- THE 'OMAHA1 DAILY BEE: SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1001. TU5NELS UNDER TWO RITERS rrojocM to Facilitate Tr. Bo Between Haw York, June Ci y and Brookljm. SIX TUNNELS AND A CENTRAL STATION Details ( Glsaatle Iarveaats CstlMate te Coat Fifty MlllUaa --Kaslaeeriaa; Fraklcaaa te Be Set red. After years of talk about travel beneath the two rlvera at either aide of the metrop olis, after endless discussion as to Ita feast fclHty, New Tor must now resrard such travel as no longer open to discussion, and must, accordlnt'y, watch the construction of these submarine ways as calmly as she watches the construction of the nubway. Though It wlli be years before i.Va pro jected tunnels will be completed, the pro grtsnfve New Torker Is already beginning to talk of t&kln "a run under the river. Instead of "over the river." : Little does the aver&ce resident realise the Immense amount of work which must done, the almost herculean tasks which must be performed and the vast sum of money which must be expended before these "runs under the river" actually take place. ; A conservative estimate places the total cost of the great project of the Pennsyl vania railroad at something over 160.000, 000. The cost of acquiring- and clearing land, excavating for and building the great terminal station planned for this city is placed at $26,000,000. The cost of tho tunnel work under both rivers Is roughly placed at 130.000,000 more and the rest Is credited o the tunnels running under the city and connecting the river tubes, and to the great power house on which work Is advancing In Long Island City. When the work is completed It will be . possible for a passenger to ride from Jer sey City to Long Island City without com ing Into the light Of day unUl the destina tion Is reached. Terminal Facilities. Astounding though the underground work planned may be, the overhead work oute lined in connection with the extension of the system Is thoroughly In keeping with it In point of magnitude. Four solid blocks between West Thirty-Ant and West Thirty third streets and Seventh and Ninth avenues are being wiped out to make way for the great railroad terminal which Is to be erected. In Long Island City another branch of the great work has been going forward. For weeks a large force has been busy laying a suitable foundation for the power house of the system. This structure Is to occupy half the block bounded by Third and Fourth and Front and West streets. Though It does not, of course, begla, to compare In else with the station. Its building will have been at tended by great difficulties. The land se lected for the site was a sort of elay, not Strong enough to build on. To afford a olid foundation It was neoessary to cover the area w!Ur plies. In all, l,7 piles, each thirty-three feet long, were driven and the tops covered with concrete. This concrete cap Is from six to sight feet In thickness over the entire area. A great mixing plant Is employed for the preparation of the concreate and a force of over 600 men is . kept busy on the work. After the piles bad been driven temporary boardwalks ' were erected at a suitable height above them. From these walks the concrete sup plied by the big mixing plant Is distributed In barrow loads over the area of pile heads by laborers. The work forms an interest ing spectacle. Manhattan's Station. When the 1.000.000 sauare reel of ground chosen as the site for the new station In Manhattan has been swept clear of tho buildings originally covering It, it la esti mated that the cost of the work will reach 4.000,000. The value of the land acquired is placed at (10,000,000. The cost of exca vating Is placed at $3,000,000 more. The estimated cost of the station Itself Is placed at $8,000,000, making the total estimated outlay for Its construction about $26,000,000. The work of excavating for the big tun nel is expected to occupy over a year, and will be a gigantlo undertaking of Itself. It is said on good authority that about 1,000 mm will be employed when the work is well under way From the purely sentimental standpoint there Is no more pathetlo feature of the gigantlo undertaking than the work now going forward on the site of the new ter minal. At the snap of the fingers of the wrecking boss walls came tumbling down that for years had represented all that the name "home" implies to many persons. Tho big area over which the wrecking gangs have paaaed over looks much as If It had bee a visited by a tornado. Fine residences costing from $16,000 to $60,000, exclusive of land values, apartment houses, hospitals, and even churches have