To
Europe in a
Submarine
(Copyright, I!" I", liy I. I.at.lte.)
Ii piirnl IfiMH ax' making Tor till! IIIOHt
III elOHtiflg I'VI'llt III OCCIIII tl'IIVcl sllll'l! till)
Ihhi steamship iiihk il l Ik; Atlantic. A
Miliiiiailiiii limit Ik to lie hciiI from Anior
ii'., In Kuropo uinlir Iiit own power. She
Is ilin Invention or .lolin I'. Ilolliiinl, WllOSO
submarine torpedo Imitl 1 1 I Intnl. now Hid
1 1 opct ty of tin1 United StatcB government.
ll4ii i oil cxtcnshely In tin recent niivul ma
in iivcih at Newport ami Is known fur tlie
pfcMmt iih "No. 7." She Ih now lilting out
at Nixon's a'llpyiinl In HII.ulic thport, N.
J., for tlu t in una I In lit It- Journey. For some
n l now submarine houtH liave puttered
nliout tln liiirliiii'rt both In HiIh I'liiintry ami
In Kuropc. lint they have never ventnreil
far floin the coast. A boat of tlllH typo
built by Niirili nfeblt innilo a Journey or Kill
uilli'H along Hlinre on oiii' occuhIoii ami Uila
Iiiih been the long distance recoril. A tour
or great oceaiiM In a submarine vchhcI, It Iiiih
been generally supposed, would alwayH re
main a dream or .IiiIch Veine.
'Ilm Inventor or the Holland torpi'ilo boat
Iiiih now determined to malic thin dream u
i 'ii 1 1 1 y. IIIh new boat will go to llcrmuda,
tlicnri' to Hid Fuyal IhIiiiiiIh, then to Ma
in n, In Portugal. 'I'IiIh Ih a tilt or II, HO
HOW OF 8UHMAUINH
inilcH, Now ork to llurniuilu, (170 inllcH,
llcniiuilii to Fnyul, 1SS0 inllcH, anil Fayal
to Lisbon, 'J 1(1 miles. Juat when thu trip
will bo Hindu In not definitely determined
upon, but It will probably be Homo time
In l'Ybruary. Tho boat will wait for pro
pitious weather.. To Hpuuk of wultltiK for
propltloiiH weather In February Bounds
llko an iibmirillty, anil In tho ciiho of onlU
nury craft It would be, but what Mr. Hol
luiurH illvor Ih looking for Ih Htorni, high
wind ami n heavy Ben. A Hinooth sea and
tho absence of Htorni algns will bo tlto alg.
mil for tlto poatpononiunt of tho voyage.
For tlila Journey Ih to teat oneo for all
tho capuiity of tho aiilmmrlno to caro for
lieraeir on u Ioiik trip under tho nioat uu
ravoralilo comlltloiiH.
Mini Ilie Suit in II rlii I llonl
To the lay mind hucIi a
Will Travel.
Journey will
of foolhardl
nien who are
Benin to Hiniick decidedly
iichh. To tho nimilH of tho
to travel In the "aubmurlno" tho pro
posed Journoy rankH with a trip on the
Kali or Wllhelm or tho Duutachlund.
Thoy admit they will g( Blower, but
that Ih all. The voyage to Lisbon Ih to
take Hlxteen dayH. No. 7 will travel
all the way under her own power. Her
hpociI will be approxlinately nlno and
a half knotH for tho out Ire voyiiKO. Sho
will not travel at tho bottom of tho sea
an did Vurno'a fautilHtlc craft. Most
of the way Hho will go on the surface.
Occasionally, however, alio will go
dor, ami reinatii for thirty or forty
niileH, at a depth varying from thirty to
alxty feet. Hor Inventor idalina for her
that alio can safely go 100 feet beneath
the aurface and maintain herself there,
rcHlHtlng successfully the terrlllo pros
uro or tho water. No audi deptha will
be atleinpteil on thla trip, however, and
except for purpoHea of scientific Investlgn
llon or exploratloiiH for aunkeii vessels
no object would bo gained by diving very
deep. At thirty feet beneath the aurface
tho craft la iih secure ngaliiHt dlHcoveiy
an if alio were a hundred tlincH aa far down
and can phhh aarely beneath the keel of
the greatest of ocean llnera. Now ami then
In ahallow pliicea alio will touch bottom Just
to ahow (hat alio can, and to see what she
will Hud.
