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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (July 3, 1910)
D THE OMAHA St.'XDAY P.KK: JULY 1010. India is Undergoing a General Awakening; Mohammedans Active fcl What would happen If the British should trying: to handle it seriously." leave and the government be given over to the native? What are the causes of Hie unrest and hat can be done to allay it? These are some of the big questions die cussed here below the Httnulaya mountains on the other side of the globe. Let mo give you a stray talk or so which I have had with, British officials concerning them. My first conversation was with the former pri vate secretary of the viceroy. Colonel Dun lop Smith. Every one who knows anything of the India of today knows him. He has been connected with the civil service for a quarter of v-entury and Is acquainted with the people and the country from Tibet to Ceylon, i When I asked him as to the awak ening of Asia he replied: "There la no doubt but that Asia is1 fast day of one of tho viceroy's cabinet. Hiking up. The whole continent Is on its replied: "test. ' I have seen signs of its rising for -The Must of our troubles come from years, and 'now these signs are so evi- the educated Hindoos, although many of dent that he who runs can read them. You them are still loyal to the government, catl it an awakening. Other people,call it As to the Mohammedan, they are corn unrest. But call it what you please, there paratlvely quiet, but they want a greater' is undoubtedly a change going on in tho sharp in the administration of affairs, intellectual conditions of this part of the They ure not in favor of any changes World. Ton can see it In Japan, Persia, which might put the Hindoo on horseback, China, and Turkey. It is so here, and that and they foar that if a representative gov wlth almost every class of our people, eminent should bo instituted the enormous India,' as you know, Is a world. It is a numbers of the Hindoos would give them land of . many countries and many lau- the majority of the offices. You have, of guiiges. There l.v as much difference be- course, read of La J pat BaJ, the anti-govcrn-fween' the native of the Punjab and the nient agitator whom wo had to ship out of Behgaiii as there Is between the Swede and tho country. the; Italian, the American and the Turk. -ue was a native lawyer, a student of I H . . .."IT j&&A!l J :---..-:- :.-.., ; TV.: - f T J ! - : -v v;: strM'iZz iM l fM -'' 0 mjr y-z : ill "Our trouble comes ikoh the I Th&Mo'hamiiiedaiLS Want . d. 3har? m Q-CovFrgrmiit .Copyright. 1910. by Frank G. Carpenter..) our population might have done, but they Hindoos, and especially for th ..n . ALCUTTA. lM0.-(Special Cone- Ked as thougii they had the light to asl: Hindoos who are called the Babu. " spondence of The BeM-nni im uie expectation that theifx claims India break away from Great ouiu be granted. Since that time this feel- If John Bull Lett India f Britain? ltlK 1,HS grown. !t has spread, anil we are "isuppose the British should leave? What Can the :kW,OuO,000 Hindoo., Mo- now having demands of various kinds from would be the result?" bammedana and others in- the representative native: of all parts of "There Is no danger of that." was the hahlt it unite in a rebellion? India. The situation Is serious, and we are reply. "We could not leave if we would Hindoos ami Mohammedans. "But can the Hindoos nnd the Moham medans work together? And will they do ko?" "I think not." was the reply. "Neither trusts the other. We have three times as many Hindoos as Mohammedans. There are Ufi.OuO.OOO Mohammedans and about L'OO. OuO.OuO Hindoos. The Mohammedans are afraid that they would lope In any such combination. One reason is the Hindoos are so much in the majority, and another is that their better education and fitness of mind would give them the advantage in any governing body where an educational qualification might be required." I aked this same question later In the He una is a pari or our share of the, white man's burden, and we must carry it, what ever the cost." "But suppose?" "If We should take our army out of the country -.and give the rule io the natives the result would be anarchy. The country would be flooded with blood and the very people who are denouncing us would be tho first to die. The Mohammedans would attack the Hindoos. They would rush down from the Punjab and capture' Bengal. The Afghans would march over tho border and take back the valley of Peshawar, which wo have wrested from them, and the war like Nepaleso would loot the Bengalis. The nlzani of Hyderabad would thjrow bis armies into the struggle and there would be a score of great forces warring upon one another, to say nothing the feuds between tribes. At tho time; of the mutiny in 1867 many of the native chiefs took advantage of the occasion to settle their long lime feuds. Jr. "These people treasure injuries from generation to generation and they grasp at such time, to continue . tho vendettas sworn by their ancestors. . There would be religious wars