been laid low before the onward march of the professional building wreckers. The old North Presbyterian church, which stood t the northeast corner of Ninth avenue and West Thlrty-flrst street, was perhaps the most interesting of any of the build ings thus far destroyed to make room for the new terminal. This church when first reoted was one of the finest In the city. It cost $176,000. It was a center of the Orange riots on July 13, 1871. It was at tacked by an angry mob and, according to some, was only saved from complete destruction through the efforts of the Rev. Arthur J. Donnelly, of 8t. Michael's church, Just across the way, In Ninth avenue. Is Taaaela Plaaaeal. Of the six great tunnels to be built In Connection with the extension of the Penn BELL'S J. C2 & Ml EH p tl. DELL & C4 Rlchlgan Ave., sylvania system, two will be laid beneath the North river and four under the East river. Those under the East river are to be built by an English concern, B. Pear son Bon (Limited), of London, of which Sir Weetman XXcklnson Pearson is the president. Sir Weetman has been quoted as saying that ground will be broken for the tunnels beneath the East river within two or' three weeks, and that from 1000 to $.000 men will be employed upon the work. Of the four tunnels running beneath the East river, two will be for trains of thai Pennsylvania railroad and the other two for trains on the local service of the Long Island railroad. The Manhattan ends of these runnels, which must be driven through solid rock, will be at East Thirty- first, East Thirty-second and East Thirty- third streets. The construction of the two tunnels under the North river, which is to be done by the O'Rourke Engineering Construction company of this city, Is looked upon as a novel engineering feat, ard the progr of the work will be closely watched by enslneers the country over. Each of the tunnels will be twenty three feet In di ameter and will be about ,00S feet long. They are to be supported on bed rock by screw piles, and will really be submarine bridges. The tunnels will be ninety-two feet below the surfs.ee at high Ode. EjtglneeT'.aa' Features. Engineers say trat the method of putting In the screw piles is the most interesting thing about thli method of tunnel con struction. The piles, which will be about three feet In d'.ameter, will bo located fif teen feet apart and their length will vary from ten to 160 feet, as the depth of the bed rock varies from the level of the tunnel tube. These piles are to be put through the floor of the tube as the work on the tunnel advances, special machinery being employed for the purpose. They will be mid in short lengths, screwed to one another and the eeaJJons firmly bolted together. Each pile will have a huge steel shoe. The work of boring the North river tunnels win not be delayed, as shafts for them have already been sunk. One dt the harder features of the work on the connecting tunnels running across the city is that, intersecting as they will practically every main business thorough fare l a the city, and . crossing the path of the largest water, sewer and gas mains. tt munt be carried forward without Inter fering with any of these or with traffic The dopth of these tunnels crossing Man hattan Island will not be uniform. From the center of the dry they will sink rap- Idly to the level of the tunnels below the East river. For Instance, at Second avenue the depth will be fifty feet below the sur face, at First avenue seventy feet, and they will cross the East river line thirty- five feet below the bottom of the river. Grade Lines. The line of the great tunnel system is generally straight until the East river la reached. The western end of the tunnel. or the Hackensack portal, as It la known, will enter the west face of Bergen Hill, in New Jersey. Two tracks will pass through the hill la separate tunnels. This part of the system, as far as the Weehawken shaft. something over a mile long, will be of standard construction, cut through the solid rock of the bill. The circular tube construction, resting on screw piles, will extend from the Weehawken shaft to the New York shore, a distance of about 6,000 fea The two tubes will be separate and will each carry one track. The descent from the Hackensack portal to the lowest point, about clnety feet below menn high water in the North river, will bo at a grade of 1.1 per cent From this point the ascent of the tubes toward Manhattan will be at a grade of 0.63 per cent for a distance of 2,000 feet The next $.000 feet will ascend at a grade a trifle under 2 per cent This carries the system to a point between