Tho pliniH for the voyage have been
very carefully and thoroughly laid out
ami no fear of failure Ib entertained
The trip la taken for a two-fold
purpoHo. It la to denionatrate, In tho
IliHt pliicc", tho fallacy of the opinion
allll enloi tallied In naval quarters thai
Mihmniiuo boata cannot austalu them
ativea far away from a base of opera
Hon, that they are uhcIohh aa ott'enslve
weapons against a country on the other
aide of the aea, and that their mission,
If they have any at all, la for count
defense merely. Tho aecoud object of
tho trip la to present tho boat In foreign
harbors to foreign govei nincnta.
Mr. Holland has tho utmost cotilldenco
Boat
In tho ability or No. 7 to make tho trip
to Kuropo In Hiifuty. Hi' himself will bo
In command. Including Hit Inventor there
will ho. eight nii'ii aboard tho Utte craft.
Their quartet will be pretty clone, but
thoy feel certain tliul they will not be
too close for couifoit. Whenever the pos
Hlblllty haw been iIIfciuhciI or navigating u
"HUhiuaiine" for a long illHiauce 11 Iiiih al
wayH been IIHxelted that II would bo llu
poHHlblo for it crew to stand the conllne
incnt. The voyage to I.IhIioii Ih expected
to determine this matter. Ah the projected
trip Ih ii Ilrst cxperluient, an extra crew
will bo carried In a lender that Ih to convoy
No. 7 to guarantee (he men against actual
hanlHlilpH. T'iIh tender will be a hiiiiiII
traiiip hIiI ii. She will keep her little con
ho it coiiHtautly in Hl;lit If possible, ho Ioiik
iih the latter reiiialliH on the HUrfnce. IluL
iih tho HtormlcHt period or the year is to
lie Helecteil Tor the Journey, It Ih more
than poHHlble that the two vessels will
pari company loi'K before the etui or
the game. It Ih a pretty ililllcull tiling
to keep In sight Hiich a hiiiiiII Hpeck iih
No. 7 will piesent when IhoKca Ih Ii I k Ii ami
the wind Ih balloting the convoy about.
HOAT NO. 7
Hut whether til
other or not. -m
nltely deteriiilued
clalH This Ih that
travel the entire
' lOIISllllS lose
thing Ii.ih hem
by the llolloml
the ' Hiibmat hie"
dlHtauce under
each
her
own
own
mint
power, that Hhe ahull carry all her
fuel for the trip, ami that ahc
HiibHlHt on her own provisions.
No tow line Ih to be thrown out at any
time. If it la, the trip la to be cou
Hideied a failure and the experiment
will be tried over again. Comparatively
little HUbuiaiino traveling will be done
111 mid-ocean ahotlld tho weather be
pleasant. During atoruia, however. No. 7
will remain much of the time beneath the
wavea, only her turret allowing. Thla will
add very much to the comfort of her crew.
Should It prove desirable alio may dive
Into the absolutely atlll waters below
the region of wave disturbances.
"Tho fellowH on the other ahlp will wish
they were with tia when It comes to
blow," Mr. Holland aaid In describing bis
Htorni tactlca. "While they ami the other
unfortunatcH who may be aboard on the
am face are being knocked about by the
wavea we will calmly alnk to where it Is
atlll and placid. A boat built on the lines
of our aubmarino rldea much more cattily
than aurraco boats. She actH like a water
ILLUST'KATjEIJ REE.
soaked
log when running awash. The
water rolls over anil olf of her, Imparting
little or no motion. The most aiiueamlali
person would not got aeiiHlck. Wo will be
amply provisioned agalnat all posalblo do
lays on account of weather. I cannot well
conceive how anybody could bu much better
oir or any aafur against accident. I lo.ik
forward to an easy Journey."
