THE ILLUSTRATED M3J3.
Hello! Is This Europe ?
New Telephone Invention
Februnry 10, 1001.
Prof. MIclmel Idvorsky Pupln of Columbia
university has recently Invented tin appa
ratus by which hu has demonstrated tho
possibility of telephoning across tho ocean
and substituting telegraphy at tho rato of
1,000 words a minute for the present sys
tem of lllteen to twenty words a minute
used In cabling aeross the Atlantic. Ills
Invention Is not so levolutlonary In Its
character as was the first use of the tele
phouu or even as Is the Introduction of wire
less telegraphy, but It Is Important enough
to warrant general attention and valuable
enough to be acquired by the American
Telephone and Telegraph company for
$500,000 and a large annuity to the Inventor.
It Is not often that a college professor Is
paid $100,000 a year for his labor. Prof.
Pupln Is an exception to the rule. It has
taken him about live years to work out the
picsent principle.
It was In ISM that Prof. Pupln began his
series of experiments now llrst made known
In their successful result to the public.
Doubtless many other scientists had pon
dered over the problems of resistance In
wires used for long distance transmission,
but no one saw a way of overcoming the
dlfllcultles. With tho systems now In use
only ery long electric waves can be pro
duced. These waves are hundreds of miles
long and tho main dllllculty In llndlug a way
of studying their effects lies In Just this
fact their great length.
Tho chief drawback to long distance tele
phony has been tho blurring of tho vlbrn-
PROF. MICHAEL IDVORSKY PL'PIN, CO
P
i
r.'.UMBIA UNIVERSITY INVENTOR OF
BW SYSTEM OP TELEPHONING AND
TELEGRAPHING.
Ions which act on tho telephone receiver,
caused by tho notion of these long waves.
In telegraphy tho main dllllculty seems to
havo boon tho loss of energy along the line,
togother with tho great resistance of a
long lino. Theso dllllcultlcs Prof. Pupln
set about to overcomo by an apparatus
which would produce short wnves and re
duce the evil effects of resistance.
To I'roiluot' Shorter Wiivm.
How was ho to produce shorter waves?
Ho thought to bear first tho light of other
scieuco on the problem, and taking tho
action of n wavo of light In passing through
different mediums, thus producing various
wavo lengths, ho applied tho principle to
olcctrlc waves. Por exnniple, tho wavo
length of sodium light Is shorter In glass
than In vacuum light travels slower lr.
glass than In vacuum, nnd If one could
incroaso tho Index of rofrnctlon of glass
to nnythlng ho wished ho could increase- the
wavo longth In that glass to anything ho
wished. As tho medium grows denser tho
energy it stores up Increases. Ab Prof. Pupln
argued, If a substanco which stores up a
thousand times ns much energy ns a vac
uum bo placed In tho path of tho rny of
light tho waves will bo ono-thousandth part
as long In that ubstnnco as In tho vacuum.
Now npply tho principle to clecti Ic waves
Prof. Pupln found tho necessary medium
In n certnln "choking coll" of wire, which
ho inserted nt Intorvals In his telephone
circuit. In ono of his earlier experiments,
he connected In n single circuit fourteen
colls of wire, each of which was cnpablo
of storing up the same amount of energy
ns ten miles of telephono wires, that Is
to say, each had tho samo amount of self
induction, resistance, nnd capacity ns ten
miles of telephone wire. Tho colls were
plnced threo Inches apart, making a total
longth of threo and a half feet. Ho had
then tho equivalent of 110 miles of telo
phono wlro. A wnvo 110 miles long would
dovolop Its wholo wavo length, tnklng a
Bplral courso now, In tho fourteen colls, but
ns It hnd gone ovor only three and a half
feot Its rectilinear velocity and therefore
Its rectilinear wavo length was reduced to
threo and nnd ono-half feet, a reduction to
less than one-two hundred thousandth part
of Its original length.
Thus, vory simply, It would seem, Pro
fessor Pupln found a way of creating short
waves and hnvlng found thorn of making
swift and accurato electric communication
posslblo ovor much greator distances than
before. One of tho great obstacles to ocean
telephony wns then removed. It remained
to arrange the coll nlong his wire or cable
In such a manner that tho right effects
would be produced, by so adjusting each
coll that the energy sent through the cir
cuit would be conserved. It Is in the ad
justment of tho colls that the virtue of the
Invention consists, and the explanation Is
too technical for general comprehension. It
Is sulllclent for the laymen to know that
these Pupln colls overcome tho evil effects
of electric resistance nnd make possible
another great step In practical progress
'l ii Illustrate the I n t ciitioii.
