Appearance of the New Jerusalem at the Present Time
4 '
i.
t ;
t r
,r
... f
: "rvi J
. - 1 i
ill; .
.r
I ..... .
r
v
s ' I '.
) ! '
; ... --
'i'i i
.J ...
... . . - .
'-: I
.1 ! : '. ?
. . MtJt -Z . . V. t 4
J. "
VCopyrlght, 1910, by Frank a. Carpenter.)
tB RU SALE M Special Corre-
of The lice.)
city Is
built together;
I a uuiu ii'i ittw ma 1 1 1 1 ui.
. .. . -. j u ne inDH oi um no uaiui i.
1 mm dnUDAiiL
r?r 3J Compactly
'l ni words from one of the Psalms were
" wiltUn of the Jeruaalera of Pavld. They
Ultly dencrlbe the Jerimalem of today. The
4Ioly City of 1910 covers twice as mucli
space as it did when I was hero twenty
tVears ao. It tias doubled In slxe and it
ha now between W,W and lOO.OOO people.
t)n 1S8 the moet of the Inhabitants were
crowded toKether Inside the walls. They
i&re M crowded still, but to the north, south
'nd est larg-e Jewish settlements have
"-ftprunx up, and among and beyond them
'iav beea built aroat hospices, hospltls,
Sr3euvents, cathedrals and hotels, so that the
Jfelty outside the walls almost equals the ,
'population of that within. The new build
ings have extended to. the Mount of Olives,
lnd they are working their way toward the
Nct aloof the road to Jaffa.
tl Jerusalem Wilkin tbe Malls.
The quotation I have given relates to the
t1-ruM.lem within the walls. It is as com-
Jbact today aa it was when David lived, and
Vven In those later times when It is said
l.o have had 1,000,000 and more population.
pt doubt the estimates, although history
States the fact. We can set some idea of
M.he real situation by climbing to the top
"t David's Tower. This Is built on the
''llghest part of Mount ZIon, which over-
ooks Jerusalem. We are now far above
rj.be city, and we can see the country on all
Sides. The town lies In a nest In the moun
tains on the edge of a plateau, which falls
jtt Into the valley of Kedron and the valley
)t lilnnom, and beyond which rises the
glount of Olives. The walls run right along
gjhe edges of these valleys, climbing iu hill
jnd down, and then luuking their way
ibout the Irregular plateau , upon which
.lafUHlom ftlanric until thau ami nln h.r.
nlit the Jaffa gate. Jerusalem is rolling. It
Its mode up of hill and hollow and probably
t,fvaa chosen as the site of the capital of
tifudeav on account of tho gorges ubout It by
etvhloh It could be the more easily defended
p)u case of a siege.
c Standing upon the towrr we face the
tMount of Olives with It convents aud
' , emples. The Uarden of Oethsemane at
: ts base is out of sight, but we can see
ctthe temple platform which lias Just above
ait bu this side of the valley. That great
tfiulldlng with the beautiful dume is the
' : dosque of Omar, where the Mohammedans
kworshlp. The temple platform is sur
tfeounded by walls. It contains thirty-Tlve
icrea and belongs to the Turks.
H $
X Like Itus Di)i,
' Betwoon us and the temple is what seems
ike a mass of stone boxes piled one upon
tnuther lu all sorts of Irregular shapes. If
will look at the back of any large
and see' the goods boxes plied up
liere you may have some idea of how
"iiuclj, of Jerusalem appears fioru Mount
''.Ion. The hoaxes have no chimneys and
"fl'elr stone roofs are flat. Out of the roofs
'ut little domes like old-fashioned bee
hives. There are many of these domes,
Ind If the town were on a level It would
not unlike a meadow at harvest time,
Vltb the haycocks rising here and there
verit
j? The material of the buildings is a yellow
limestone, quarried from under the city.
t is the same material that Solomon inn,
aid some of the quarries are still knu.vn
jS Solomon's quarries. There Is practically
uio wood here. The framing and doors have
M be carried up from the sea. They used
o come on the backs of camels, but they
now transported by rail.
