THE ILLUSTRATED M3J3. Hello! Is This Europe ? New Telephone Invention Februnry 10, 1001. Prof. MIclmel Idvorsky Pupln of Columbia university has recently Invented tin appa ratus by which hu has demonstrated tho possibility of telephoning across tho ocean and substituting telegraphy at tho rato of 1,000 words a minute for the present sys tem of lllteen to twenty words a minute used In cabling aeross the Atlantic. Ills Invention Is not so levolutlonary In Its character as was the first use of the tele phouu or even as Is the Introduction of wire less telegraphy, but It Is Important enough to warrant general attention and valuable enough to be acquired by the American Telephone and Telegraph company for $500,000 and a large annuity to the Inventor. It Is not often that a college professor Is paid $100,000 a year for his labor. Prof. Pupln Is an exception to the rule. It has taken him about live years to work out the picsent principle. It was In ISM that Prof. Pupln began his series of experiments now llrst made known In their successful result to the public. Doubtless many other scientists had pon dered over the problems of resistance In wires used for long distance transmission, but no one saw a way of overcoming the dlfllcultles. With tho systems now In use only ery long electric waves can be pro duced. These waves are hundreds of miles long and tho main dllllculty In llndlug a way of studying their effects lies In Just this fact their great length. Tho chief drawback to long distance tele phony has been tho blurring of tho vlbrn- PROF. MICHAEL IDVORSKY PL'PIN, CO P i r.'.UMBIA UNIVERSITY INVENTOR OF BW SYSTEM OP TELEPHONING AND TELEGRAPHING. Ions which act on tho telephone receiver, caused by tho notion of these long waves. In telegraphy tho main dllllculty seems to havo boon tho loss of energy along the line, togother with tho great resistance of a long lino. Theso dllllcultlcs Prof. Pupln set about to overcomo by an apparatus which would produce short wnves and re duce the evil effects of resistance. To I'roiluot' Shorter Wiivm. How was ho to produce shorter waves? Ho thought to bear first tho light of other scieuco on the problem, and taking tho action of n wavo of light In passing through different mediums, thus producing various wavo lengths, ho applied tho principle to olcctrlc waves. Por exnniple, tho wavo length of sodium light Is shorter In glass than In vacuum light travels slower lr. glass than In vacuum, nnd If one could incroaso tho Index of rofrnctlon of glass to nnythlng ho wished ho could increase- the wavo longth In that glass to anything ho wished. As tho medium grows denser tho energy it stores up Increases. Ab Prof. Pupln argued, If a substanco which stores up a thousand times ns much energy ns a vac uum bo placed In tho path of tho rny of light tho waves will bo ono-thousandth part as long In that ubstnnco as In tho vacuum. Now npply tho principle to clecti Ic waves Prof. Pupln found tho necessary medium In n certnln "choking coll" of wire, which ho inserted nt Intorvals In his telephone circuit. In ono of his earlier experiments, he connected In n single circuit fourteen colls of wire, each of which was cnpablo of storing up the same amount of energy ns ten miles of telephono wires, that Is to say, each had tho samo amount of self induction, resistance, nnd capacity ns ten miles of telephone wire. Tho colls were plnced threo Inches apart, making a total longth of threo and a half feet. Ho had then tho equivalent of 110 miles of telo phono wlro. A wnvo 110 miles long would dovolop Its wholo wavo length, tnklng a Bplral courso now, In tho fourteen colls, but ns It hnd gone ovor only three and a half feot Its rectilinear velocity and therefore Its rectilinear wavo length was reduced to threo and nnd ono-half feet, a reduction to less than one-two hundred thousandth part of Its original length. Thus, vory simply, It would seem, Pro fessor Pupln found a way of creating short waves and hnvlng found thorn of making swift and accurato electric communication posslblo ovor much greator distances than before. One of tho great obstacles to ocean telephony wns then removed. It remained to arrange the coll nlong his wire or cable In such a manner that tho right effects would be produced, by so adjusting each coll that the energy sent through the cir cuit would be conserved. It Is in