TIIE OJfATIA" DATLT BEIT! PI' 51) AT. WAT
it
5 v
COMING CLEAN.tP IN PANAMA
Will B tfct Orttteit Bmgls Sanltarj Task
Ever Undertaken!
CAUSE OF DISEASE ON THE ISTHMUS
Amarlom Doctor Easjlneers
Bk4 (or a Job lorpuilac
IUtu and aatlaco Cbu
ctor of tho Work.
(Copjllht. 1904. br "William Thorp)
Thr. medical experts connected with
th. United State army and navy have
cone to Panama to make tha preliminary
arrangement for tba cleanln up of the
isthmus, so that Uie live of the many
thousands of men who will be employed to
die Uncle Bam a big ditch may be safe
guarded. It will be a veir much bigger
job than the cleaning up of Cuba after the
American occupation. It win t, pernape,
the greatest elngle sanitary task ever un
ilerukeo by civilized man.
The Isthmus of Panama la one of the
worst territories In the world, if not the
very worst, from a sanitary point of view,
and Its record of disease and death for cen
turies past has been appalling. But It Is
riot necessary to despair on that account.
Up to the present time modern sanitation
hss not tried what It can do on the Isthmus.
D Leseepa' French Canal company,
though tt spent barrels of money lavishly
la many directions, never made any serious
attempt to render the territory less un
healthy. The Frenchmen, apparently, be
lieved In prevention rather than cure. They
built One hospitals end sanitariums In
stead of draining the swamps, cleaning out
the rlreis and making war on other foci
of dlBcase. One large sanitarium, erected
on the Island of Toboga, In the Bay of
Panama, cost the Panama Universal In
teroceanlo company over $600,000, and the
principal hospital of the company, at Pan
ama, must have cost, from first to last,
considerably over 11,000,000. The canal offi
cials and laborers are sent to the sani
tarium to repair their wasted strength
after they are discharged from the hos
pitals, and In the old days the Institu
tion was always crowded. Nowadays there
are not mauy persons there, for only a
small force of men has been employed on
the canal works during the last two or
three years, and those simply in order to
avoid the forfeiture of the franchise.
The hospitals and the sanitarium are the
only Institutions of which the French com
pany has a tight to be proud; their splen
did efficiency has attracted the admiration
of many foreign doctors who have visited
Panama. But the large sums of money
they have cost would have been better
spent In preventing disease. The American
medical experts will give their first and
principal attention to that task, although
they will probably also recommend the
maintenance and enlargement of the hos
pital and sanitarium work.
Unsanitary Towns.
The city of Panama and the town of
Colon, the terminal points of the canal,
are Just about aa unsanitary as any towns
could be. A large building in Panama was
used several years ago as a charity hos
pital, and many hundreds of people died
there of yellow fover. It was abandoned
aa a hospltul, and is now used as a store
house. "Aa it never was disinfected or
fumigated in any shape or ruumier, to my
mind It Is a hotbed of the disease,' said
Dr. Wolfred Nelson, a Canadian physician
who spent five years on the Isthmus.
This is only a single example of many
similar plague spots which exist today in
Panama and Colon, unheeded by the ig
norant, supine local authorities. It Is no
wonder that the death rate in Panama for
the week ended March 13 last was ninety
per 1,000 of population, as compared with
a death rate of twenty-one in the least
healthy city of the United Statoa. In Colon
during the same week the death rate was
flfty-two, which waa aa exceptionally low
figure for that town.
Nobody who has not visited the isthmus
oaa credit the fllthlness of the conditions
under which the population lives. It has
been well aald that 'the filth of ages" is
stored away In moat of the houses, even in
those of the wealthier classes. As for the
average peasant, he wears a raiment of
dirt and very little else from his birth to
his death, and aeldom doea he change It,
Unlike the majority of tropical peoples,
the Isthmians have a rooted objection to
bathing, and in consequence they suffer
from many loathsome skin diseases. As a
number of natives will doubtless be em
ployed along the canal worka In variola
capacities, if not actually aa laborers, regu
lations for personal cleanliness will have to
be rigidly enforced by military discipline.
