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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (March 12, 1905)
March 12. lftf. THE OtfAIIA' ILLUSTRATE!) BEfe. 5 Carpenter's Panama Letters The Greatest Ship Canals of the jWorld '' .':".''','', .. ..." ''.-, h . .'.-- ! ;.-.' . t. ' .' i ' . - . . v . ' . . - - - , . , j u ''t3"'-V.:'.;,-' ' V '" '-. , "..-' '. "V:.V v v - ' ; : , -v. :. ' -. . . :. .- . ; mm .t ' END OP THEJ KRON8TADT CANAli AT 8T. PErTKRSBUBO. (CoprrllfM, 1806, by Frank G. Cftrpentr.) other veoiela to paM. We noUca.that jao)it. halt, of, them to. tha .khadlre of Eypt . NT TUB! rpTlUOUTII inVAVPF. I Bound (or Panama, March . Bee.) Br the time thla letter la publlabed I ahall be on the Isth- tnua of Panama, where I ro to deaciibe the bl dttch which Uncle Sam ta aboutv to Aig from ocean to ocean. Before we be (In our Inveatlg-atlona, however, I want you to. take, a trip with me from great carta! to treat canal around the globe I have- seen moat of them. Including the French : beglnnlnga at Panama, We ahall atart In the harbor of Suet. We are' on the edge of the Red aea near the place where Moeee led the Israelite acroaa and Pharaoh and hla charlota were awallowed up by the Inruahlng water. AH around the land la bleak, bare, brown deaert. rlalng at the left In the Ataka mountains and at the right apreadlng away In vaet plain of aand. If we should go northward leaa than 100 mllea we should reach the Mediterranean aea. Part of the way would be on the ahorea of brackish lakea," some below 'the level of the Medit erranean , and" the Red aea, "and othere not ao deen Along two-thlrda ef the dls tanoe there 'Would be nothing' but aaod, and an 'engineer could lay out a line eighty-seven mllea long which would pasa through the lakea and go from one point to another. Thla la what waa done by Ferdinand de Leeaepa when he projected the Suea canal.- He began at the time Millard Fillmore waa prealdent. The actual digging wasv started during the presidency, of Buchanan, and the canal waa In full awing and almost a paying proposition oa the accession of Prealdent Grant,-, it took about eleven years to do the work of outtlng out the s.nd and Joining the lakes, s aq that the water flowed uninterruptedly from ocean to- ooean. ' . ' , , Throosh tb Kuea Canal. But let, us, take h!p-end pass through the canarom Sue'f; tjr theiAUantic. The voyage I'efinlree-about eighteen hours; but. the canal ' thoroughly lighted by eleo trlctty and tiej liight will ,be' urned into day. We"eteem along slowly. The traffic la ' heavy and the canal officials regulate the apeed.. The dltoh la over too feet wide at the top and 1E0 feet wide at the bottom; and the water within la aa oulet.as a mill pond. Notice how green it la and how the green nines oot in contrast with the bare yellow aanda which Urie, it.. 'Aa we stand on. the ahlp and look to the right and left 'we are traveling through aanda.- On. each aide of us aa .tar as we can aee there la nothing but deaert, with now and 'then a little town or village on the banks of the canal. There are but few signs of life. Here a caravan trota along over the yellow waste, the long ungainly camels with their black gowned rldera bobbing up and down against the clear sky of the hortson. Now a flock of . long-necked cranes springs from the water Into the air, and now away acroaa the aand, at the aide of the ahlp, we aee a new ahlp. and new w liters which look aa real aa the green waters through which we are moving. That la the mirage so common to .the Libyan desert. It fades aa we come nearer, and vanishes like a caatlet of the air. Oolpg onward we now and then have to stop jn basins, out for the purpose, to allow It made the purchase through the Roths childs in U75, and the Rothschilds re- of the ships fly the union japk. About three-fourths of all the tonnage which nasaes throuch belonsra to Great Britain, celved. a big commission on the . deal. and next comes the ships' of the French, Blnce then Great Britain has been re Dutch and Germans. There are but few -oelvlng dividends right along and ita American vessels. A solitary gunboat on shares are now worth about six timea what Ita way to Manila la the only one we see during the" voyage.' At last-we reach Is mallla, the town midway of ' the canal,; where De Lesaeps lived while it was build ing, and then go on .to Port Bald, on tho Mediterranean, where' the' waters of the Atlantio