iiir iAiAim i(,Ai)iVi "lr,n: r r.inu-.vui u, i:nt.
ir
Students of
- - i. - - is ihiiijimiiii i i . . in . 1 1. 1 it. i I..H.JU.HI.U.UII ii wii - i M mi I niiwiiBiwuw n nam HWIHWWMI II II. IIIIIM
r : : r- 1 Xf . ' - TZY Tr""" " ------..
' . .: '. . A''- 1 v ....
I . . . r. j .
' - V -V r . f
' :. ... - - -; B) N V---w I i
- . . . ..... - , i f J; . . i
. M8BaBEa5raaBBaasssasjd---- -' ' iiiiii.-iii frTnfntitjl. -.-rrm 1 1 1 iii hiiiih wrTirr'MiiOTi C'" - !
JJVSjPZZCTIM CATTZ.E 1M T2UC YARDS j ; . !
?'''"' " - -j r. . . ... . i . . ' v , I
' . i IP ' ' 4.' ' ' J
. r i I 1 ' ;- ' w v' ,; L- , ,
t , - : I : r v 'f f ,. vr . f r . . .
.li : -- - . - - . ii M i h : -v ' ' I
zw'zinjAic oirJTjmv or EiziiAmri: huxljdjjvx t;Jv, , i , . , : ... J ? v 1 J
, -. ' f. -"'V . ' wT"Lr"' '-Kx'l --- v'---yKaWcl - ... -L2--y
L . ,. .... v . -
PFAKivn ....
i ih Ht I th ,tudent of
Jv I ,,.. I -i"UHum scnooi to the
V-i? I ,tock yard on February
menatth one of the known
w. !, 'W'd:
WS at the SOUth Onihl mirV
feel that th 1 ""w
th more good th.r im a V theM T,8H" keP Up
set better acnuaint.ii .Y . f U cbance t0
.... . .... "iure stockmen of the
r tt... chance t0 Twt th.
greatest market center In the west and the third live
I;:"'"1 u' lo W01. Our interest, are mutual.
The better we become acquainted with each other the
"a d' " comm"' n.en prosper,
hen the stockmen of the state must prosper, and i
vjvEuieu nave nara luck It
for us.
means hard luck
"An education along the lines followed In n
Burnett's school is bound to be of great benefit tlit!
..... . i Vl ereai oeneiit to the
.. . " w i"lUiU me younger genera-
tlon how to raise better live stock and how to feed
w.u.u u, . more sausractory conclusion. They are also
teaching the future farmer how to raise more grain
on the same land than his father did. If the future
generation can raise more stock to feed and more feed
for the stock on the tnme land, it will do a great deal
toward cheapening the high cost of living which we
read so much about at the present time."
. Mr. Tagg's expression is typical of the thought of
all his fellows. The commission men at the South
Omaha market are very enthusiastic over the agricul
tural Bchool. They feel that the appropriations should
be Increased and the course of the student enlarged.
Mr. Tagg said that one of the things that Impressed
him most on the recent trip of the stockmen to Lin
coln was the carpenter and blacksmlthlng shops. "Any
one who has tried to farm realises (he immense bene
fit derived from being able to fix a lot of things right
at home Instead of having to drive to town to get the
mending done.
lick Vocation an.l Work Hard.
"I would Impress one thought upon the mind of
the student; that is to pick out the vocation that seems
to suit him best, study it from all sides and try to be
come proficient in that one line. Don't be satisfied
with raising as good stock as yonr neighbor, but try to
do better. Ralne the boat live stock you possibly can;
feed them along scientific lines. Then when you get
your stock to market yon will be much better satisfied
with your results and both yourself and the commis
sion men will be benefited."
Mr. Tagg also believes the annual visits of the short
course students of the Btate Agricultural school to the
South Omaha live stock market have been of great
value to all concerned. He thinks that for a number
of years these trips were looked upon by most of the
boys of the school as a sort of outing and happy con
clusion of their term. The last four years, however,
under the able direction of General Manager Pucklng
fcam of the Tnlon Stork Yards company, the trips have
been turned into more of an educational course. Mr.
