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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (April 16, 1905)
THE OMAHA ILLUSTRATED DEE. N April 18, 1W5. "T Return of Sherlock Holmes Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez w x. (Copyright, 1904, by A. Cunan Dojle ar.d Colliers Work 1 j ) (Copyright. IW, by McClure, Phillips Co.) IHEN I look at the thrre massive manuscript volumes which con t.ilr our work tor the year 1"!)4. 10 'la 1 rl.fess that it Is very difficult I t't for me. out of such a wealth of material, to Seiert the mucR which are moat Interesting iti themselves, ami ut tlio same time most conducive to a display of those peculiar powers fur which my friend hi famous. As I turn over the pages t see my note upon the repulsive story of the red leech nnd the terrible death of Crosby, the banker. Here also T find nn account of the Addleton tragedy, nnd the singular contents of the nnclint Hritlsh barrow. The famous Smith-Mortimer suc cession case comes also within this period, and so doea the tracking and arrest of Huret, the boulevard assassin an exploit which won for Holmes an autograph let ter of thanks from the French president and ths Order of the Legion of Honor. Each of these would furnish a narrative, but on the whole I am of the opinion that none of them unites ao many singular points of Interest us the episode of Yoxley Old Dace, which includes not only the la mentable death of young- Wllloughby Smith, but also those subsequent develop ment! which threw bo curioua a light upon the causes of the crime. It was a wild, tempestuous night, towards tha close of November. Holmes and I sat together In alienee all the evening, he en gaged with a powerful lens deciphering the romains of the original Inscription upon a palimpsest, I deep In a recent ireitlw upon surgery. Outside the wind how!id down Baker street, while the rain bent fiercely against the windows. It was atrange there. In the very depths of the town, with tn miles of man's handiwork on every side of ub, to feel the Iron gilp of nature, and to be conscious that to the huge elemental forces all Iondon was no more than the molehills that dot the fields. I walked to the window nnd lonked out on the deserted street. The occasional lamps gleamed on the expanse of muddy road and shining pavement. A single cab was splashing Its way from the Oxford treet end. "Well, Watson, It's as well we have not to turn out tonight," said Holmes, laying aide his lens and rolling tip the palimpsest. "I've done enough for one sitting. It Is trying work for the eyes. So' far as I can make out. It la nothing more exciting than n abbey's accounts dntlng from the sec ond half of tha fifteenth century. Halloa! halloa! halloa! What's this?" Amid the droning of the wind there had come the stamping of a horse's hoofs, and the long grind of a wheel n It rasped gainst the curb. The cab which I had aeon had pulled tip at our door. "What can he want?" I ejaculated, a a man stepped out of It. Want? He wants us. And we, my ioor Watson, want overcoats and cravats and goloshes, and every nld that man ever In vented to fight the weather. Walt a hit. though. There's the cab off again! There's hope yet. He'd have kept It If he had wanted us to come. Run down, my dear fellow, and open the door, for all virtuous folk have been long In bed." When the light of the hall lamp fell upon our midnight visitor I had no difficulty In recognising him. It was young Stanley Hopkln. a promising detective. In whose career Holmes had several times shown a very praottcal Interest. "Is he tn?" he asked, eagerly. "Come up, my dear air," said Holmes' voice from above. "I hope you have no designs upon us such a night as this." The detective mounted the stairs and our lamp gleamed upon his shining waterproof. 1 helped him out of it, while Holmes knocked a blae out of the lugs in the grate. "Now, my dear Hopkins, draw up and warm your toes," said he. "Here's a rlgar, and the doctor has a prescription contain ing hot water and a lomon, which is good medicine on ft night like this. It must be something Important which has brought you out In such a gale." "It Is, Indeed, Mr. Holmes. I've had a bustling afternoon, I promise you. Did you see anything of the Yoxley case lu the lat est editions?' "I've seen nothing later than the fif teenth century today." "Well, It was only a paragraph, and all wrong at that, so you have not missed anything. 