MONUMENT FOR JENNIE WADE
IowaWsmin Rumimber a Heroine of Get
tysburg Field.
"SHE HATH DON- WHAT SHrl COULD"
Cilrl Who finte Her l.llc lo Aid the
Soldier of Memle In I'lnnlli- lion
ored with an Approprlnte.
.Memorial,
(From n Staff Correspondent.)
DE3 MOINES, Sept. 15.' (Special.) A
small party of Iowa members of the
Women's Relief corp started for Gettys
burg, Pa., last week to participate In a
ceremonial highly Interesting to them and
to members of tho Women's Relief corns
of the country. At Cleveland tho parly will
bo augmented by a number who have been
attending tho national encampment and at
Gettysburg, on the great natloual ccmcterv
there, theso lowu women will on Monday
morning unveil a mouument to a girl martyr
who died na a true soldier of the union.
This Is tho monumcat to Jennie Wade, "tho
Gettysburg Maid," who gavo up her llfo
that she might aid tho cause of patriotism
and union.
Tho story of the martyrdom of Jennie
Wade has often been told, but will bear re
peating In brief: Her mother lived In a
small brick house In tho vlllago of Gettys
burg when the confederate -army gave de
fiance to tho Array of tho rotomac on north
ern soil. Jennie was a mcro girl, 20 years
old; she loved one who was wearing n uni
form In the army commanded by Meade.
Her sister Georgia was married. Her hus
band, a cousin of General McOlellsn. was a
soldier In tho One Hundred nnd 3lr.tv-fifth
Pennsylvania Infantry. Tho mother nnd
daughters were nlono In the home when tho
battle broke all around them. Thn union
lines were but a short distance from the
house and sometimes were driven back Into
tho yard. Their houso was struck many
times and yet during tho llrst day of the
battle Jennie, with true dovotlon to tho
cause which her lover championed, spent
tho day carrying water from the old well,
drawn up by a wlndlee. to fill tho canteens
of tho men In tho battlc-llnes. Her cour
age, born of loyalty, nover failed her. She
and her mother and sister were open to
dangers, as Is shown by tho fact that nt
the close of the first day'a battle fifteen
tinlon soldiers lay dead In the yard about
their home. They realized as few women
did tho terrors of actual warfare.
When Jennie Wim Killed.
On tho morning of July 3 tho battle com
menced early, but tho women of the little
brick house were astir, and they had sent
out to see what best they could do for tho
fighting men. They found that something
besides tho army rations would be appre
ciated as food. Jennlo Wnde said to hor
mother:
"1 will mako biscuits for them, and you
shall start tho fire In the oven."
They went to work with a will to pro
lde for the soldiers warm biscuits for their
morning ration. It wob about 7 o'clock In
tho morning and they had already donn
much. Jennie was stonding bcBlde her
mother at the kitchen tabic, hor hands at
work with tho flour and dough, when a
mlnnlo ball from a confederate rifle crashed
through tho wall of tho kitchen nnd struck
her head. Sho fell dead beoldo her mother.
The story of her sad death camo to the
knowledgo of tho union soldiers and tho
next day nt sundown, when tho battle had
ceated, they gave her the burial of a truo
, soldier, using a coffin which had been pre
pared for a soldier. Tho grave was modestly
marked and the Incldept forgotten by all
save the few who wero nearest to tho
martyr girl.
Just after tho national encampment of
1S0! at Philadelphia n company of Iowa
women was piloted about the Gettysburg
battlefield by Georgia Wade McCicllan. now
a resident of Denlson, la. They were shown
the little grave modestly marked, nnd the
brick house still showing tho holes In tho
wall through which deadly bullets passed.
Tbo suggestion was made that. In vlow of
the fact that tho sister of Jennie Wade had
been so conspicuous in Woman's Relief
corps circles In Iowa, tho Iowa women
should erect a fitting monument to her
memory. Tbo suggestion was nctcd on nnd
a committee, nt tho head of which was Mrs.
Margaret P. Hlnman of Ilelmond. was an
pointed to solicit funds nnd suporlntend
the work. Otbor members wore Mary K.
Dearborn of Red Oak and Sadlo H. Jones
of Centervtlle. They wore entirely success
ful and the monument has been erected and
la now ready for unvoillng.
Her Monument Complete.
The monument Is an appropriate ono.
There Is a large granltn base surmounted
by statue of Jennie Wado In pure white
marble, the work of a competent sculptor.
The figure represents her holding a cup In
her right hand, while from her left arm
rang two army canteens. On tho base of
the monument aro the following Inscrip
tions: "Jennie Wade, killed July S, lira, while
making bread for union soldiers.
"Erected by tho Women's Relief corps of
Iowa, 1001.
"What Clod wllleth must bo, though n
nation mourns.
"With a courage horn of loyalty, sho hath
lone what she could."
The following was arranged by the women
In charge of tho unveiling ns tho program
which Is to be carried out on Monday morn
ing at 10 o'clock nt tho monument In Gettya
burg cemetery:
"nVSinl10 ndl? V.- Jmes. Centervlllo.