To illustrate the Invention by Profcssoi
Puplu's present laboratory apparatus, 2."0
miles of wlro are supplied with 2.'0 "cliok
lug colls," ono coll being Inserted In every
mile of the circuit. It was found that the
absorption of energy which generally takes
place along a telegraph or telephono clr
cult was greatly reduced. Accordingly the
same transmitter would go much farther
with his apparatus. It was a problem of
equally distributing cnpaclty, self-fnductlon
and resistance.
In Its outward appearance Prof. Pupliis
laboratory presents a curious looking ap
paratus. Over on each of live tables stands
a box about two feet square, In which Is
contained fifty miles of wire, representing,
if you will, llfty miles of ocean cable. Prom
each box project connections for 200 wires
nnd these wires tiro attached to fifty colls,
each coil being supplied with four terminals.
The colls themselves look like small
earthen Jars open at both ends. In reality
they arc merely made up each of two colls
of wlro of different size carefully Insulated
from each other and having the effect of nn
ordinary Induction coll. Doubtless in tho
working out of the right relations between
these two sets of wires In the coil Prof.
Pupln encountered his greatest problem.
To get the effect which should give the
proper resulttin on his circuit wns most
Important, but once tho relation wns estab
lished the principle could bo applied com
mercially to nny extent. It is in this part
of tho apparatus entirely that tho utility
of the Invention consists, lly the use of
these coIIb, properly adjusted and properly
placed along tho line of desired communica
tion, the system can bo applied to any kind
of electric communication.
With tho circuit of 2,10 miles which Prof.
Pupln has arranged he has found that one
coil every mile will bring the right result.
In tho case of ocean cables this proportion
may not hold good, but Prof. Pupln docs not
nutlclpato any dllllculty In adjusting his
method to tho required conditions. Of
courso the uso of the npparatus will entail
a now system of construction In telephone
and telegraph wires. Our telephone wires
of tho future will havo ono of Prof. Pu
plu's colls Inserted nt certain Intervals
along the lino of communication.
Veil Cubic MiinI lit- l.nid.
Por this reason a revolution In the pres
ent system of cabling cannot take place at
once. A new cnblo must bo laid, a Pupln
cable It may be called, which will tlltfer
from tho ordinary cable by having perhaps
thousands of these llttlfi induction coils
attached to It. With his 2.1U miles of tele
phono or telegraph circuit (It can be used
for either purpose), Professor Pupln has
demonstrated to the satisfaction of experts
that his system Is entirely practicable. Tho
American Telephono and Telegraph com
pany have sulllclent faith In tho Invention
to make a purchase of It for $."00,000 and
to guarantee to tho Inventor an annuity of
$7,G00. It Is their purpose to Install tho
system on lnnd wires and it is proposed
soon to lay another Atlantic cnblo after tho
AN EFFECTIVE SPRING WALKING
DRESS, WITH BELTED ULOPSE COAT,
SHOWING NEW DAG SLEEVES.
Pupln pattern. Up to the pr- b. nt time tho
longest distance accomplished for telephony
Is somo 1 ,500 miles, but Professor Pupln
anticipates no dllllculty In telephoning sov
eral thousand miles. Already experiments
havo been mndo looking toward tho appli
cation of telegraphy at the rato of 1,000
words a mlnuto with tho now rapid tele
jilt lii
iip 1 MB ls
IH OP PI PIN'S LAIIOR
graph Instrument attached to this appa
ratus, and there seems to bo no reason
why success should not follow. Indued,
Professor Pupln says that tho experiments
have already shown that rapid telegraphy
In connection with his system Is an as
sured fact.
At any rate, the present tedious method
of cabling will be superseded by nt least
the speed and method of ordinary land tel
egraphy. With Professor Pupln's npparatus
a much larger proportion of tho en
orgy Imparted to the transmitting end of
the cable will be received at the other
terminal and the reflecting mirror and slue
wave method will be unnecessary. Mes
sages may be sent and received through a
trans-Atlantic cable ns readily as a mes
sage can now be sent from New York to
Philadelphia. More than that, ocean tele
phony Is possible. We may talk with friends
on tho continent as readily as we now tnlk
over a distance of a few miles. Tho pres
ent Improvement Is of more far-reaching
Importance In that the easier means of
communication will bring about cheaper
rates for ocean ami land messages. In
deed tho Imagination mny carry ono far
in the attempt to limit the possibilities of
such a simple apparatus as this Invention
proves to bo.