1 haven't let the gram grow under my feet. It's down in Kent, seven mites from Chatham and three from the railway line. I waa wired for at 3:15, reached Voxloy Old Place at G, conducted my Investigation, waa back at Charing Cross by the last train and straight to you by cab." "Which means. I suppose, that you are not quite clear about your case?" "It means that t can make neither head nor tail of It. So far as I can see. It la Just as tangled a business ns ever I han dled and yet at first It seemed so simple that one couldn't go wrong. There's no motive, Mr. Holmes; that's what bothers me I can't put my hand on it initlve. Here's a man dead there's no denying that but, so far ns 1 can see, no reason uii earth why anyone should wlfh him harm." Holmes lit his cigar and leaned back In his chair. "Let us hear about It," wild he. "I've got my facts pretty clear," said Stanley Hopkins. "All I want now Is to know what they all mean. The story, so far as I can make It nut, is like this: Some years ago this country house, Yoxley Old Place, was taken by an elderly man who gave the name of Prof. Coram. He waa an Invalid, keeping his bed half the time and the other half hobbling around the house with a stick or being pushed about the grounds by the gardener in a hath chair. He waa well liked by the few neighbors who called upon him and he has the reputation down there of being a very learned man. His household used to con sist of an elderly housekeeper. Mm Marker, and of a maid, Susan Tarlton. These have both been with him since Irs arrival, and they seem to be women of excellent character. The professor is writ ing a learned book, and he found It neces sary about a year ago to engage a secre tary. The first two that he tried were not successes, but the third, Mr. Wllloughby Smith, a very , young man, straight from the university, seems to have been Just what his employer wanted. His work con sisted in writing all the morning to the professor's dictation and he usually spent the evening In hunting up references and passages which bore upon the next day's work. This Wllloughby Smith haa nothing against him, either as a boy at I'pplngham or aa a young man at Cambridge. 1 have seen his testimonials and from the first he wss a decent, quiet, hard-working fellow, with no weak spot In him at all. And yet this Is the lad who has met lis death this morning In the professor's study under cir cumstances which can only point to mur der." The wind howled and screamed at the windows. Holmes and 1 drew closer to the fire, while the young Inspector slowly and point by point developed his singular narrative. "If you were to search all Knglaud," said he, "1 don't surprise you oouUi Unci a household more self e- ntamed or freer from outside Influences. Whole weeks would pas, and tint ono of them go pual the gardan gate. The professor was buried ut tils work and exiled fur nc linn rb. Toting SinlUi k'ierc nobody In the neighbor hood, and lived very much ns his em ployer c'ld. The two women had nothing to take them from the hoimc. Mortimer, the g-41'dcner, who wheels the bath chair. Is an army pensioner an okl Crimean man of excellent character. He docs not live In t lie house, hut In : three-roomed cottage at the other end of the garden. Those are the only people that you would find within the grounds of Yoxley Old Place. At the same time, the gate of the garden is a hundred yaids from ti e main Imdoii t Chatham road. It opens with n latch, and there Is nothing to prevent anyone from walking in. "Now I will gie you the evidence of Susan Turltuii, who is the only person who can say anything positive about the mat ter. It was in the forenoon, between 11 and 12. She was engaged at the moment lu hanging some curtains In the upstairs front bedroom. Prof. Coram was .still In bed. for when the weather is bad he seldom rites before mlddaj-. The housekeeper was bu"!d with some work In the back of the house. Wllloughby Smith had been In his bedroom, which he uses as a sitting room, but the muld heard him at that moment pass along the passage and descend to the study Immediately below her. 8he did not see him, but she suys that she could not be mistaken in his quick, firm tread. She did not hear the study door close, but a nilnut or so later there was a dreadful cry In the room below. It was a wild, hourso oreum, so strange and unnatural that It might have come either from a .nun or -i woman. At the nine Instant there was a, heavy thud, which shock the old house, ond then all was alienee. The niald stood petrified for a moment, nnd then, recover ing her courage, she run downstairs. The utudy door was shut and she opened it. Inside, young Mr. Wllloughby Smith was stretched upon the floor. At first she could see no Injury, but as she tried to raise him she saw tlint blood waa pouring1 from the underside of his neck. It was pierced by a very small but very deep wound, which had divided the carotid artery. The Instrument with which the Injury had been Inflicted lay upon the carpet beside him. It was one of those small sealing-wax knlve.s to be found on old-fashioned writing tables, with an Ivory handle, and a stiff blade. It was part of the fittings of the professor's own desk. "At first the maid thought that young Smith was already dead, but on pouring some water from the carafe over ills fore head he opened his eyes for an Instant. 