"String of Pearls." Georgia 11. Worker,
Davenport, department president, Women's
Relief corps.
Prayer. Mrs. Colonel Springer, Anamoia.
oong, "America."
"Tho Gettysburg Maid." by MUs' Mamie
Htunti. recited by Christina Snyder, Crei
ton, past department president.
"Our Monument," Margaret P. Illnmnri.
Delmond, chairman monument committee.
"Iowh'b Gift." Mnry Sears McHemy,
I)enlton, past natlonnl president.
son, past department president.
Song, "Iowa."
Mlspah. Estelle Plopper; Iowa Palls, de
partment treasurer.
' One reason for the deep Intorest In tho
matter felt by the Iowa women Is the fact
that Mrs. McCIellan, tho sister of Jennie
Wade, has ever been active In Woman's
Relief corps work In Iowa. Much of tho
credit for tho sucoess of tho movement
Is due to Mrs. Hlnmnn of Delmond, who do
voted a great deal of time to the move
ment, The Iowa visitors to Gettysburg
will ever have a now object of Interest In
this fitting monument to a brave soldier
lrl.
AMr.llHWX MUCHAMCS LIIAI).
Dean of Armour Inntltute Talka nt
Kuronenii Technlnl MehonU,
Victor C. Alderson, dean of Armour Insti
tute, returned recently from Europo con
vlnced that European natlotiH and their gov
ernments are afraid ot losing their markets
a American products In all things snvo art
ind literature.
In the Inventions In machinery and the
ipplltd sciences, reports tho Chicago Cbrcn
Icle, the professor found tho rountrlcs most
lyplccj ot European civilization to bo very
tar In the rear of progress In this country.
Rut In the theories upon which tho march
of progress Is postulated ho found the tech
nical schools of the old world have the lead
for the present, although even In this phase
the supremacy Is rapidly being disputed tu
America.
Improvements in regard to tho develop
ment of laboratory or experimental work
will be Introduced in the Armour Institute!
The Yellow Journal Pest
New York Sun.
Wo are receiving by every post and from
all parts of tho union great numbers of
letters urging and exhorting us to advocate
and formulnto measures for the extirpation
of the varloty of Journalism which has come
to be know as "yellow." So many nre those
letters that tho limitations of our spaco
permit us to print only a selected few of
them, though, In their literary character
and becauso of their high moral and In
tellectual level, they all Invito publication.
This school of Journalism began with
vulgarity And Indecency, and for that reason
Is was soon excluded from the homes of
refined and self-respecting families aa a
corrupting Influence, and by formal action
from all reputable clubs. Gradually, how
ever, It has been able to appeal to the con
sideration of certain uncritical minds who
havo been Induced to uso It as a vehicle of
communication with a supposedly largo part
of tho public, to which Its very coarseness
gives it peculiar access. Kven Christian
ministers havo consented to become con
spicuous contributors to one of the Journals
of this school and have enjoyed, or resented,
tho sight of the flaming portraits of them
selves with which their association with the
forbidden Journalism was celebrated. Even
If tho proximity of their articles and pis
lures to witless cartoons deriding and de
filing the highest and best national Ideals
and aspirations and lampooning tho loftiest
examples of devotln
did not awaken In them discontent with that
KHHociauon. u is somewhat surprising that
studied provocations to assassination and
sedition, printed along with their pious
contributions, did not give sufficient warn
Ing to any respectable person of even nvcr
age discernment to get out of such company
ns speedily as possible. As these religious
teachers, however, have continued In that
society, we can only assume In rharltv that
they have proceeded on tho theory that as
It takes a thief to cat(jh a thelf It may be
necessary to set n vii mMn in i,i
, preacher of decency Into tho vllo crowd he
would upuii ny ms exhortations. Por the
direct aislstance these papers have received
from that source, In stirring up social dis
content and violence, even the widest
charily Is nt a loss to find nn excuse.
Now that an ntroclous anarchistic as
sault on the president hns hecn provoked
by the teachings of this Journalistic school,
perhaps these bishops and other clergy will
begin to seo that their alliance was only
courted In order that Incendiary Journalism
might seem to have the sanction of priests
of religion. Por such Journalism, from Its
original ribaldry and coarseness, adopted
nt first In order to attract the vulgnr crowd,
has now graduated Into a serious nnd
How Money is Made
Tho process by which the ore from tho
mlno Is changed Into the new nnd glitter
ing coin Is long nnd tedious, but n brief
summary of tho principal steps, as detailed
by tho Scientific American, may bo of somo
Interest. Tho ore as It comes from the
ground must first pass through tho smelt
ing process, by means of which the metal
Is extracted and converted into bnrs of
gold or silver, the methods naturally vary
ing according to the character of the oro
and the locality.