have flowed In to atart through ths great ditch on their way: to the Red sea and Indian ooean. Row the gaes Canal Pays. And does the canal pay? . If you will come with me to' the offices here at Port Bald I can show you that It la one of the beat investments ever made by a nation. The canal In the beginning be longed to the Frenoh and the Egyptians. It is still managed by the French, but the- British, practically control it,- as they do also. the land of Egypt through which It goes. The cost of tha canal. Including Its enlargement, has all told been a little more than 1120,000,000. ; The receipts within one . term of . ten years were more' than 1163,000,000, and the dividends" at its close were between 40 and 0 per- cent. There are altogether 400,000 shares. Great Britain paid something like $20,000,000 for almost It paid for them. It was one of the best Investments John Bull ever made. As It is now tha canal re ceipts amount to $20,000,000 and upward a year.. The - rate charged la $2 . per ton, which means, I suppose,' that a 6,000-ton ahlp would have to pay $10,000 to go through the canal. Thla' aeema much, but when one. considers that the same ship would have to travel around .the Cape of Good Hope to get from Asia to Europe one can aee 'that it la cheap enough" after all. A charge la-also made for every passenger who rides through . the canal, - and as the passengers sometimes number 160,000 a year, this Item Is valuable. i . Across fsthnass of .Corinth. We have crossed the Mediterranean and are standing on, the Isthmus of Corinth. At our back, la continental Greece, ' with Athens away off at the left. In front of us lies the: Peloponnesus, which until about 1(90 was a,, peninsula. Then the canal 4t our 'feet was cut through and that part of old Greece became an island. The canal is less than four, miles in-length,.' but If you look at. the map you will aee how it shertena the dlotance between Athena and the Adriatic and the western - Mediter ranean. It brings Athena 1T5 miles nearer .Venice and more than T0 mllrs nearer Rome. The Corinth rnnnl Is seventy-two feet wide at the bottom and twcnty-lx feet. deep. If took seven yeHrs to di(? It and fta rost wn In the neighborhood of $,".,0f0,00n. The camil whs out through woft granite and soil. It has no locks and the water flws at sea level. The tolls are 1H cents per ton and CO rents )-r passenger. . Hasalan Vtstrrmays. Leaving he Mediterranean,' let us take a Jump across Kuopc and llnht on the ' Baltic We are snillrg through "the TWe waterway, wslled with stone, which on nerts St. Petersburg and the Neva with the Hay of Cronstidt. It Is sixteen miles long and twenty feet deep, and forms the northern passngo out. from and Into the great empire of Russia. It cost aliout $li(A(l!0n. but It Is of enormous ' value, tn the i iar. for ;lt communicates with other waterway covering' a ' great part of his empire. . Ruasla Is a land of canala. Ita great rivers are Jijlned to one another by them and thern. Is now talk of build ing a ship canal from the Baltic to the Black sea. The Russlana are men of enormous endurance and wonderful pa tience. Their plana run through genera tions and death and loss seem . but In cidents along the way.- When. .Peter the Great founded Bt. Petersburg he aald he wanted, a window to look out upon Europe. What ' he' really planned was a ' harbor which might enable him to hold his own against the maritime nations of the world. The Cronstadt canal is his outlet to that , harbor. Dlteh the Kaiser Dagr. On the other side of the Baltlo Is the big ditch the kaiser dug. Emperur Wllhelm III. Is the Peter the Great of Germany. He needed a abort cut for his men-of-war out to the ocean, and he made the Kiel canal. . Thla reduced the time from aea to aea at moat two days, and It has, for all practical purposes, made the Baltlo a German lake.. The Kiel canal Is sixty miles long, and it coat when completed about $40,000,000. In time of war It will be cloaed to outside nations, but today , merchant - vessels can pass to and fro through It... Thla canal lb wider and deeper than moat ahlp canala. It la seventy feet broad at the bottom and .of , thirty feet draft. . Our. . great ..ocean steamers grow larger from year to year. Many of the biggest boats could not now pass through the canal of Sues, and a canal which la to be built for all time 4 should be thirty or more feet in depth. About 80,000 vessels paaa through the Kiel canal every year. When I visited it a few years ago a great German gunboat was just coming out and several . men-of-war - were ready to atart through on their way to the North sea. The canal Is built as a sea-level canal, although It . has great . locks at either end to control the tides. German a.ad French Canals. . We ahall not have time to examine the " T . - .ill . V ' ,- " ' '' ' ' J1 r i v f . ' . .. . mm . .'