f7x"lNCE In a whllo it Is given to tho
I I sons of tho rich to rhlo out of tho
LmJ ranks nnd to distinguish thcm-
IWttffl BU'VCS 1(1 tl,e fle,(1 ot m,e"t- Quito
Vmur recently It was young Vnndcrbllt
Inventing n locomotive. Just now It Is
Cooper Hewitt, giving tho world a now
light. Ills caso Is oven more spectacular
thnn that of Vnndcrbllt, for tho effects of
his Invention will ho moro far-reaching.
Tho Interest evoked by such a man
cannot bo less than that Inspired by tho
far-reaching effects of his work. And to
gaugo the Intter let It bo said that ho has
succeeded In n field In which our host
scientists have as yet produced nothing.
It Is now more than four yenrs since
Peter Cooper Hewitt hegnn his experiments
In Madison Square garden. Ho opened his
laboratory In tho tower of tho garden, Just
one lloor under tho gilded stntuo of Diana.
Tho very protnlncnco of tho situation lent
It a ccrtnln obscurity. Ho wished not to
bu disturbed and no one would think of
looking for tho workshop ot a scientist
In tho same building that harbored horso
shows, cyclo meets and spectacle plays.
Ho labored with that chimera which sooner
or later claims tho attention of nil scien
tific men tho production of light without
heat. He studied tho work of Tcsla, ot
Edison, ot Crookes. He followed their lead
nnd, hnvlng tested their experiments, ha
scon mado up his mind that they had not
reached tho uttermost limits of this de
partment of electrical research. Ho was
young and time was no object. He had
abundant means, so money did not count.
Occasionally the societies heard of him
when ho told of certain progress ho had
made. To his friends he was a promising
joung scientist, who might do something
some day. Generally speaking, however,
tho public heard llttlo of tho young In
ventor In tho tower.
Tho "soino day" camo with tho new year.
On tho evening of Friday, January 3,
passersby In front of tho meeting hull
of tho Now York Society of Mechanical En
glnecrs raw what appeared to be a column
cf light extending up nnd down tho house
front. The light came from a glass tube
nnd It made tho street nearly as light ns
day for a hundred feet In every direction.
It was tho Invention ot Young Peter Cooper
Hewitt. Tho meeting hall of tho building
was lighted by four tubes similar to tho ono
In front nnd tho Inventor was even then
within explaining to the society members
the naturo of his discovery. Tho four tubes
which hung In tho hall illuminated It with
n brilliancy equal to COO candlo power nnd
photographs of tho assembled members
wero taken with tho new light.
Tho Hewitt lamp, however, Is so thor
oughly adapted to present day conditions
that no special wiring is required, no spe
cial dynamo Is necessary to operate It. It
may bo attached to any Incandescent light
circuit now in use and it will glow as
roadlly ns an Edison lamp, only with many
times tho brilliancy. And yet tho perfected
lamp Is such a simple affair that ono won
dors somo of tho brainy men of the scien
tific world had not hit upon tho idea long
ngo. It Is nctually a fact that many ot
them not only experimented with this stylo
of lamp, but oven tried lamps of tho very
size, shapo and contents of thoso used by
Mr. Hewitt and, falling to produco tho do
rlred effect, discarded the Idea as Impos
sible. Tho lamps used by Mr. Hewitt are
In tho shape of gloss tubes, from ono to
ten feet long nnd from ono to four inches
thick. There Is a small amount of mercury
in each tubo and tho current acting on the
mercury generates a gas which yields nn
IntOnsn Wllltn llL'tlt. Tt la nnlv n,.noaaqi.
to nttnch n tllhn tn nn rinl Intiru InAfidilna.
cent lamp circuit and It will light up. Mr.
Howltt encountered tho same difficulties ns
tho other scientists. Tho tubes would not
light up nt first. Hut ho thought there
must bo somo underlying principle which
could ho but discover It would solvo tho
dlfllculty. Ho finally put It to tho test of
mathematics and worked it out algebraic
ally Just as Prof. Pupln worked out the
prlnclplo of ocean telephony. It took him
f 1ANIEL AND WILLIAM HUTCH
I lf I IN0S' twln uroth""8 t Sclplo,
am., im ni iuui;ii uiinu UlUl Ulliy
their wives and children know
them apart. A few years ago
Daniel Bought r.dmlsslon Into tho Masonic
order, but the members, for what they re
garded as prudential reasons, Insisted that
William should Join also, nnd tho twins
woro put through together. In their court
ship days they are now 53 years old thoy
UBcd to spark each other's sweethearts and
tho girls did not know tho difference.