"Mow will you rest at night?"
"In hammocks swung from the celling.
While wo will not have room enough t
take exercise on a bicycle, we will be abl
to get our sleep about iih comfortably in
moHt sallornien and we will not have I.)
eat our meals standing."
Miilltc I'oner mill liilerliir i-'lt t iui;s.
The vessel will bu driven by a gusjllu.
engine of tho Daimler pattern, wnlc.i
Count Zeppelin uses in his navigation of
the air. Five Ions of gasoline carried in
a tank will be all the fuel required to take
her across at a nine and a half knot speed
ami leave a safe margin. While she is
traveling on the surface alio will generate
power for an electric engine that driven
her below the water. When Hhe dives llu
gliMillue engine Is cut olf entirely. The
power will be accumulated in Htorage bni
teiieH that weigh 7u,ooo pounds. Th
stored power will carry her under the
aurrace for llfly miles at an elght-kno.
Hpeed; then ahe miiat come up to recharge.
The cooking will be done by electricity.
The arrangements for thla department are
such as would lilt the average Hat ilwelbr
with delight. When you have not an lucn
of apace to apace for anything except n.v
issary equipment the problem of lining
In your domestic outfit Is a pretty one.
In the kitchen arrangements of No. 7
this problem has been fully met. Tne
utensils are models of completeness and
i ompactnesii. The electric range Is a
model. The lighting, too, will be done
by electricity and such heating as may
be required la similarly provided for.
There will bo little need for heating, how
ever, as tho quarters are ho close. Thu
ventilation will bo perfect, more perfect
than could possibly be found on the best
appointed ocean greyhound, and this
whether the boat Is running on the sur
face with her hatch open or under water
with everything buttoned down tight. Thriv
is an automatic arrangement for discharg
ing the air In tho Hhip and renewing U
with a steady Hiipply from thu compressed
air tanks that are always kept lilled un
der high pressure. As a result of this
arrangement there will be none of Un
usual stickiness found In thu atmosphere
or surface ships.
No. 7 In rimir Miiipeil.
The dimension and form of tho new boat
are considerably greater, however, than
those of her predecesanr recently turned
over to the I'nited States government. The
Holland is .' I feet 1 Inches long, with a
diameter of 111 feet J! Inches. Her displace
ment on the aurface is sixty-llvo tons; sub
merged, seventy-live tons. Her engine has
only forty-ilve horau power, as agalnat 10)
horae power In the new boat. Tho length
of No. 7 is 0:i feet 1 inches; diameter,
11 feut U inches, ami her Interior arrange
ments are such that there Is about twice
as much room for her crew as there Is for
the men In thu Holland. Her displacement
when on the surface Is Hill tons and sub
merged I'M tons.
Though a larger and a heavier beat than
the Holland No. 7 is much livelier and
insler to handle. It represents the ex
treme type In size, according to Mr. Hol
land. A larger vessel ho declares will
never be practicable. The l'liinger, one of
the earlier boats that was built according
to government deinands, Is over eighty feet
long. Mr. Holland was forced to make it
that size, but he gives it as his opinion
that It will never be really valuable, on
this account. It is still building, having
been changed again and again according
to suggestions from the Navy department.
It is considered doubtful 11 the I'luuger
will ever be placed regularly In commis
sion iih the Holland has been. It Is awk
SUHMAHINK HOAT NO, 7 IN THIS SHIPVAHD.
ward to handle even under the most favor
able conditions, and It has been so loaded
down Inside with clumsy machinery nnd
appliances that there Is scarcely room to
get about In It. No. 7, though about
twenty feet shorter, has fully three times
u much room.
A unique arrangement has been Intro
duced In No. 7 for handling the water
ballast, a particularly Important clement
In submarines. Nearly a ton of water can
be ejected from the ballast tanks In threo
seconds as it Is rising, (bus allowing Its
turret to project above I he water for thu
purpose of observing the enemy. Almost
at the same Instant the tank Is again tilled
from the outside so th.it It pups up and
i hen daun again with Incredible rapidity,
el vim? Its captain In the turret Just time
i noiigh to get a full view of whatever may
b- in tli" surface, and the enemy no time
to sight Its guns and lire.
