TIIE OMAI1A DAILY BEE: SUNDAY, MAT 1, 1D04.
DIET WITH THE GOVERNMENT
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STORY OF THE SHORT SESSION AT TOKIO
16
Fall Report of the Proceedings by
Wklek the People G.ve ("!
to Operations Aaralnst
Raasln.
(Copyright by New York Herald Co.. 1904.)
TOKIO, Japan, March 1904 -(From a
Special Correspondent of tha New York
Herald.) The Twentieth Imperial Diet
ended ita labors yesterday afternoon and
waits only the formal closing session this
morning. In the main It has been an obe
dient Diet, doing with fair show of good
will and with surprising celerity almost all
that waa asked of It. The points selected
fnr th Mnimirtlnn in the eovernment
that the Diet Is still an independent body
Were few and not of commanding Im
portance. The Imperial rescript which
called It Into being gave It a life of only
ten days, and there was prepared for It
work which could have taken a United
eta tee congress about as many weeks. Yet
In half a doxen sessions, none of them
four hoiirs In duration, all the real work
waa finished and time found for some
spectacular and hysterical aide play.
Projects of law originate In Japan either
with the government or In the iDiet. If the
Diet Is Hot In session the project Is likely
to take tbe form of an Imperial ordinance,
which gives It the effect of law until such
a, time aa It Is approved or tAected by the
Diet, which might be at the next session
after tha promulgation of the ordlnunce.
If approved It becomes law. Disapproval
has the effect of repeal.
The session now closing was summoned
to do oertaln clearly defined work. Sev
eral Imperial ordinances had been Issued
on account of the war. They conferred
extraordinary power on the military and
naval authorities under certain circum
stances and provided for the expenditure
of large sums of money, the total appro
priations thus affected being about lirt.tW,
000 yen. These ordinance were to bo ap
proved In. order to make them of con
tinuing force and a number of bills to be
enacted Into law providing the ways and
means for carrying on the war.
Members of the Diet.
The Imperial Diet consists of the House
of Peers, appointed and hereditary, and
the House of Representatives, composed of
177 members, elected from all over the em
pire. These 3T7 are divided among seven
parties, the largest of which numbered
only 129, far from a 'majority. There are
conservatives, progressives, Imperialists,
liberals and Independents, with two fac
tions that did not dignify themselves with
a party name, but call themselves "clubs."
Before the opening of the sessions there
were repeated meetings or caucuses of the
various purtles, at which plans of action
were threshed out. Ail agreed that they
must support the government loyally in all
matters 'connected with the war. Knch
took Ita own kind of private fling at the
government, which is not at all popular,
but announced that although the cabinet
la notoriously weak and unsatisfactory
this la not tha time to attaak it. The two
parties strongest In point of numbers ef
fected a sort of working alllanoe on car
dinal matters. It was fairly well under
stood when these preliminary party meet
ings wars held what went to tha govern
ment's financial scheme. In fact, an out
line of tha proposed budget' was submitted
to tha party managers at a general confer
noa of them with the government,
- Speech af Okaasa.
Tha goverament scheme Included an In
crease of taxation along several lines.
Borne of this Increase was acceptable to
the parties and some of It was not. It was
here that they undertook to show the
government their Independence. Their at
titude was well expressed by Count
Okuma, the leader of the progressives, In a
Speech be made at the preliminary meet
ing of Ms party. He said in part:
"The dissolution of the last (nineteenth)
session of the Diet was apparently due to
the words, 'policy of temporising at home
and failure to rise to opportunities abroad,'
which were couched In the lower House's
reply to the speech from the throne. The
present Is not the time to deal with the
government regarding Its domestic, and
foreign policy In, the past. We must con
centrate our whole energy for tha attain
Bient of a conclusive success In the present
war. There are three great problems which
will necessarily arise In connection with
the war first, the foreign policy attending
the war; second, the financial admtnl'tra
t tlon during the war, and, third, the practice
of economy. a
'"We should endeavor to br1,,- tha present
war to a close as early yo1bl. Japan
Should dispatch at lesst SOO.OrO troops to
Manehurta to fight the Russians, and the
consequence Is that ths country .will be
deprived of the producing power of these
men. As a . result of the war, various
business undertaking will be suspended,
general depression will prevail throughout
commercial circles, numerous workmen wtll
be unemployed and prices of commodities
will rise, while tho nation will have to
bear the cost of the war aa It drags on.