Senator Kearns ot Utah began life ns a
miner and attained to fortune and to In
fluence eololy through tho exercise ot an
Indomltnblo will and an unconquerable dis
position to persovero. Ho knows the
value of money bo well that ho declines to
wasto tlmo In tho Idle spccu'.ntlons, bo
dear to somo men, touching financial
propositions which do not exist. Not long
ngo somo senators, among whom was
Kearns, wero discussing largo fortunes in
ono of tho capltol clonk rooms. Kearns
took no part In tho talk until some one
called attention to the fact that a certain
millionaire was reputed to havo received
175,000,000 In cash (or bis share of stock
New Hewitt Tube Electric Light
A SIDE VIEW OP THE NEW
four yenrs, but tho result was triumph, for
tho tubo lighted up in tho end.
A first visitor to the tower Is surprised
by two things tho Intense scientific order
that prevails and tho brilliancy ot the Il
lumination. Ono of tho tubes projects out
ward from tho wall and you notlco that It
has a green tint. Looking from tho win
dows far over toward Urondway, tho houses
and the streets and tho atmosphere appear
reddish In hue. That is due to tho color
of tho particular lamp which Is lighted.
Someono turns it off and you begin to sco
things from your accustomed viewpoint or
rather hue point. Mr. Howltt comes for
ward. Ho Is well favored physically and
ono would say about 3.r years of age. In
reply to your questions ho plunges at onco
Into tho subject of vacuum lamps, but his
attltudo Is moro reticent than enthusiastic.
"This lamp," said tho Inventor, pointing
to a U-shaped tube, which hung by a string
from tho celling, "Is not a vacuum lnmp In
tho sense that there Is nothing In It. The
nlr has been almost exhausted, but there Is,
as you may see, somo mercury lu the
lower end of tho tube. It would not bo
possible to Eond n current of electricity
through a complete vacuum. Something
must be left to conduct tho curront. In
this caso It Is mercury vapor. All sub
stances may bo rendered Into a gaseous
stato If brought under tho Influence of more
or less heat nnd when wo try to pass n cur
rent through that tubo enough heat Is gen
erated to creato a vapor or gas of mercury
which fills tho tube. Tho current passlns
through that vapor produces tho Illumina
tion you now see."
Mr. Hewitt snapped n switch under an
other lamp which was attached to tho wall.
Immediately UiIb tubo lighted up with n
glaro equal ns It seemed to the light of an
arc lamp.
"That lamp," ho continued, "Is operated
on the Incandescent lighting circuit of this
Episodes and Incidents in the Lives of Noted People
In n great corporation. A senator whoso
fortune docs not go beyond tho limits of
his salury turned to the representative
from Utah nnd said: "What would you
do with $76,000,000 In cash?" Kearns looked
his Interrogator over for a moment nnd
then slowly replied: "Well, that's n lilt,
tlo too much money to spend In n tow
minutes' conversation. "
For three months Andrew Carnegie was
"posted" on tho bulletin board of tho St.
Androw Golf club, Westchester, N. Y., tjr
CO cents. Mr. Carneglo had forgotten that'
he had contracted the debt and under tho
club rules, which nro Impartially enforced,
his namo had to bo added to tho list of
delinquents at tho expiration, ot thirty
days. When his attention was called to
tho notlco on tho bulletin board ho laughed
and sent In his check for tho nmount due.
Coming east to lloston somo tlmo ago.
relates tho Boston Post, Senator Warren
of Wyoming traveled on a certain railroad
nnd lost his trunk. It contained many
valuablo costumes bclbnglng to his wife nnd
his own outfit, so that Its loss was no
smull matter. Ho struggled for somo time
to And a trace of the trunk, but without
success, nor could ho secure any reim
HEWITT TUIIE L1QHT.