Among the common houses are many
'hurches of one kind or other. Right under
s Is the great building of the Holy Sepul-
14
her, which stsnds over the spot where it
s said our Ua1or Was crucified, farther
ver la a church recently ejected by the
JSermans, and here and there ate many
-real huepltals, convents and monasteries
ullt of white limestone.
! Now look at the streets! you can hardly
,ee Uiem as we stand on the tower. They
re narrow and winding and some are built
.ver, so that going through them Is like
latsliig through tunnels or subterranean
t-aves.
(
J3
A t'llr ( tare Dwellers.
ci; Indeed, Jerusalem ts a city of cave dwell
fata. Many of the stores and houses are
guttle more than holes In the rocks. I
plaited a native Inn yesterday right In the
4HVxi f the city. It conalHted of a series
f vaulted chambers, which looked much
g ke cavea. In one cave were four donkeys,
awo camels and a party of liedoulna In
nnother were a dosen Jews from tiamarla,
artiid In the third ware some men and their
framels, who had Just come from beyond
Mhe Jordan. Many of the dwellings are
Pfirre holes la the walla, and outside the
taf'wn are a number of cave in which peo-ft-le
live. There are probably caves under
j,erua.lom. The ctty is founded upon the
f iemalns of the Jerusalems of the past, and
ji.e excavations have unearthed houses and
we:np!ea far below the streets of the present.
0l'hm original floor and court of the houses,
c whlua Pontius Pilate exsndned the
li'hrigt ! below the level ofhe present
atity. and mosaics and marbles, including
arv1nga of various kinds and Greek and
laTD.a oapitala and oolumas, are frequently
litund. when digging tile foundations for
fc,rectlDg new buildings.
ai There are many cavea outside Jerusalem,
bi'he tonbs of the king on the edge of
pim city have been cut from the solid rock,
fc.ud some of them are so large that a
,.ty house could te dropped into o e and
t.,t touob lha walls. Aa exoavatloa of the
U
Pool of Bethesda has shown that It la
eighty feet deep, and that It covers nearly
an acre. Right under the temple platform
are enormous caverns, known as Solomon's
.talleg, and near there is a ppace honey
combed with vast tank, which will hold
millions of gallons C water.
At the Jaffa Uat.
' But let us go down from the tower and
take a walk through the crowd. We are
at the Jaffa gate, which leads to the rail
road station, a half mi In from the wails.
It Is alho at the end of the roads to Beth
lehem, Hebron and Jaffa, and is the main
business gate -of the city. It is always
thronged, and Uie people who go in and
out come from all parts of the world.
They are of all colors, blacks, browns, yel
lows and whites, and they number a dosea
different nationalities front the nearby
parts of Asia, Kurope and Africa. Her
comes a donkey led by a, fat Turk In a
yellow gown and red turban. He is bare
footed and the Iwast is loaded with wood
which he Is bringing Into the city for sale.
The wood is the roots of olive trees and
his donkey load is worth 25 cents. He is
stopped by the customs officer and pays
a tax of 8 cents at the gate. Behind hiin
comes a porter with a bag half as big
as a hogshead fastened to the small of
his back. Inside the bag is a basket filled
with the flat cakes which form the bread
of the city.
Now turn to the right and look at that
Syrian Bedouin who Is riding a gray
Arabian pony. He sits as straight aa a
telegraph pole and looks with fierce eye
at our party. He has a gun. on his back
and his head Is covered with a great yel
low handkerchief, bound round with
strands of hair rope as thick as your
wrist Behind hi in come three camel
laden with the oranges of Jaffa. Kach
beast has a cartload of the great yellow
balls in the two crates which hang over
his back, and he grumbles and whines as
hi barefooted driver drags him along by
siring tied to his nose.
As we look we see the figures of the Old
and New Testaments crowding around us.
