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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1900)
THE OMAHA DAILY WSnAX, DEOHMHBU 30, 1000. 19 y v Vr A SUMMARY of tlio epochal events 1 ovcnt3 of a century of wonder working events U an appalling task, so abundant Is tho material to work on. Among tho predecessors of tho Chris tian era the nineteenth towers like a Mount Shasta on a vast plain. Viewed from nny stondpolnt, Its history Is a succession of achievements In every de partment of human activity. Tho data collated has reference chiefly to tho Unltod States, because tho great republic of tho now world has grown from an Infant to a giant among nations and led nil the rest In tho arts of pence as well as war. A feature of Rtrlklng significance, Illus trating tho marvelous development of tho trnnsmlssourl region, Is tho compilation of historic events In Nebraska and Omaha. Tho wonders wrought In this region In less than fifty yearn epltomlzo tho expansion and achievements of the nation In tho cen tury. t'olllk'iil Kpnclm. Formal union of Ireland nnd Great Brit ain, January 1, 1800. Slavery abolished In British domains, 1832. Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, Is sued 18C2. Conspiracy and trial of Aaron Ilurr, 1806. Visit of Ocnornl Lafnyctto to America, 1S21. Great debato between Daniel Wobstor and Robert Y. Hayno, United States sen ate, 1830. Strugglo for tho right of petition In con gress, 1S3G. rassago by tho scnato of Benton's resolu tion expunging from tho records tho scn ato voto of censure on 1'rcsldent Jackson's treatment of United 8tntcs bonk, March 8, 1831. 1817. 1819. Louisiana purchase effected by President Jefferson, 1803. Alexander II., emperor of Russia, emanct pates 23,000,000 serfs, 1861. General Kossuth, Hungarian liberator, visits tho United States, 1831. Lincoln nnd Douglas debates, 1858. Trenty of peaco nnd commerce between Japan and tho United Staton signed, 1860 I'rlnco of Wales visits tho United States, 1800 National grange movement In tho United States. 1872. VWlt of Dom Pedro, emperor of Brazil, to tho United States, 1876. I'rcsldont Monroo propounds tho "Mon roe doctrine" 1823. Spcclu payments resumed, 1S79. First session of tbo Parliament of Can ado. 1867. Expulsion from Bnzll of Emperor Dom Pedro. 1889. Arbitration treaty between tho United Btates and Great Britain. 1807. German cmplro proclaimed, 1871. Corn laws abolished In Englnnd, 1819. Mexican cession to tho United States, 1848. First confederate congress mot, February 4, 1SG1. Florida purchased from Spain, 1819. Flight of Louis Phlllppo from France, 1818. Napoleon csenped from Elba, 1815. Texos doclnred Independent, 1830. T)rod Scott decision, 1S57. Boring sea arbitration started In Paris, 1893. United States bnnk Incorporated, V181C. British Parliament passes Roman Catholic relief bill, 1829. Hawaii annexed to tho United Stntes, 1898. Third French republic proclaimed, 1870. finnnrnl nwnrd nald by Great Brit ain, 1S73. Sonator Allen of Nebraska speaks four- trnii nml throe-fourths hours in United Btntca senate. October 11, 1893. President Cleveland sends his Venezuelan mpssnL'B to conRrcss, 1895. International peace, congress summoned bv Russia, meets nt The Hague, 1899. Porto Rico nnd tho Philippine Islands coded by Spain to tho United States, 1899 lslnnd of Samoa ccdod to tho United States. 1900. Homestead nnd pro-omptlon laws, enacted, 1841. Hawaiian Islands annexed, 1898. Destruction of tho Independence of tho Trnnsvaal republic and Ornngo Free States, 1900. Orent Invention nml Ulncnvcrlna, Fulton's application of steam to navlga tlon on Hudson river, 1807. Savannah, flrst steamboat to cross tho Atlantic. 1819. First power printing press pntcntcd In England, 1810. First railroad, Stockton & Darlington, Eng'lnnd, 1825; Baltlmoro & Ohio, fourteen miles long, 1830. Howo's sowing machine, 1846. Tho electric telegraph, Samuol P. D. Morso, 1830; flrst lino In tho United States, 1844. Cnblo laid across tho Atlantic, 1857; per fected, 1SC6. Electric railroad at Edison's home at Monlo Park, 1880. rhotogrophy, flrst experiments by Da gucrro, 1829; flrst successful portraits by Morso, 1839. Tho spectroscopo first used, 1802; per fected, 1859. Roentgen rnys found to penetrate Bollds, 1896. Discovery of gold nt Sutler's mill, Cali fornia, by James W. Marshall, February 2, 18 IS. Petroleum discovered In Pennsylvania, 1803. First typosottlng machlno Invented, 1822 First patent for common washboard In United States, 1833. Qold discovered in tho Transvaal, 18S7; In tho Klondlko, 1897; at Capo Noma, 1S99, Invention of writing machlno for tho blind, parent of typowrltcr, In Paris, 1855; present typowrltor perfected In United States, 1872. Stenography porfoctcd, 1837. Friction matches invented In England, 1829. Gas as an lllumlnant used