and caste wars, family wars and wars of private grievances.' The Hin doos would be ground down by the Moham medans and robbed right and left. The Mohammedans are far the braver as fight ing men,' and they would welcome the strug gle.. Indeed, the honors of such a situa tion cannot bo described. The rest of the world couid not let it continue. We should lie denounced fop having fled from the X "3 -il X steel. This country has mineral resomttt which have never been exploited. No one knows what we have. Take our coal. Only a few years ago the people sneered at ths oal of Bengal and said it was of no value. We exported more than 2.000,01)0 tons of that coal last year, and during that time our output was almost 10,000,000 torn. We have a coal field at Bokaro which covers 200 square miles and is supposed to contain 1.M0 million tons of available coal. In the Karanpura fields there are something like nine billion tons, and we have other de posits of considerable, value. We have Iron not far from the coa!, nnd steel works are now being put up with, native capital to manufacture with native Iron and native ore. Within a short time we shall be mak ing steel rails for our East Indian roads. Theie is no reason why we should not make our own . hardware and develop In dustries along other lines." t India a 1'arlnK Proposition. "Does Great Britain get much out of Jndlu. Sir Edward?" I asked. "The most of the money you collect in tajtes is spent here. Is It not?" "Yes. the most of tho taxes go back to the country and are used for it Improve of India, your excellency. Suppose you nienl anj development. Nevertheless, the were not controlled by Great Britain,, but jndn.cct advantages which accruo from our that you had the same armies and the connection with India are enormous. Our same administrative machinery tnat jou traJo yi, India amounts to hundreds of IGi Sib. Edward BakF LIEUT.-Gov OFEUAi7 LPAT "HAL THE. OTI GOVERMfilTT ITATOB- ' on religion," Colonel Smith continued. is supposed to be fomented by tho Hindoos, but It is prevalent among the Mohamme dans as well. One of the leading Moham medans of the north came to my office In the midst of the war between the Japai.ewe and the Russians. He referred to Jinan's victories and significantly said ;Uat they meant much for India. When that war was ever we received deputations of Mohainr ir.edans who claimed certain rights aa mansion at tho end of the Maldan, oppo- question other power would rush In and take novae. was direct. Said I: Does your excellency tnniK xne uay untH nwKiieiiiiis, ib nut uuiitiucu iu mil iiic (juiwsi ul xj&iiuic, wiiu ueueveu 111 ,i.iu 1 , , 1, .1 , -r It India for Indians. He was an elouuent fel- --'"""' '"Pen us; and aonie " !". 1..... ..... ..11 x . i. - t, 1..., . 1 . luiv itim luuiu mil up 1110 ntiiuuus, uul ston he could not Impress the Mohammedans. I once heard him make an incendiary speech at Lahore. His audience was a mixed body of Mohammedans arid' Hindoos. He was denouncing the British, ' and de manding that India should be governed by natives. Upon tiiat a Mohammedan in the crowd cried out: 'When we want a new ruler wo von't chose a banya (tradesman) privileges. - They did not get dwn on thoir like you. We would rather have the Brlt khees with their hands folded In the attl- ish." Well, that Is the feeling of the Mo- tude of prayer, as some other classes of hammcdans. They have no use for the rules many millions of the most turbulent kept the United States as a part of . : : : ; : J element among the Hindoos, as well as of British empire had . we handled you other races. properly. We all know that we made a I met him in the lieutenant governov' mistake then. We regret it and we will not make another. Personally I think the United States would be far better off One or John Bull's I.eiaona. Along this same line 1 have talked with Sir Edward N. Baker, the lieutenant gov ernor of Bengal. Sir Kdward has spent his whole llfo In India and has held all sorts of positions, gradually rising until he Is now, near the top. He was financial secre tary of the viceroy during the last adminis tration, and as governor of Bengal he noi the will ever come when the British will give up this country?" "No," was the emphatic reply, "and we could not if we would. Our present policy is to so govern the people that they will be more and more loyal to us. We are trying to do that. We appreciate the rights of the native and respect them. ' You see, we have learned some lessons from our troubles over certain of our colonies 'In the past. We might have the than It . Is If it were one of our colonies. We should then have a great Anglo-Saxon combination which could dictate the policy of the world." To this I did not reply. But a Japanese expression crept into my mind. It was: "It is to laugh." Protective Tariff In India. My conversation with the lieutenant governor of Bengal here drifted toward finance, upon which he Is an authority in the far east. Said I: "Suppose you were the absolute ruler have today, what would you do to bet ter the condition of