hundreds of
pieces of fine fur
niture that will
beautify your
home.
Get our prices.
i
Home
Pride
Range
Set up in
your home,
for
$27
Cash or
payments.
November
Clearance
Sale
' of Elegant
Bed Room
Furniture
Our prices in this
line are ridiculous
ly low.
SEE OUR NEW DAYLIGHT DISPLAY ROOM
if