The most striking quality pessessed by
No. 7, aci iililing to shipbuilders, Is that
Hhe can operate at will In fresh water as
well as In salt. This no other submarine
has ever been able to do. She can pass
from the ocean into a river ami dive freely
In either. And what Is considered even
more remarkable she can operate with
equal fieedom at the point where the Tresh
and salt water mingle. This prt perty is
due to a new arrangement or water ballast
that enables her to overcome the dilllcul
tles present! d In diving where the speiillc
gravity or water changes, as It does from
ecean to liver or the reverse. The value
of this property In war Is not hard to ap
plet into. It gives the new boat a much
larger Held of operation in such harbors
as New York, where the Hudson liecomes
frish n few miles up from Manhattan
Island. The Holland was severely handi
capped by the lack of this ability and her
failure to meet the approval of the board
of Inspection at a trial on April 20, 1S9S,
was largely ascribed to the absence of the
fresh and salt water navigating qualities.
I.llll lie Ii I nu mill Chi-ixleillliii.
Throughout this article the new boat
has been referred to as No. 7. This Is
at present her olllcial designation, she
being the suventh vessel built by Mr. Hol
land, counting from the very beginning.
Hefore Hhe casts lot se en her great trip
across seas the little vessel Is to bo for
mally christened. She will probably bu
callid the llushnell, in lumi.r cf the man
who operated the first submarine in Ainer
lui. The boat will be in s-hipslmpo by
the end or this month. It is the Intention
then to take her tor a series or trial trips
up and down thu coast. ICverythlng nlMUt
her will be thoroughly tested before th(
long Journey Is begun. If she proves as
satisfactory and seaworthy as her builders
expect, tho final preparations will be mailt)
as soon as foul weather comes. Mr. Hol
land says It will please him best if lie
can cast loose la the teeth of a raging
storm. lie lias such absolute confidence
In the little craft that ho Is eager to Jump
into tho most dilllcult conditions at thu
very outset. The start will be made from
the Holland company's yards In Ilayonuo.
Tin- boat lia.i been very quietly built by
the Holland company. Few persons out
side of those immediately concerned with
lis building have kiu.wu (hat it was going
forward on the stocks of the lOll.abethport
shipyard. This secivi y was practiced be
cause It was not known what action the
government might want to take with re
gard to It It was thought that the United
Slates might want to control the building
of all ships under the Holland patents
and In that case It was desirable that the
details of the construction of No. 7
should not become public property before
its launching. The government, however,
decided recently that nothing was to be
gained by controlling the designs, as for
eign patents on all the details have been
received by the Inventor. Necessarily thu
papers on whlih the patents were Issued
by foreign countries gave a complete de
scription of every new device employed In
No. 7. When this fact was made plain
the United States government contented
November IS, 1!)00.
Itself with ordering six of the new boats
The necessity for secrecy Is therefore now
done away with.
Vlivy to Have l'leet ill' Ml ll Mill li lies.
The six boats building for the govern
ment are patterned exactly on the lines of
No. 7. Four are to bo constructed nt
Nixon's shipyards and two at the Union
Iron works In San Francisco. They are to
cost $175,000 each. The Holland company
has sub-contracted for their construction
and It Is one of the peculiarities or the
transaction that at this lime no one kmw.
exactly what their building Is going to
cost. The profits of Mr. Holland and his
associates In the deal cannot be measured
until at least two or the craft are llnlsheci.
It may be $.0,ooo that they make 'in inch
boat or It may be only $10,000 or even less.
The experience of building the other lmi,
furnishes no guide in the matter, as here
tofore there has been much experimental
work. It Is only now that the experiments
may be said to have been completi d.
Mr. Holland's success as a builder of
submarine craft has not come without long
years of apparently fruitless endeavor.
Twenty-live years ago he submitted to the
Navy department plans lor a submarine
torpedo boat to be opernlid by one man.