Scientific
Buckingham has taken great pains to provide an en-
tertainment for the boys that would be both pleasant
and profitable.
They have been taken through the entire stock
yard8' ,hown how tne tock w handled In the yards
mil hnw ho oi.U.,. J j iL. . , ... .
- " Kn juubcu me atiierent Kinas
' "t0Ck ,n buy,ng- Later th bov taken to the
Pack,n houses, where they were shown how the stuff
was slaughtered and how It looVci h.j
was slaughtered and how It looked after It had been
aressed and ready for sale. Competent men have ex
plained to the students the value of different cuta of
meat and about what proportion of each kind ia con
tained In each carcass.
. Practical Demonstrations tiWen.
Care has been taken to provide suitable displays at
tb dlfferent Packing houses and demonstrations made
thRt WOUld glve the Btudent a tnorough knowledge of
th fininhi mim.i ni. h , . .
This has been of great impor
tance and a great help to the student of this short
course, who, upon the completion of the term of school,
goes back to the farm and country with a better Idea
of the kind of live stock to raise and feed the kind
which will make the most money.
"The information and the benefits gained from
these trips has not been altogether with the student,"
said Mr. Tagg. "Not long ago the commission men
and live stock interests of South Omaha made a re
turn visit to the agricultural school. Prof. Smith and
his asKlstant, Prof. Howard Gramlich, gave very in
teresting lecturea on the cattle and horses. Tbey gave
us a chance to look at stock which later took so many
prizes at the fat stock show in Chicago. We were
very much impressed with the size of the agricultural
farm as well as the good work being done there by the
different teachers. One of the delegation, who has
been buying cattle in the yards here for a number of
years,' expressed a desire to go and take a course of
instruction under Prof. Smith, as he believed him to
be one of the best posted men in that department In
the country. For moet of us the trip was a revelation.
I have spent most of my life in Nebraska and have
kept well posted on current events, but I little realised
wbat a great school for learning the agricultural col
lege is "
Good Understanding Established.
At this time a perfect understanding exists be
tween the men bo buy and slaughter stock and the
profeasors and students ot the state school. Tbey
know from experience and Investigation that their in
terest in the great live stock Industry Is interdepend
ent. They also know that this understanding and the
"team work" that necessarily follows will mean more
and more as the years go by to stock growers and the
men who make the market.
In the crowd of 250 students that visited the yards
last week the stockmen saw an unmistakable evidence
of a true appreciation of the greatness of the plant
that Is developing so fast within the confines Of Ne
braska. Among those students were a fairly large
proportion with very definite Ideas they desired to test
Agriculture
m
In th! visit, coming at the end of the seven weeka
course given at Lincoln. Said. Prof. Oramlich, writing
of the visit in The Twentieth Century Faimer:
"Their stock Judging work had taught them that
certain parts of the animal's body sell for much more
than others and that improvement means Increasing
the percentage of these hlgher-Driced Daxt. a 11 tvn
of animals and carcasses were inspected and the values
g,Ven 80 that they wero ab,e t0 form tnelr own conclu-
",on a8 to the importance of each part." As a great
manjr or tne t0a resident In the central and western
Parts of the state had never seen the sights of Packine.
town befor. H formed a highly Interesting trip to
them- esPc'y. It is specially gratifying to note that
under t)ia nrnfllaTi4 on. . .4 r- .
uiu6ciuom ui air. oucxingnam
the "tock yard" hav ben completely remodeled and
todajr rank a one o( tfae most up-to-date plants in the
wona."
Fast Work in Kllllns Hogg.