'The professor,' he murmured 'it was she." The maid Is prepared to swear that those were the exact words. He tried desperately to say something else, and he held his light hand up in llic air. Then he fell back dead. "lu tho meantime the housekeeper had also arrived upon the scene, but she was just too late to catch tlo young man's dying words. , leaving Susan with the body, sho hurried to the professor's room. He was sitting up In bed horribly agitated, for he liHd heard enough to convince him that something terrible had occurred. Mr. Marker Ms preputed to swear that -the" professor was still lu his night clothes, and Indeed It was Impos sible for him to dress without the help of Mortimer, whose orders were to come ut IS o'clock The professor declares that he heard the distant cry, but that he knows nothing more. He can give no ex planation of the young man'a last words, The professor It waa she." but Imagines that they were the outcome of delirium. He believes that Wllloughby Smith had not an enemy In the world, and can give no reason for the crime. Hla first action was to send Mortimer, tho gardener, for lpiWL.. ,. Wfrmm- 8M ti l - .4 -e! - "NOW, MT DEAR HOPKINS. DRAW UP AND WARM TOUR TOES. Profcsftorb StucFy a hurricane ever since," said he. "It will he hurder to read now than that palimp sest. Well, well. It can't be helped. Wha. did you do, Hopkins, after you had made certain that you had made curtain of nothing?" "I think I made certain of a good deal. Mr. Holmes. I knrw that someone had entered the house cautiously from without. I next examlred the corridor. It Is lined with cocoanut matting, and had taken no Impression of any kind. This brought me into the study itself. It Is it scantily fur nished room. The main n.-llclt is a larjse writing table with a tlxccl bureau. Thin bureau consists of a double column of drawers, with a central small cupboard between them. The drawers were open, the cupboard locked. The drawers. It seems, were always open, nnd nothing of value was kept In them. There were some papers of importance In the cupboard, but there were no signs that this had been tampered with, and the professor assures me that nothing waa missing. It Is cer tain that no robbery has been committed. "I come now to the body of the young man. It was found near the bureau, and just to the left of It, ns marked upen that chart. The stab waa on the right sale of the neck and from behind forwards, so that it Is almost Impossible that It could have been self-lnfllctud." "Unless he fell upon the knife," said Holmes. "Exactly. The Idea crossed my mind. But we found the knife some feet uway Profmor bd room CevwVoi" arguments. I confess, however, that I am unable to understand how you arrive at the double visit to the optician." Holmes took the glussea in his hand. "You will perceive," he said, "that the clips are lined with tiny bands of cork to soften the pressure upon the nose. One of these is discolored and worn to some slight extent, but the other is new. Evi dently one has fullen off and been replaced. I should Judge that the older of them has not been there more tlinn a few months. They exactly correspond, so I gather that the lad;- went hael: to the same establish ment for the second." "Ry George, it's marvellous!" cried Hop kins, In an ecstasy cf admiration. "To think that I had all that evidence in my hand and never knew it! I had Intended, however, to go t lie round of the Iondon opticians." "Of course you would. Meanwhile, have you nnythlng more to tell us about the case?" "Ncthlng, Mr. Holmes. I think that you know as much as I do now probably more. We have hud Inquiries made as to any stranger seen on tho country roads or at the railway station. We have heard of none. What beats me Is the utter want of all object In the crime. Not a ghost of a motive can anyone suggest." "Ah! there I nm not In a position to help you. Hut I suppose you want us to come out (omcrrow?" "It It Is not asking too much, Mr. Holmes. There's a train from Charing Cross to Chatham tit 8 In thr morning, and we should be at Yoxley Old. Place between I and 9 " "Then we shall take it. Your case has certainly some features of great interest, and I shall be delighted to look Into it. Well, it's nearly 1, and we had beat get it fow hours' sleep. I dare say you can manage all right on tho sofa In front of the lire. I'll light my spirit lamp and give you ii cup of coffee before you start." The gale had blown Itself out next day, but It wts a bitter mornii.g when vt started upon our Journey. We saw the cold winter sun rise over the dreary marshes of the Thames and the long, sullen reaches of the river, which I shsll ever associate with our pursuit of the Andaman Islander in the earlier days of our career. After a long and weary Journey we alighted at a small station some miles