Furthermore, shipping business will be
monopolised by foreign vessels, and. more
over, farming will suffer greatly. It la,
therefore, urgently necessary to put an
end to the war as quickly as possible.
Reasons for Coafldeare.
"I do not entertain any pessimistic views
about the war, but I am bound to declare
that any abuse of the nation's patriotism
will give rise to serious grievances In the
future. I believe that our army and navy
will be victorious throughout. It is a rule
Of the world that thoe who obey Its gen
eral tendency will prosper and those who
go against It will decline. The war Is a
trlfe between civilisation end barbarism,
and Japan follows the general tendency of
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January 23, 1903. Evansville, Ind.
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the world. This Is the reason why I be
lieve In Japan's final victory.
"The victory of the war Is an outcome
of the patriotism of tbe nation, and Its re
sults ought not to be misappropriated by a
few persona who represent the people.
The cost of the war must be obtained from
the public debts, as has been done by all
the foreign powers. A scheme of raising
war funds by pettifogging taxation needs
scrutiny.
"It In Impossible that the authorities are
so disloyal and perfidious aa to abuse the
patriotism of the nation, but aa we are
not sure that they will make no mistakes
we should try to minimise their fault by
our experience. Hope sustains present
hardships. Our nation must be upheld by
future hope. It la our duty, therefore, to
bear the poet btllum measures In mind."
B.daret lor tkc War.
The draft of the war budget submitted
to the party managers Indicated that the
government estimated that the expendi
tures on account of the war would be about
675, 000. 000 yen during the fiscal year, which
ends on March SI, 1805. Of this amount 1W.
000,000 yen had already been appropriated 1
under Imperial ordinances Issued during
the time the Diet was not sitting. The
greater part of this sum had not been
spent. In fact, only some 90,009,000 yen hail
actually been paid out. The budget pro
posed also to provide for an extraordinary
war expenditure ot SSO.OCO.GOO yen and a
special reserve fund of 40,000,000 yen. To
meet these requirements the government
proposed to raise 68,000,000 yen by Increased !
taxation, to transfer M.OOO.OOO yen from !
special accounts and to raise 411,000.010 yen '
by public loans and what they called "tern- 1
porary accommodations." (
They also figured on saving 47.000.IM)
yen from the estimates for the current fis
cal year for expenses outside of the war.
Of this 36,100,000 yen Is to be saved from
the ordinary expenses and 11.900.000 yen
from the extraotdlnary. the savings being ;
tho result of a balance unexpended from '
an appropriation already made for another the summer of 19n0, when the powers sent
purpose, curtailment of expenditure In the troops to China, owing to the Boxer out
admlnlstratlve departments and the sus- break, Russia sent a large army Into Mnn-
penslon of some undertakings In the de- 1
partments of war and the navy. Of the
1K,0(0,000 yen appropriated by the imperial 1
ordinance. kS.OOO.COO had been alloted to ; purpose of suppressing the Insurgents In
the War department and about 48.000.ooo i Manchuria and not for territorial con
to the Navy department. It was proposed quest. It said that It would respect
to provide this sum by treasury bonds, j China s sovereignty In Manchuria and Its
transfers from special accounts and "tem
porary accommodations." The treasury
bonds have already been four times over
subscribed, and more. The Issue was all
taken at home, 33.000,000 being subscribed
st prices above thnt fixed by the govern
ment for the Issue, and 43.000,000 by per
sons who applied for sums not exceeding
200 yen.
The extraordinary war expenditure of
ISO.0O0.O00 yen the government proposed to
meet by taxation and loans. The Increases
of taxes were to fall on land. Incomes,
business, sake, soy, sugar consumption,
mining and exchanges. There was sn In
crease proposed In certain customs duties
ard a new tax on salt consumption and
the consumption of silk and woolen fab
rics. A new tsx on kerosene oil was also
proposed. The government also proposed
to authorlie the Issue of premium bearing
bonds of small denominations by the sav
ings department of ths Industries bank. It
being the M of the cabinet that during
the war large expenditures would be made,
most of which would go to the people of
the poorer rlssaes. It was to'get at this
money ago'n that this scheme was pro
posed. This proposition csused much dis
cussion ard a great deal of opposition,
especially among the bankers.
Pulley ( the Ksanlre.