Ninth and Tenth avenues. At the Monl-attan shaft the two Independent tubes are to be converted Into two triple parallel tunnels, with three tracks each Instead of one, two swings supplementing the main tracks In each tunnel. Continuing In this style of construction a distance of about 1,100 feet, the tunnels will come together In one four-track single arch tunnel ex tending 605 feet to the west end of the big ternlial extending from Seventh avenue to Ninth avenue, between Thirty-first Jid iiunjr-inirn streets. The eastern division of the tunnel system will begin at a point Just east of Seventh avenue. Land tunnels running through Thirty-first Thirty-second and Thirty-third streets will connect with the tubes passing under tha river. When Second avenue Is reached, going eastward, the generally straight line of the system up to that point will change, and the tubes beneath the river will swing to the left crossing be neath the East river on an angle. The grade from Seventh avenue to Fifth av- enue will be 0.6 per Vent and from Fifth I avenue to the lowest point beneath tha East river 1.6 per cent From that point the ascent to Long Island will be at a grade of 1.25 per cent. From the Hackensack portal, In New Jersey, to the Long Island portal at Nott avenue. Long Island City, me lotai lengtn or the tunnel wlU be a trifle under six miles. Great Care Exercised. Great care has been exercised In planning the tunnels. The sides of each tube are to be filled with a mass of concrete to the level of the car windows, the object of this being practically to make the de railment of a train Impossible. If for any reason a train should be held In one of the tubes for any great length of time the concrete ledges besides the tracks are counted upon as affording a perfeotly safe means of egress on foot The tunnel wlU be kept constantly lighted by electricity, and every tube will be provided with refuge (Soffire r.lOCHA AHB JAVA Packed in Ono-Pcund . Dust-Proof Cartons This Coffee la a special blend of the best South American Mocha and Java and la selected by our special agent from private growth planta Mono. It Is superior to any offered heretofore at a moderate price and Is GUARANTEED TO PLEASE THS MOST FASTIDIOUS) TASTE. DEST for tha Llcnov Ever Offorod In This Country. Ws Oeatrel the EMtlRK PRODUCTION Ot7 THESK COFFEES. CO- Chicago THE ILLUSTRATED BEE WumtN to into bar of OMEN WILL FIND MUCH interest them in the num- Th Illustrated Bee that will be out on Sunday. In It will be found an article on tho meeting of the General Federation of Women's Clubs at St Louis, a series of Interviews with the lend ers among the women In the trades' union movement, a fine portrait of Mrs. Mary Olrard Andrews, who has Just been elected president of the Omaha Woman's Club, a por trait of Mrs. Mary K. Haggard, the new grand matron of the Order of Eastern Star for Nebraska, and other Interesting features along the same line, Including the regular illustrated fashions department In addition to these features are war photographs, a special article on the cost and conduct of a national nominating convention, something about the On aha "Greeks'," pic tures of the recent convention of homeopathic physicians of the state and other matters of more than passing Importance. Then the cus tomary departments of the paper hare been given the usual careful attention, so that everything that has made the paper so popular will be found as near perfect as human skill can make it' If you are not now a subscriber to the best news paper In the west with the best Sunday Magazine Supplement printed anywhere, you should leave an order with your newsdealer today. THE ILLUSTRATED BEE niches placed at regular intervals tor tn safety of employes from passing trains. The outside diameter of the tubes pass ing beneath the rivers wlU be twenty-three feet The cast iron shell will consist of bolted up segments, each thirty inches long and consisting of eleven parts and a key piece each. . The minimum thickness of the shell will be two inches. The segments are to be flanged on aU sides, the Joints being planed and fastened with five or six one and a half-Inch bolts. The concrete screw piles to ba used In supporting the tubes under the Hudson river are considered the most novel safety device eter adopted in tunnel construction. When the study of conditions In the North river was ilrst undertaken by the engineer in charge of that division of the work, it was found that unless the tunnels were built at such a depth as to require ex tremely heavy grades a rock foundation could not be secured throughout the dis