The Matter of Jolts
Cleveland Plain Denier: Tho Massachu
setts supremo court has decided that street
car Jolts do not prove contributory negll
gonco on the part of the motormnn. This
ricoms to leave tho field wide open for the
Jotters. The motormnn, if of n revengeful
or playful disposition, can Jolt tho very
socks off his uncomplaining load for what's
tho good of complaining In tho fnco of the
Massachusetts precedent?
Somo tlmo ago a passenger on tho Wade
park lino happened to let his gnzo wander
to tho heaving floor of tho cnr.
"Sir," ho said between Jolts to the man
opposite him, "your falso teeth appear to
havo been Jolted out of your mouth anil
onto the floor of the car."
"Sir," said the unfortunate passenger, ns
he took n fresh grip on the edge of the
seat, "I am well aware of the unpleasant
fact. Don't you seo that I am sitting hero
waiting for that brute of a motormnn to
Jolt 'em back again!"
As they say In the higher Institutes of
learning. "Wouldn't that Jolt you!"
Pointed Paragraphs
Chicago News: Merit often turns up In
unoxpected places.
A man without a country Is ono who lives
In a town.
Wlso Is ho who has a cage ready for the
bird In hand.
Tho rolling stone reaches the foot of the
hill In duo time.
When you can get a horso nt a bargain-
drlvo the bargain.
Empty compliments and senseless abuse
nro on nn equal footing.
Corkscrews have sunk more people than
cork Jackets ever saved.
A stiff upper lip Is useless when pitted
against a wagging lower Jaw.
Smartness enables a man to catch on nnd
wisdom enables him to let go.
The ribbon of the slock ticker might be
appropriately termed "read tape."
The larger a man's salary Is tho larger
the Increase ho thinks ho Is entitled to.
Somo men nio so accustomed to making
fools of themselves that they don't mind It.
It tnkos two to make a qtmrrol but whon
ono Is willing It's easy enough to llnd
nnothor.
When a young man takes a pretty girl for
a boat ride ho Is seldom content with hug
ging tho shors.
A spinster says that nn old bachelor Is a
man who has lost an opportunity In mako
somo woman mlsorable for life.
TORY IN CO 1.1 Mill A IWI VERS1TY HIS
Mrs. Carrie Nation
The "Joint Smasher
The most tnlked-of wouam In Kansas Just
now Is Mrs. Carrie Nation, the "Joint
smasher," who at present is operating in
Topekn.
Naturally, one's llrst Impulse, In consid
ering tho case of Mrs. Nation, Is to put her
down ns a crazy woman. Hut when one Is
brought Into contact with her anil becomes
Imbued with a small portion of her ear
nestness ho Is constrained to revise that
opinion.
Mrs. Nation is perhaps misguided -very
probably Is; but to say that she Is crazy
Is assuming more than the circumstances
warrant. She is terribly in earnest. She
feels that the "murder shops," ns she des
Ignntes the Joints, or saloons, are publl.-
SNAPSHOT OF MRS. CARRIE NATION
MOST TALKED-OF WOMAN IN KANSAS.
menaces, to bo wiped out at any cost nnd
by any means. Not long ago tho wrltor
asked Mrs. Nation how sho could justify the,
destruction of property under any circum
stances. With clenched lists and Hashing
eyes sho replied:
"Young man, If you should seo two man
with deadly weapons, engaged in mortal
combat, would It not bo your plain duty
to tako those weapons from them? That Is
exactly what 1 do when 1 destroy tho sa
loons. 1 am taking away tho weapon with
which our fathers, our brothers and our
boys ure being murdered. It may not bo
regular to destroy theso weapons, but It's
right and especially Is It right when all
methods recognized by law havo proved
dismal failures.
"1 am a law-abiding citizen," sho con
tinued, earnestly. "1 am not a destructive
citizen. It is tho men 1 attack who aro
destructive citizens. Tho saloon has no
legal rights In Kansas. What Is legltlmnto
property hero In this or nny other liko
olllce is not legitimate property In a saloon.
This chair Is your property ami I havo no
right to destroy It. Hut f it was In a
Joint I would havo a right to destroy It.
It would bo my duty to destroy it, Just as
much ns though I should tako tho pistol
away from that poison nnd break It and
save your life."