- V;. - ' " . . , -V V--"' 'v' r , t 'ff . . - , ' ' a-'' . m ' I I I 1 1 ' German nd French canala. - Both countries are digging waterwaya from river to river until they have grldlroned themselves, as it were. You can go all over France by boat. You can take goods from the Seine to the Rhine by. canal, and thence down to the Danube and -on to the Black sea. Freight goes from Hamburg to Berlin and to the sources of. the. Elbe by boat. Canala Join the Kibe and the' Oder and It is easy 'to travel from -Rotterdam through the country by water to Purls. . . Everyons know oi the Dutch as canal digger. They understand more about con trolling the waters and 'taking advantage of them than any other people. Holland itself la not aa big as Texaa county, but It haa enough . canals to reach from Phila delphia, to the Rocky mountains and other waterways- which- ceuld stretch from Bah Francisco to New York.- There ate canala SCENE ON. THE GREAT CHINESE CAN A I , . ,;' town of Manchester with the Mersey river tortes. - Titers are many docks and 4a '. and the Atlantic ocean. When It was be-' cloaed ; baaina fill with shipping, ian gun it waa eatlma-ted that it would coat everything about us la smoky and busy. $10,000,000; but when completed it was Passing out of the city we go through a found thnt $75,000,000 had ben spent. The country aa green aa Ohio in June. The people I met at Manchester were s&tlaMed fields are hedged and upon the green grass . with the cost. They aay the canal has fat cattle are feeding. Every now ana saved Manchester's business lite. Before then- we paaa a village or greut nutnufae- It was built the town was on the down turtng town. - We go under rnilroad bridge grade, the great factories were failing and many of the shops wore being transferred to Glasgow. Blnce that time prosperity has returned, and now, you will not find a more enthusiastic business man than him of Manchester. , , , I wan surprised at the work It took to build, the Manchester canal, althought it was comparatively 'small in respeot to our Job at Panama. The ground Is -almost level and the excavation not difficult. A part of the canal was dug along the course after railroad bridge, and finally pass out. Into the Mersey, with Its vast shipping' from all parts of the world. By means of that canal our Texas cotton Is taken di rect from Galveston to the ' factorlea of Manchester. everywhere In Holland. There are so many of the little river Irwell, but some of It waa that the government has a department of waterwaya, the clerks of - which ' are the beat of civil engineers. ' Some of the Dutch waterways are large. , They have a big ship canal from Amsterdam out to the sea, and Rotterdam is connected with Antwerp by big canala and' the" Schledt. from the, solid rock. Miles, of embank ments were erected along the shores of the Mersey to keep back the sea, and great locks were put In, .which.. by means of steel, sluice gates raise and lower thi v Oa Chlnft'a Grand Canal. My next, picture Is pointed on the other side of the world. . It- la on the Grand canal of China. I have seen It where It starts at Peking,, the Chinese capital; I have studied its trade at Tien Tsln, the great northern port of the Celestial .empire, and have traveled' upon It at ' Ita lower end on the aouthern aide of the Yangtae. Thla canal 'la a greater wonder than the Chinese wall. It deserves to be ranked as ships to the height or depth of sixty feet. on8 of th wonders of the world. It begins There are five such locks between , Man- at Hangchdw, south of the Yangtae. passes chaster and the Mersey. Manchester Is through Soochow and cuts the Yangtae about aixty feet above Liverpool, and the ar Chlnkiang. From Chlnklang It goes . Manchester iShlp Canal. I spent some time upon the 'Manchester ships have to climb up these five steps northward SS0 mllea without a lock, and ship canal . when ,' out .scouting . fer the to get to the latter port. v -. farther on It Is carried over the country American