from Chatham. While a horse was being put into a trap at the local Inn we snatched a hurried breakfast, and so we were all ready for business when we at last arrived at Yoxley Old Place. A constable met us at the gar den gate. "Well, Wilson, any news?" "No, sir nothing." "No reports of any stranger seen?" "No, sir. Down ut the station they are certain that no strsnger either came or went yesterday." "Have you had inquiries made at inns and lodgings?" "Yes, sir; there la no one that we cannot account for." "Well, It's only a reasonable walk to Chatham. Anyone might stay there or take a train without being obaerved. This Is the garden path of which I spoke. Mr. Holmes. I'll pledge my word there was no mark on It yesterday." "On which side were the marks on the grass?" "This sido, sir. Tuls narrow margin of grass between the path and the flower bed. I can't see the traces now, but they were clear to me then." "Yes, yes, someone had passed along," said Holmes, stodplng over the grass bor der. "Our lady must have picked her steps carefully, must she not, since on the one aide she would leave a track on the path, and on the other an even cleaner one on the soft bod?" "Yes, sir, she must have been a cool liund." I saw an Intent look come over Holmes' face. "You say that she must have come back this way?'' "Yes. fir. there Is no other." "On this strip of grass?" "Certainly. Mr. Holmes." Hum! It was a very remarkable per formancevery remarkable. Well, I think we have exhausted the path. Let us go farther. This garden door Is usually kept open, t suppose! Then this visitor had noth ing to do but to walk In. The Idea of murder Was not in her mind, or she would have provlde, herself with Home sort of weapon. Instead of having to pick tnls knife off the writing tahlc. She advanced along tliis corridor. I.ivlug no traces upon the cocoanut matting. Then she found her self In this study. How long was she there" We have no means of Judging.'' "Not more than a few minutes, sir. I for got to tell you that Mrs. Marker, the housekeeper, had been in there tidying not very long before about a quarter of an hour, she says." "Well, that gives ns a limit. Our lady enters this room, and what does she do? She goes over to the writing table. What for? Not for anything in the drawers. If there had been anything worth taking. It would surely have been locked up. No, It waa for something In that wooden btyeau. Halloa! what Is that scratch upon the face of It? Just hold a match, Watson. Why did you not tell me of this, Hopkins?" The mark which he was examining began upon the brasswork on the right hand side of the keyhole, and extended for about four Inches, where It had scratched the varnish from the surface. "I noticed It, Mr. Holmes, but you'll al ways find scratches round a keyhole." "This Is recent, quite recent. See how the brass shines where It Is cut. An old scratch would be the same color as tho surface. Look at it through my Ions. There's the varnish, too, like earth on each side of a furrow. Is Mrs. Marker there?" A sad-faced, elderly woman came Into the room. "Did you dust this bureau yesterday morning?" "Yes, sir." "Did you notice this scratch?" "No, sir; I did not." "I am sure you did not, for a duster would have swept away these shreds of varnish. Who has the key of this bu reau?" "The professor keeps it on his watch chain." "Is it a slmplo key?" "No, sir; It is a Chubb's key." "Very good. Mrs. Marker, you can go. Now we are making a little progress. Our lady enters the room, advances to the bureau, nnd either opens It or tries to do so. While she Is thus engaged, young Wllloughby Smith enters the room. In her hurry to withdraw the key she makes this scratch upon tho door. Ho seizes her, and she, snatching up the nearest object, which happens to be this knife, strikes at him In order to make him let go his hold. The blow is a fatal one. He falls and she es capes, either with or without the object for which she has come. Is Susan, the maid, there? Could anyone have got away through that door after tho tlmo that you. heard the cry, Susan?" "No, sir; It Is Impossible. Before I got down the stair I'd have seen anyone In the passage. Besides, the door never opened, or I would have heard it." "That settles this exit. Then no' doubt the lady went out the way she came. I understand that this other passaga leads only to tho professor's room. There is no exit that way?" "No. sir." "We shall go down it and make the ac quaintance of the professor. Halloa, Hop kins! this is very important, very Im portant, Indeed. Tho professor's corridor is also lined with cocoanut matting." "Well, sir, what of that?" "Don't you see any bearing upon the case? Well, wall, I don't Insist upon It. No doubt I am wrong. And yet It seems to me to be suggestive. Come with me and introduce me." Wo passed down the passage, which was of the samo length as that