for flrst time, London, 1S03; In Now York, 1823. Art of photography porfocted by Louis J. M. Daguerre, 1839; flrst photograph from llfo taken, Now York, 1839. First uso of envolopcs In Unltod States, 1839. Antarctic contlnont discovered, 1S31. First steam tiro onglue, Baltimore, 1S08 First roller printed cotton goods In tho world, Philadelphia, 1810. Rovolvlug firearm perfected by Colt, 1S35, Corn shellor Invented, 1815. Corn planter perfected, 1828. Stcnm plow patented, 1838. MoCormlck reaper Invented, 1S34. Pitt's thresher patented, 1864. Screw propoller applied to vessels, 1837, First electric railway modeled, 1835. Whcatstone electrlo telegraph patented, London, 1837. Morso submarlno telegraph laid In New York harbor, 1842. Suspension of telegraph wires on poles Introduced, 1843. Cable communication between Newfound land and tho United States. 1856. Edison Invented duplex, 1873; carbon telephone, 1876; phonograph, 1877; Incan descent light, 1879; electric railway, 1S82; lclnetograph and klnetoscopo, 1892. Bell telephone patented, 1876. Arc light In use, 1873. Marconi wireless telegraphy successfully used, 1899. Manufacturo of glass by electricity, 1899. Vulcanization of rubber by Goodyear, 1635. Passing of Postago stamps Introduced In United States, 1810. Hoe doublo cylinder printing press In vented, 1842. Folding bed patented In United States, Ericsson's Ironclad monitor Invented, 1854; completed, 1862. First United States patent Issued on elec tric lamp, 1858. Qatllng guns first made, 1862. Dynamite tested and approved, 1868. Stock ticker Invented by Edison, 1871. Inilunt rial KvetitM. First sheet cupper factory, Massachu setts, 1802. First clock factory started, In Connecti cut, 1802. Cotton mill opened, Now Hampshire, 1S03. Ilrst pin factory and rolling mill In United States, 1812. Patent leather making begun, New Jersey. Gas making begun, at Boston, 1822. I'Irst varnish factory nnd flrst omnibus factory In United States, 182S. Manufacture of locomotives begun, 1829. Lead pencil factory started at Salem, Mass., 1830. First successful American locomotlvo built by Baldwin, 1S32. Table cutlery factory started at Green- Held, Mass., 1834. Manufacturo of modern matches begun, 163;.. Steam hammer Introduced in Iron works. 1838. Photogrnphlo supply Industry Inaugu rated, 1839. First sewing machlno factory In tho world Btnrtcd In Massachusetts, 1847. Manufucturo of telegraph Instruments begun, 1818. Manufacture of spun silk In Connecticut, 1850. First watch factory In United States, nt Boston, 1850. Manufucturo of mowing machines begun, 1851. Bessemer stool making started, 1856. Stcol rails mado for first time, 1857. Flr3t factory for typewriters started. 1874. Manufacturo of telephones begun In United States, 1877. Blcyclo Industry inaugurated at Hartford. 1878i Manufacturo of automobiles commenced. 189C. First sleeping berth in car introduced on Cumberland railroad, Pennsylvania, 1836. Mrst Wagner sleeping car Introduced. 1858; Pullman, 1809. First railroad, Hannibal & St. Joo. com pleted to Missouri river, 1859. Urst hotel car introduced. In Canada. 1807; in United States, 1SC8. eatlnghouso nlr brakes applied to trains. 1S68. First vcstlbulo train constructed In United States, 1886. Warn nml Hcvolntlnnii. Battlo of Atistorlltz, Napoleon defeats Austrlans nnd Russians, 1805. Battlo of Trafalgar, Nelsou sinks French fleet, 1805. Moscow burned by tho Russians to en trap Napoleon, 1812. United States and Qrcnt Brltnln. 1812-15: Pcrry'H victory on Lake Erlo, Soptcmber 1, 1813; burning of tho national capltol by tho British, August, 1814; triumph of American arms under Jackson nt New Orleans, January 8, 1310 Battlo of Waterloo, Napoleon vanauUhcd. 1815. Battlo of Navarino, securing Greek In dependence, 1827. War of tbo United States and Moxlco. 1847; capital taken by tho Americans, Sep- tcmrjcr 14. Crimean war. Great Britain. Franco and Sardinia against Russia, 1853-55. India mutiny, in which natlvo soldiers massacre English men, women and children, 1857. Franco-Austrian war, 1859. followed by Garibaldi's campaign unifying Italy, 1860. Tho greut civil war in America, 1801- 05. Surrender of Leo to Grant at Ap pomattox, April 9, 1865. Austro-Prusslan war. Decisive battle. Sndowa, July 3, 1866. Franco-Pru8lnn war. Decisive battle, Sedan, September 1, 1870, followed by fed eration of German states In German cmplro. Russo-Turklsb war. Battlo of Plevna, December 10, 1877. Bombardment of Alexandria by tho British, 1882, followed by tho occupation of Egypt. War botween Chinese and Japanese, 1894. . Amerlcnn-Spnnlsh war, Manila, May 1, 1898; Santiago, July 3, 1898. War by Great Britain ngalntt South African republics, 1899-1900. France becomes nn empire, 1801; a re public, 1848; an cmplro agalu, 1852; third republic, 1870. General outbreak of revolutions