Secretary of the Navy Itobeson roferr d
the mailer to the naval olllcer 111 command
at Newport in KS7.1, who repoiiid that n
vessel of that type was Impracticable; Hint,
because it would be impossible to net any
mail to operate it; and. sect ml. because It
could not be directed under the water. The
plan for that one-man boat, which seemed
to the naval men of that time an imprac
ticable dream, was the prototype of the
submarine No. 7. In which Mr. Holland will
soon sail for ICurope.
Stories About Preachers
An American minister who recently visi
ted Ireland says ho heard a preacher con
clude his sermon with theao words. "My
brethren, let not this world rob you of a
pence which It can neither give you or take
away."
One of the laity approached Father Morl
nrty of St. Agm s' church, Souih Omaha, and
sought gently to break the news of a pros
pective division of his parish. "1 imdir
staud," said thu layman, "the letnclery will
be detached fiom your palish." "Is that
possible?" exclaimed the pi lest. "Well,
that will be a dead loss." Thereupon the
conversation turned to less grave topics.
As the bishop entered the little sod church
In that village ::oo miles away that night
to conduct services, relates Harper's
Weekly, thu agent read him another tele
gram, signed by the sheiilf's brother. It
was terse, but to the point. It read;
"Wo lynched Cieegan's murderer this
afternoon."
Tho bishop's eyes Hashed, his face lighted,
an expression of singular satisfaction spread
over his contenanco as thu agent read thu
message. "Well!" ho exclaimed, Joyfully.
A moment after ho remembered himself
and resuming his usual gentle ami mild
oxprcsslon, remarked, gravely, "Well, that
was a very wrong thing to do, brethren."
Any attempt to fathom thu mind of a
congregation Is usually fraught with dan
ger, says a writer In thu Cornhlll. An
Irish priest who had delivered what seemed
to him a striking sermon was anxious to
ascertain Its effect on his flock. "Wns
tho sormon today to y'r llkln', Pat?" hu
Inquired of ouo of them. "Throth, y'r rlvor
unco, it was a grand sermon intiruly," said
Put, with such genuine admiration that
his ruverenco felt moved to Investigate
further. "Wns thero any one part of It
moro than another thnt seemed to taku
hold of jo?" ho Inquired. "Well, now, as
yo are axln mo, begorra, Pll tell ye. What
tuk hoult of mo most was y'r rlverence's
parsovurnnco tho way yo wlnt over tho
same thing agin nnd agin nud agin. Slch
parsovurnnco I nlver did see In anny man,
before nor since."
OnlytOne Thini; to Do
Cleveland Plain Dealer: 'Ah, my noble
boy," sighed the marquis as he ran his
hand through his perfumed pompadour, "I
alwiz said you sold yourself too sheep
much too sheep."
"Novalro mind, mon fathalre," said the
noble boy, "cet Is too Into now to cr-r-y
ovnlro zee speelt tneelk. We moosl make
zeo best of a bad bar-r-galn. I did not
come ovalru zls morning to talk of my niccs
fortuni's. I came to ask of you a gr-r-rcat
favnlre."
The whlto haired marquis frowned.
"You know my circumstances." he coldly
said. "I can lend you nossing."
"I hnf not come for money," exclaimed
the count. "I am not such a beet; fool as
zat. mon fathalre. It is soinesing deeferent.
I owo every Iriumlrymnn In Paree. Not one
veel tr-r-rust mo now. I come to you to
bco eef you vlll not let zlo family laundress
do up a few collalres and cuffs for your un
fortunato sou."
Tho venerable marquis shook his head.
"Ket oes qulto eeinposslblo what you
ask," he said. "We owo Mathllde quite loo
much as eet ees, and If wo added to lier
wor-r-rk she would leave us without a mo
ment's warning."
Thero was a dramatic silence.
"Parblou," said tho count as he tapped
tho edgo of his collar with his forefinger.
"I haf worn zls collairo one two tre. days.,
Look at ?.eis cuffs! Heboid zls bosom! Sa-I
prist!! what am I to do?"
"Turn them," euld the marquis coldly as'
ho picked up the Ttinps and rirf timed his
reading.