these people?" "I would give' them a protectlvo tariff. I would encourage the establishment of factories and favor them In every way as to the making of goods for India In competition with those of Europe, Japan and other parts of the world. What In dia needs Is Industrial development, and a protective tariff would bring that about. As it Is we are tied up by the manu facturing Industries of Great Britain. We can levy no duties to speak of upon our imports of cottons. -.Ye once had a tariff, of 5 per cent, but the Manchester mill iien objected, saying that it ruined their trade. They demanded that an ex cise duty be added to equalize our com petition, and the result was that the duty was reduced by 2a per cent, that amount being levied 011 all goods made in India. Ijo you wonder that the natives object? A protective tariff would foster our industries and we could in time build up a mighty Industrial empire." Intlln'a t'onl n ml Iron. "Could you do this along other lines than the textiles?" "Yes. There is no reason why India should not inakex everything in Iron and millions of pounds every year ana is pro fitable. Another tiling we have through this connuction is tlio support of a large standing army. Wo have over 200,000 troops, of whom more than two-thirds are natives. All this Is, supported by the taxea, and it gives the mother country , r fighting force which Is always kept In good train ing and which can be shipped anywhere upon the shortest notice. At the time of the Eocr war our East Indian soldiers were among tho firfct on tfie field." Vatlvea anil the Inreaf. "You have been in India over thirty year. Has the condition of the natives Improved?" "Vs, they are far better off than thy were when I came. They get higher wages. They huvo more to eat and more comforts. Their houses are better. When I first came most of them were roofed with thatch. Many now have roofs of tiles. Altogether the people are much better off." ' "About how many are there In the prov inces you govern?" I asked. "Something like e4.fc00.0C0." "What Is Ua-lr condition as to the unrest? Bengal H supposed to be the place in which the most trouble lies." (Continued on Page Three.) ,4 ; V f :.,:i.::x'0:i; v;: : '';!.' $' '' i- y-. . ' . :'t.:- v.. ':'."!" ; ' !; V'-' "'Sr-:1'' ' ...... ; W.. ... , A 1 O. II. OI.SEN, Capitol Contractor. .1113 new slate capltol of South Pakota, which was dedicated to the use of the state by formal ceremonial formalities on Thurs- I'.lVti I day, will stand as a monument Vi i 11 ii to the capltol commission, and to he men who have been actively en gaged In the work for the last ttiree years. It Is the wonder of all who see It. not so much oil account of its general appearance, but 'for the fact that the men who have been interested, have been able to secure a structure of such commanding appearanoo arnd ; la teilor beauty for the amount of money which. the legislature allowed them -for that purpose. It stands out pre-eminently It not public structure which has been: built. "on. honor" and without anyone getting anything out of the appropriation (or hlmseir. With but $000,000 on which ;o work, the commission has secured a struc ture which will compete with any In the ?6untry in appearance externally and in Its jttarlor . decoratkir.s. In kpeaklng of tho juilalng. Kdward H. Blaahfleld. the New Cork mural painter. 'who has doao mural noil, for many of the governmeut building It the national capital, and fo' numerous it.ato aavltv'- over the country, said; "in " ' V truth, I 11m amazed at what you people have accomplished with tho appropriation at their command. Whllo your building docs not contain the costly marbles and other materials which aro used In the more expensive capitols of eastern states which eon millions, your building, both In Its exterior appearance and especially In tho interior finishings, will compare favorably with any of the capitols of the country, and, In fact, it is ahead of many of them In the harmonious and artistic finishing Ahlch you have secured." Whllo tho membership of the capltol com- . mission has changed with changing state Mflclnls since the beginning of the work, ihe principal part of the construction has been under the supervision of the present :ommiss!on, consisting of Governor Kobert (!. Vessey. Secretary Snmucl C. Polley, Auditor John Honing and State Land Com missioner O. C. Dokken. They havo de voted much time and attention to secure the best It was possible for the state to tecure for the money at their command, nd have devoted a great deal of personal '.line and attention to the details of the work and may well take pride In what they have secured. In their work they received the hearty accord of Contractor O. H. Olsen, Super? visor Samuel 11. Ia, Architect C. 13. Bell, and liecorator William G. Andrews, who were apparently as much Interested In (jiv ing the people of the state goocf work and an artistic building in which the state could take pride, as were the representa tives of the state In securing such a struo turt. The building is constructed