Somo Idea of the enormous amounts that
havo been handled by tho various mints
and assay offices Is shown by tho statement
that $2,f1f6,763,252.27 represents tho total
amount of colnago of tho various mints of
tho United States from tho establishment
of the Philadelphia mint to tho end of
June. 1900. Of this great amount tho total
gold coinage was $2,167',0R8,113, the' total
silver, $796,171. 159.ER nnd the total minor
coinage amounted to 503, Ot59. 72. The
bars of gold or silver, known as "bullion,"
aro carefully assayed cither at tho mint
or nt one ot the assay offices In New York
City, Helena, Mont., or Denver, Colo., and
from these the coins are mado.
Tbo first step consists In preparing
nn alloy for colnago of tho refined
gold or silver, which Is nearly
pure, with copper, and this
Is accomplished by weighing out quantities
of gold and copper, or silver and cupper,
which are thon melted togother In a large
black-lead crucible; nnd after tho molten
motals are thoroughly mixed they are
poured Into cast Iron molds to produce
rectangular bars called "Ingots," which
vnry In size according to the denomination
of the coin for which they are Intended.
Thus, tho Ingot for the "double eagle" Is
twelve and five-eighths Inches long, ono
half Inch thick and one and a half Inches
wide, and weighs eighty ounceu, while the
Ingot for the silver dollar Is twelve and n
half Inches long, one-halt Inch thick and
one and five-eighths Inches wide. The
Ingot Is thon pnssed between heavy rolls
from which It Issues In long narrow strips.
This operation Is called "breaking down,"
and makes the metal hard and springy, and
If continued would cause It to crncl; and
split. In order to prevent this tho strips
are annealed by being heated In a furnace
to about 1.500 degrees Fahrenhult, where
they remain for about an hour and a half,
according to the heat of tho furnace and
tho slzo of the strips. They aro then
cooled In water and each strip wiped dry,
after which they nro finally passed through
the rolls. "Doublo eagles" and "eagles"
pass through tho finishing rolls threo'tlmes,
while "half" nnd "quarter eagles" must go
through at least fourttmcs. The strips nre
again annealed, cut In two for convenience
In handling, taken to the pointing rolls
so that an Inch and n half of the end may
bo pointed or flattened and greased with
tallow to permit their easy passago through
tho dies of tho drawbonch. The draw
bench consists of two Independent sec
tions, each of which has two dies regulated
by sctscrows, and botwoen these dies the
pointed end of tho strip is pnssed, being
solzed by tho Jaws of the carriage, drawn
by means of an endless chain, which ro
duces the strip ns nearly as possible to
standard weight. This is ascertained by
weighing sample blanks or planchets that
are cut from either one..
When tbo btrlps aro deemed of proper
as a result of Prof. AldorBon's observations
abroad. His visit to Europe was practically
a tour of observation, In which, with Prof.
Howard M. Raymond, principal ot tho Ar
mour Institute's scientific acudemy, he
sought out the newest and most approved
technological methods for transplanting to
American shores.
In the departments ot engineering tor
governmental purposes of prospective war
or Industrial and territorial development
Prof. Alderson sees In the inevitable open
ing up and development of China a great
chance tor the Ingenuity of Germans,
Frenchmen and Englishmen. He thinks
that In the system of public works to bo In
augurated In China Inventions of a marvel
ous nature are sure to be seen and that
these may later be of Immense advantage
to the constructors of translsthmlan water
ways and other strategic or commercial en
terprises on this hemisphere.
"Prof, Raymond nnd myself found at
Zurich. In the little republic of Switzerland,
tho best school of engineering In tho
world," said Mr. Alderson yesterday after
noon. "Por years the European schools,
especially thoso of Germany, France and
Switzerland, have been highly developed
In theoretical work. In the last ten years
they have been modeling the practical side'
of the work upon the method lu vogue so
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: MONDAY' SEPTEMBER 16, 1901.
studied propaganda of socla'l revolution.
Among tho letters received by us on tho
subject aro several from newspaper writers
who were driven by the exigencies of their
profession to accept employment under the
founder of this new and corrupt school,
but who escaped from it so soon as they
aw tho moral depths Into which It led
them and recognlicd the character of the
associations Into which they had got thom
elves. At this time, happily for tho public,
young men of liberal education and finely
trained natural abilities are tending numer
ously to tho business or profession of Jour
nalism, and a far higher moral standard
than formerly prevails among tho writers
In every department of It. That this stream
of cultivation and high and honorable am
bition should bo subjected to contamination
from such a source Is deplorable.
And this leads us to say that the evils
and dangers of tho peculiar school of Jour
allsra we nro discussing nro aggravated
because It Is served with satanlc ability
which Is often very considerable and some
times even remarkable. Its opportunities
for accomplishing Its malevolent purpose,
too, aro extraordinary becauso of the avidity
with which It Is read by a vast clientage
of people In the very social conditions from
which trouble may come. Wo aro told that
one of tho editions of the newspaper which
Is most pernicious circulates In vast num
bers among the operatives In populous fac
tory towns, scores and hundreds of miles
away, besides Its circulation among honest
peoplo of the same kind, here, as alto among
all of tho dlsrcputablo and dangerous ele
ments of thU community and its neighbor
hood. Never before In the history of civili
zation nnywhero was nn Instrument of dis
order nnd sedition used so effectually nnd
none had so great opportunities for Its
malign propaganda.