invasion a year or ao ago. Thla Thla canall goes right through, sorhe of on stone embankments twenty and more is one of , the most ' Important , artificial .the moat beautiful farming country of feet high. ' The canal at aome of these waterways of Europe. It s about thirty- , England. In Manchester we, are ' sur- .places Is. 200 feet 'wide. It has flood gates five miles long, aixl.it' connects the great rounded by great . warehouses and .fuc- '.managed by soldiers and Is fed by creeks . . . al"1 rivers.' At. one point a river was con- Seaside Summer School for Science! Expe rts .Late one night wa-Jsoarde4 the-; staunch the Genial' Geologist, who Wi -been here offering their tempting fruit to us aa we ..... . - ..'u 'HHf mV wf A L-nn.. wli.M.tn m W V. I ta a.nrt TV. .r. ma.. n.r.a.aa nn1 llnh.a little steamer Queen Clt? at" Victoria, nd before, and ao knows whereOo go. Whlll steamed out Upon,, the Btrait of Juan de waiting for "the mallto tj eisirtbnted ws Fuca and. up the,' western' coast, of. Van- look north wfcrd over the harbor to the. foot couver Island. This remur"(abls 'body f hills whlci",.furrounn J(t," and; whpse sides water, fifteen miles wide' and seventy miles are covered with denae forest! down to the long, ig the common, gateway for British water's edge. ha.ve rarely looked upon a and American. vessels. '.The treaty which settled the boundary dispute fixed the In ternational line In the middle of the Strait, aoth&t'eaeh country has a broad and deep water passage to the Pacific ocean. As we proceed northwesterly up the coast on the British side of the atraiC- the nigged and rock-bound coast of Vancouver, islahd rises on our right, while across the water Is the Olympic coast of Washington.': Of both ahorea little more la known than the mere coaat Una and a narrow strip .near the passed. There .were mosses and lichens everywhere, sometimes hanging from the branches in great masses,, a foot lmdiam'-' eter and a yard In : length. ' At our f eet by our side, even on the mossy trunk of the trees were pretty flowers of many scene of such natural beauty, and stood a - species, looking at us aa we pasaed as long white feasting my eyes upon sky-and mountain, and forest and water. ' .' Wonderful Trail Thromsrh the Forest. Ths Genial Geologist 'now advises me to prepare to take the trail' to' the camp sev eral mllea away, which I do by putting on eanvas leggings, and --stout " hob-nailed shoes. Ws try to dicker with the Indiana (familiarly . known as the VSlwaahea") to take over our heavy luggage to the camp water. Back of the shore Hn4 are foot hills hv rjinoe. but they are lasy and rapacloua running up to the mountains still' back of today and refuse to do so for less than $5.'., log living house them and covered all ths way. with dense and almost Impenetrable forests of cedar and fir. - We steam along slowly, for this la a dangeroua coaat, and there la a heavy swell on the water and a little fog In the air. It .Is broad daylight when .we turn Into which we fl turn refuse to pay. Bo we take what - we need, most and start out over the trail., And such a trail. I've had a good deal of experience with trails in the wilds of Michigan, In the rough mountain regions of. Colorado and Wyoming- in the California foothills, in the the deep harbor of Port Renfrew and come xipe and In the Caucasua mountains, but up to ins long wnarr. nere we nna jacK son, the genial little Englishman, who Is at once harbormaster, postmaster, storekeeper and hotelkeeper. I When the boat comes In from Victoria, 'as it does once In a week or ten days. Jackson ta a very busy man.' While he Is looking after the freight and luggage and sorting over the mail, we go to the big hotel and ask 'Jim." the Chinaman, to. get breakfast for two. My companion is Fish that Die When Exposed to Light- UV! t-mt fjtBi Aral I BOf, V I I ered some seventy yeara ago in ' I an Austrian cave, the Grotto of Adeiaberg. One specimen only was oaught. and, though Its dis coverer offered a prise of 6 for another, it waa fourteen years before a second waa found. . . Tha cavern bettle has a little round body, very long legs and absolutely no eyes at all. Brought out from Its gloomy haunts Into the light of tha aun, It dies almost Im mediately. Yet. ts Its pitch dark home, far beneath ths surface of the earth, it moves with as giyat rtpldity and 'certainty as any of Its eyed relatives on , the upper oil. To make up for