The porcine quadruped was followed from th
time he entered the plant on foot until he ended up
aown ceuar in the pork barrel. The rapidity with
which these animals were put through the mill was a
BurPrlse At the Cudahy plant, which is credited"
witn naving the best hog killing house in the world,
the butchers were killing 600 an hour.
Superintendent O'Hearn of the Armour plant had
arranged for a very complete meat-cutting demonstra
tion and the professors and students agreed this was
one of the greatest practical leseonB they had ever seen.
A high-class carcass and an inferior one were cut up
during the demonstration and the visitors had a chance
to see for themselves Just what proportion of bone and
of meat was in each carcass. Ordinary meat-shop cuts
were made, showing Just where each one comes from,
and prices on each were given. Superintendent
O'llenm said that high prices for retail meats today
are in part due to the demands of the people, one cause
being the necessity of delivering small purchases sev
eral miles, which me&ut the keeping cf delivery
wagons going all the time.
The killing and dressing of beet aroused a keen
Interest among the students, especially the work of the
Jewish rabbis who were preparing kosher meat for .
their people. The monster machines used to swing the
animals about and move them along from man to
man won commendation for their quick, sure work.
While each worker performed his own part with ex
pert alacrity, yet aome students held it doubtful if they
could slaughter and dress a beef any quicker Jbau the
average .farmer if they were to endeavor to do It all
themselves. In the coolers various grades of market
carcasses were on display, Illustrating the difference
between a good, fat carcass and a thin rancher, and
such extremes as one often sees In the cattle on foot.
Export carcasses were also displayed, showing the
grade of beef which he foreign consumer secures from
America, with the Omaha stamp on it.
Meat Canning Interested Students.
Prof. Gramlich said the meat canning process
proved to be one of the most interesting things seen.
For this purpose the carcasses of thin, old cows, com
monly known aa tanners, were stripped of flesh, this
being then cooked, ground up and placed In cans
labeled with various commercial brands. Many boys
and girls work In thla department and most of these
young workers receive from 12 H cents to 16 cents per
hour. The odors from the tin soldering and the fumes
the torches were very strong and student were
of
Get Practical Pointers
heard to say "Me for the farm" on various occasions
while passing through.
Much attention was given by the boys to govern
ment inspection. They learned from the experts in
charge just where tuberculosis lesions were found and
these men also gave the symptoms of hog cholera,
pneumonia and other diseases. Figures kept showed
that nearly 3 per cent of the hogs slaughtered were
affected with tuberculosis.
Watched Work In Yards.
Out in the yards where the cattle are placed be
fore sale the students had a chance to learn the
methods in use every day for the selling of the stock
to buyers by the commission men. They could not fail
to observe in these surroundings the very great advan
tage held by the careful, wise stockgrower who alms
to bring to market animals that will be something bet
ter than the ordinary. Experts from the various
houses doing business at the yards gave lessons in
Judgment .and sizing up of values that must have im
pressed the students these men know their business.
In the sheep barn sheep were being sold and sorted
and an idea of range sheep was secured. The mam-
moth new barn and dipping plant make it easily pos-
Bible for 80,000 head to be yarded and dipped during
the range season, when South Omaha receives lta
heaviest run.
A horse sale was also in progress during the after
noon and many of the future horsemen sought this as
a place to glean a few facts on how to sell a horse a
minute. One very choice team of 1,800-pound geld
ings weut through the ring at 1640, a price not often
reached this winter
Under the plans made by Mr. Buckingham, the stu
dents divided Into parties of about thirty, and each
group was in charge cf a guide and an Instructor.
Thus everyone had the opportunity to see the modus
operandi both outdoors and Inside under the best pos
sible circumstances.
Exchange of Felicitations.
It was at the banquet served in the Exchange din
ing hall that tb true meaning of such trips was
brought out the establishment of a better and closer
touch between the stock growers of the state and the
stock yards men. "Jack" Walters was toastmaster
and he gave opportunity to be heard to men like W. B.