tance. Constructed on the grades finally adopted the tubes must pass through a river of mud and silt. This, although con sidered sufficiently firm to keep the tunnel Itself In perfect, alignment was thought hardly solid enough to withstand the strain of the great Pullman trains, weighing be tween 600 and 700 tons each, as they pass to and fro, especially If they rested directly on the shell Itself, heavily lined with con crete though 'It be. Should the mud and slit settle beneath the tube and allow it to bend ever so little, leakage would surely follow, said the experts. To obviate this, the scheme of sinking screw piles through the tunnel floor to bed rock was hit upon. Of the total of 24,049 feet of cast iron single track tunnel 12,174 feet wlU ba thus reln- forced with screw piles. Method of Constrnotloa. After a certain length of the concrete lined shell haa been laid it la to be bulk headed off, and then put under pneumatic pressure. The piles, which are of iron twenty-seven Inches In outside diameter, with a shell one and a quarter Inches thick, are to be made In seven-foot sections. Each Is to be screwed down by means of a spe cial hydraullo ratchet, one section being bolted to another as the pile descends. When the pile at lost reaches rock the core of mud Inside it will be dug out for a depth of twelve feet and concrete filled in. The pile will then bo cut flush with the floor of the tube. Over the cap of each pile will be bolted big transverse girders, and resting on theae glrdera another pair of longitudinal glrdera will bridge the space of fifteen feet to the next pile. By this method It is asserted .the weight of the trains will be thrown directly upon the supporting piles and the tunnel tube will really serve only as a protecting passage way for the trains. With the work of constructing this under ground and under water way between Jer sey and Long Island now divided and in progress, the few years necessary for Its entire completion are readily discounted by the average New Torker ef optimistic turn of mind. The thing Is as good as done In the mind of this man. Already the trains are dashing out of Jersey, beneath the North river, stopping a few moments in Manhattan, whining along under the East river, and rushing into the light of day la Long Island. New Tork la, indeed, no longer a proper place for the scoffer at subterranean transit say men who profess to know. New Tork Tribune. FALL OF THE GRIZZLY BEAR Without mm Iastaat'a WarsulaaT Traetable Beast Kllle III Tralaer. i Another distinct type of a boo rouge Is the beast that goes wrong owing to acci dental temptation like Shaggy, an exceed ingly Intelligent, tractable Kocky mountain grissly who reverted to savagery and turned man-killer In a twinkling, owing to the unfortunate misstep and fall of hla trainer. Shaggy was a big, handsome, gray old fellow, with a Jungle thick coat and a lum bering, awkward gait, and a funny twinkle that made him particularly adaptable, for hla part of clown In a remarkably trained group of fourteen bears, He bad come un der the hands of hla teacher when but a j helpless cub.had never loat hla liking for i caresses, and, although the nughtlest beast In the collection, was least suspeoted ef being dangerous. Ones, when a striped hyena hung to the ankle of his friend he had run to the rescue, had eut loose right and left with his ponderous forepttws and had bitten and torn and mangled the ugly beast to death before he could be beaten off. Amoi4 his accomplishments were that of turning admirably grotesque someraaulta and the more difficult feat of balancing himself on his hind legs on a three-foot wooden sphere. Not a scratch or a scar had his trainer to show for the yeara of work he had put In with the bear. And yet, without an In stant's warolug, this eauie beast attacked and injured his master so that when res cued, he waa aeml-demented, and so dread. fully cut and lacerated that the surgeons decided it useless to try to save,hls life. MoCIure'a Magaslna. THE WOMEN ONLY SURYIVE Fakele Story of tho Grfdley Family ," the Patrletlo Gifts te tae Coaatrr. When young John Qrtdley, brave and gallant met death In the flood of lire that sprang from one of the Missouri's turrets the other day he added a new chapter to the story of a family that has done much and suffered much for Its country's cause. It was not permitted him, as be would have chosen had it been his to decide, te meet his death In battle with the enemy. No such glorious fate was permitted his father, the captain of the Olympia, who died from the effects of the shock received In the conflict at