through out Europe, 1848. Filipino war, began Fobruary 6, 1899. Still continues. Invasion of China by troops of United States, Great Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Russia nnd Italy, began Mny 31, 1900, for rcscuo of Imprisoned legations at Pokln; rescuo effected August 15, 1900. Italian troops occupy Rome, 1870. Spanish-American peace treaty signed ni Paris, December 10, 1898. Kveiitn In I.ulxir World. First trndo union In United States, com posed of tailors, 1806, Worklngmen's party In local politics, 1823. First printors' union in United States, 1831. Movemeut for ten-hour day In New Eng land, 1832. Ten-hour system established In United States navy yards, 1840. Now Hampshire flrst (o make ten hours a legal day's work, 1S47. Century Epochs iti Nebraska 18C3 Franco ceded tltlo to the United StatoJ. 1801 Exploration of Lewis nnd Clarke. 1810 American Fur company trading post established at Bellcvue. 1312 Platto valley explored by Stowart, McClolInn and Crooks. 119 First stenmboat on tho Missouri river, conveylug tho Long expedition, reached tho slto of tho present city of Omaha. 1833 Protestant missions established among tho Indian tribes. 1833 Platto river explored by Colonel Dodge, United States engineer. 1S42 Colonel Fremont explored Platto val ley. 1834 Territory of Nebraska organlztd by act of congress; Francis Burt of'South Carolina appointed governor; Omaha chosen tho capital; population of the territory, excluding Indians, 2,732. 1855 First territorial leglslaturo assembled at Omaha. 1857 Financial panic nnd collapso of scrip banks. 1858 Rump leglslaturo organized at Flor ence and suppressed. 1859 Pawnee war excitement; republican party organized. 1861 First Nebraska Infantry mustered In for tho war. 1862 Pacific telegraph from Omaha to Sacra- racuto completed. 1867 Nebraska admitted as a stato and state government Inaugurated; Lin a Century Notable Triumphs of a Century American homes. ! Public school system. Expansion of the nation. Steam and electric railroads. Homestead and pre-emption laws. National banks, savings banks. Newspapers and magazines. Telegraph and telephone. Public water supply in cities. Pavements and sewers. Electric light, heat and power. Power farm machinery. ; Steam printing presses. Churches by the thousands. Postal service. . Coal for heat and power. Henevolent and insurance societies.. Charitable organizations and institutions. 1 1. ..i j p ..I.. vuumiuii ui suivery. Compressed air, liquid air. Automatic machinery. Stenography and typewriting. Typesetting by macliiuery. Steamships and naval vessels. Cooking ranges and cooking. Submarine navigation. ' Photography. ' Hicycles and automobiles. Arts and sciences. Mills and factories. Sanitary science and plumbing. Steel manufactures. Dome building associations. ;t Mineral development. ,' Telegraphing without wires. Labor-saving inventions. f, More employment, better wages. j. Shorter hours of labor. Public libraries. .. Drama, music, literature. j National and municipal parks. ' : Sewing machines. : Talking machines. Clocks and watches. ' Success in war and peace. Tho International Typographical union formed, 1852. Great revival In labor movement, 1860. First assembly Knights of Labor formed In secret, Philadelphia, 1SC7. Eight-hour law enncted by congress, 186S. First strlko for eight-hour day, 1872. Strlko against wago reduction on rail roads In eastern and inlddlo states, Involv ing 200,000 men, 1876. Knights of Labor publicly organized at Reading, Pa., 1878. From 1881 to 1894 there woro 14,380 Btrlkes, Involving 69,170 establishments, throwing out of employment 3,714,000 per sons; 45 per cent wcro successful. Homestead iron works strlko and riots, swltchmon's strlko at Buffalo, street car strlko at New Orleans, 1892. Famous Pullman strlko, 1894. Labor day mado a national legal holiday, 1894. Coxey and Kelly array marches, 1894. Lattlmor strlko tragedy, Hazloton, Pa., 1897. New England cotton mill strlko, 1898. Flerco strlko of street car employes, Cleveland, 1899. Anthraclto coal minors' strlko, 1900. Iti'llKiuilH. Organization of tho American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1810; flrst missionaries scut out, 1811. Organization of tho first Sunday school union In London, 1803; American, 1821. British and Foreign Blblo society founded, 1801. American Blblo society organized, 1816. First Young Men's Christian association established by Georgo Williams In London, 1811. Tho Inquisition abolished by tho Spanish Cortes, 1820. Beginning of tho Salvation Army, I860. Doctrine of papal Infallibility formally endorsed by tho Ecumenical council, 1870. Blblo revision; New Testament Issued, 1881; Old Tcstamont, 1S8".. Institution of tho Mormon church by Joseph Smith, 1830; assassination of Joseph Smith by mob at Nauvoo, 111., Juno 27, 1841; exodus to Salt Lake valley, 1846; founding of Salt Lake City, 1S47. Organization of the flrst Young PeopH's Society of Christian Endeavor, 1881. Organization of tho Order of King's Daughters, 1S86. Mlllcrlto movement In tho United States end tho expected destruction of tho world, 1813., Origin of spiritualism, Rochester, N. Y., 1847. Great religious awakening In the United States, 1807-08. Moody nnd Sankey revival movement, 1875-70. Consecration of tho flrst cardinal In tho coln chosen capital r'ty. 1868 Burlington railroad completed to Lin. coin. 1869 State university opened. 