When ths Diet finally met for the trans
action of business Count Katsura, the
prime minister, made a speech to tbe House
IP
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of Representatives, In which he raid;
"The maintenance of permanent peace in
the extreme Orient and the consolidation
of fne poeltlon of tT' empire by means of
promoting friendly relations with the treaty
powers and respecting their legitimate
tights and Interests Is the established na
tional policy of the empire. But owing to
the fact that the schemes and actions of
Russia in Manchuria and Corea were
wholly Incompatible with this policy, the
Imperial government, by ths command of
his majesty, engaged In July last In nego
tiations with the Russian government.
Russia, however, not only failed to meet
our proposals with sincerity, but also con
tinued all the more to defiantly reiiort to
actions which were calculated to Injure our
national rights. Hence Japan, In self
defence, was compelled to terminate ths
negotiations and take Independent action,
and It Is confidently believed that already
all the world has fully recognized the Jus
tice and patience uniformly exercised by
the Japanese government In carrying on
these negotiations, anxiously desirous of a
peaceful solution and mindful of the woeful
consequences which war brings upon man-
"Gentlemen, In the present situation there
Is no doubt that all the subjects of his im
perial majesty all over the country are of
one mind In their endeavor to secure In
obedience to his majesty's will a spcdy
restoration of peace by gaining such a con
clusive victory as to attain the object of
the war. The government. In order to meet
,he requirements of a belligerent state, has
f""ncd a financial program and by Imperial
command has already laid before the Diet
lne uagei ana various projects or laws
It Is the earnest desire of the government
that you shall after candid deliberation
give a speedy assent to these measures."
Komnn Usnlalns.
Baron Komura, minister of fonelgn nf
fnlrs, also addressed the House, reviewing
the course of negotiations with Russia,
which coyer more than three years. Iu
rhurla and occupied the whole of that
country. At the time Russia repeatedly
declared that the occupation wns for the
territorial Integrity, and that the occupa
tion of Manchuria was only a temporary
measure. In spite of all these assurances
Russia more than once pressed China to
conclude an agreement Inconsistent with
Chinese sovereignty in Manchuria and with
the treaty rights of the powers. When
these proposals were made the Japanese
government warned both the Chinese and
Russian governments.
At length, In April, 1902, Russia concluded
a treaty whereby the evacuation of Man
churia was decided upon. It then began
to make preparations for the evacuation,
which wa only partly carried out. It was
In - April, last year, that It suddenly
' changed Its attitude! Not only did It
cense the evacuation, but It made several
new demands on China. The reason for
such tin abrupt change In Its attitude was
obvious. It was because the section of
the Russian government that advocated
the permanent occupation of Manchuria
was victorious In Its struggle for as
cendancy over another more peaceful sec
tion. These developments of tbe Man
churia n question were carefully watched
by the Imperial government, for the inde
pendence and territorial Integrity of Corea
were absolutely necessary for the safety
and peace of Japan. This has always been
the traditional policy of Japan.
In the event of Russia annexing Man
churia the existence ot Corea would be
constantly threatened and tbe peace of the
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The Milks' Emulsion Co., Terre Haute, Ind.:
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Checkman Vandalia Freight Depot,
April 17, 1903. Terre Haute, Ind.
Mr. J. E. Milks:
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far east would become unstable. For
these reasons the government deemed It
necessary to arrive at a friendly settle
ment with Russia in regard to Man
churia and Corea, where the Interests of
the two countries were likely to conflict,
and thus sweep away all causes that
would disturb the pcaco of the far east
in the future. So the cabinet decided to
open negotiations with Russia, and In
formed the Russian government to that
effect on July 28, last year. To this Rus
sia consented and tho negotiations were
opened.
Failure of Proposals.
Baron Komura then described' how Japan
and Russia made proposals and counter
proposals; how Russia indulged In the
policy of procrastinations and delay, while
making warlike preparations with astonish
ing activity; how Japan was compelled to
choose between war or submission, and
how the government was compelled to
break off negotiations on February 6.
Baron Komura concluded by submitting
to . the house the text of the correspon
dence between hlmsolf and Mr. Kurlno,
the Japanese mlnlxter at St. Petersburg,
during the process of the negotiations, a
correspondence which reveals clearly the
course of tho negotiations. This was the
White Book made public by the Japanese
legations abroad simultaneously with Its
presentation to the Diet.
At the conclusion of Baron Komura's ad
dress Baron Sone, the minister of Flnsnce,
addressed the House of Representatives on
the subject of the financial proposals of the
government. In all, forty-six bills were
presented by the government to cover the
situation. With one exception these were
the only bills presented during the session.