which led to the garden. At the end win a short flight of steps ending in a door. Our guide knocked ami then ushered us, Into the pro fessor's bedroom. It wss a erv large chamber, lined with Innumerable volumes, which had over flowed from the shelves and lay In piles In the corners or were stacked all round at the base of the cases. The bed was In the center of the room, and In It, propped up with pillows, was the owner of the house. I have seldom seen a more re markable looking person. It was a gaunt, aquiline face which was turned toward us, with piercing dark eyes, which lurked In deep hollows under overhung and tufted brows. His hair and beard were white, save that the latter was curiously stained with yellow around his mouth. A cigarette glowed amid the tanglo of white hair, and the air of the room was fetid with stale tobacco smoke. As he held out his hand to Holmes I perceived It was also stained with yellow nicotine. "A smoker, Mr. Holmes?" sulci he, speak ing lu well-chosen English, with a curious little mincing accent. "Pray take a cigar ette. And you, sir? I can recommend them, for I have them especially prepared by lonldes of Alexandria. He sends me l.ikKJ at a time, and I grieve to say that I have to arrange for a fresh supply every fortnight. Had. sir, very bad, but an old man has few pleasures. Tobacco and my work-that la all that Is left to me." Holmes had lit a cigarette, and waa shoot ing little darting glances all over the room. "Tobacco and my work, but now only to bacco." the old man exclaimed. "Alas! what a fatal Interruption! Who could have fore seen such a terrible, catastrophe? So estl nmblo a young man! I assure you that, after a few months' training he waa an ad mirable assistant. What do you think of the matter, Mr. Holmes?" "I havo not yet made up my mind." "I shall Indeed be Indebted to you If you ran throw a light where all Is so dark to us. To a poor bookworm and Invalid like myself such a blow is paralysing. I seem to have lost the faculty of thought. But you are a man of action you are a man of affairs. It Is part of the everyday routine of your life. You can preserve your bal ance In e-ery emergency. We are for tunate. Indeed, n having you at our side." Holmes was pacing up and down one side of the room whilst tho old professor was talking. I observed that he was smoking with extraordinary rapidity. It was evident that he shared our host's liking for the fresh Alexandrian cigarettes. "Yes, sir, It Is a crushing blow," said the old man. "That la my magnum opus the pile of papers on the side table yonder. It Is my analysis of the documents found In the Coptic monasteries of Syria and Egy pt, a work which will cut deep at the very foundation of revealed religion. With my enfeebled health I do not know whether I shall ever be ablo to complete It, now that my assistant has been taken from me. Dear met Mr. Holmes, why, you are even a quicker smoker than I am myself." Holmes smiled., "I am a connoisseur," said he, taking an other cigarette from tho box his fourth and lighting It from the stub of that which he had finished. "I will not trouble you with any lengthy cross-examination. Prof. Coram, since I gather that you were In bed at the time of the crime, and could know nothing about It. I would only ask this. What do you Imagine that this poor fellow meant by his last words. The profes sor it was she' 7" The professor shook his head. "Susan ts a country grlrl," said ha. "and you know the Incredible stupidity of that class. I fancy that the poor fellow mur mured some Incoherent, delirious words, and that she twisted them Into this mean ingless message." "I see. You have no; explanation yourself of the tragedyt" "Possibly an accident, possibly I only breathe It among ourselves a suicide. Young men have their hidden troubles some affair of the heart, perhaps, which we the local police. A il.i.o later the chief constable sent for me. Nothing was moved bofore I got there, and strict orders were given that no one should walk upon the paths leading to the house. It was a splen did chance of putting your theories into practice, Mr. Sherlock Holmes. There was really nothing wanting." "Except Mr. Sherlock Holmes," said my companion, with a somewhat bitter Bml'.i. "Well, let us hear about It. What sort of a Job did you miike of It?" "I must ssk you first, Mr. Holmes, to glance at this rough plan, which will give you a general Idea of the position of the professors study and the various points of the case. It will help you In following re investigation." IIo unfolded the rough chart, which I here reproduce, and he laid It across Holmes' knee. I rose, and, standing be hind Holmes, studied It over his shoulder. "It Is very rough, of course, and it only deals with the points which seem to me to be essentlul. All the rest you will see later for yourself. Now, first of all, pre suming that