Manila bay. Now the women only survive mother and grand mother of the boy who died but recently. It is a hero's part that which these brave women play. In the face of a double grief sufficient to crush strong men, they look trouble In the face and scorn to give way to Ignoble weeping. They are wome.i of the Spartan type, and so all the women of 'the navy are tausht by dire experience M become. Caoe old lady, bending under tha weight of more yeara than are In the psalmlit's allotted span, the other day told her sim ple sepry to a representative of the Wash fagtoh Times. She was Mrs. Annie IS. GrhSesV . Ts Son Charley," she said, "and now John.' Why could I not have been taken, for I am very old and my days are num bered? Why ahould one have been cut down in the prime of his usefulness and the other In the flower and beauty of hla youthT It la very hard, but God's will bo done." A strange fatality follows the family. The elder Gridley fought hla first engage ment under Farragut at Mobile, when the bay was a sea of flame and was swept with a hall of shot and shell. Men, fear fully dismembered, fell around him on every side. His vessel, the Oneida, was practically destroyed and had to be lashed to a sister ship to prevent It from sinking, And yet from all of It Midshipman Gridley escaped unscathed. In the years of the war that followed he participated in a number of sanguinary lattles, but was never wounded. At Manila he did not suffer a scratch. Six weeks later he died in his cabin. In a lesser degree it was so with his son. who served as midshipman in the Spanish- American war. No shot struck him, and it Was when peace had been declared and war waa over the accident came that ended his life. No braver fellow lived, no more gal lant offloer, and It was the grim humor of fate that took from him his chance of end ing his life in battle. "I went on board the Olympia when she was lying - In the harbor of New Tork," said Mrs. Gridley, "and up into the con ning tower from which my son had di rected the movements of his ship at Ma nila. I looked out from the . loopholes, through which he himself must have seen ships afire and sinking and brave men dying from the effects of his shells. I know how It must have affected him, for at home he could not have hurt a kkten. "Even before the battle he had been 111 for two weeks, .but though he wrote me every week, he had never written a word that was not full of hope and encourage ment He would spare me, though he suf fered himself. Three weeks after his death I received a letter, he had written before. In which he told me he was feeling unwell, but that In a little while he would be all right. "And John bright brave John.. He was my only grandson, and I could see in him his father's youth. That he should have been taken as he was:" Mrs. Gridley herself has seen war serv ice. With two sons giving themselves forv their country, one in the navy and ths other in the army, during the civil war. she felt she could not remain at home. She became a volunteer nurse, and for the last year of that great struggle, on many bloody and stricken fields did what she might to soothe the sufferings of the wounded and the dying. Washington Times. INSANITY AND COLOR OF HAIR Dark Complexloned People Bald te Be Moat Prone to Mental Aberratloa. "Several montha ago I happened acroaa a pamphlet published by the government of a aouthern atate In which were some Inter esting statistics regarding the complexion of the Inmates of the atate Insane asylum,' Hobart Langdon said. "Only t per cent of the total had light hair, and only t per cen( blue eyes. "It struck me as a rather ourlous fact that dark-haired and dark-eyed people should so largely predominate among tha insane, but the matter of latitude might play some part In this, I thought; for naturally there were more dark than light haired people In that section. Just as a matter of curiosity, however, I Ithought I would write to asylum authorities In cer tain other parts of the country to see what the ratio of llght-halred Inmates was to those who were dark, and expected te find the percentage Increase In communi ties where the total of llght-halred was larger, but In this I waa mistaken. So X am led to Infer from the statistics I gath ered that there Is a greater possibility for Insanity among dark-haired than among llght-halred people. 