Now, this Is something we say with great
reluctance concerning any American news
paper, for It is our wish and our habit
rather to discover and applaud tho merit
nnd ability and honorable purpose which
so generally distinguish American Journal
Ism. In this country there aro many thou
sands of newspapers, relatively to the pop
ulation, far moro than In any other part
of civilization, and as an educating force
among our people they are of the first
Importance. These thousands of newspaper
editors are not subjected to any formal
code of ethics. They are not obliged, like
lawyers and physicians and ministers of
religion, to attest their qualifications In
nn ofllclal examination before receiving
their professional credentials; yet actually
there Is as high and severe nn ethical codo
to which these editors submit themselves
weight they aro taken to the cutting shears
and the pointed ends cut off, after which
they pass to tho cutting press, where, by
means of a steel punch working into a
matrix, tho plnuchets, aro cut therefrom.
Those blanks nre then tnken to tho wash
ing room, where they aro cleansed from
grcaso by washing In n lye composed ot
soap, borax and water. After rinsing In
clean water they are dried in a large cop
per pan, heated by steam. They are then
carefully examined on the selecting tablo
and all perfect blanks separated from tho
Imperfect ones nnd, In case of gold coins,
must have ihe following weights: "Double
eagle," 516 grains; "eagle," 258 grains;
"half eagle," n29 grains, and "quarter
eagle." 64.5 grains, although au allowanco
of half a grain is permitted in the case of
the "double eagle" and "eaglo'Vand a quar
ter grain In the "hnlf" and "quarter eagle."
This weight Is determined In tho adjusting
room, where each piece Is placed upon the
balance, and If heavier than the limit Is
reduced by filing Its edge, whereas If lighter
It Is condemned and returned to the raelter.
The accepted planchets are then taken to
the milling machine, where tbo raised
edge, technically called "milling," Is put
on them.
The machines known as milling machines
are simply upsetting devices and the former
designation often mislead ono not familiar
with minting processes. The first duty of
the milling machine Is to upset the blank
after It leaves the cutting press by pass
ing tho pleco between a segment and a re
volving dlek. Grooves are cut In tho disk
and segment by a sharp tool and the shape
of the grooves hss been tho subject of con
siderable experiment In order to give as
square an edgo as posslblo to tho finished
coin without producing a fin. It Is driven
by a three-horso-powcr compound-wound
motor running at 375 revolutions per mln
uto and transmits a rotary movement to
the disk through back gears. Tho disk
runs at sixty revolutions per minute. Tho
blanks aro fed by the operator Into the
tubo and are pushed against the disk by a
small feeder, and the friction on tho disk
carries tho blank around the inside of tho
segment nnd then It drops into a box. This
upsetting raachlno will upset 675 half-dollars
per minute and the machines for other
denominations will turn out a proportional
amount. Nine of those machines, excepting
the motor, wero designed nnd built at the
United States mint, and It Is the Intention
of the authorities to gradually work Into
the designing and building of special ma
chines for coining operations.
Tho advantage of tho milling process Is
that It protects tho surface of the coin
from abrasion. Tho milled pieces must bo
again cleaned and softened, which Is ac
complished by annealing them at a cherry
red heat, after which they are dipped Into
n solution of sulphuric acid and water
sufficiently strong to clean and brighten
them. Thoy aro then rinsed In boiling
water and shaken In sawdust to dry them,
after which they aro ready for the stamp
ing press. Reforo stamping a brief descrip
tion of the dlo Is uecejsary. The design
being solected, a drawing Is made the exact
size ot the coin required and from this
drawing a tracing Is taken for tho purpose
of transferring the design to the die. This
la accomplished by covering the surface
of the die, which has previously been made
long nnd with such conspicuous success In
this country."
In England tho professors found the
schools of engineering In a rather backward
state as compared with this country and
the loading nations of continental Europe.
It All. ROAD TAXKD IJSO.OOO.OOO.
Their Kutlmatril Contributions to Ihe
I'nlillc Revenue I, nut Year.
It has long been a familiar charge made
by agitators, lays the New York Sun, that
the railroads of the United States, tnjoylng
Innumerable advantages and ytoldlng largo
profits to their owners, practically es
caped the burdens of taxation, or at least
paid to tho state and local treasuries sums
so entirely dlsproportloned to the benefits
received ns to amount fo no tax at nil. As
a matter of fact, the railroads of the United
States contribute a very large sum annually
to the public revenue and this Item was last
year In excess of $50,000,000, as Is shown
by a computation recently made.
In direct taxes tho railroads of New York
paid last year $1,500,000. those of Illinois
$4,100,000, those of Pennsylvania $3,700,000
and the other large states the following
sums; Massachusetts, $2,900,000; Ohio,
voluntarily and to which ther hold all mem
bcrs of their calling, under the penalty o
condemnation and contempt for Its viola
Hon, as thero Is to be found In any of the
learned professions. Among them are vary
ing grades of Intellectual ability, but to
tueir fidelity to the most exacting mora
requirements of their calling the exeep
Hons are so few and rare that the for
bidden school ot Journalism to which we
are referring stands out the more fia
grantly In Its loathsome distinction.