Mm; Hi-uiiii SiiiiihI.Imk Mirror.
Mrs. Nation herself tolls how sho first
went Into tho Jnlnl-smnslilng business:
"Last summer was tho first. I had ex
hausted every posslblo means of breaking
up tho Joints which tho law affoided. I
had worked with tho county attorney, but
nil In vain I prayed to tho Lord nnd Ho
opined tho way for me. It enmo to mo
ASSISTANT IN CHARGE
ono morning before I got up. There were
bix Joints In Kiowa, Kan., where 1 then
lived. I wrapped up my roc lis. Ami 1
didn't dare to tell a human being what 1
was about to do. 1 had bought four bottles
of malt from the Joints and had had It
annlyzul, so that I knew what It was. I
told my husband 1 was going out in the
country on professional business. You
know 1 am a practicing osteopathic phy
sician. So 1 went to the Joint. 1 told them
1 had warned tliein to shut up and that they
had not heeded my warning. Then 1 said
'I am going to break this thing up,' and 1
threw my rocks. That was the starter,
although once before 1 had helped roll a
bariel of whisky out III tho slice! at Medi
cine Lodge nnd sul lire to It."
Here is n record of what Mrs. Nation ac
complished before coming to Topekn:
At Kiowa, Kan., November 1, she wreck) d
I saloons, broke U mlrrois, dcstioycd 211
ghifscs and buttles and 20 gallons of beer
and whisky.
At Wichita, Kau., December 27, she
wrecked 1 saloon, broke 2 mirrors, destroyed
85 glasses and bottles and Kl gallons of
beer and whisky.
At Wichita, Kau., January 21, she
wrecked 2 saloons, broke 2 mirrors, de
stroyed 130 glasses and bottles and 21 gal
lons of beer and whisky.
At Enterprise, Kan., January -II, she
wrecked 1 saloon, broke 1 mirror, destroyed
ir glasses and bottles and 11 gallons of
beer and whisky.
Mrs. Nation, however, has not gone
through all this excitement without poisouul
injury. She laid In the Wlchltn Jail from
December 27 to January 17. Sho was as
saulted twice by a Joint sympathizer, Mrs.
Schiller, at Enterprise, mid badly beaten.
Hero lu Topekn sho was assaulted by Mrs.
Ed Myers, wife of a Joiutist, ami beaten
with n broomstick.
A lllue-IIIiioiliMl lit-iiliiel.liin.
Mrs. Carrie Nation lu a bluu-blooded Koti
luckhiu. She was born at tho old Moore
homestead in thu llluo Grass state. Just
when she was born Mrs. Nation, with ull ii
woman's pervcrsencss, refuses to tell. Tho
old Mooro place In Kentucky lies alongside
tho celebrated turnpike which leads from
Midway to Versailles lu Woodford county.
Her father was George Moore, who was tho
son of a well-to-do farmer of that name, who
was In his day a well known Keiilucklan.
Tho Mooro family, It is asserted, has been
for mora than a century leading and very
prominent people In the blue Gratis region.
They traco their Unengo back to tho oldest
and best families of Virginia. Tho old
Mooro farm, whoro Carrie Mooro wns born
mid pnrtly raised, lies closo to thu lino farm
whoro tho lato Genernl Abo liuford of ox
confcilcrnto army fame lived,. Tho near
neighbors of tho Moores were such people
as tho family of Major Warren Vlloy, tho
Ulnckburns, tho Harpers and tho Stouts
all celebrated Kentucky families. Whon
Carrie Mooro was about 12 years of ago her
father moved to Jackson county, Missouri,
where he lived on a farm and was well and
favorably known. Ho Is burled at Helton,
lu Cass county, Just over tho Jackson couuty
lino.
Mrs. Nation's mother was a Miss Campbell
of Iloyle county, tho daughtur of James
Campbell, whoso family also was "to the
manor born" old-fashioned, bluo-blooded
Kentiicklaiis. Mrs. Mooro, mother of Mrs,
Nation, was, It Is stated, atlllctcd with hal
lucinations and dually died lu an asylum
at Nevada, Mo. A person who know tho
family well said recently:
"Mrs. Nation's cool, determined, yet
kindly disposition, comes from tho Moore
family. Tho Moores are courageous. Intel
ligent and good, but absolutely fearless and
Irresistible. Tho tendency to hallucination
on Mrs. Nation's part Is derived from the
mother's sldo and Is characteristic."