Heat and Rain.
Praotlcally speaking, the streets of Pa
pama and Colon are only cleaned by the
torrential storms of the rainy season. Colon
Is Intensely hot and alckly In the dry sea
ton, locally termed "the healthy season,"
and, in the words of a local doctor, Is
"death-dealing and pestiferous" In the wet
season, which lasts for nearly eight months
out of the twelve,
From a commercial point of view the
town Is built upon an excellent site; from
a sanitary point of view, on the very worst
possible site. The oentor of the place is
practically a lagoon. Houses 'are built all
around the awampy ground, and In aome
cases actually upon It. There Is scarcely
any outlet for the foul, fermenting water,
which naturally breeds disease all the year
round.
Tills disgraceful state of affairs will, of
course, be remedied without delay by the
American doctors and engineers as soon
aa they take charge of the sanitation of
the town. Proper drainage will be pro
vided, the swamp reclaimed and .the health
of the town will be improved more than
100 per oent by that one worfi alone.
The worst sanitary feature about Panama
la its suburbs.
"They are common and unclean, H said
Dr. Nelson, "and la many plaoea grossly
offensive; to the eye, and smelling unto
heaven. The civil authorities of Panama
are to blame. Money enough. In all con
science. Is exacted from the merchants and
others to keep things aa they ahould be.
They are very careful about the collection
of that money, but there It ends.
Tula la the kind of thing you see In the
suburbs: A lane leading from a main
thoroughfare to the seashore, with both of
Its sides Uned with plies and piles of rub
bish and old bedding, or bedding on which
people have died. The natives of Panama,
after a death, throw away cola, mattresses,
pillows, and often the eating utensils of the
'departed.' Aa many people on the Isthmus
die of yellow fever and smallpox, this prac
tice simply means a perpetuation of the
infectious and contagious diseases named.
"The authorities never do anything
more than publish an Item upon re
form in 'La CronUta," or La Estrtlla de
Panama.' This Is deemed ample, as it
gives the people something to think about:
and yet these authorities fondly fanoy
that they are sanitarians of the first order.
"I remember an old well near the gas
works, one of those huge stone wells
which the Spaniards were so fond of
building. That well had been filled in with
Just such bedding, and at lost tho pile
coned up abovo the mouth of the well.
That is their way, and a very bad on It
is, too."
It will be seen, from these few facts
that the unhealthy state of Colon and
Panama is due largely, if not entirely, to
causes which the enforcement of modern
sanitation along the lines adopted in Cuba
would speedily remove. It is equally ob
vious that the people will havo to be
sternly disciplined by the American au
thorities before the evil customs rooted In
centuries of ignorance can be stamped
out
Conditions Inland.
So much for the cltlus, but the unhealth
lness of tho isthmus Id by no means due
to their foul condition alone. According
to Dr. Wolfred Nelson and other medical
authorities who have studied the Question
carefully, the large decomposition of vege
table matter and the mixture of salt and
fresh water in the lagoons and rivers are
fruitful causes of malaria and other dis
eases. Vegetable growth Is extremely rapid on
the isthmus on account of the heat and
intense humidity of the climate, and those
same causes make vegetable decomposi
tion equally rapid. Wherever you go upon
the isthmus, you see vast massas of rot
ting vegetation; occasionally you may
come across almost a whole forest which
Is in decay. The air is consequently laden
with miasmatic poison, especially in the
vicinity of rivers or lagoons, where this
vegetable decomposition is naturally at
Ha worst Some of the smaller stream i
are almost choked by rotten vegetable
matter. It will be necessary for the
American sanitarians to celan them out,
and burn the decomposing vegetation all
along the canal cone, ao far aa It Is pos
sible to do so.