They were promptly referred to special
committees and the work of the session
began.
The procedure in the Japanese Diet Is
rapid to an extent that Is astonishing to
one acquainted with their methods and
used only to the practices of our own more
deliberate legislative bodies. No time Is
wasted at all. If any man begins to talk
about something that does not appeal to
some of the members they pound their
desks and laugh and talk loudly and keep
up a continued shout of "Useless!" It
usually Is. Tbe rules provide for three
readings of a bis).
As a matter of fact, one or two Is usually
sufficient. These financial bills were- set
tled In almost every case by the commit
tees. They were read first upon their pre
sentation to the House. I'pon coming out
of the committee they were read again.
Then the chairman of the committee re
ported the opinion and recommendation of
the committee. The president of the House
asked those who favored the bill to stand
up. The House Is divided In sections, and
a president and manager are apolnted for
each section. The members are sested ac
cording to their sections. When a vote Is
taken the secretary of each section counts
those of his men who stand up. If there
is all told a majority the bill is passed;
if not, it falls. The other side Is not called.
Actios I poo Bills.
There was very little mod. fk a tlon of the
government bills. The proposal for a tag
on salt and silks snd woollens was rejected
snd In Its place waa substituted sa Increase
of the tobr.eco tsx. This was accepted by
the government, although It cut down' the
estimated revenue about i.'M.Ow yen. Tha
government announced that this sum would
be made up by additional administrative
economies and by diverting money from
other sources. The bill authorising the Is
sue of small denomination savings bonds
wss amended to provide that the Issue
should not exceed Iw.uuQ.uuO yen In one year,
and that the law should remain effective
only during the operation or the special tax
law. which haj been limited to cne year
after tbe does of tbe war. With these ex
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TESTIMONIALS!
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ceptions the government plan went through
unscathed. There waa Just enough change
to emphasize the fact that the Diet could
make changes If It so desired.
But the real excitement of the session
was furnished by a matter that did not
originate with the government. There waa
elected to the House of Representatives Mr.
Aklyama, the editor of tbe, Niroku Bhlmpo,
a newspaper of Toklo which has the repu
tation of being decidedly yellow. It had
the misfortune to publish during the crit
ical stage of the negotiations with Russia
an article evidently Inspired from Russian
sources, which gave the Russian view of
the situation In the far east. The article
appeared simultaneously with its publica
tion in several other papers of greater or
less Russian proclivity In the far east.
It attracted much attention at the time
and considerable unfavorable comment
upon the loyalty of the editor of the Niroku
Bhlmpo. That article alone, however,
might have been passed by without action
by the Diet, but on March 16 the Niroku
Bhlmpo published a leading editorial se
verely arraigning the government. This
brought about the downfall of the editor.
His paper was prosecuted In the local
courts and ordered to be suppressed. His
appeal from that order Is now pending and
the paper Ib going on under that appeal.
Early In the session one of the members
of the lower house brought forward a bill
looking to the expulsion of Mr. Aklyama
and alleged that It would be clearly shown
that the editor was a Russian spy. It was
cited In proof of this charge that he had
been In communication with Oeneral Kour-
opatkln at the time the Russian com
mander was In Japan last year, and It was
alleged that he was living at a rate con
siderably beyond his apparent Income. Mr.
Aklyama vigorously denied these accusa
tions. He declared the charge to be ridic
ulous, and apparently It was. He accepted,
however, full responsibility for the publl.
catl6n of the editorial criticising the gov
ernment, und the result was that he was
forced to resign his seat. Thereupon one
of his friends made an attempt at the laat
business session to have his principal ac
cuser also put out by alleging that this
man had brought unfounded and baseless
charges against Mr. Aklyama, but this
proposal was hooted down.
One other Interesting Incident was
brought out by the session. One of the
propoeals of the government was to taks
over a monopoly of ths tobacco business
throughout .the empire. It was proposed to
pay to 'the present dealers a sum equal
to 20 per cent of their gross receipts for a
period of three years In return for the sels
ure of their business. At a preliminary
meeting of the party managers with the
government the manager of one of the
most Important parties In the house made
a vigorous fight to have the payment to
the tobacco companies extended one year,
making it four Instead of three years. The
publication of this attitude on his part
brought very promptly the Inevitable talk
of scandal, with the result that all ths
parties hurried to cover and the original
propoeal was allowed to stand.
Bo the twentieth session of the Imperial
Diet ended with a practical agreement to
all that the government dealred.