Nor Is this Journalistic offal renrobated
by the rest because It competes with de
cent examples of Journalism; It monopolizes
a field by Itself, Into which It has no fear
of Intrusion. Simply because It tends to
the degradation of the whole body of news,
papers In tho public estimation, and Is
likely to bring, if It has not already
Drought, a noblo profession Into reproach
and suspicion, Its prosperity Is resented
by all decent newspapers. It has tainted
the wholo business In the minds of very
many people and awakoncd distrust ot the
motives and contempt for the authority ot
tho newspaper generally.
Another matter, also, wo refer to with
reluctance, but we must speaK of It frankly.
The existence of this forbidden Journalism
would be Impossible except for the sub
stantial subsidy It receives from the
reputable business community In the way
ot advertising. ThU Is tne moro remarka
ble because, ot course, such n vehicle of
business communication with tho public
can havo no vnluo for tho purpose com
parable with that of a paper deserving
confidence as an honest chronicler of the
news nnd commentator upon current events,
unless It be In n field that no reputablo
business cultivates. Advertising In It Is
like sticking up posters In a place fre
quented especially by tho Infamous and
their Ignorant victims. The evil associa
tion does far moro damage to the decent
advertiser than the vllo publicity secured
can benefit hlra. Even readers attracted
by Its satanlc cynicism have no respect
for It or anything printed In It, If they nro
of nn Intelligent discrimination, which
makes profitable or desirable tho nppeal
of an advertiser to them. Even the un
Intelligent who are dazzled by Us flash are
not foolish enough to go to It for business)
guidance. All tho flame, this school ot
Journalism seems to be prospering because
of the financial support It receives from
mercantile houses otherwise Jealous of their
reputation. They aro feeding a monster
which Is using tho strength they are giv
ing nutrition to In nn effort to Rtrlke down
tho civilization upon which they depend.
Sketch of a Mint
in Operation.
smooth, with a thin coating of transfer
wax: on this wax tho tracing Is repro
duced by rubbing, leaving tho design on
the steel, nnd ns this la easily obliterated
it Is best to go over the lines with a
sharp-pointed Instrument. Tho next step
Is to remove the steel in tho die by means
of chisels nnd gravers, so that a relief may
be had on tho coin. Prom time to tlmo
ns the work progresses proof impressions
aro taken until tho desired result Is ob
tained. Tho die Is then hardened, after
which It Is ready for uso In tho presu.
These dies nro then-adjusted In the stamp
ing presses and tho blnnka fed to the press
through a vertical tube nnd as each pleco
reaches tho bottom of tho tube steel feed
tcrs carry It over between the dies nnd
placo It In a stcolcollar so that, when
tho dlos close upon .tJie planchets It will
make the obverse and reverse Impressions
on the coin. ,
According to a description of the prorcss
In the Philadelphia mint It is said that
"double eagles" and ''eagles" may be struck
at an average rate of eighty a minute, while.
for the "half" and "quarter eagles" tho
average rate Is 20 per cent greater. The
pressure required In the stamping press to
produce a sharp, clear Impression of thn
"doublo eaglo" Is said to be 175 tons, white
only 120 tons aro required for tho "eagle,"
seventy-five tons for the "half eagle" and
forty tons for the "quarter c'agle." Tho
silver dollar, half dollar, and quarter dollar
nre struck at tho same average rate as the
"doublo eagle" and "eagle," while the speed
tor the dimes Is equivalent to that of tho
smaller gold coins. The pressure used In
stamping the silver coins Is 150 tons for tho
dollar, 110 tons for the halt dollar, eighty
tons for the qunrtcr dollar, and forty tons
for the dime. Prom the stamping press the
coins pass to tho counting room, where thoy
nro put up In proper quantities tor distribu
tion. AU coins but cents are counted In the
usual way, tho Intter, however, aro counted
by means of a kind of screen. Thero are
1,000 depressions In it tho exact size of a
cent. The coins are brought from the
machines In palls and a quantity thrown
upon tho counting screen, which Is shaken
until each of the depressions Is filled. The
cents are then tied up In coin sacks.
In this very brief summary of the process
by which the coin passes from the bullion
to the finished money many of the Impor
tant details have necessarily boen omitted,
but if there la any one thing moro than
another that Is of conspicuous Interest In
the mints and assay offices of tho govern
ment, It Is the fact that nothing Is lost.
Every bit of metal Is carefully accounted
for, nnd defective blanks aro promptly ro
turned to tho moltcr. Every kind of waste
material that Is likely to contain gold Is
preserved. The floor of the melting room Is
swept ench day, and the gatherings aro
mixed with a suitable flux and thrown Into
a crucible. "Sweeps" consisting of broken
crucibles and dipping cups, all ashes from
the fires, burned glovee, aprons, sawdust
and packages In which bullion has been
sent to tho mint, settlings In catch wells
and roof gutters aro carefully preserved.