The mingling of tho salt and fresh water
In the lagoons and rlvera presents a prob
lem apparently Impossible of solution. Ac
cording to Dr. Nelson who may, perhaps,
be regarded as the best and most ex
perienced authority on the sanitation of
the Isthmus this mixture of water "is con
sidered to be of great importance in cre
ating intense forma of malarial poison,
particularly on tidal coasts like that of
the Pacific."
Terrible Mortality.
The terrible mortality in the labor
camps of the French Canal company was
largely due to the fact that many of them
were pitched in the worst parts of the
low-lying "malarial belt." Later on, the
Canal company built numbers of small
frame houses on high ground above that
belt for their workmen, who were then
fairly free from disease. This policy wilt
have to be adopted by the American build
ers of the canal, at all events until the
low-lying territory has been made thor
oughly healthy. The filthy manner In
which the laborers were permitted to live
by the French authorities was also re
sponsible for thousands of deaths. It Is
not to be supposed that that mistake will
be repeated.
Many of the cause of the unhealthlness
of the Isthmus can be removed, and the
ghastly death roll of the Panama Railroad
company and the French Canal company
will not be repeated, but it Is not con
ceivable that the isthmus can ever be made
as healthy a country aa Cuba has been.
There exist natural conditions prejudicial
to health which are beyond the power of
any doctor or engineer to remedy. People
who live on the Isthmus for years, slowly
soaking the miasmatic and malarial pois
ons Into their blood, will fall victims to
disease even after the American cleaning
up.
But epidemic will be stamped out, or
not allowed to originate; and there will
be no repetition of the terrible sacrifice of
Ufa which has been Inseparable from for
mer isthmian enterprise. Whole shiploads
of laborers died off like files in a few weeks
after landing; and many hundreds of men
never did a stroke of work because they
fell 111 almost immediately they reached
isthmian soil. American experience will
surely prove that there was no nsed for
such a frightful hecatomb of lives.
HAROLD JENKINS.
LABOR AND INDUSTRY.
Trafla. tmlnn. ..i.t4 i n.. ...
,000 years.
America furnished Japan with 280,000,000
pounds of flour in 1903.
StVnnlV.f1vA nmm nan, . . V. - AAA .
in the bureau of printing and engraving
tlonV'S i?w, eta-
i Air Ami i. - . t""'""J' wjin nearly
a.Wu.ono miles of circuit, as shown by Its
womnVr.0. Fre,&" r which
i. 'n U rar 10 nter tt nch shop
- irYiiiB7 as an accountant.
Htli HSil!iI3 ?! United
- , .wv mil a a UL IrmCJC. 1 Tift
J??i!0r JfM displaced 1,000 horse. But W.
w Mvgfj Mir MUfJe rQUtfUt.
iX&W2&.? t the
Ti 7 , 'W'pnicu union takes
Sm-y,n"dayLMy. 18- referendum
mhiJ.,:..:. over the west-
L.nrt run n A V. - w
iwT 'r V" "rwm or Liouisiana
and Texas, which until 1W6 were classed
I." a . y,8la ;a.wo.A) worth of
Ii. ar-b?ut.J.? JPne expert rice grow
es are in this region.
Because of the fact that there Is no
fi?ue"i 00"venUon of the painters' union
this year the locals over the country have
been cllad iiiuin ia -,.. . , a o 1 -
weiits to the general constitution.
curing the recent strike of printers at
Boston, Muas.. the amount of strike bene-
flt. 111 anm n.t,nM. - - a - . i
received during employment, some of the
7 . ... lur l a weea naving re
ceived S7 weekly from the International
from the local organization.
) fl n PT fl A muxy otier painful and serious
i A wsS Im ailment f"m which most mothers
i U U KJJ UUUvLJ suffer, can be avoided by the use of
"Motstri Frtsil" This great remedy
is a God-send to women, carrying
them through their most critical
No woman who uses 'Motners Frtenl" need fear the suffering
and danger incident to birth; for it robs the ordeal of its horror
and insures safety to life of mother and child, and leaves her in
a condition more favorable to speedy recovery. The child is
DPR?