Its lack of sight it la provided with antennas of extraordinary length,-and delicacy. By meana of these It feels Us way over the rough aurfauia of the atone and hunts Ita prey other smaller Mind Insects with great rapidity and ab solute certainty. . - The cavern bettle haa Its enemies Ths blothrus (a apeclea of scorpion) and ths great eyeless spider hunt It remorselessly. Prince Khevenhuller, who thoroughly ex plored ' these caves some years ago, de scribes It as a most extraordinary sight to the flttle reptiles .caught for his benefit. waicn oy me ugm ox a cana.a a scorpion, London Tld-Blts. absolutely eyeless, hunting a beetle.. , equally puna, long the cavern walk Although the beetle waa several feet In front of the acorplun. and divided from It by a fissure in the rock, yet the scorpion tracked It with absolute and almost ap palling certainty. The spider found In these caves Is of a lovely Ivory whiiu, and is able, like other insects which Inhabit ths sums subter- ranean . depths, to run very rapidly and tlnd It way with aa positive certainty aa it It had eyes and light to use them. Like several of the othera It, too, perishes if taken out of the cave. Sunlight seems to wither find shrivel, up these lnaacta. Just as though they had been placed In front of a hot tire. Yet. In spite of thla fact, It Is known that ths blind cave creatures are desoended from othera which originally lived w the light of day. Aa ordinary proof of this Is that, though no ratntset ray marks ths difference be tween day and darkness In ths depths they live lu, yet IV has been ascertained beyou4 shadow of doubt that those whose anceatora were nocturnal In their hablta atlll pre fer to move about during those hours when the surface of the earth is in darkness. Numbers of different kinds of fish are known to live In the gloomy rivers and lakea which exist in all large caves At Ban Marcos, Tex., borings were re cently made to provide a water aupply for aome new fish hatcheries. At a depth of 188 feet a great stream of water was struck, which shot up at the rats of L$00 gallons a minute. With it cams thousands of tiny, shrbup-llks creatures and also a large num ber of curloua little pale colored reptiles, provided with long tails and each having four legs. , These tiny monsters were ab solutely eyeless. The only trace that they ever possessed auch organs are two little black apoU. above the nostrils. A similar creature, known as the olm. in habits the rivers . In .. ths Austrian caves already mentioned. In the depths of the Pianlna cave, nearly a mile and a half from the entrance, ths lm Is moat abun dant. The .waters are fairly alive with them, and when, soma years - ago, ths Archduke Ferdinand paid a visit to this cave a net was let down and a number of I never followed Just such a trail as that from Port Renfrew to our camp. It starts out fair-enough,', looking quite like a trail, but soon It drops abruptly down the slip pery sides of a canyon, crosses a stream and up the other side... . The Genial Geologist leads the way, care fully planting his feet In the notches In the. canyon aids, and ,1 follow, thankful for the big hob nails In my shoes. He Jumps the stream and ao do I, and then he scrambles up the ateep wall on the other side, and I follow, puffing and panting. At the next canyon the' trail literally takea to the trees, crossing by a fallen tree whose trunk la allppery with damp moasea and lichens. Those blessed hob-nailed shoes -do their duty, and I land on the other side only to find my companion far ahead crawling under' aome fallen trees, under which the trail runs. And so we go on. Certainly this trail Is not an Illustration of ths geometrical straight Una. Here Is the port, there Is the ctynp, snd I am very sure- that the trail la not "the shortest distance between' the two points." I've often -heard the adage "ita a long road that has no turn," but thla trail requires a rendering something like "Its a long road that haa ao many turns." . It's turns are In all possible planes. If there Is any place on the earth where there is a "fourth dimension" tn space, I think quite likely It may be found along that trail. The Great Forest. .But all things oome to an end, and so does this wonderful 'trail. . It has . been more wonderful-in other ways than in Its direction and location. At' the. port , the trees were ' ao tall and large as to - at tract attention. But aa we went