It Is reported that eaUs of such "sweeps"
at the Philadelphia mint have yielded a re
turn as high as from $18,000 to $20,000 a
year from the melting department alono.
$2,650,000; Indiana, $2,500,000; Kansas,
$2,200,000; New Jersey, toward the stafe ox
penses, $1,580,000; Wisconsin, $1,500,000;
Iowa, which has no state debt and the
finances of which have been flourishing (for
many years, $1,400,000; California, $1,300,000,
and Texas an oven $1,000,000,
The money paid by rnllroada for taxes is,
as a rule, collected without large expenses.
It Is paid directly, usually In a slnglo check
or draft, to a state or county as the :ase
may be. There Is only one state In the
country the railroads of which pay less
than $100,000 a year, and that state Is Dela
ware. In some nt the states the receipts 'rom
taxes on railroads aro a very large Item of
revenue, as for instance $1,500,000 In Min
nesota last year and $720,000 In Arkansas.
In proportion to It railroad mileage
Mai6achusetts pays moro railroad taxes
than any other state, the revenues from
this source being at tbo rato of moro than
$1,000 a rallt. They are least, In proportion
to mileage. In South Dakota, where thoy
amount to $72 only. The South Dakota
railroads pay $200,000 In taxes. Massachu
setts Is an old state, South Dakota Is a new
one. The railroads of Massachusetts have
a very much larger earning capacity ttian
tnose or boutn Dakota,
RED BANK'S ODD POSIOFFICii
Wyoming Inttitution that ii Thirty Miles
frem Nowhere.
RANCH HOME OF EX-G0VRN0R RICHARDS
Soil ii f tin- I'nrni (Uvea Color to l.und-
l'ip nnd Former stnte Incentive
nntl Ilia Wife tin the
Itcst.
The laying out of those Oklahoma towns
Is not tho first work In tho way of town
making that hns been done by our present
assistant commissioner of the general laud
office, relates tho Washington Post.
Kx-Govcrnor William A. Richards Is a
pioneer of the stnto of Wyoming, nnd added
one name, nt least, to tho map ot that
state, with tho able assistance ot his wife,
her share In the work afterward becoming
national In a way.
Red Hank Is tho numo of their ranch
home. The namo Is not a misnomer, ns
somotlmes happens with names, for tho
soil of the fnrm could hardly be redder aa
tho result of tho strongest cochineal dyn,
and ns It is very productive also, ono can
maglno tho beautiful effect of tho grocn
borders of herbage against the bright red of
the paths through lawn and garden.
Rut the people of Red Bank and vicinity
wore not satisfied with tho beauty of
scenery, tho salubrity of tho air, and tho
frosh bounty of naUiro that was lavished
upon their tables; for thero was no post-
ofllco nearer than a distance of forty-five
miles, and thoir communication with the
outside world was restricted to the serv
ices ofa hired man, who mado the, trip
weekly. If' the weather and other condi
tions Btruck him ns sufficiently favorable,
and all the bounties ot a beautiful land
could not compensate theso cultured poo-
pie for this lack of human communica
tion, books, papers, etc. Dcsldes most of
their supplies were ordered from the great
department stores of Chicago, through their
sample and mailing departments, wnicn
supply anything a family wants, from a
barrel or so of kerosene to aspool or cot
ton, carefully refunding, should a surplus
of money be sent with tho order. Imagine
tho state of affairs then during a protracted
rainy spell, when tho lamp goes out for
want of oil. and tho weokly mending Is
cheated out of that atltch In time that
saves nine, by the lack of the spool.
The hired man brought tho letters on
horseback, distributing them from farm to
farm along the way, ao there was no place
or person legally sot apart for their recep
tion nnd distribution. Mr. Richards con
cluded, thorefore, to achieve n postofllco,
and wrote to Senator Allison, tho chairman
of tbo appropriations comnilttoo,of the scn-
ato, describing tho situation and asking If
nn appropriation could not be secured for
that purpose. Tho chairman Immediately
mentioned tho matter to Mr. Carey, tho
senior senator from Wyoming; and told him
If ho would offer a resolution to that effect
n tho ecnato ho would do what ho could
for It. Tho scheme was successful and tho
Red Dank rest Btatlon was added to tho
list In tho postal guide.
But although Red Dank Is now seen on
tho maps, with the ubusI dot to mark Its
location, It is not a town; it Is not oven a
village, for it consists of one house, tho
Richards' residence with Its outlying barns,
etc., and Its population Is sevon in all, tho
Richards family. Tho public-spirited ranch
man, therefore, donated a room of his houso
for postoffice purposes, where the uolghbor-
ng ranchmen could cnll for their mall; and
Mrs. Richards, who was equally devoted to
tho public weal, was solected to take care
ot It.
There was no difficulty about that," said
Mr. Richards, "lor a republican was qulto
eligible, though under a democratic admin
istration, because there was no money In
It."
"And It thero had been," supplemented
the quondam postmistress, "thero wore no
democrats In the vlclnty at that tlmo, with
tho educational qualifications."