-1 A 11 -4. J
rood natured. Our book MM
Motherhood," is worth
its weight in gold to every uull
m
JL
TO
-
woman, ana win oe sent tree in plain T3 T7N I3 T
envelope by addressing application to S I 'j
CraiT.zli Regulator Co. Atlanta, Ga. UUQulijUuliy
MYSTERY IN A MAGIC RING
It ii Seea tt t Distance in the Foothilli
of WjoaiDg.
NEAR APPROACH DISPELS THE ILLUSION
trmage Froak Dee to Atmospkerl
CetadJtlen ataterlal for the Myth
masters on the Boaadless
rialaa.
The wild and woolly west has yielded
n.any a thrilling romance to the literature
of the period, yet It Is a field as yet but
partially explored for romance, myth or
reality. Almost every portion of the tern
tory west of the Missouri river has been
the scene of thrilling adventure or Incidents
replete with human interest.
In the southern part of Wyoming a curl'
ous thing happened curious even in a state
that nature has so twisted and contorted
In the making that it is a happy hunting
ground for geologist and for soologlsts as
well.
It Is nothing more than an enormous
circle limned upon the gently sloping sides
of a low mountain, one of a modest range.
creeping north, and south across the Colorado-Wyoming
line. Many curious fancies
have been indulged in to explain it, but still
It holds its mystery. The natives point it
out as one of the attractions of the region.
The road over which trains of wagons
haul copper ors from the Rambler mine to
tho shipping point at Laramie passes within
ten miles of this mountain. Leaving the
wide plain, whose brown and green ex
panne Is specked here and there with
ranches and beribboned with small water
courses, the road strikes southward Into the
hill country and presently begins to climb
a wldo, easy pass between two ranges of
mountains.
A Marvelous Atmosphere.
The hills grow and grow, but maintain a
rounded aspect, which Is characteristic of
most of the mountain scenery in the south
ern part of the state. In that clear atmos
phere distances become magical and the ef
fect upon the senses of auch Illimitable
miles of untenanted hill and valley and
plain, all done in somber hues of brown and
gray and dull green, Is strangely solemn,
majestic and poetical. Only far to the
southward Is the oontraat, for there a
streak of white upon the horlson shows
where the loftier mountains of Colorado
wear all summer their unshorn locks of
snow. .
Through that rare atmosphere, whloh the
wind perpetually is cleaning, the circle on
the mountain suddenly cbmes into view,
the vehicle on the wagon road climbs to
the summit of a hill. In July the moun
tain's sloping shoulder bears still a faintly
greenish hue, though the thin grass Is
slowly browning in the sun. The circle
shows dull gray at that distance and Is
marked with such clearness and symmetry
tbat It holds the attention steadily. It
grows more and more distinct till the ob
server has approached within a mile of it
Then It slowly fades Into the monotonous
expanse of small boulders, sage brush and
short grass.
Merely em Optical Illoalon.
When first seen the circle appear to be
about 200 feet in diameter and looks like an
endless path that had been trodden in the
turf by horses walking there for days and
days, or like the ring left by some great
circus. But it is a singular circumstance
tbat when the curious observer has care
fully climbed to the spot where the circle
ought to be it is not there. The moat
searching scrutiny fall to reveal even the
faintest sign of It The sandy soil ap
pears to be exactly similar at every point
upon the slope and no atones or grass or
brush show a sign of dislocation. Though
he try and try again, the visitor will not
find the circle that stands out with dis
tinctness when he look at the mountain
from a distance.
The indigenous fancy hast extracted a
good deal of casual amusement from this
phenomenon, and one may take one's pick
of several theories offered. Borne would,
in- prosulo fashion, assure you that the
circle merely marks the crater of an extinct
volcano, but there Is not a particle of test!
mony In the rooks or the character of the
country to support that theory. There
never was a volcano within 100 miles of this
spot
What Traditions Say.