1871 Impeachment of Governor David But ler; flrst convention to rovlso stato constitution; draft of constitution defeated; Mitchell and Ketchum, settlors In Broken Bow valley, tor tured to death by cowboy desper adoes. j6ij urassuoppor visitation; second con vention to revlso constitution; draft of constitution adopUd, 1881 Slocumb high Uccnso law enacted. 1S8S Qreat blizzard, destructive of llfo and property, January 12. 1890 Prohibition amendment to constitution defeated by electors; James E. Boyd. democrat, elected governor; sugar beot cultivation begun. 1691 Governor Thayer Uocllned to yield o.llce; Btato supremo court adjudges Boyd luellglblo. 1692 nights of James E. Boyd to office of governor afllrmod by United States supremo court. liMi Great drouth in Nebraska nnd tho wost; Barrott Scott, defaulting tioasuror of Holt county, hanged by vigilantes, January 1. 1890 First irrlgatlou fair at North Platte, 1897 Joseph Bartley. defaulting stato treas urer, convicted nud sentenced to the penitentiary. United States, Archbishop McClosky, Now York, 1875. First Mormon church dedicated, 1830. Infallibility of popo decreed, 1870. Christian Scientists founded by Mrs. Eddy, 1869. Temporal power of tho popo ended, 1870, Church of Ireland disestablished, 1871. First Chautauqua assembly, August, 1874. Death of Plus IX., Cardinal Joachim Pcccl chosen pope, 1878. Salvation army organized in United States, 1880. Young Pooplo's Society of Christian En deavor founded, Portland, Mo., 1881. Dr. Brlggs tried for heresy, 1892. Musical nml Drnniatlo. Musical tour of tho United States by Jenny Llnd, 1850. Charlotte Cushman's debut on stage, Boston, 1835, First appearanco of Mncrcady on tho American stage, 1826. Adcllna Pattl's first appearance on stage Now York. 1857. Violinist OIo Bull's flrst visit to tho United States, 1843. Debut of Lawrenco Barrott, 1853. John Brougham's debut, 1850. First appearanco of Adclaldo Rlstorl New York, 1806. Booth's theater opened, 1869. First appearanco of Mary Anderson, 1873 Death of Charlotte Cushman, 1876. Debut of Helen Modjcska, San Francisco 1877. First American tour of Henry Irving and Ellon Terry, 1883. First appearanco of Richard Mansfield In stellar role, Boston, 1883. Visit of Tomaso Salvlnl to United States 1875. Debut of Elcanora Duso in America, 1693 First musical convention In United States hold at Concord, N. 11., 1825. National Musical Peaco jubllco at Bos ton, conducted by Patrick S. GUraorc, 1869 nnd International Musical festival, 1872. Pooplo's choral movement started In New York, 1892. flrent Legal Krrnts. Robert Emmot tried for high treason convlctod nnd executed at Dublin, 1803. Aaron Burr tried for high treason and acqulttod, 1807. Dred Scott cases, 1856. Jom Sownrd (original "Jim tho Penman") tried for forgery to amount of $000,000, 1857 Trial of General Daniel E. Slckle3 for Wiling Philip Barton Key, Washington 1859. Trial of John Brown and comrades, 1859 Trial, conviction and execution of con splrators for tho assassination of President Lincoln, 1865. Impeachment of President Andrew John son, 1867. Tlchborno trial began 1871, ended 1S74. Credit Mpblller trials, 1872. Trial and conviction of Boss Tweed, New York, 1873. Honry Ward Boecher trial, 1875. Trial, conviction and execution of Gulteau, assassin of President Garfield. Conviction and execution of Chicago an archlsts, 18S7. Trial of "tho triangle" for killing Dr, Cronln, Chicago, 1889. rriai or wapiain ureyrus, French army ofllcor, 1894-99. Arbitration board on Venezuelan boua dary dlsputo, 1899. Mi-dicul DUcovrrle. Vaccination legalized, 1S03. Homeopathy promulgated, 1810. Stethosccpo Invented, 1810. Value of morphine discovered, 1816. Qulnlno as a medical agent demonstrated 1820. Professional nurses flrst employed, Phlla delphla, 1828. Chloroform discovered, 1S37; not goner ally used till 1847. Laughing gas as n preventative of pain 1614. Transfusion of blood In general practice 1868. Antiseptics discovered, 1875. Gorra thoory demonstrated, 1879. Pasteur remedy for hydrophobia, 1884 X rays In surgery, 1895. Trau rillei. Fatal duel botween Aaron Burr and Al oxandor Hamilton, 1804. Duel between Henry Clay nnd John Ran dolpb, 1826. Attempted assassination of President Jackson, national capltol, Washington, 183 Mutiny on board tho United States brig-of-war Homers and hanging of Midshipman Spencer, ringleader, 1842. Explosion of Commodore Stockton's great gun, tho "Peacemaker," on board tho 'rlnceton, February 2S, IS 14. Murder of Dr. Georgo I'arkranu of Boston by Prof. John W. Webster of Harvard col lege, 1819. Reign of tho vlgllanco commlttco In San Franclscoi 1SS1. Assault on Hon. Charlos Sumner by Hon. Preston S. Brooks, United State9 senate, Mny 22, 1856. Assassination of President Lincoln by J. Wilkes Booth, In Ford's theater, Washing ton, April 14, 1865. Emperor Mnxlmllllan executed In Mexico. 