of brown sandstone for the first story, with the rest of Bedford limestone, end Is over 30t feet in uxtreine length, and or.e-ttilrd that in width In the central portion. It stunds on a commanding eminence and Is one of the most prominent landmarks for the traveler entering the city from either tho east or west. In the interkv deooratlons tho building shone at its best. The rotunda is a picture la Itself. The general color effect Is Ivory, blue, tan and goid, harmonizing with the marble wa.nscot and columns, end Was planned under the personal supervision of William G. Andrews. The mural paintings by Edward Simmons represent the family, mining, agriculture and ltock raising. Kill ing th circular panels on tne pendenttve of the dome are heroio alse figures on a solid Roman gold background, the color blending with the general decorative scheme. The lur.elto at the head of tho massive marble main stairway repreaents the be L'.nnliig of ciimmoitc. The white trader ia shown teail cm hid ta.io.v, h!i.i 1 9 has 1I1 awn f:om li:u micn.a, :.d in dealing with u.i Ii.d.au for w jbe tucad out nrfii.e h!;:i. auildeps of Slew gouth Olakota jsjapitol ft''---'A r t f r. - .. . - 1 i i""frtn i. i ' . . - I - - ' j V - ' t ? 'mm- J ! V ' J if .'. v'v 1 i . -. J i -J I W T EHKNERR i 'fcoU l:i the governor's reception room . thi colvr effect Js In deep olive tonea. All the ornament Is !n relief, finished In .' lorence The furniture In the I om 's mas- five uncolored mahogany, upholstered with leather. The rug and draperies are ir shades of green hsrinunlsing with the wall, la tli uiui-iii pulutlng in this ro'.m. by EJ.a.J II. JJiu.l.;ie!d. rioaiti lko,.i ,1 1 ' Is represented as a beautiful woman in the spot light, with the figure of Hope floating over her and pointing forward. Trappers und settlers are beatlmr back and overcoming the Indians, who are clinging to her garments, attempting to im pede her progres.e. Outlawry, represented by a dark and hooded figure, is scuttling away into the darknesB. In the background prairie schooners of the early settlers are .to be seen making their way across the prairie. The picture is a strong one and attracts tho attention of all. In the supremo court room the general color effect Is1 In browns, tans and gold. The mural painting by Charles Halloway, represent:! the "Gate of Justice." This Is emblematic of Justice of tho early middle ants, In the center tiio Spirit of Mercy, on eui.il tide tho guardians of the law de manding their penalty, while before thera kneel the despairing und the remorsefully guilty. Tho color effect In the senate room Is green. Ivory and gold, harmonizing with the marble wainscot und columns. The mural painting by Charles llolloway is a symbolic treatment of tho subject of the I.ouibiana purchusc. The center group tells of the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by America from France. Lou isiana Is represented as an Indian woman, over which America is placing the flay of its stales, and from whom the garment of France bus fallen. France, by ht-r side, holiij a copy of the treaty by which tho purclaiso wus rutified. The background Is susifestlve of Spain and the flowers of France tell f tho past. The general color effect In the house chamber Is In reds, tans, brownH and grayr. The mural painting by Charles liollc.way telln of General William Afch ley's trip up the MiFsourl In IS.'J. It rep resents 11 scene at the close of a fight llilliliK y , t .' f . !Sh i . - ' I , .. I . - ... v. -''i O. K. DOKKEN. with the Indians, in which Jedediah Smith, one of the puny, is kneeling In .pruyer be fore starting out for recu for the party, Unowln; he must maUe his way among hostile Indians. It Is claimed .to have l.em the first prayer ever offered up by a white man in the territory of Dakota. Flying Machine Never Flies joux mii.MNt; Nothing in the recent history of aviation, both hi this country and abroad, Is mo disappointing, notes Paris Cosmos, a the failure of the flying-machine to fiy. "if a flying machine could fly," to quote our contemporary, "there would be some basis fur the great expectations of the layman 011 the subjert of aviation. Of course, no flying machine really files at all, not withstanding the confirmed popular Im pression that the Pr.ulhans, the Wrights and the Blerlols actually fly through tho air In their flying machines." "The ex planation f the paradox." adds that ex vert on avlat'.o;;, Mr. 11. Mat..ae Huln, "is to be found In the point that 'the fixed planes must give wuy to the flapping wines before the true flying machine ar rives.' That is. there is in existence today no eurii - thing as a flying machine, although It aeema quite Impossible to mako the man In the street realise the fact.' " Tho brothers Wr ght, Llllenthal and others lia.o proved that under certain very favor able conditions soaring feats are possible; but "when It I proposed to eniploy motive power for imparting notion to the wings we .-.nno up aaatrist a proposition which, nut u.'. tells us shall never be solve4 r 11.1111. - -Cm rent l.ileiatuia.