Tho mail cnrrler had to be paid a salary,
of course, but the fourth-class post
master must take bis chances on a com
mission for the stamps be cancels. These
chances were too slim In that sparsely
settled neighborhood to prove much of a
temptation to anyone with an Itching palm,
so Mrs. Richards took chnrgo and she ful
filled tho chnrge, too, performing all Ihe
duties personally, keeping her ledger
posted up to date, etc., and although her
husband was competent to advlso her. he
having been once In the postnl service him
self, she never needed his aid and he did
not even look Into her ledger.
The Inspector of postofficos called one
day, but Mrs. Richards had gono over to
Duffnlo for a visit and In fnct thero was
no one at homo but a farmhand at work
n a distant field. So tho official wended
his way In that direction and telling the
man bis business askod for the postmaster.
(There Is no such thing as a "postmistress"
n Wyoming.)
"Mrs. Rlrhards Is away and will bo ab
sent several days," said the hired man,
who was an educated man, "but you can
see the office all tho same. The houso Is
open. You can enter and make yourself
comfortable. The postofllco Itself Is locked,
but here Is the key ami after you have
rested a bit you can examine It while I
finish here. I will bo thero by that time
o cook your dinner no troublo at all."
he Interjected as be saw his visitor about
o throw In a disclaimer. "I will have to
get something for myself and shall be glad ,
Why You
Should Buy Biscuit in
In-er-seal Packages
Utey axe baked in the cleanest bakeries in the world.
TBey are never handled by anyone but the baker.
TBey are protected from moisture, dust, odor and germs.
TBey are always fresh and crisp in any kind of veather.
TEey retain their delicate flavor indefinitely.
Try an In-cr-Jenl Package of Soda, Milk,
Graham, Long Branch, Butter Thin and
Oatmeal Biscuit, Vnullln Wafers, Ginger
Snaps, and Saratoga l'lakcs.
NATIONAL
of company. You can rest the remainder
of the day, for It Is over forty miles to tho
next station. I will see that you havo
breakfast any time you wish. I have mine
at 4."
When the Inspector sent In his "report
he stated that the Red Dank office was one
of tho best kept In the stato; every letter
In place; every dollar nnd every stnmp ac
counted for nnd duly entered In the ledger.
Ho also stated privately that ho never ate
better meals than those the ranchman
cooked.
Mrs. Richards resigned the office when
she was called to a higher duty, as tho
first lady of the state, the governor's wlfo.
Dut sho did not receive tbo final payment
on her earnings until somo time afterward.
"The most I over mode In one quarter
was $10, and sometimes I did not enncel
over hnlf a dozen stamps In n whole week,"
Bald Mrs. Richards, laughing.
Oue day she received n large and Impos
ing looking document from Washington,
nnd upon opening It found a check for
$t.0!, tho balance due her as postmaster
at Red Dank. About the samo tlmo tho
women of Wyoming were forming plans for
tho aid and comfort of their soldiers In the
Cuban wnr, and a scheme had been started,
for the contribution of a dollar from each
woman, tho dollar to be the result of her
own Industry. Many plans wero resorted to
for the capture of the standard value, for
tho women of Wyoming, pretty much the
same as the women that do not rote, are too
busy being daughters, wives and mothers to
hnvo much tlmo for a permanent, wage
earning business.
Somo were baking bread, pies, cakca and
various goodies and the Wyoming women
knows how to bako 'cm and some were
executing wonders In thn way ot needle
work, etc., until the field seemed pretty
welt taken, and the governor's wife was
wondering how she could earn her dollar
It never occurrqd to Jier to sell her vote.
Like wives In or less favored states, she
mentioned her difficulty to her husband,
nnd tho governor was ready with a. sug
gestion: "Why not donate the dollar you have Junt
received from the Postoffice department?
You can turn It In Just aa It came to you,
In the bank check, telling Its history, to
make a little story out of It for the com
pany." It was a happy thought, and she did so;
and thus In trying to assist her husband
In his public spirited undertaking, her part
ot the work became national, na stated
above, and a part of the earnings of the first
postmaster of Rod Bank helped to swell
tho fund "for the relief ot our brave boys
In khaki.
.o Relief for 20 Yeara.
"I had bronchitis for twenty years." said
Mrs. Minerva Smith ot Danville, III., "and
never got relief until I used Foley's Honey
and Tar, which Is a sure cure for throat
and lung diseases."
FIT ffllll.S FOR MAUniAGIZ.
College Training; Prepares Them for
Dulled of Life.
The college woman Is not an overedu
cated being whose mind has been crammed
at the expense of her body, writes Margaret
Sangster; sho is an all-around person whose
development has enabled her to grasp op
portunities, to fill responsible situations and
to do her duty In society and the home. One
can nowhere else find such specimens of
girlhood at Its beautiful best as In our
colleges. The graduates of this summer are
neither deficient In physical training nor
indifferent to domesticity. They nro n
splendidly vital set of young women, ath
letic, vigorous and blooming; thoy havo
We're Building a Reputation
On the men's shoes we sell for $2 now,
you'vo heard of ?i: nhoc,'rut Drcx h.