1867. Assassination of President Garfield, 1881. Emperor Alexander II. of Russia as sassinated, 1831; President Carnot of rnnco, 1891; shnh of Persia, 1S96; King Humbert of Italy, 1900. Battleship Maine blown up in Havana arbor, Fobruary 15, 1S9S. Natlvo American riots In Philadelphia, 1S44. Boulangcr, French general, commits sul- cldo, 1891. Xutublc IJIsiistcrs. Earthquakes: Caracas, 1812; India, 2,000 persons killed, 1S19; Canton, China, 0,000 perished, 1S30; Calabria, 1,000 persons burled, 1835; San Domltigo, 5,000 killed, 1S42; southern Ituly, 14,000 lives lost, 1852; Calabria, 10.000 killed, 1857; Quito, C.000 deaths, 1859; Mondozn, South America, ,000 deaths, 1SC0; Manila, 1,000 deaths, 1863; Mltylone, 1,000 deaths, 1867; Arcqulpa and district, 25,000 deaths, 1S68; San Jose, Colombia, 14,000 deaths, 1873; Sclo, 4,000 deaths, 1881; CaBsaralcclola, 1,990 deaths, 1SS3; Charleston, S. C, property worth 3,000,000 destroyed and forty-ono lives lost, 1887; In tho Riviera, 2,000 deaths, 1SS7; Japan, 4,000 dead, 0,000 wounded, 1S91; New Madrid, Mo., 1811; California, 1865 and 1863. Night of tho "bte wind" In Now Eng land, Soptcmber 23, 1815; 0,000 lives lost In town of Dorchester nlono. Burning of tho city of Chicago, Octobor 8, 1871; 200 lives lost; property loss, J200, 000,000. Concmaugh flood, destroying Johnstown, Pa., 18S9. Tidal wave In Japan destroys 00,000 houses and 2,119 lives, 1889. Tidal wnvo and tornado at Gnlveston, 1900; 0,000 lives lost; property loss, $15,- 000,000. Great bllzznrd In tho west, January 12, 1888; In New York City, March, 18S8. Sauican hurricane, four men-of-war lost, 1889. Cyclono at St. Louis, Mo., 400 killed, Mny 27, 1890. Brooklyn theater fire, 300 killed, 1870. First railroad disaster on record. In Enc- land, eight persons killed, 1341. First railroad wreck In tho United States, Norwnllr, Conn., Mny 6, 1853; 46 killed, 36 wounded. Scries of sixty tornadoes swept portions of North and South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky and Illinois, Fobruary 9, 1884; S00 persons killed, 2,000 wounded, 10,000 buildings destroyed Breaking of dam and exploding oil tanks killed 300 at Oil City nnd Tltusvlllo, Pa 1SS2. Atlantic coast storms from Florida to Canada, August 20 to 30, 1893, caused loss of 2,000 lives and mado 30,000 homeless. persons, October 3, 1893. Overflow of tho Dnnubo drowned 12,000 persons, 1813; again in lSi'.i, Hooding two Hungarian towns, leveling 0,233 buildings. Overflow of Yellow river, China, 1871. flooded 140,000 squaio miles, destroyed farms of 9,000,000 people, followed by fnmlno In 1872; estimated loss of life, 2,000,000. Tidal wave In Japan, 1891, drowned 18,709 pcoplo nnd wrecked 0,243 homes. Overflow of Indus and Ganges rivers, In din, 1S75, drowned 20,000 persons nnd mado 000,000 homeless. Malignant spotted fever In northern Btates, 1S06 to 1815. Yellow fovcr appeared In New York In 1822 and spread over north nnd south. Asiatic cholera appears In United States for tho flrst time, 1832, coming by way of Canadn, followed tho lakes westward and south by rivers, nnd was fatal beyond all precedent In St. Loul3 nnd Now Orleans, 1833. Second scourge appeared In Now Orleans, 1849, nnd swept northward to New England states, making grave yards look Uko plowed fields. Fnniliii-x. Seven disastrous famines occurred In In dla during tho century 1837-38, 1860-01, 1863-06, 1808-69, 1877, 1895, 1899-1900 In Epochs in Omaha's History 1S2I Stockado trading post erected on tho slto of tho city by Peter A. Sarpy. 1S40 Mormons sottlcd at Florence, slv miles north. 1851 Pioneer ferry across tho river estab lished. 1853 First clnlm filed on the townslte by W. D. Brown; townslto surveyed by A. D. Jones. 1854- First postmaster nppolntcd; steam ferry inaugurated; land ceded from tho Indians and platted; Omiha mado tho capital of tho territory of Nebraska; first newspaper, tho Ar row, Issued. First school opened; Ilrst church so 18, cloty organized. 1850 Public whipping of vagabonds; first bunk organized; United States land office opened. 