There are ptas&nts who might have been
among the disciples, and gray-bearded men
who would pass for Abraham, Isaac and
Jacob. We see boys with coats of many
colors, which remind us of Joseph, and
shepherds driving sheep into market who
probably came from the very plains near
Bethlehem where similar Bhepherds were
watching their flocks when the star first
apptaretL
A Look at the Girls.
It us take a sent with Uiue Syrians
on the iKirch of that coffee house outside
the gate and make further sketches of
those who go in. Here comes two figures
dresned all in white. They look like walk
ing bed ticks bound around at the middle
or better like the ghoats of a sheet and
pillow case party. They are Mohammediin
women. It is aguinst their religion for
them to go out unveiled, and they have
wrapped their bodies In sheets, the folds
of which they hold close together over their
faces, leaving only a crack by wnich to
pick their way through Uie crowd.
Behind them is a girl with bare face,
Hhe wears a round cap which extends a
fool ubove her rosy brown forehead. Her
gown Is a gray cheiuiso which falls al
most to her, feet and has a wide hem of
embroidery of red and blue silk. That is
a Bethlehem maiden, and the shawl she
wears was probably made by her own
hands for ?ier wedding. Such shawls are
much prised by tourists and the best of
them bring fcs apiece In the stores.
But here are some women in long coats
aud high boots. They l ave calico kowiih
under their coats which reach half way
down the culf. Their heads are covered by
handkerchiefs and their faces are bronsed
by the sun. Kach has a staff in her baud
and a bag on her back, 'and she is tramp
ing along at the rate of four miles an hour.
They are dusty und dirty and they look
weary and worn. They are peasant women
from liussla who have come here as pil
grims, and who a.'e making their way
from shrine to shrine. They have' tramped,
this morning out to Bethlehem and to
morrow will likely be on their way to tbe
Jordan.
Around Ike Wells.
Let us start here at the Jaffa gale and
make a trip around the walls of Jerusa
lem. 1 have tramped about them on foot
and have ridden round upon donkeys.
Borne of the walls which still stand were
laid up by Solomon, others were erected
by Herod the Oreat. who built Davids
tower, and others by Agrlppa only a few
yeais after Christ s death.
We walk across the road leading to
Bethlehem, down which the wise men of
the east rode on their way to the birth
place of the Savior, und picking our steps
through a caravan of camels lying there,
climb a road which led up the slope of
Mount ZIon. There Is a moat ut the foot
of tne lower, which la lvjo feet wide and
SO feet deep, and the wall nf perhaps
lit) feet ubove this. There are olive trees
between the road and the walls and as
we go we see ragged donkeys feeding
among tbem. Now we have passed the
moat and come close to the wail. Its
lower portions are about lou) years old,
but the stones are as firm as when they
were laid. The upper layers are of square
aud oblong blocka They were repaired
centuries since and are laid In white
mortar.
Li ' .1
I! ' -i i
l s i -,.V'
fir-
1
5 ,
fr 7 inr"- -
ill r"- i 1 1
ir- ii i til
I. " " r ' -Ji H I
31 -f'l
iwpiwi M I'M' , mmWP iljJliillns
( S
f . :
t
7
tv--
r )
J iV;.'
- t
k r'" j. """
4
. 4 i
- J, ' f
. .. -
Vfr' .",'4
i I
. S.
A . Iff M '
-lv..
4
'..Vi n ! '-i
- , ,K
I : v ' K i
- I 1
' J
i
9 i a M
O '-O' fc Go Arouxjd the. Wall dpott Dohele5 "
w w m m r
- l;V '
i "... i r
ftf
Swl Gme, SfloTOra New Ciocr Towek o o
& Tbh Yall or 5erusali:tvt o-
men stationed there on tbe outlook for
the enemy.