deeper Into the 'forest ' the cedars, spruces, firs hemlocks and pines became larger and taller, and I. could not refrain from atop- pjng now and then to admire their giant trunks and ' beautiful green foliage. The huckleberry bushes grew by the trail aids though begglhg to be collected to be ad- mired for a time by human eyes. Do you wonder that I call this a won- ' derful trail? Do you wonder that In spit -of Its length and roughness It was so full of Interest that these were soon forgotten, .'and only Its beauties and acientlflo Inter- ' eat remembered. . The Seasftle Station. The camp, technically known aa the Min nesota Seaside Station, oonalata of a large and two laboratories. standing on the shore overlooking the . straits of the' Juan de Fuca and the Olym pic mountains of Waahington. The beach la rocky And on the rocka and In the wa ter are Immense masses of seaweeds. Here we are received by the director, a tall, atout man with a twinkle In his eye the aubdlrector, a merry little woman, whose specialty la the atudy of the seaweeds,' and the chaperone, a cheery old lady, the mother of the subdirector. We look Into the big room In the living house and note the great Are place with a big settee -on each side, which- promise solid comfort in the cool evenings. We go to the laboratories, where we find three rooms, in all of which atudenta are hard at work. Here are tables, micro scopes, reagents, books, snd- Other labora tory apparatus, and tha rooms look much like the laboratories In the colleges and universities, only the furniture la roughly made by carpenters, Instead of by cabinet makers. We go down to tbe beach and take a close view of the aeaweeda, tha hermit crabs, sea anemones and star fishes. We glance up and note the gigantic slxe of tbe trees which form the forest back ground. . We hear the clangor of a bell and the director suggests that 'we hurry back to camp, for that la the noonday dinner signal. He takea ua by the men's "lavatory," which is a pretty brook near one of the laboratories.. Towels, soap, toothpowder, etc., are here in profusion, for every man auppllea his own. Here, day by day, the men perform their ablutions and make their, toilets. The water la al ways abundant and the toilet room is never overcrowded. v . v Living . la Cain p. ' Dinner served lu the big room was quite characteristic of camp life. By two long tables were long plain benches. Over these we stepped to our asslgived places. .Pota toes, turnips and bacon, with bread, butter and tea, all in generous quantities, consti tuted the substantial meaL it was a merry meal, as were all our meals. When twen-, ty-two huDgry campers, sit down to a ducted fnt'o It, ' atid, the Chinese aay that $00, 000 ' rnn .worked seven- months to turn the wafers" of that stream. The .Grand canal cuts the, Yellow river as well as the 'Yangtae Klang. It' Is In many places little more than' a great ditch, and nearly every where it is now In bad repair. It la all told. square meal there la.aJwaya much Jollity, formed In a lantern-lighted dell ln.Uis for- 'J?n M "' frm New Dinner over, the noon-day .lecture was n- est, followed by a sober lecture , upon the Tork V Chicago, and It passea through a nounced Xp .take , plage In ; shady spot 100 - superstitions oC.manklnd. : Another svsnjng territory containing "out three times a yards from the cajtrp.'- It waa given by the a scientific, comedy Is enaeted, follewed by y people as the United States, director, whaaatorra log and talked on the a lecture on tbeUtructure and activities of" One.e-f. the ,chief uses .of this. Chinese ' Characteristics of ths eprucs, hemlock . anjl the cell, which the play illustrated. ; Near canal nM le,n to crry tn tribute rice to flr'treea of the region, while hie audience the close of the aeaalon ait evening" Is given pkln-' ,At certain times of the year, loijg ; Its on other logs or j on. the ground near to athletic sports and another to a social fleet., of .boajs .moves . northward carrying hiin. Then we break, up, some going to the dance, in which the muslo Is furnished . by rlc- The government taxes are to a larga' laboratories, othera to stroll, over tbe rocks a squeaky phonograph. '( " extent collected In kind, and every year ths after specimens. Everybody. Is. kept busy.