'My figures were obtained from sixty- eight asylums, located In nearly every state In the union and a few In Canada and Eng land. The total number of patients in theae Institutions was 1S.6U, of whom 70S had light hair and slxty-elx red or auburn locks. In other words, M per cent of the Inmates were brunettes, with either black or brown hair, the latter In varying shades. In one asylum In New England there was not a single Inmate that was not a bru nette. Of course, I do not know how to ac count for this, for I am not a specialist In such matters and only secured ths statis tics out of pure curiosity, but It certainly looks as though blondes wsre less liable 10 insanity man those with darker hair or eyes. 'Another peculiar feature about the facts I obtained, however, was that the percent age of those regarded as Incurably Insane was much greater among the blondes than among the brunettes. The totals show that among the dark-haired inmates only U per cent were marked hopelessly Insane, while among 'the blondes 81 per cent were put In thla category, and that only three among the red-headed patients escaped the same classification." St. Louis Globe-Democrat. k Blaaa. Scleatincallr DeCaed. Not long since we were asked to give a scientific definition of the word "blush." We have made an effort from an ana tomical and physiological point of view to give tha definition. A blush Is a temporary erythema and calorlflo effulgence of the physiognomy, aotlologlsed by one percep- Uveness of the sensorlum when In a pre dicament of unequlllbrtty from a sens of shame, anger or other causa, ventuatlng In a pareala of the vasomotor filaments of the facial capillaries, whereby, being di vested of their elasticity, they are suffused with a radiance effemenating from an In timidated praeoordla. Southern Medicine. Farm ana WkMm&kf?M( 151b Streets w..,.. .-"I' ..A GREAT WAIST SALE.. 0i SaJe Saturday Morning, 9 a. m., at These waists were bought from a New York waist manufacturer, being his salesmen's sam ple lines. They were sold to us at about 25c on the dollar all new, up-to-date styles, made of the finest white sheer lawns, handsomely trimmed with lace and embroidery would positively be cheap at f 1.50, $2.00 and ?3.00, Your Cboice Saturday. 95c. Owing to the limited amount of waists in this lot, .we advise you to come early. No waists sold before 9 a.m. - SILK SHIRT WAIST SUITS. We have just received by express, several beautiful models in new BILK SIIIIJT WAIST SUITS for Saturday's sale, including, taffetas, pongee, shantung and fancy silks at ?16.75, ?19.75, ?22.50 and ?24.75. TWO SPECIALS FOR TOMORROW: WOMEN'S SILK SHIRT WAIST SUITS jo Uvd jo ;iiBnb uerjaoxa ub jo apum changeable taffeta silk, in all shades also black and white pin head checks, all new, handsome styles that would flA AO be cheap at $ 18.00 Price lUeeO .. r. i ui '-an ..iu'iil a wis m.wm-vmimmmin--xw,!.mm Books Free With Bee' 1 Macarla By Evans 2 Lorn a Doone Br Blackmore & Par From the Maddening Crowd. . . By Tbos. Hardy 4 Last Days of Pompeii By Lytton 6 What Would You Do, Love?. By Mary J. Holmes 6 Ishmael By Bouthwortb Free Books at Bee office Saturday MEXICAN Mustang Liniment . la sum for erver eixt,r yeara. MEXICAN Mustang Liniment fpwia svnd KiogbosM. MEXICAN Mustang Liniment Mure eUl iWsus) "j Fhri",''t i 1,150 Women's High Grade Sample Waists, worth $1.50, $2.00 and $3.00, On Saturday at The Bee Office Everyone placing a Want Ad in The Bee on Saturday under the classifications, For Rent Rooms, Help Wanted, For Sale Miscellaneous, Personal, Wanted to Buy or Wanted to Rent, will be presented with one of the books in the list below. Your Choice of Twelve Titles. 7 An English Woman's Love Letters. 8 The Three Guardsmen. .By. Dumas 0 Idle Thoughts by au Idle Fellow.. . By J. K. Jerome 10-A11 Aboard By Oliver Optic U-Zoe By Author of "Laddie" 12 Samantha at Saratoga Handsomely Bound Books. These books are bound in cloth, well made and well printed. They are selected from the best literature of the century and are a fit foundation for any library. Everybody Reads The Bee Want Ad Pages wy i One cent per word per Insertion, Daily or Sunday, on above lateSe classifications. No advertisement taken for less than 20 cents MEXICAN Mustang Liniment lLuabers up Stiff Joint. MEXICAN Mustang Liniment pMistrstea to tat very bourn, MEXICAN Mustang Liniment sUvsaye gives) miIi"' . inL'ij m iinn.Ts'Mfflf it ti.- j Farnam and 15th Sfreets WOMEN'S SWELL SILK SHIRT WAIST SUITS, in the very best quality fancy silks, also plain taffetas, in brown, blue, jasper, greens and champagnes 20 different beauti ful styles to select from all with new extra full skirts ?22.50 raluet; 1 C Saturday IOe t D Want Ads By Ilolley MEXICAN Mustang Liniment Bert for Ilorfte ilmontu MEXICAN Mustang Liniment Dealt for Cattle ailment. MEXICAN Mustang Liniment Beat Cur &keep alliue&u