A tittle beyond David' tower, almost
hugging the walls, Is a great church be
longing to the Germans. It is still in
process of construction and when com
pleted It will command a view over the
wbole of Jerusalem. The site was given
to the kaiser of Germany by the sultan,
and he holds the deed to It. A part of
the church yard Is the American ceme
tery, which was sold by our consul. It Is
now filled with barrel of building ma
terial and lime and mortar cover the
excavation where American Christians
once lay. The soillni; of the cemetery'
caused, great excitement among the Ameri
cans at Jerusalem and the American colony
here protested against the removal of their
dead, which they say wait done after dark.
The bodies were taken up and carried to
the English cemetery.
Continuing the ride on our donkeys, we
hug Uie wall looking down Into the Valley
of Hlnnom until we oome to ZIon . gate,
and a little further on to the Dung gate,
below which In tbe Valley of Jehosophat
lies the .tool of Si loam, where Christ cured
the blln man by applying moist clay to
his eyes. At the ZIon gate a group of
lepers are begging. They are ragged and
filthy and they hold out the stumps of
their hands asking for alms. It was on
the Inside of this gate that the house of
Calphas stood, where Peter three times
denied that he was one of the disciple
of Christ, whereupon the cock crowed.
We see chicken scratching In the earth
outside the wall as we go by, and as we
look at the gardens on the slopes of Kedron
or Jehosophat observe that the land Is still
rich. There are cows away down In the
valley and the bees are buzzing on the
cacti and wild flowers on the slopes. The
Holy Land Is still one of milk and honey.
The villages near Jerusalem have dairies
which supply excellent butter, and the
honey, which Is largely made of orange
Special
i , . ' - t
i - f i ' ft ' r
et
"TV
i
n Mil
r"
ii.' -nl;
i t
5
J
A CAR fULL or Lt&TEjmW TO
thc flea ran better hogs at rrouc
The A merle a. Cewtery.
Going onward, we pas tower after tower
running fifteen or twenty feet out from the
wall and rising five or six feet above It.
The walla are thick and the towers were
probably used for the archer and watcn
VKH 2.U00 people a day thronged
Ol around the Rock Island hog
I special during its two weeks'
trip tnrougb lowa. There were
seven cars on the train, making
a place for the men, women and
children. This is the first time that the
women and ehildren have been given a
share in the spe-ial trains, and they
showed by their numbers that they ap
preciated It. x N
The first and second cars were given over
to tho men. Here R. K. Bliss of the exten
sion department at Ames and George God
frey, an Ames graduate who Is raising
hogs In northern lowa. preached the gospel
of hog culture. Bliss was raised on a hog
farm, and both he and Godfrey are practical
enough to suit the most critical farmer.
"It Isn't any use to talk to a crowd of
Iowa farmers about selecting brood sows,"
says Godfrey. -You all know the kind of
a sow you want the long, deep-'oodied,
motherly type that will present you with a
.basketful of pigs when farrowing time
comes. It's better to let someone else have
the short, pretty sows that think they're
doing well If they raise twins.
"But I do w ant to say Just a word about
taking care of the sow. In the flrBt place.
I want you to stand the boar Just like you
would a horse. Keep track of the date of
breeding, so you will know when to expect
the pigs next sprlug. When they come you
will be ready for them and the sow will
have a better place than the manure pile
or the corner of the cattle shed."
Fe4 far the Sum.
"Don't feed the sow too much corn. By
that I don't mean to starve ber to death.
r
f
I do mean to
feed something
else with the
corn. There are
only eight
pounds of bone
and muscle
making mate
rial in a hun
dred pounds of
corn. No sow
can develop a
strung, healthy
litter of pigs
without enough
of the rlcht
kind of feed
to do it with.
Some of tlje
supplern entil
by-products ar
all right, but
they come high.
1 f you J.av.j
some good
clover or al
falfa bav It
isn't necessary
to :end money
for by-product feedstufts. Chop up the hay,
wet it and give It to the sows. You may
think I'm trying to Jolly you by talking
about feeding the sows hay. I thought so
the first time I heard about It. But Just
try It. You will be surprised at the amount
they will eat.