building, tho same circuit employed to light
tho ordinary lG-candlo power bulb lamps,
such as uro everywhere In use. Hut thu
Illuminating power Is eight times that ot
tho ordinary lamp. I have nmdo lamps
with diameter of boro less than one-eighth
ot an Inch and as largo ns three Inches,
and from less than three Inches lu length
up to over ten feet, giving from less thuu
10-candlo power up to fully 3,000. Lamps of
tnuumerablu shapes ami dimensions have
been constructed nnd great variation of
candlo power for vnrlous diameters obtained
and there appears to bu nu reason why
lamps may nut be mado of any size and
of nny desired candle power, the only limi
tation being that of softening the gloss,
when too many candlo power per Inch Is
produced,
"In tho Incandescent lamp the carbon
filament Is highly resistant to tho electric
current nnd the passage of the cur
rent heats tho filament so that light la
generated. In tho now lamp tho mercury
vapor lakes tho place of tho filament. Its
resistance, however, is very much greater
than the rcslstnnco ot tho carbon, anil when
sufficient current Is passed :i much innru
brilliant light Is produced. It was thought
to bo impossible to use tho constant cur
rent becuuso tiio very lesistonco of tho
vupor kept this current from pnsalng
through.
"1 discovered a peculiar fact, howover,
and working therefrom solved tho problem.
I found that tho resistance of the mercury
vapor was only, as It wero, momentnry.
That Is, tho moment any current nt all wns
pntsed through tho tubo the current Itself
seemed gradually to break down tho ro
slstnncu until nt last the resistance became
so sin ill that even a coustnnt or Incan
descent current would light tho tube. At
present I usu n small spark or Induction
coll to open the path Immediately for tho
current. In short, It tho current Is turned
bursement. Ills method of getting even
wns unique.
Upon returning to Choyenno ho plnced
a wntchninn In the railroad yards with In
structions to report tho arrival of tho first
freight cor bearing the name of tho road
upon which ho had traveled. In a day or
two tho watchman gavo tho necessary In
formation. Senator Warren at onco wont
before n local mnglstrato and sued out an
attachment upon tho freight cnr. Then ho
wired to tho railroad officials stating what
ho had done, nnd awaited results.
In less than threo hours camo n dlBpateh
saying that n check for tho value of tho
missing trunk hnd been forwarded to him,
and asking him to lot tho freight ear pro
coed upon Its way. Then tho suit wnB with
drawn. Tho statement was mado tho olhor day
In tho Now York Trlbuno that, In aplto of
his advancing years, Colonel Henry Wnttcr
son ot Louisville gots to his nfllco every
morning at 7 o'clock, which necessitates
very early rising, as ho lives twenty miles
from Louisville, and drives to his nlllco
behind a spirited pair of Kentucky mnres.
This has elicited from n correspondent tho
following: "Tho Information hero given
bbbbbbbbbLH bBTwbbbbHbbbbbbbiI bLLI
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBMCf "fiFVPBBH BBBBBBbT
NO MOKE API'AUATUS IS ItEQUIRED TH
Into tho tube, ordinarily It will not light
until a spark from tho coll Is first driven
through to brenk down the resistance, to
blazo n way, bo to speak, for tho current.
Ot course, tho wholo operation 1b Instan
taneous." One of tho spark colls was attached to
thu lamp on tho wall nnd when Mr. Hewitt
turned on tho switch to light tho lamp tho
snapping of tho parlB could bu heard. The
intense whiteness of tho light beenmo tho
subject of comment. It has always been
said that tubo lighting would bo undesirable
bornura of tho absence of rl rays. Mr.
Howltt was asked about this. Ho replied:
"The light produced by pure mercury gim
comprises ornngo-yollow, lemon-yellow,
green, blue, blue-vlolet nnd violet, nnd al
though all Hhadcs of theso colors mny not
bo present their nbsenco would not bo so
seriously felt wero It not for tho absence
of tho red. For somo purpose tho lack of
red In tho spectrum Is objectionable, but
for many uses It Is n positive advantage.
For shopwork, draughting, reading nnd
other work whero tho eyo Is called on for
continued strain tho nbsenco of red Is nn
ndvontngo, for I havo found light without
tho red much less tiring to the oyo than
with It. It Is posslblo to transform Borne
wnvcB of this light, especially tho yellow
light, Into red light, and thus In n mcasuru
to overcome this defect whero required for
general Indoor Illumination, A moderate
amount of ordinary incandescent light In
terspersed with tho mercury vnpor elec
trically nerves to supply thu deficiency, nnd
,tho mixture may bo mndo most satisfactory.