Hlioomiui hns n $2 hdoo that under ordi
nary elrcunisluuces would sell, nnd does
bell, for ?2.rjO somo places $3 Is naked
Hint he will put up aRnlnst the wholo
field of ?2 shoes thnt Is n good tnnn'a
Khoe good, houest leather good, hon
est Hlioes a mechanic's shoo lu overy
sense of the word a shoe for any ono
that Is on his feet u grcnt deal you aro
not taking any chances ,whvn you pay
52 for these leuther shoes.
Drexel Shoe Co.,
New Fall Catalogue Now steady.
Umalia'a tJp-to-dat tbo Haas.
141 a'ARNAU STREET.
The Art of Framing
Pictures have reached the highest
point of perfection with ui. Constant
attention to tho little details In frames
and .mouldings, tho careful selection of
noreltles, together with an utisworvlng
nmhltion to always frame the picture,
whatever It may be, In the most artistic
manner posslhle, Is tbo secrot of our
success. Twenty-seven years beforo
tbo public aa leaders In all that per
tnlns to ART, gives you the assurance
that we will satisfactorily frnrno your
plcturo-and tho price? ALWAYS
RIQHT,
A. HOSPE,
MutliandArj. (513-1515 Dmiln,
BISCUIT COMPANY.
good appetites, good digestion nnd firm
muscles; they know how to stand, to sit, to
walk and to breathe, aa noil as to study,
They nre women who havo been finely
equipped by exorctso in tho gymnasium
and In the open air, nnd nro qulto ready
for the next Btcp In life, whatever Jt may bo.
Their work In mnthemntlcM nnd language,
In history and belles lettrcK, has not dis
qualified them for presiding In it good man's
homo as his wife and tho mother of chil
dren, while It has, by Its thorough mentnl
discipline, fitted them to bo his oqunl com
rado on tho road and his helper In eunehlne
and shadow alike. A great deal of non
sense Is always nflont about the difficulty ol
understanding and performing housework,
cooking, lnundry work nnd tho rest of the
details which belong tn the administration
of the homo. As n rule, thero Is nothing
occuii tidoui domestic work, not n thing
which any clever girl cannot master In sW
weeks, If she gives hor mind to It, and a
well-trained college girl haB a bright mind
to give.
All Intellectual training nnd the moro
profound nnd thorough it Is tho better la
valuable, chiefly In that It holps In little
dally duties, tho trivial round, tho common
task. And, If this Is true, the argument
holds In tho larger thing, A woman will
bo a bettor mother for being nn all-around,
well-tnught, well-trained woman, physically,
spiritually and Intellectually.
Tho least successful mothers nre tho
mothers doubly handicapped by povorty and
Ignorance. They not only do not know
hygienic laws, but scorn tho very mention
of them In connection with tho of.ro of In
fants, whllo those of their children who sur
vivo infantllo perils scrnmblo Into adoles
cence as beat, they may, and owe. their es
capement from Illness, sin nnd stain Icbs to
their mothers than to ooclcty and Rod. Col
lege training, In its symmetry. Its thor
oughness and Its fidelity to tho highest
rtandards, Is directly nnd Indirectly the best
training a woman can receive for wifehood
and motherhood. Dut It nlso fits hor to
adorn any placo In llfo to which God calls
her and prepares her to bo n happy and use
ful spinster, If that Is Ilia appointment.
Fathers and mothers nro equally respon
sible for the bringing up of their children
and slculrt equally sharo In the carrying
out of the home. y child Is best educated
who la subject to tho molding infiuenco of
both parents, working together In tho har
mony of lovo to ench other and to their off
spring. In the Ideal marriage and thero
are many such the husband nnd wife have
a thousand blessed things in common, and
there Is not drnwn a hard-and-fast lino, on
ono side of which the man stand Intrenched
In reason, and on tho other ot which tho
woman kneels pleading for affection. Tenny
son turamed up tho matter In the closing
scene of "The Princess" when ho said:
lovo's denrest bond Is this
Not like to like, but llko In difference;
Yet In tho long years llker must thev grow,
The man be more of woman, nho of man.
Like perfect music unto noble words.
There Is a cortnln chivalrous Intention It
the desire to save women from tho hard
ships of life, but theso hardships must be
borne. They aro her Bharo nnd sho docs not
shrink from them. Sho Is contented with
the dally bread when It Is a dry crust. II
her good man can give no more; nnd ahe
profers her bread as her children do, spread
wltb butter and sugar If she can honestly
get It; and ao, for tho matter, does th
husband. Tho sugar Is sifted impartially
for both when they pick up their load and
carry It bravely, not tho man alono, or
woman alone, but husband and wlfo Joy.
ously caring for the children whom Ood has
given them. '
Episcopal MIlon Honril.
Bishop Donne estlmatCN that thero will ha
n deficit of $100,000 In tho treasury of ths
?nlacnnnl Miaul m hnnnl tn .-n 4
ended.
fill