"Provide good shelter at farrowing time,
not because you love the old sow so well,
but because It is a sane businens proposi
tion. The hog bouse doesn't need to be
ail Hun u fancy. The sow doesn't care for
3 -V
uplwilhteitd furniture. The
three requirements of a good
hog houae are dryness, light
and ventilation without
dcafts. I'm not here t.j
quarrel with any of you men
who like the centralized I104
house. If It a giving good
satisfaction. tlieu it's the
rx at type of bog house for
you.'
(Continued on Pago pour)
4l
' r
t
too fiA&r jvj '.rie cjuzt v
blossoms. Is deridou. It ! served f er
day at all the hotels, and 1 usually In the
liquid form rather than the comb.
The slopes of the valley of Jehosophat
are now spotted with red. Thousand of
popple and anemone grow upon the
ridges between the garden and the peas
ants are working the crops. They .us
plenty of fertilizer and, strange to say,
the most of that which come from the
city Is taken out through the dung gate.
It may be from this that It had It name,
t Is a great square hole In the wall just
large enough for men and beast to pass
In and out. It Is not far from the tempi
platform and within a stone' throw of
the Jews' waiting place.
The Foundation of Solomon' Tempi.
The southeastern corner of the walls of
Jerusalem and, indeed, a la,rge portion of
the eastern walls are a part of the plateau
upon which Solomon's temple once stood.
In almost the middle of Urn eastern slds
of the temple is what is known as the
golden gate. It has been walled up and
the Mohammedans say it will not be
opened until the judgment day. A Utile
further on, at the corner of the temple,
la Bt. Stephen's gate, which some suppose
was the place where tit. Utephen was
stoned. Another legend is that the placu
of the stoning was near the Grotto of
Jeremiah, In Solomon's quarries, farther
along around the walls. The tradition It
that, Stephen was here brought to the
brow of the hill and thrown over a preci
pice. His hands were tied and after fall
ing heavy blocks of stone were rolled
down upon htm from the brow of the hill.
The walls near the temple are among
the flrBt that were built. They are In fine -condition
today, parts of them having been
recently repaired. The stones arc of br.ght
yellow limestone laid In white mortar.
Those at the bottom, which were laid up
by Solomon, are of enormous sise, one
being about fifty feet long and about fif
teen feet high and evldtntly cut from the
bed rock upon which the wall stands.
Kight ut th( temple the walls rise al
most precipitously from the valley of
Jehosophat, and I judge they are 1U0 feet
high. The walls are In excellent condition
throughout. The towers are almost per
fect, und, although the vegetalion Is grow
ing In the cracks, the most of the wall
looks comparatively new.
The Plllur of Judgment.
A curious feature of the walls of Jeru
salem Is a stone block as big around as
a flour barrel which extends out from
that part above which the temple stand
to a distance of perhaps fifteen feet This
block or pillar hangs right over the rocky
valley of Jehosphut wltli the Mount of
Olives rising up Its opposite side. Ac
cording to the belief of llie Mohammedans,
it will be upon this pillar that Mahomet
will sit at the day of judgment, and Christ
will have 11m scat on the opposite aid
of the valley. There will be a fine wlr
stretched from tho pillar across to the
mountain, and upon this wire all mankind
must walk on its way to eternity. As the
people of the various religions go those
who believe In Mohammedanism will be
upheld by the angels and will reach safely
the oppo.-ltp side, whence Ihey will ascend
Into heaven. The others will drop down
Into tl.e valley and perish.
Jenlsh uad Mohammedan Omctarlrs,
There are cemeteries for both the Jews
and Mohammedans not far from the tem
pi! outride the walls. The Mohammedan
cemetery hugs the walls above the temple.
It Is Just opposite the Garden of Geth
semane and It includes also the Place of
the Hkull where General Gordon has lo
cated the site of Calvary. This side Is
now surrounded by wall and fence, and
Christians are not permitted to enter It,
Within it Is the grotto where Jeremiah I
said to have written his lamentations, and
not tar away, near the Damascus gate, ai
Solomou's quarries.
t'KANK O. CAKPENTEU.