"For street lighting purposes tho mer
cury Is nvallahlo oven without tho red
and It should bo noticed that this light
has very great penetrating power and seems
to bo effective through grentcr dlstnncos
thnn nn equivalent amount of measured
cnndlo power from tho ordlnnry Incnu
desccnt lamp. This mny bo duo to tho fnct
should hnvu eomo under n 'Now Fiction'
heading. 'Marto Henry's' cilice hours aro
more nearly 12 to 1 ovcry other Wednes
day, nnd on tho plko, with tho ruins ovor
n pnlr of spirited mares, Cod savo tho other
vehicles!"
Tho London Academy reprints from
Charles Stewart's recently Issued nulnblog
raphy, "Heiiilnlsconccs of Legal and Social
Life In Edinburgh and Ixindon, 1850-1000,"
tho following remlnlsccnco ot Tennyson:
"With Alfred Tennyson In his latter
years I hnd rather frequont opportunities ot
meeting, both In London and at his country
homo. Personal Intimacy with grcut authors
Ih n dangerous oxporlment, nnd especially
with great poets, for their Imnglimtlvo
writings have (stimulated ono's Ideas about
their personality till ono foolishly half ex
pects in find their genius displaying Itself
In ovory word nnd notion of their dally llfo.
Tennyson fulfilled such nn unreasonable
Idciil perhapa as well as any man could, for
his personal nppearanco, with which ovory
ono Is familiar, wus, of course, magnificent
and his manners and habits of llfo wero
dignified, If n little poetically eccentric.
Hut tho adulation which ho received from
his family and friends wns somowbnt sati
AN FOR THE OK 1)1 N A It Y lll'LIt LH1IIT.
that tho waves ot thu red light are less
penetrating than thoso waves which nre
present In tho mercury light, nnd hcuco
the least valuable portion ot tho spectrum
having such Illuminating effects Is
omitted and tho energy Is practically ex
pended In tho more useful portions of tho
spectrum. 1 have mado lamps In which this
color objection has been overcome, sacri
ficing on some occasions tho extremely high
light elllclency nbtnlucd In this particular
lamp. Without doubt lamps of this typo
will bo produced whoso light will bo even
moro beautiful thuu this light Is objection
able. Thu fact that different gases or
vapors produco different colors opens tho
way for experimentation In this line. 1
havo produced lamps of unions colors, Hy
drogen gas gives a largo amount of red
rays; so does nitrogen. I havo mndo blue
lamps ami yulliiw. TIiIh feature of the
color rays will bo Improved with time.
There Is a precedent In tho WolBbach lamp,
which was very bluu when If Van first.
used, and In tho Nernst lamp, which' has
also been Improved, Even tho Edison In
candescent lump was defective in Us color
quality when first Invented."
in the opinions of many scientific men,
tho Invention of tho Hewitt lump Is tin
greatest electric lighting achievement since
tho Kdlson lamp was given to tho world.
Tho cost of running the new light Is now
but one-eighth of that of tho Edison lamp,
power for power. It must, therefore, bo
more economical than gns, even ns cheap
oh kcroeone, Thu dnrkcHt parts of eltloH
could bo lighted iih well and even mora
economically than their main streets.
Lighthouses will bo nblo to shed their luy.i
many moru miles out to sen than thoy do
at preaont. Tho danger of collision between
steamships will bo minimized. In short
there Is almost no department of public, or
private life that would not bu benefited by
such an llluinlnant.
ating, I hnvu seen Mr a. (iroville, a woman
herself of tho most brilliant talent, nctually
urctdiatu herself mi thu llcor before him,
Just as I havo Been ladles of rank mid tal
ent literally sitting nt the feet or Sir Henry
Irving, Tennyson would havo been more
than human If ho hail restated thu urfect or
this hero worship.
"A llttlo niece of mine was ono day
Standing beside his chair; ho lifted her up
nnd placed her on his kneo for half a mlii
uto nnd then he put her down, saying ,
'Now, you can say you havo sat on Tenny
son's kneo.' It was kindly meant, but thero
was n self-cotiHclousucBs In tho word nnd In
tho net which wan not Infrequently In bo
observed In tho poet."
Frederick Ilussoll Ilurnhnm, upon whom
King Edward hns conferred tho Distin
guished Sorvlco Order, In consideration or
his work ns scout In South Africa, Is a
natlvo of California nnd n resident of
Pasadena. Ho wont to Join Lord Hoborts
In tho Hour war In tho spring of 1900.
Ilurnhnm hns n wldo reputation for his
ability ob n scout. Iloforo going to South
Africa ho had been spending somo tlmo In
Alaska.
