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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (March 31, 1901)
23 LIGHT UPON OLDEST EGYPT Biicortriei in the Tombi of tht Anolut Egjptian King! at Abjdoi. FADS AND FRILLS OF EARLY MONARCHS THE OMAHA DATIjY BKIC: SUNDAY, JUAN CI I HI, lSIUl. if- " l'Jnjcil (iitnirH of dinner, Collected Wiirki f Art, linporlrtl llnrc U'nndu, Kept Ai-fiinnln nnd Un Jojril tlic Fnt of the l.nml. (Copyright, 1001, by C. II, Levy.) It aucluut monarch! mado history, moil cm explore nro creating It anew by their illscovcrlcM, nnd tho most notabln triumph In thlt) direction Ik ono Just achieved by Prof, V. M. Kllndcrs-l'etrlc, tho explorer ol tho Kgypt exploration fund nt Abydon In Kcypt, famous In tho Inscriptions na one of tho most ancient settlements In that land of remold dates. Abydos has been visited beforo and so lata us IS'Jj by M. H, Amullneau, a I'rcncb explorer, who claimed to haa sw!pt tho ground clean find found whatever wan worth finding. Mr, I'etrlo waH struck by tho Importance of tho Frenchman's discoveries, but did not ticllevn that the ground has been ex hausted and his work on tho nanio alto hna established tho 'vuluo of this preconccp fQYALCBIAE7.ERIES- , . FofA HEQRE-SrtU HlLL I" P TOfAtt PF 2E.H. (FCRLfjR?Un.D constituting the clfiht kings of tho first dynasty nnd two of tho second, let In a flood of light upon tho Ufa of that very nnclcnt day. Uf courno the hieroglyphs of that period nro very primitive and may that Interest was revives In this cemetery connected by tradition with tho enrly kings. Offerings of pottery wcro made nt tho tombs until now tbo plajo U piled high with thousands of fragments and Is called by the W uT TpHA,T Hon. Amellncau did find tho tombs, but ho worked In so unscientific a way that, al though bo astonished tho learned world, lio did not add as much positive, knowledge regarding tho nnclcnt kings, whoso tombs wcro found, us has since been brought to light by tho careful work of tho greatest archaeologist now living. Tho work which Mr. I'etrlo did nt Abydos has been hinted at In the public organs fr.om tlmo to tlmo slnco Its announcement, but tho first authoritative account of this work from him Is Just appearing In Eng land. Not only does It fill In tho spaces In tho history of Egypt with names of au thentic kings, but It tells tho twentieth century how mankind lived 100 centuries ago. Fortunately It was tho custom of the nnclcnt Egyptians to reproduce the llfo of tho people In their tombs, burying with their kings mnny of tho Jowcls and utensils by which they were surrounded In llfo. bo read variously, but It will bo generally tukun for granted thnt Mr. I'etrlo Is right In Identifying Mencs, Athothls, Kcnkencs, Uenefcs, Usafats, Mlebls, Semonpscs nnd Ulenckhcs of tho list given by Manetho, tho ancient Egyptian historian, with tho persons burled at Abydos, tho great royal cemetery. Mnnctho says of tho place that tbo slto selected for tho royal tombs was on n low spur from tho hills, slightly raised above tho plain, with a deep ravlno on tho west of It, so that It could never bo floodod. This accounts for tho perfect preservation of thotombs with their price less contents. Itoynl Holm In the O round. Each royal tomb Is n large square pit, lined with brickwork. Close around ltf on Its own level, or higher, are smaller cham bers In rows, In which wcro burled tho do mestics of tho kings. The tombs us they were left by tho kings seem to hava been natives Om el ahabu (Mother of Tots). Tho nrticlcs found by Mr. I'etrlo aro In finite In number and variety. IJotwccn 10, 000 and 20,000 pieces of vases wero found, ranging In dato from tho earliest to tbo owners. Ivory was found In considerable tiiinnttty, cither in tablets or In small pieces used for Inlaying, showing that this delicate art was practiced then. Tho Ivory carvings of boats nnd the legs of nnlmnls nro remarkable for their realism nnd faith fulnexs to nature. It was tho custom to deposit Jars containing food, and drink In the tombs, and each Jar was scaled il'h a clay stopper bearing tho stamp of thu king for whoso tomb tho Jar was Intended. An ex amlnatlon of theso clay stoppers hns helped greatly In tho readlug of tho names of the monnrchs. On tho base of n dish of brown pottery Is a fragment of accounts, tho oldest known. It is evidently a scribe's tally of soruo sort of article. Tho number 20 occurs often and 100. and 200 nro several times re peatcd. On another series of seals mcas urcs for wnter or wine and for corn or other dry produce nro found, showing that so enrly a distinction was mado bstwron measures for liquids nnd dry measure The remarkable Ivory carvings of heads from an Inlaid cabinet dato from tho earliest period nnd nro unlquo Instances of tho advance of art In that time. Tho Ivory tablets aro easy to nccount for, being nindo of tusks easily secured In Egypt or from surrounding countries, but tho large amount of ebony used on other tablets points to a wldo com mercc, even at this dato, for ebony did not etow nnywhero In the neighborhood or Egypt, nud must havo been brought from distant parts of Asia, Tho most porfect stclo of a prlvato per son found was discovered near tho tomb of King Qa, and belonged to Sabef. Tho block of stone was ground all over with rounded edges, and tho Inscription was sketched on It In red Ink, nnd then drawn In black luk. This ground was roughly I Kin ttfl SisSf 9aLLBkiV TOMD OP ZET LOOKING WEST. jne of tho most Interesting and Important of tho tombs Identified by Mr. I'etrlo Is tho tomb of Mencs, the first king