the ad justment of tho colls that the virtue of the Invention consists, and the explanation Is too technical for general comprehension. It Is sulllclent for the laymen to know that these Pupln colls overcome tho evil effects of electric resistance nnd make possible another great step In practical progress 'l ii Illustrate the I n t ciitioii. To illustrate the Invention by Profcssoi Puplu's present laboratory apparatus, 2."0 miles of wlro are supplied with 2.'0 "cliok lug colls," ono coll being Inserted In every mile of the circuit. It was found that the absorption of energy which generally takes place along a telegraph or telephono clr cult was greatly reduced. Accordingly the same transmitter would go much farther with his apparatus. It was a problem of equally distributing cnpaclty, self-fnductlon and resistance. In Its outward appearance Prof. Pupliis laboratory presents a curious looking ap paratus. Over on each of live tables stands a box about two feet square, In which Is contained fifty miles of wire, representing, if you will, llfty miles of ocean cable. Prom each box project connections for 200 wires nnd these wires tiro attached to fifty colls, each coil being supplied with four terminals. The colls themselves look like small earthen Jars open at both ends. In reality they arc merely made up each of two colls of wlro of different size carefully Insulated from each other and having the effect of nn ordinary Induction coll. Doubtless in tho working out of the right relations between these two sets of wires In the coil Prof. Pupln encountered his greatest problem. To get the effect which should give the proper resulttin on his circuit wns most Important, but once tho relation wns estab lished the principle could bo applied com mercially to nny extent. It is in this part of tho apparatus entirely that tho utility of the Invention consists, lly the use of these coIIb, properly adjusted and properly placed along tho line of desired communica tion, the system can bo applied to any kind of electric communication. With tho circuit of 2,10 miles which Prof. Pupln has arranged he has found that one coil every mile will bring the right result. In tho case of ocean cables this proportion may not hold good, but Prof. Pupln docs not nutlclpato any dllllculty In adjusting his method to tho required conditions. Of courso the uso of the npparatus will entail a now system of construction In telephone and telegraph wires. Our telephone wires of tho future will havo ono of Prof. Pu plu's colls Inserted nt certain Intervals along the lino of communication. Veil Cubic MiinI lit- l.nid. Por this reason a revolution In the pres ent system of cabling cannot take place at once. A new cnblo must bo laid, a Pupln cable It may be called, which will tlltfer from tho ordinary cable by having perhaps thousands of these llttlfi induction coils attached to It. With his 2.1U miles of tele phono or telegraph circuit (It can be used for either purpose), Professor Pupln has demonstrated to the satisfaction of experts that his system Is entirely practicable. Tho American Telephono and Telegraph com pany have sulllclent faith In tho Invention to make a purchase of It for $."00,000 and to guarantee to tho Inventor an annuity of $7,G00. It Is their purpose to Install tho system on lnnd wires and it is proposed soon to lay another Atlantic cnblo after tho AN EFFECTIVE SPRING WALKING DRESS, WITH BELTED ULOPSE COAT, SHOWING NEW DAG SLEEVES. Pupln pattern. Up to the pr- b. nt time tho longest distance accomplished for telephony Is somo 1 ,500 miles, but Professor Pupln anticipates no dllllculty In telephoning sov eral thousand miles. Already experiments havo been mndo looking toward tho appli cation of telegraphy at the rato of 1,000 words a mlnuto with tho now rapid tele jilt lii iip 1 MB ls IH OP PI PIN'S LAIIOR graph Instrument attached to this appa ratus, and there seems to bo no reason why success should not follow. Indued, Professor Pupln says that tho experiments have already shown that rapid telegraphy In connection with his system Is an as sured fact. At any rate, the present tedious method of cabling will be superseded by nt least the speed and method of ordinary land tel egraphy. With Professor Pupln's npparatus a much larger proportion of tho en orgy Imparted to the transmitting end of the cable will be received at