The Indians did something or other there,
say same. One all this region was the
home of Cheyennes and Utes snd a trad!
tlon has been concocted that on this moun
tain side there was a great war council
and that the moccasin of warriors tread
ing the savage measures of the war dance
wore a ring upon the sandy earth. But if
that were true there would still beyond
question be some substantial evidences of
that material performance. For similar
reasons other hypotheses of cattle or sheep
or horses having made the ring for what
ever purpose or In whatever clrcumstancs
Imaginable, are equally untenable. When
the mountains skipped like rams and the
little hills like the lambs of the flock did
nature bring a branding Iron to bear upon
one mischievous maverick T
There Is nothing left, In short, but the
supernatural or the mythological to ex-
plain the wonder. People of an older civ.
illzatlon, lnherltng vase legendary lore of
gods and devils, would have invested the
magic ring with such riches of tradition
as would give it a deep religious signifi
cance. Bo there it waits for the devout or
superstitious imagination that shall prop
erly endow It
Few Lesrends Are Correct.
Few of the fantastlo formations of nature
In this country have been fitly embellished
with legends. Hawthorne made famous
"The Great Stone Face" and Eugene Field
has toll a pretty story of the "Mount of
the Holy Cross." But for the most part
the brief imagination of pioneers, sheep
herders and gold hunters has been let alone
to give to chasms and rocka the name of
the devil's thls-or-thst, without relating
what the devil did there.
In the west, particularly, Satan appear
to have been very active In the formative
period of the earth, and to have left re
markable evldencea of hi habits In the
gamboled with his courtiers. Perhaps It
was his demon majesty who did that little
trick on the Wyoming mountain side and
the Inhabitant of Albany county, Wyom
ing, would be grateful for a legend, arti
ficially aged, like other antiquities, that
would relate the details of some awful rite
or unholy play upon the hill by the devil's
tltanlo followers. Bay It were something
like this:
With slouch and swing around the ring
We trod the fool's parade!
eW did not care, we anew we were
The Devil's Own brlaade;
And shaven head and feet of lead
Make a merry masquerade.
-Chicago Chronicle.
Bels Bridal Coaple,
Oeorge F. Stevenson, eminent com
mander of the Knight Templar of Little
Falls, N. T., and one of the most prom
inent member of tho Maaonlo fraternity
in central New Tork, waa married to Mies
Edith A. SohlU of that city.
The wedding was Intended to be a very
quiet affair, but relatives and friends pre
pared a surprise. The carriages containing
the bridal party were held up and a mili
tary band In hiding led the procession.
Accompanied by muslo, red fir and torch
lights the bridal couple were forced to
parade through- the principal Streets.
Doctors Say
BrmK More
The body requires ten glasses of
fluid per day. Most people drink too little to
flush the body of its waste. The result is bad
blood, nervousness, disease.
Then the doctor says "Drink More;" and he
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medicine.
That's one reason why pure beer is good for you.
It leads you to drink more. And the beer is
also a food and a tonic. But the beer must be pure,
Schlitz beer is brewed in absolute cleanliness and
cooled in filtered air. It is aged for months
so it will not cause biliousness.
That's why doctors say "Schlitz." Ask for the
Brewery Bottling.
rbooa 613, Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co., ,
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The Beer That Made Milwaukee famous.
Jr jn ' "ii . iiisswiisn inwincw
S I Mmi:
Sophronia I. Carries. Director, Domestic
Science Club. Indianapolis, Ind.
9059 Cooper 6t InoiAHaroijs, Iin., Ang. 80, 1003.
I Buffered for nearly ivven jrttn with female trouble, bearing down paint, and at times in tens
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tor
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txaaoroa bombsho oranoa cua
in
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r 2056tC6oDer St;,
II Indianapolis. Ind;,
Jwmin,i iip Hi . yi mm
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