- .. On the last Sunday evening the geologist f"era send about; 133,000.000 pounds of rice There are no' idler here. , rave us an address on '"Soieuce and Re- ,t0 tn8' emperor. Along tho banks of ths . Later In' the day we take in a quia given llgion," and on the .night before camp waa 'canal,-1. auw great barna filled ' with rics by the doctor to his class in bacteriology, broken bp the writer hereof gave the cloa- awaiting shipment. . and I. waa told that After supper, which is jnuch Ilka dinner, sn ' ing addreaa on "The Place of Science In nearly every- town on the canal had Ita evening lecture la announced, by the pro- . Education." Yea, we were buay, and learned government .barns. i- Of late - much of ths feasor, who tells us about Afaasls and bis a great deal' about not only the plants and rice has been shipped to Peking by sea, ths work, while we alt about the fireplace, with -animals and. rocks, but. many other things ateamere;on the Yangtse carrying it more Its crackling fire of driftwood, foe the even- as well. "The director (an alumnus of the cheaply-than.lt can be taken by the canal, ing is cool. We are shown to our berth on University of Nebraska) proved himself a "When, the railroads have been built' con- tne second floor. The carpenter had built genius in his management of the school meeting Peking with the southern part of JZ .wooaer, b8"h In tiers of two each, and camp and when we broke up we parted o.n these have, had boughs of cedar laid in from him with the keenest regret. v , them on which we roll In our blankets and Who goes to such a summer school you sleep oundly. A similar compartment Is ask? That can be answered best by giv- provided for the women of the party, and in, a llat of thpse who were there this aea- here our chaperons rathers her charm. . .v.. .. .m.i.i. At. The roar of the breakers dashing upon the rector, aub-dlrector, chaperone, geologist rocks Is In our ears, and we sink into such doctor and professor. Then the studenti us oniy inose can enjoy who live In camp. Are All Kept m ' Work. The roar of the breakers wakes us early, and we go down to the beach and, walk along Its rocky ledges for half a mile and students were a Chicago teacher (aecond grade), a the' empire a large part of auch traffic will go by them. Aa the canal now la, naviga tion In aome parte la difficult, and It' re quires' aeveral1 montha for a rice boat to mak4ta way from the Yangtae to Peking. i The- Canals of India and Japan. ' ' Japan la a land of canals, built both for traffic and for irrigation. One of the most at r...i n,i.k ,v.. wmiderful' la the.Blwa' canal, which' waa i. au. bim.i,vr i , w , , bmoiivc. , , , tiu , - university Instructors (mechanical drawing Planned in a schoolboy's graduation eaaay and botany), two Mlnneapolle teachera and was carried out by the aame achoolboy (high echool literature), an llllnola teacher appointed engineer. ' h (high school aclence). six university stu- India-la aald to have the beat Irrigation w-tnh h. vin. Tkei and th.ddin. "eat.' wid one high school student. Th. system 'of the 'world. It has the Ganges watch the swaying kelpa ana tiie noaalnjr . .?.... .wik $ iA s - . . - . palm, oa the wave.7aah over them. A wrl.t?r ma ,ncIudeI T " V" '"'"l 11. ' .J'. " !? messenger come, to call ua to the break- maKlnB a "l"y 01 iwemy-iwo in an. i """T .JT. Z, . , faat we are forgetting and we hurry bock can not th,nk of a mors he'Pful esion pf BlrbinA.canal Is H2 miles long, and.lt has. After breakfast the sub-director Instructs combined atudy and "outing." nor of a mors almost 6 000 ml.es i of distributaries Thers her class in aeaweeda for a couple of houra, natural and effective method of giving and are great -irrigation worke in Perala, and when the director takes them and goes receiving Instruction than that in thla. sear as-for-Egypt, every one has heard gf, ths h, .h. Kh i ..h e thn.. aide summer school, on Vancouver island. ' wonderful water systems of ths Nile vol- brown plants or the ocean, called kelpa. He leads us a merry scramble and at laat finds what he la looking for and sits pn a boulder and gives ua an open air lecture upon, kelps tn general and thla one in particular. At Ua oonpluslon he announces that we must hurry back In order not to be late tq din ner, for promptness in nil things is the rule in this school. Ha who does not appear at meal time doesn't got any moil, that Is all. It Is a simple rule, and It is very effective. CHARLES E. BESSEY.i ,ey- FRANK Ov CARPENTER. , r "" Jhv n-; fVN $ . "-.n.:4 " i -h". :i;.n-:v.' -' . . a- - i A -- m I