OBCAR KINO DAVIS.
Am. Early Tragedy.
The Assyrian maiden was In tears!
"Whet is the matter?" asked her girl
friend.
"Herbert wrote me a seven-page love
letter and threw It over the garden wall.
It was written on the finest terra coitta
he could And. Page number threo struck
father, who was asleep on a bench, and
now he and Herbert are throwing my love
letter back and forth with all their might,
and unless a policeman comes pretty soon
I don't believe I'll ever know a word of
what waa in It!" Washington Star.
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May 22, 1903. NoblesviUe, lad.
The Milks' Emulsion Co., Terre Haute, Ind.: .
Gentlemen For eight or ten years I have bad catarrh of the throat,
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A friend persuaded me to try Milks' Emulsion, for which I am very
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D. W. Fnra, Grocer, 548 W. Wash. St.,
December 12, 1902. Indianapolis, Ind.
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Terre Haute. Indiana.
OCT OF THE ORDINARY.
The cost of the Spanish-American war
was $350,000,000; that of the Boer war,
11.400,000,000. '
The Filipinos est large quantities of dried
grasshoppers, and also prepare them In
confections.
The Standard Oil company and the
American Tobacco company control the
products of Japan In their respective lines.
An alcohol lamp gives off but half the
heat and vitiates the atmosphere but half
as much aa a kerosene lamp of the sumi
Illuminating power.
Money sent back to Italy by Italian
laborers In the United States Is the finan
cial salvation of many communities In
southern Italy.
The cost of maintaining the English
navy now amounts to 122 a year for every
family In Great Britain, or more than two
weeks' wages for the great body of ths
working people.
Half a century ago Ave times as many
men committed suicide aa women. Now
the proportion Is two and a half to one.
The number of suicides among children Is
Increasing rapidly.
Intoxicants affect men In various ways.
When a Frenchman has drunk too much
he wants to dance, a German to sing, a
Spaniard to gamble, an Englishman to eat,
an Italian to boast, an Irishman to fight,
and an American to make a speech.
Mrs. Mary Sickly, who died recently at
Medicine Springs. Okl., willed 110000 to
near relatives. Her trunk she left to the
physician who has been her medical ad
viser for twenty years. Upon opening the
trunk the other day the doctor was horl
fled to lind It full of pill boxes and all the
medicine he had prescribed for her in
twenty years.
After receiving one current of 45.000 volts
and another of 1&.H0 and falling forty feet
to the ground, Harry Elsey. on electrle
lineman. Is alive, with the loss of two toes
the only permanent Injury. Elsey has re
turned from Kalamasoo, where he has
been six weeks in a hospital recovering.
j'Barker'
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NEB.
His recovery Is considered one of the most
remarksble on record. The current was so
strong that It melted the soles of his rub
ber boots.
By swallowing a false tooth Dr. Orvllle
Westell of Brooklyn saved hie life. He
was asleep when the tooth dropped down
his throat, The pain It caused awoke him.
when he found the gas In his room wss
escaping. In a suffocating condition ba
managed to shut off the fluid In time to
save him from complete asphyxiation.
Ten farmers grubbing trtes on William
Pryor's farm, adjoining Duck Hollow, near
Waterloo, 111., a wilderness of forest snq
rock caves chased six dogs after a wolf
near by. The dogs returned, followed by
eighteen angry wolves, and the men were
attacked and had a fierce battle for their
lives. Three men were badly bitten, four
dogs were killed, and Ave wolves shot snd
two killed with axes, the remainder fleeing.
The wolvee have killed many sheep, bogt
and cattle, and the farmers fear they wilt
attack children going to school. Five dol
lars state bounty is paid for each wolf
killed.
Difference Betveeea "PI" aad Pfe."
When type that has been set up Is acci
dentally overturned or mixed, the Jumble
and Its results are technically known as
"pi." Borne year, ago, Joel Chandler Har
ris, the author, wns playing whist at Warm
Springs, Ga., with three women. The lat
ter had bothered "Uncle Remus" consid
erably by talking throughout the game
and by asking him foolish questions. Finally
one said: "Oh, Mr. Harris! Please tell me
what is the real difference between 'p-4'
and 'p-l-e?' "
Carefully adjusting bis eyeglasses, Mr.
Hafrls slowly replied: "The latter Is the
foundation of the wealth of New England
and the basis of Indigestion. Tbe former
is the raleon d' etre of profanity and the
sine qua non of dlaloct stories." Success.