of united Egypt, who Is now by this dlscovory re claimed from tho Umbo of myths to which modern historians had consigned him. Tho dato of his reign Is not determinable, for Egyptologists differ widely In tho chronology of tbo kings, but It Is cortatn that he lived not later than 6000 D. O. At this remote period one might suppose that clvllliatlon was In its Infancy, but the finds in this and other tombs glvo evidences of an art that must have taken many cen turies for Its development up to that point. Menes' tomb and those of his successors, slightly heaped up. Tho roofs of tho great tombs wcro discovered about six or eight feet below tho surface. The masalvo beams easily supported tho weight of tho drifted sand. On tho flat or almost flat ground of tho cemetery tho graves wero marked by atone steles sot upright In tlio open air. Each royal grave seems to havo had two great steles. Two of Mcrnelt wcro found by Fetrle. Amellncau found ono stela In tho tomb of Qa and Petrle found a second. Tho royal cemetery seems to hnvo gradually fallen into decay; tho stoles wore blown over and tho whole site was neglected In tho later ages. It was not until tho glories of the XVIIIth dynasty (about 1400 Q. C.) ki a EPITAPH OF A PIIIVATE INDIVIDUAL. latest times. Some 200 of theso voscs have been restored. Many of tho vubcs and crystal cups boro Inscriptions which mado It poEslblo to traco them to somo of tho royal Vs i . WE GROW IN FAVOR EVERY YEAR. We are making friends every day, for we absolutely cure Constipation, Indigestion, Sick Headache and Stomach Troubles. If you suffer from any of these ailments DR. CALDWELL'S SYRUP PEPSIN will grow in favor with YOU I MANUFACTURED MY PEPSIN SYRUP CO., .... MONTICELLO, ILL III SOLD Y All Druggists, Wholesale and Retail. hammered out, but the .final dressing and scraping of tho ntono was omitted. It is plain from the Inscription that Sabef was keeper of the tombs, companion In tho royal palace, and overseer of tho Hod festi val; titles which appear In tho age wheu tho pyramids wcro built, proving tho ex tstcneo of a thorough political organization even In theso enrly days. Games wero played by tho royal hands and probably by tho people, for a reed used In the game of chanco Ins been found In tho tomb of Qa. Small objects In gold, bronzy, capper, Ivory and stono wcro found In great number. An Ivory toilet dish, curved In two halves out of u single block of Ivory, each In tho form of a half a duck must havo stood upon tho toilet tnble of the consort of ono of these enrly monarchs, while her maidens decorated her faco with the colors befitting her rank. This was found in ono of tho earliest tombs with pottery of the most primitive form. An other toilet Institution which receives tho Btnmp of ancient Uncage from theso dis coveries Is t ho hair pin. One of theso utensils of beautifully carved Ivory was found In tho samo tomb. A pair of copper pinchers) Is u rtmarkablo tool for so early a time. Tho pottery ranges all tho way from tho conrso, Ill-formed bowls and Jugs, mado simply by putting a lump of mud Into ,a liolp scooped out on the ground avd trimming nnd wiping tho vessel with tho hand, up to thoso formed with tho urt of tho pottor's wheel, the earliest Invention mado by mau. The art of tho potter mado rapid strides and was succeeded by that of the sculptor who cut crystal vases and hard marble Into artlstlo shapes. Alabaster bowls and Jars of almost classic shapo pro duced at a very early period, wero found. Ono of tbo most astonishing facts In con nection with tho Inscription found nt Aby dos, dating from tho first dynasty, is that, differing as they do from the later script, tho principles and many of tho characters seem to bo already generally established. This Is additional proof that with tho civ ilization even of the remoto first dynasty wo havo not yet reached tho dawn of civ ilization, although wo have come nearer to it by n fow thousand years. Thut Mr. Pttrlo could come after the French excavator und find so much of vMue, reading many of tho Inscriptions which baf fled tho earlier Investigator, and finding places for all tho kings In lists which have been known but never corroborated Is a great triumph for English scholarship. In stead or a number of tombs of unknown persons, we havo now a now chapter In early history extracted from the sands of ancient Egypt. C. II. LEVY. The seasons of life arc measured by years instead of mouths. For the summer season of womanhood Nature allots about thirty years and then comes the turn of the season. Mauv a woman shrinks from this turninir --tf t - 1 1 . 1 . 1 1 . . . ... i . , r , ' r , , i " piacc, which sue sigiiuicanuy names uie "cuangc oi inc." ii is r not simply tlic cliaugc ol a season to her out the change of her whole life. Henceforth motherhood lies behind her. And sometimes she feels almost icbcllious at the thought of such a change. At forty-five she feels herself in her prime ; she is at her ripest and richest of mental and physical development. It seems as if the turn of the season came too soon. Hut more than all else the healthy woman shrinks from the consequences which so often attend this change of life ; the physical pain, the mental suffer ing, the gibbcritig spectre of insanity even casting a dark shadow across the future. But there is no need of alarm if women will take natural and intelli gent precaution against such disastrous results. It is reasonable to suppose that such a great functional change should have far-reaching physical effects. 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