the other terminal and the reflecting mirror and slue wave method will be unnecessary. Mes sages may be sent and received through a trans-Atlantic cable ns readily as a mes sage can now be sent from New York to Philadelphia. More than that, ocean tele phony Is possible. We may talk with friends on tho continent as readily as we now tnlk over a distance of a few miles. Tho pres ent Improvement Is of more far-reaching Importance In that the easier means of communication will bring about cheaper rates for ocean ami land messages. In deed tho Imagination mny carry ono far in the attempt to limit the possibilities of such a simple apparatus as this Invention proves to bo. The Matter of Jolts Cleveland Plain Denier: Tho Massachu setts supremo court has decided that street car Jolts do not prove contributory negll gonco on the part of the motormnn. This ricoms to leave tho field wide open for the Jotters. The motormnn, if of n revengeful or playful disposition, can Jolt tho very socks off his uncomplaining load for what's tho good of complaining In tho fnco of the Massachusetts precedent? Somo tlmo ago a passenger on tho Wade park lino happened to let his gnzo wander to tho heaving floor of tho cnr. "Sir," ho said between Jolts to the man opposite him, "your falso teeth appear to havo been Jolted out of your mouth anil onto the floor of the car." "Sir," said the unfortunate passenger, ns he took n fresh grip on the edge of the seat, "I am well aware of the unpleasant fact. Don't you seo that I am sitting hero waiting for that brute of a motormnn to Jolt 'em back again!" As they say In the higher Institutes of learning. "Wouldn't that Jolt you!" Pointed Paragraphs Chicago News: Merit often turns up In unoxpected places. A man without a country Is ono who lives In a town. Wlso Is ho who has a cage ready for the bird In hand. Tho rolling stone reaches the foot of the hill In duo time. When you can get a horso nt a bargain- drlvo the bargain. Empty compliments and senseless abuse nro on nn equal footing. Corkscrews have sunk more people than cork Jackets ever saved. A stiff upper lip Is useless when pitted against a wagging lower Jaw. Smartness enables a man to catch on nnd wisdom enables him to let go. The ribbon of the slock ticker might be appropriately termed "read tape." The larger a man's salary Is tho larger the Increase ho thinks ho Is entitled to. Somo men nio so accustomed to making fools of themselves that they don't mind It. It tnkos two to make a qtmrrol but whon ono Is willing It's easy enough to llnd nnothor. When a young man takes a pretty girl for a boat ride ho Is seldom content with hug ging tho shors. A spinster says that nn old bachelor Is a man who has lost an opportunity In mako somo woman mlsorable for life. TORY IN CO 1.1 Mill A IWI VERS1TY HIS Mrs. Carrie Nation The "Joint Smasher The most tnlked-of wouam In Kansas Just now Is Mrs. Carrie Nation, the "Joint smasher," who at present is operating in Topekn. Naturally, one's llrst Impulse, In consid ering tho case of Mrs. Nation, Is to put her down ns a crazy woman. Hut when one Is brought Into contact with her anil becomes Imbued with a small portion of her ear nestness ho Is constrained to revise that opinion. Mrs. Nation is perhaps misguided -very probably Is; but to say that she Is crazy Is assuming more than the circumstances warrant. She is terribly in earnest. She feels that the "murder shops," ns she des Ignntes the Joints, or saloons, are publl.- SNAPSHOT OF MRS. CARRIE NATION MOST TALKED-OF WOMAN IN KANSAS. menaces, to bo wiped out at any cost nnd by any means. Not long ago tho wrltor asked Mrs. Nation how sho could justify the, destruction of property under any circum stances. With clenched lists and Hashing eyes sho replied: "Young man, If you should seo two man with deadly weapons, engaged in mortal combat, would It not bo your plain duty to tako those weapons from them? That Is exactly what 1 do when 1 destroy tho sa loons. 