Or f v 7 , Novelty in Petition for Divorce ' O MUITIPLY causes of divorce in the dreary night watches. Her lord hold these days when great church or- monopoly of his midnight mirth, ahe get. ganlxationa erect their mitred ting only' the barren echoea of It, as ths fronts to frown upon it. altogether crackling of thorna under a pot, endurable aeema out of time and keeping and by no mortal. Otherwlae he Is not mors After the noon lecture the seoloalat taku lnda a new tangle to a perplexity which la cruel - than . consists with his - somewhat his claas out for their flrat lecture, finding probably aa old aa marriage, or at least as rigorous theory of domestic discipline; he a ; rocky, water-worn cove close by the the last quarter of the first honeymoon., doea not bang his wife about nor abut her wkter, where we gather while he telle 'of To m8116 of lr...ocent laughter auch a cause lgpdog out of doora on cold nights there la the agency of water In rock formation and and give to thla expression of generous a long i schedule 'of hard-hearted things sculpture, with the cove Itself as an ex- ra'rth the effect of being a conjugal op- which be does not do. Still ths general ef- . ample. . No methen'of Instruction could be Presslbn looks like trifling and the Introduc- feet of his conduct Is to- submit his spouss more simple, none more effective. After the t,on ot cn'ly '"to a matter where It docs to torture and glvs her nervous prostra- lacture we wander for hours over the rocks not belong. But here Is a New Jersey tlon. She therefore prays, the court for ahd study the-strata lp the cllffa above us apouae who cexnes Into court with a plea to auch relief aa may be found In ths severing When we get tired of rocks we peer Into the be legally released from her husband bs- of the bond between them, tide pools and atudy the wonderful vegeta- cause he wakea up at night and laughs; The case Is a curloua one, and Its decision tlbn, of a kind all unknown to the-lnland soea on In a riotous manner, with barking Will establish a precedent where none now botanist. May 'bewe poke up the spiny paroxyama between sleep and waking, and exists. It would be fruitless to try to fore, sea urchins, or pester the curious aea ane- when aaked the cause of his merriment, cast ths court Judgment upon It. and a mones. We watch the crabs, who' In tmn "B" " wa" "o""''"'" which happened single one might not stand aa the final ad- watch ua and aouttle away, sldewlse' with yesterday or last week and was altogether Judk-atlon. It is of auch-novelty and lm- a very knowing look In their funny eyes. too funny to resist. - pbrtance that It might be carried on from And thus the daya go. ' There' la always He never telle his wife what it waa. No ofie court to another till It came , before something a going. ; One evening a myattri- part of the fun comes to her as a com- the biggest wigs In ths business qualified to . ous play regarding, "The' Hodsg" la per- pensatlon for being waked In ths midst ot ujter the Anal word upon It. The practice ( "::';J,V 'tit . j V 1 , t r w I . - ..." r-- . -V.. - . Sr e I ' . j:4'V 'LA 1 IN TH FOREST PRJMrVAIBia TREES AND TAIX TXRXT f crTnNaABia cedar. . LOOKING ACROSS THE ITRAIT OF-JTAN" DVJ TVCX TO TTIlOLTMPlAN ' Uul'MTiiMs ii011'VA.COUVUt UUNU of laughter Is so common that to. maks a etantdry offense of It and a ground of marital separation would hardly be In con sonance with a wholesome publlo sentiment or ths general spirit of the law which, as bptween masculine csqhliinatlon and femi nine hysterics,' ever alms to hold the belr apes even. , The esse - will be followed with Interest ajid may establish a lot of legal principles hitherto never tbouakt of. But till It is settled one way or the other Jiusbtuids, and wives,- too, for that matter, conscious of Incontinence In he expression of merri ment and prone' to go off like a bundle ot Foo Chow firecrackers on untimely end un suitable cessions, should take lessons In erff-reii train" and discipline. It la In the highest degree liicnhalderate to burden ths already burdened dlvoroe courts with com plaints grounded on too lively a sense of honior possessed by1 one party or the othor to the marital ' imntract. Cultivating a soberer way of looking at thing, would go far as. a corrective, and the expedient la recommended. e. better, than a lawsuit and, aa holding the promise. of much mors saOs fictury re.ultf.Mew: Tork, Times. . '