18: City of Omaha incorporated by legis lative act; municipal government organized; Jcsso Lowo elected mayor; destruction of building by Claim club. First city bonds, amounting to 557,500, 1858- authorized; two horsn thieves lynched; Omaha Republican (weekly) started. 1800 Telegraph lino reached tho city; first theatrical performance given; first dally newspaper Issued; Pioneer Hook and Ladder company organ ized; old court houso of Douglas county built. 1SC3 Construction of Union Pacific railroad begun within city limits; flrst legnl execution for crime of murder; First National bank organized. 1S61 Public froo schools started; Unloa Pa cific shops built. 1805 First theater established; Omaha Dally Herald established; flrst pub lic school building erected; Young Men's Christian association organ ized. 1SC6 First building for thcatrlcnl purposes erected; pollco force organized; first coupon ticket to Chicago water and rail sold by Harry Douel. 1867 Streot Hallway company organized; Chicago & Northwcstorn railroad comploted. 1868 Military district of the Platte estab lished, with headquarters In city; Fort Omaha designated; Chicago, nurllngton & Qulncy railroad com pleted to Omaha; gas manufacture begun. 1869 Stato Institute for Deaf and Dumb opened; flrst local railroad company organized; public colobratlon of romplotlon of Union Pacific, May 10; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific in History which It Is estimated 4,500,000 lives were lost. Famine In Ireland In 1SI6-7-S caused loss of 125,000 lives nnd precipitated emigra tion which reduced tho population from 8.000,000 la tho MOs to 4,500,000 nt the pres ent time. Most destructive famine of the century swept northern China In 1877-78, In which l,50O,000 perished. Russia, In 1S91, 110,000 lives lost. i:tilnrittliin. In the Arctic Expedition of Sir John Franklin, 1S45; DcLong. 187D; Orcely, 1881; Peary, 1S92; Nnnsen, 1594; duko of Abruzzl (farthest north), 1900. In the Antarctic: Blacoe, 1831; Batlcny, 1S3S; lVUrvlllc. 1810; Ross, 1SI1; Wilkes, 1842; Borchgrovlnk, 1SP8. In Africa: Livingstone, 1840-73; Stan ley, 1S75-S7; Spoke nnd Grant, 1S63. In America: Lewis and Clark, St. louls to Oregon, 1801-5; John C. Fremont's Jour ney west to tho Pacific, 1842-16. American expedition to tho River Jordan nnd tho Dead sen, 1347. AVoinlcm of thr- llrnvciin. Total solar eclipse, at midday, July 10, 1800, nud August 7, 1SG9. Phenomenal meteoric shower all over tho United States, November 13, 1833. Magnificent aurora borcalle encompassing tho wholo nrmamont, 1837. Sudden appearanco of n fiery comet, In tho skies nt noonday, 1S43. Total ocllpso of tho sun nnd moon, 1900. Fnmotin KxiiualtlouM. World's fair, London, 1851; Crystal Palace, Now York, 1S03; Centennial exposition, Philadelphia, 1870; World's Columbian fair, Chicago, 1893; Midwinter fair, San Fran Cisco, 1894; Atlanta exposition, 1895; Trans nilssls3lppl exposition, Omaha, 1S9S; Greater America exposition, Omaha, 1899. MIhucIIiiiiuous. Capturo and execution of Glbbs, noted P irate of tho Now England coast, 1831. Breaking out of tcmpcrancu reformation, Saratoga, N. Y 1840. Father Matthew tempcranco movomont In Ireland, 1S40; In ten years, 6,000,000 persons in Great Brltnln, Ireland and tho United States took tbo pledge. Victorious race of tho yacht "America," In International regattu, off Cowcs, Eng land, August, 1551. Financial panic and buslnoss depression In tho United States, 1837. Completion of tho Pacific railroad by Junction of Union and Central Pnclflo Hues at Promontory Point. Utah, May 10, 1869. Alaska ccdod to tho United Stntes, 1867, Opening of tbo Suez cnnnl, 1869. Express business started In tho United Stntes, 1839. First agricultural paper In tho United Stntes, published at Baltimore, 1819. Independent Ordor of Odd Fellows In stituted In tha United Stntes, 1819. Anarchist riots In Chicago, 1886. Construction of Erlo canal commenced, 1817. First steamboat on Lnko Erlo, 1818. Street railways Introduced In England, 1800. First overland mall to California left St Louis, September 16, 1858. First boat through Erlo canal reaches New York, 1825. Standard tlmo substituted for local time, 1883. Organization of tho Red Cross socloty nt Geneva, 1801. Organization of tho Woman's Christian Temperanco .union, 1873. Northern Pacific railroad completed, 18S2, First locomotlvo lmpil.-tod from huglaud 1829. " Western Union telegraph established, 1851 First messago telegraphed, Now York to San Francisco, 1SC1. Exportation of dressed beet commenced 1870. M'linlitiiK tor II In lloiiril. Philadelphia Record: A now flold of uso fulness has boon discovered for tho super fluous man, nnd a woman who lives In a Twelfth street apartment houso vouches for tho dlscovory. Her bell rang on Mon dny morning nnd tho colored maid an nounccd that "do washman hab cum." "Tho wnshmnn? You mean washerwoman, don't you?" cxclnlmed her mistress. "No'm; It's do wnshmnn now," said 'Llzn. "Do lady w'ot dono ustcr do do wnBhln' Is n frlen ob mine, nn' Ah dono got 'or n stlddy Job las' week workln' In u fambly on Locust strcot." "Well, then, who's to do my wash? demanded 'Llzn s mistress. "Why do wnshmnn. Ho's dono yoro now," said 'Liza. "Ho's do husbnn' o' my lady frlen' w'ot used to do do washln'. He's a no' count nlggnh, an' now she's got a stlddy Job, ho's gwlno do her washln' fcr his bo'd! complotcd to Omaha. 