the assassin entered the house, how did he or sho come In? I'ndoubtedly by the garden path and the hack door, from which there Is direct access to the study. Any other way would have lecn exceedingly complicated. The escape must have also been made along that line, for of the two other exits from the room one was blocked by Susan ns she ran down stairs and the other leads straight to tha professor's bedroom. I therefore directed my attention at once to the garden path, which was saturated with recent rain and would certainly show any footmarks. "My examination bliowed me that I was dealing with a cautious and expert crim inal. No footmarks were to be found on the path. There could he no question, how ever; that someone had passed ulong tlm gfass border which lines the path, and that be had done so In order to avoid leaving a track. I could not find anything lu the nature of a distinct Impression, but the. grass was trodden down and someone had undoubtedly passed. It could only have been the murderer, since neither the gar dener nor anyone else had been there that morning and the rain had only begun dur ing the night." "One moment," said Holmes. "Where does this path lead to?" "To the road." "How long Is It?" "A hundred yards or so." "At the point where the path parses through the gate, you could surely pick up the tracks-:'' "Unfortunately, the path was tiled at that point." "Well, on the road Itself?" "No. it wus all trodden into mire." "Tut-tut! Well, then, these tracks upon the grass, were they com.ug or going'.'" "It was ImpcsMlhle to say. There wus never any oalllne." "A lurgo foot or n snisll?" "You could not distinguish." Holmes gave an ejaculation of impa tience. 'il be. pe rvurtig la'a a.'.ii. b!'.ng etoe from the body, so that seems Impossible. Then, of course, inert are tho man's own dying word. And. Iluully, there was this very Important piece of evidence which was found clasped In tho dead man's right hand." From his pocket Stanley Hopkins drew a small puper packtt. He unfolded It and disclosed a golden pince-nez. with two broken ends of bluck silk cord dangling from the end of It. "Wllloughby Smith had excellent sight," he added. "There can he no question that thin was snatched from the face or the perr.on of the assassin." Sherlock Holmes took the glasses into his hand and examined them with the ut most attention and Interest. He held them on his nose, endeavored to read through them, went to the window and stared up the street with them, locked at them most minutely in the full light or the lamp, and finally, with a chuckle, seated himself at the table and wrote a few lines upon a sheet of paper, which he tossed ac ross to Stanley Hopkins. "Thai's the best I can do for you." said he. "It may prove to be of some use." The urtonished detective read the note aloud. It. ran as folic ws: "Wanted, a woman of good uddres-'. at tired like a lady. She has a remarkably thick noHC, with eyes which are set close upon either side of it. She has a puckered forehead, a peering expres sion, and probably rounded shouUcrs. There are Indications that she has had recourse to an optician at least twice dur ing the last few months. As her glasses are of remarkable strength, and us opti cians are not very iiumermw, there phou d be no difficulty in tracing her." Holmes smiled ut the astonishment of Hopkins, which must have been rellected upon n y features. "Surely my deductions are simplicity it self," said he. "It would be difficult to name any articles w hich afford a flnor Held for Inference than n pair of glasses, espe cially so remarkable a pair as these. That they belong to a woman I Infer from their delicacy,, and also, of course, lroin the last words of the dying man. As to her being a person of relineniont and well dressed, they are. as you perceive, handsomely mounted In solid gold, and It is Inconceiv able that anyone who wore such glasses could be slatternly In other respects. You will And that the clips are too wide for our nose, showing that trio lady's nunc was very broad at the base. This sort of nose is usually a short and coarse one, but there is a sufficient number of exceptions to prevent me from being dogmatic or front insisting upon tliU point In my descrip tion. My own face is a narrow one, and yet I tlncl that I cannot get my eje into the center, nor near the center, of these glasses. Therefore, the lady's eyes are set veiy rear to the Kidos of the noso. You will perceUr, Watson, that the glasses uro concave and of unusual strength. A lady whose vision has hern so extremely con tracted all her lite is sure to have the phlcal characteristics nf such vision, which are seen in tho forehead, tho ejehd.! aui Hi shoulders." 'YV'1 1 Ji-'-'J, "1 can f"IJew inch of your l r . , ' v . ; - . i.. , f ' ' rt t n ' ft hi r i ! 1 J '' ft t " ' . 1 -. 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