1 am taking away tho weapon with which our fathers, our brothers and our boys ure being murdered. It may not bo regular to destroy theso weapons, but It's right and especially Is It right when all methods recognized by law havo proved dismal failures. "1 am a law-abiding citizen," sho con tinued, earnestly. "1 am not a destructive citizen. It is tho men 1 attack who aro destructive citizens. Tho saloon has no legal rights In Kansas. What Is legltlmnto property hero In this or nny other liko olllce is not legitimate property In a saloon. This chair Is your property ami I havo no right to destroy It. Hut f it was In a Joint I would havo a right to destroy It. It would bo my duty to destroy it, Just as much ns though I should tako tho pistol away from that poison nnd break It and save your life." Mm; Hi-uiiii SiiiiihI.Imk Mirror. Mrs. Nation herself tolls how sho first went Into tho Jnlnl-smnslilng business: "Last summer was tho first. I had ex hausted every posslblo means of breaking up tho Joints which tho law affoided. I had worked with tho county attorney, but nil In vain I prayed to tho Lord nnd Ho opined tho way for me. It enmo to mo ASSISTANT IN CHARGE ono morning before I got up. There were bix Joints In Kiowa, Kan., where 1 then lived. I wrapped up my roc lis. Ami 1 didn't dare to tell a human being what 1 was about to do. 1 had bought four bottles of malt from the Joints and had had It annlyzul, so that I knew what It was. I told my husband 1 was going out in the country on professional business. You know 1 am a practicing osteopathic phy sician. So 1 went to the Joint. 1 told them 1 had warned tliein to shut up and that they had not heeded my warning. Then 1 said 'I am going to break this thing up,' and 1 threw my rocks. That was the starter, although once before 1 had helped roll a bariel of whisky out III tho slice! at Medi cine Lodge nnd sul lire to It." Here is n record of what Mrs. Nation ac complished before coming to Topekn: At Kiowa, Kan., November 1, she wreck) d I saloons, broke U mlrrois, dcstioycd 211 ghifscs and buttles and 20 gallons of beer and whisky. At Wichita, Kau., December 27, she wrecked 1 saloon, broke 2 mirrors, destroyed 85 glasses and bottles and Kl gallons of beer and whisky. At Wichita, Kau., January 21, she wrecked 2 saloons, broke 2 mirrors, de stroyed 130 glasses and bottles and 21 gal lons of beer and whisky. At Enterprise, Kan., January -II, she wrecked 1 saloon, broke 1 mirror, destroyed ir glasses and bottles and 11 gallons of beer and whisky. Mrs. Nation, however, has not gone through all this excitement without poisouul injury. She laid In the Wlchltn Jail from December 27 to January 17. Sho was as saulted twice by a Joint sympathizer, Mrs. Schiller, at Enterprise, mid badly beaten. Hero lu Topekn sho was assaulted by Mrs. Ed Myers, wife of a Joiutist, ami beaten with n broomstick. A lllue-IIIiioiliMl lit-iiliiel.liin. Mrs. Carrie Nation lu a bluu-blooded Koti luckhiu. She was born at tho old Moore homestead in thu llluo Grass state. Just when she was born Mrs. Nation, with ull ii woman's pervcrsencss, refuses to tell. Tho old Mooro place In Kentucky lies alongside tho celebrated turnpike which leads from Midway to Versailles lu Woodford county. Her father was George Moore, who was tho son of a well-to-do farmer of that name, who was In his day a well known Keiilucklan. Tho Mooro family, It is asserted, has been for mora than a century leading and very prominent people In the blue Gratis region. They traco their Unengo back to tho oldest and best families of Virginia. Tho old Mooro farm, whoro Carrie Mooro wns born mid pnrtly raised, lies closo to thu lino farm whoro tho lato Genernl Abo liuford of ox confcilcrnto army fame lived,. Tho near neighbors of tho Moores were such people as tho family of Major Warren Vlloy, tho Ulnckburns, tho Harpers and tho Stouts all celebrated Kentucky families. Whon Carrie Mooro was about 12 years of ago her father moved to Jackson county, Missouri, where he lived on a farm and was well and favorably known. Ho Is burled at Helton, lu Cass county, Just over tho Jackson couuty lino. Mrs. Nation's mother was a Miss Campbell of Iloyle county, tho daughtur of James Campbell, whoso family also was "to the manor born" old-fashioned, bluo-blooded Kentiicklaiis. Mrs. Mooro, mother of Mrs, Nation, was, It Is stated, atlllctcd with hal lucinations and dually died lu an asylum at Nevada, Mo. A person who know tho family well said recently: "Mrs. Nation's cool, determined, yet kindly disposition, comes from tho Moore family. Tho Moores are courageous. Intel ligent and good, but absolutely fearless and Irresistible. Tho tendency to hallucination on Mrs. Nation's part Is derived from the mother's sldo and Is characteristic."