1871 Omaha & Southwestern railroad, now Burlington, started; erection cf Grand Central botol. 1872 High school completed. 1875 Crelghton collcgo founded; main building opened 1873 1878 Destruction of Grand Central hotel by lire, llvo lives lost. 1881 Douglas county court houso com plctod. 18S2 Chicago, Mllwaukoo Si St. Paul rail road extonded to city. 1881 Missouri Pacific railroad built to tho city 1885 Evening World-Herald Issued; eonsol ldatod with Herald, 1891; Chicago, Burlington & Qulncy trains enter Omaha. 1887 Visit of President and Mrs. Cli vc land; Omaha and Council Bluffs Brldgo company organized; F. E. i M. V. railroad connected with city East Omahn Brldgo and Terminal company Incorporated. 1888 Slto for Fort Crook purchased. 1889 Erection of prcsont city hall begun lico building completed. 1591 Visit of Presldont Kari-lson nnd party; Tenth street vlnduot opened Boyd's second opora houso opened Ed Nonl executed for murder of Allan and Dorothy Jones on Plnnoy farm; Joo Coo, negro, lynched by mob for alleged assault, October 9, 1S92 General conference of the Mcthodls Episcopal church; public library imiiuing erected; exposition build ing destroyed by flro; Collsoum built; national convention of pco pic's party, July 4. 1893 Nebraska eight-hour law went Into cIToct, causing strikes In tho smelt lug works nnd In Job printing ofllces draw brldgo over Missouri river n East Omaha built; Crelghton Modi cnl college founded. 1595 Knights of Ak-Sar-Bcn organized. 1806 Transmlsslsslppl Exposition com pnny organized. 1S9S TrnnsmlB8lsslppl Exposition, Juno to Octobor 31; Burlington depot complotcd; visit of President Mc , Klnloy nnd party, October 12. 1S99 Qrcatcr Amorlcn Exposition, Juno in wciuucr oi; union depot com pleted; Illustrated Boo started visit of Rear Admiral Schlay; ex tension of Illinois Central railroad 1900 Inauguration of fall musical festival and organization of Auditorium company; nbductlon of E. A. Cud any, jr., ransomed for 125,000 1 gold. F THE nineteenth conturj' has been marked by progress lu any nlnglo direction it is emphatically that of science. Standing now nt its very close n glance nt tho personalities who did most toward tho shap ing of this tendency nnd tho moulding of men s minis Is timely. TUoro liavo bo;n groat men In other departments of human en- eavor, great writers, groat statesmen, nrt- lata uud musicians, but It Is by Us scientific enlevements that tho century will bo marked out from nil preceding centuries. No less a man than Alfred Russcl Wnllaco has pointed out that tho sotentlflu achieve ments of tho last hundred years have been greater in extent nnd number than those ot II previous centuries combined. And it has been not only In theoretical but In practical Bctenco ns well that most has been accomplished, lu tho lifting of tho burden f lnbor by machinery, tho speedy transit of men ami goods nnd tho alleviation of human suffering this has been tho century ot rcnturleo. This has been tho ngo of steam. One of tho pathfinders In this direction was James Watt (1736-1819). Tho delicnto boy who could not piny tho rough games of his fol lows was to startlo tho world by his tils ovory that water, so long considered ouo ot the elementary subt.tnnccs, wns really made up of two gases, oxygen nnd hydrogen. But ho did not stop hero. Ho Invented the condenser of the 6 team engine nnd the loscd cylinder which has mado the locomo tive possible, opening the way to all tho progress which tho railway hat brought with It. In 17C9 ho constructed the flrst steam cnglnu that would work satisfac torily. It was ho who suggested tho metrlo s)stcm which has been adopted all over Europe. Next to steam It Is electricity that has dono most for tho advancement ot tho race during this century, and foremost among the original minds that solved tho prelim inary problems making ndvnnremont possi ble was Mlchnol Fnrndoy (1701-1867). Ilu mny well bo called tho Ilrst electrician, for his dlscovory of tho principles of voltaic and magnetic Induction laid tho basis ot tho science of applied electricity. Before hl'i tlmo scientists knew that thoro was u foreo which thoy agreed to call electricity, but what could ho done with It remained to bo proved by Farnday'B experiments. That electricity was possessed of a chemical qunltty hail not even been suspected until his experiments In what has slnco