Tagg, Bruce McCulloch, Jay Laverty. Captain Park
hurst and Prof. H. R. Smith, the efficient head of the
animal husbandry department of the State School of
Agriculture. The short addresses of these men were
full of meat for the thoughtful student, dealing as they
did with the need of deeper study and better education
on the part of everyone Intending to engage profitably
In modern agriculture. The fact was forcefully brought
out that a very heavy percentage of the best beef stock
coming to the South Omaha market is from farms
where students of the state college are located, or from
neighborhoods where they have bad a chance to advise
with the stockgrowers. The fine points of production
and the strong points of profitable feeding have been
talked continually by these students and graduates,
and the stockmen feel that when a few yeart more
have passed, so that graduate of the sohool will be
more thickly spread through the state. Nebraska
should come pretty, close to leading the great stock
growing states of the country.
McCulloch Talks Optimistically.
Bruce McCulloch, editor of th Journal-Stockman,
commenting on th visit ot th students, said:
It is Indeed a pleasure t see the character of th
young men who ar taking advantag of th course
of study In agriculture offered by our State university.
It Is an evidence that the younger generation of farm
ers Is not content to plod along In the old way; that
the young men who come from tl9 farms and ranches
of the west understand and appreciate the fact that
in this day a farmer must be something more than a
mere tiller of the soil; he must bring to his aid all
the science, all the skill, all the intelligence that is
required by successful business men in other lines.
"Nebraska Is primarily, in fact almost exclusively,
an agricultural and stock-raising state, and our wise
men, by founding, equipping and encouraging the
School of Agriculture have said in effect that agricul
ture is, and must always be, the chief source of our
wealth. Mines and manufactures, shipping and Ash
ing may make other states rich and prosperous, but
the wealth and prosperity of Nebraska must come
from her wonderfully fertile soil and kindly climate.
All that science and experience has to teach the world
must be at the disposal of our young men to the end
that these marvelous agricultural resources can be
developed to their utmost.
"Modern education has had a tendency to take the
boys and girls away from the farm until the problem
of restoring the equilibrium between the population
of our cities and our farms is becoming very serious.
Much of this cityward tendency has been due to the
ceaseless drudgery of the farm and the lack of recrea
tion and social advantage. The large atendanca at
our grlcultural schools means that a better day Is
dawning for the farm. Better methods mean better
returns, and In this day and age of electricity there
la no longer any excuse for the utter isolation of the
farmer and his family. The soil is the chief asset
not only of our state, but of our nation, and every
patriotic citizen must rejoice at this evidence that
some of the best young blood of the state is getting
ready to go 'back to the farm' prepared to make the
soil in reality as well as in theory 'the hope of the
nation.'
Must Combine Business With Work.
"There Is one phase of the farmer's education that
Las been ead'.y larking in the past, and that many of
our agricultural schools have been trying to em
phasize, and that Is the business side. In thla day
and age the farmer must be a good business man; he
must study business methods with a view to applying
them to bis farming operations. The elements of
profit and losa enter Into farming operations as much
as Into any other business, and the farmer must be
able to take intelligent and careful account ot th
'business' side of running his farm.
"With rich soil, a growing population, expanding
markets and advancing farm values, many men hav
become wealthy, not by good farming, but In spite of
poor farming. Every year, however, th margin of
profit grows less and unless there Is a corresponding
decrease In preventable losses there can be no ques
tion as to the final result. For this reason It is neces
sary to make use of the most up to date methods ot
fsrmlng and to take intelligent account of them th
same as any other business man.
"Of course, It Is always easy for a city man to tell
a farmer how to run his farm, but th fact remalai
- that In every business of any magnitude the profit hat
been more In th saving of th by-products than In
th sal of th products. Thla is so of agriculture
In the east or across th water, and it la becoming
equally true of farming in th more generous west.
With better farming and better business methods on
the farm the problem of the urbsn tendency of popu-
latloa will never becom acut In Nebraska."