been known ns electrolysis, Ml en in Ail vIkii t Inn. John Ericsson (1S03-1SS9) was n competi tor of Stophcnson In ho trlnl of locomo tives In 1829, but his work was to bo con nected moro with tho development of loco motion by water than on land. By tho time ho w.ih 10 years old his luventlvo genius had commenced to work, but It was only nftor his coming to tho United Stntes In 1639 that his most famous work wns done. Ho had provlnusly Invented tho hot nlr engine which has been so well utilized In our modern gas machines, but ho will llvo longest In tho memory of mon ns tho Invontor of tho screw propeller for ships. Tho first vessel to which ho applied this original device was tho Prlncctun, In 1SI3. His plnco In history will bo nlwnys con nected nlso with his conception of tho Mon itor, which played so great n part In tho naval engagement in Hamilton Roads, The typo of vessel modeled nftor this flrst cx- nmplo Is called n monitor even now. In the later years of his llfo Ericsson devoted his Inventive genius to tho perfecting of torpe does nnd torpedo boats, l'riArrM In Mrillcnl Science. MoMeal sclcnco has progressed nlong tho pathway of bacteriology chiefly during tho century nnd among tho leaders In this work has been Louis Pusteur (1822-1895). As a young man ho succeeded In solving moro than ono difficult problem In chemistry, In teresting tho world of Bjlcnco by his dis coveries In tho field of bacterial life. Ho devised a method of nitration ot water which hat stood tho best tests, based us It Is upen solid scientific principles. Ills work best known to tho public, however, Is his discovery of tho virus by which rabies Is provontcd. If medical sclonco has mado porno Btcps forward surgical sclonco has ndvanced by leaps nnd strides. Much of this hns been rando posslblo by tho discovery of anaes thetics nnd antiseptics, but chiefly by (lis latter. No ono has dono such pioncor work In this direction as Sir Joseph Lister, born In 1827. As enrly ns 1863 he had suggested tho vnlunblo method of guarding again dahger from tho uso of chloroform in opera tions by noting tho breathing of-tho patient Ills study ot mlcro-oignntsms led him tu present eomo stnrtllng conclusions In ISO? when ho suggestod that wound fever was cousod by llttlo germs in tho nlr, nnd that If operations wcro performed under proper conditions thero need bo no fever. Cnrbolt: acid was flrst used for this purpose, mil later other drugs wero found useful. Thn surgeons of Germnny nccoptcd tho now Ide.i immediately, but It was only after ypatu of demonstration that tho conservative Brit ish practitioners wcro convinced of n fact now accepted by ovcry student In tho world who knows nnythlng nt all about tho sub ject. The SiMvliiLT Much! nr. Tho man who did most to nllovlato th woes of n certain class of workers was Ellas Howe (1819-1807), tho Inventor of thy sowing machlno. It may seem that ho has only substituted mechanical slavery for munual, but tho possibility of cheap cloth ing aroso with his Invention, and if tho machlno hns been abused It Is not tho fuult ot this most usoful Invention. It Is only forty-eight years sinco tho flrst machlno factory was opened In Bridgeport, but what a chango It has made In tho industrial and commercial world! A discovery which has dono much for sclonco na well ns nrt during tho century is that of photography, duo to Louis Jacques Mnndo Daguorro (17S7-1S51). It la truo that it was nn accident by which ho found tho combination of chemlonls which would fix sun-plcttiros permanently on n pinto, but ho had been working to find this agent for many years, perfecting tho camora obscura. nnd laboring with might nnd main toward this end. The accident only hastened n discovery upon which Daguorro was bent nnd which Iwb proved Invaluable with nil of tho Improvements which liavo followed upon his primary labors. In geography tho century's ndvnnco has been extraordinary. Tho grcatost of tho leaders In this woik was David Llvlngstona (1813-1873), who began ns n medical mis sionary to Afrlcn nnd ended by adding wlile areas of tho Dark continent to tho map of tho world. In 1349 ho found tho Ngaml, tho great Inland lnko or contrnl sea of South Afrlcn, by 1S56 ho had traversed South Africa from ocean to ocean, nnd by 1859 hud discovered Nynssa Iako. For thirty long years ho had been undor constant pres sure, fighting hlo wny through tho vilrts of Africa, not with mighty guns and hots ot carriers, but by tho might of onthuslcsm and tho gentleness which wins when r.ll other means fall. Natural fcIciico litis progret'od w.i-vc!-ously In thoso hundred years nml It i n tho wind of Georgo Cuvior (KtOWl) th;t much of It Is due. It has bg;n n marvelous century with many marvelous men lu It, but the.'.o ten may servo as representatives of Its Bolon ttflc achievement!.