THE ( TMATTA DAILY BEE : RUNDAT , ATTGITST 0 , ISflO. 15
IIIR IE GREAT RAILWAY KINGS
They Control Nearly Two Thousand Miles of
City Transit Lines.
TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND MEN EMPLOYED
HIIRO Corporate Wrnltli nriirmctited
by Till * IJrrnt Combination of
Ainrrlcuti street Hall-
Syndicate * .
i > <
( Copyright , 1RM , by B. W. ' .Mayo. )
Three men In this country control over
3BOO mlles of street railways , on which
25,000 men arc employed nnd 10,000 cars
operated.
They may Justly bo called the street rait-
way kings of America , for they control the
transportation facilities of the three largent
cities In the. . country Now York , Chicago
nnd Philadelphia besides I'lttsburg , Baltl-
anorc , a half dozen smaller municipality
nnd hundreds of square mllus of suburban
territory.
They are William C. Whitney of New
ovk. Peter A. B. Wldencr of Phltadclph'a '
and William L. Elklns of Philadelphia.
The mileage of the systems under their
direction would make a trunk line from
31oston to Denver , but It Is many times as
valuable s any trunk line In the country.
The three men mentioned do not own these
lines. Their ownership Is divided among
thousands of stockholders In all parts of the
country. But Whitney , Wldoncr and Klklns
direct them as absolutely as though they
were the solo owners.
Nor does this represent the extent of
their financial power nnd their industrial
enterprises. They control , to n large extent ,
the gas supply of Philadelphia , Chicago ,
New York nnd Plttsburg. They are the
masters of the electric light power and
transportation facilities in these and other
cities.
They represent , roughly speaking , half a
Wlllon of Invostwl capital , possibly the
greatest aggregation of corporate wealth
this country has over scon so centralized.
They have made vast fortunes for them-
pelves and for tbo men behind thorn from
the control of municipal franchises. They
have developed a now occupation , onu that
provides another avenue to multl-mllllon-
alredom that of the municipal corporation-
let.
Tritnt of MIllloittilrcN.
More than this , the union of brains and
capital represented by the combination be
tween Messrs. Whitney , Wldener and Elkins
Is a now development of the trust idea In
this land of trusts. Heretofore tbo holders
of vast forces of capital have worked to
gether for the carrying out of some single
enterprise perhaps. But for the most part
they have -worked , each for himself or ono
against another. These men have seen the
mutual and Individual advantages of work
ing together all the tlmo. They are the pioneers
neers ot what will prove to be , perhaps , the
last and greatest of all trusts the trust of
millionaires.
This combination of Interests Is undoubt
edly a good thing for the men concerned.
Their fortunes , In each case rated t > y the
tens of millions , bear eloquent testimony to
tnat fact. Is It a good thing for the public ?
Opinions differ on this point , tut Mr. Wld
ener , who has been the most ajstivo of the
three In 'building ' up tbo combinations , docs
not hesitate to eay that it Is. In bis Phila
delphia office a few days ago he said to the
writer in the course of nn interview :
"The extension and Improvement of street
railway line * made possible by the contraf-
Izatlon ot management and control has In
variably resulted in greater benefit to the
public than to the owners ot tbe linos. The
combination of the street lines in any city
usually makes it possible to extend the sys
tem into outlying districts where a car line
A KIND NEIGHBOR.
The kindest nr.d most
neighborly thing one "wom
an can do for another in
case of sickness is to tell
how she herself was brought
out of trouble and distress ;
and urge her neighbor
to seek the same rem
edy. Hundreds of
thousands of mothers
cause to bless
just this some
kind , neigh
borly spirit
which actuat
ed Mrs. Wm.
IS. Volhuer ,
1 of Concord ,
Cabarrus
.Co. , North
I Carolina.
"We moved
here lo Con
cord , N. C. , over n month ngo , " 1ie nayIn her
communication to Dr. R. V. Pierce , olimfftlo ,
N. V. "Alittle girl bcrcwan irt dreadful health.
We told herfolU * about Dr. I'icrce1 ! . medicines.
I kr w what they hail done for u . Her parents
taught n bottle of hi * 'Golden Medical Hlfcov-
eryand of ' J'nvorltc Prescription' nud one of
1'ellets. ' The patient 1ms improved \\onder-
luUyafter tnkiiiB these mcdlciues. I wUh every ,
body knew the great virtue of Or. Tiercel
medicines. I have been uslujr them Iu my fam
ily for three years und always with uccess ,
"I will be pleased to have my letter published.
If pjrsoru wishing lo know more alxnit the
great benefits we hove received from using Dr ,
HcrceVi medicines will write , enclosing stamp ,
! I will gladly nnswcr. "
Kvery mother of children ought to
\ ' possess Dr , Pierce's grand book , the
People's Common Sense Medical Ad
viser , a magnificent thousand-page illus
trated volume. It teaches mothers how
to care for their children nud themselves.
It is the bcs.1 doctor lo have in the house
in case of emergency. Over half a mil
lion copies were sold at $1,50 each , but
one free copy in paper-covers will be
sent on receipt of 21 one-cent stamps
to pay the cost of mailing only ; or
send 31 stamps if you prefer a heavier ,
handsome clothbound copy. Address
the publishers , World's DUpenbary Med
ical Association , No. 663 Main Street ,
Buffalo , N. Y ,
l.i ft great convenience to the residents , but ,
where It would hardly be profitable to oper
ate an Independent line. It provides In most
case * a longer haul for a * lngro fare.
"On the Philadelphia , Chicago and New
York lines today passengers are carried dis
tances at which there Is positively no profit
to the companies. Hut the low In this par
ticular Is counterbalanced by the profits
from short hauls.
Worth llnnilrciln of Million * .
"In all the cases of street railway con
solidation with which 1 am familiar the
combination has resulted In the Introduc
tion of Improvement * ! nnd In more rapid
transit. In Philadelphia the change from
the old Byslem of traction to the trolley ,
early brought about by the consolidation nt
separate lines , has been worth hundreds of
millions to the city.
"In my opinion all successful combina
tions of capital are beneficial to the public.
Combinations do not raise prices. If thoT
attempt to do they Invite competition and
are certain to be unsuccessful.
"Tho old order of things Is changing ,
nuslnces Is no longer a matter of competi
tion between Individuals. It Is a competi
tion between nations. By the combination
ot capital In business ve will master the
trade ot the world.
"Combinations in the great Industries
have brought about the pr68cnt widespread
prosperity. Combinations will cause this
prosperity to bo permanent. England has
pnnaed through the exmo experience , has
heard the same outcry that Is now being
raised in this country against trusts. All
the great business undertaking ! ) over there
are carried on by combinations now.
"The outcry that Is being raised by dema
gogues , penny politicians and sensational
newspapers against combinations ot capital
will not mislead the thinking people of this
country , whether they nre worklngmen or
the employers of workmen. U might have
misled them In a time of financial panic
and lack ot wcrk , but they will not bo de
ceived In the light of the prosperity which
tliCHo very combinations are causing. You
can fool men with empty stomachs , but you
can't fool them when their stomachs are
filled.
"Combinations guarantee steady nnd per
manent employment to laborers nt good
wages. They prevent the panics and in-
SLEMGTH OF linES ISQC'lllLES terOM TOMAHA
OF fARES
DAY WEEK YEAR
5.000,000 5,000,000 1875,000,000
t. .
.
THE GREAT RAILWAY KINGS AND WHAT THEY CONTROL.
dustrlal disturbances that result from over
production. They give the public the bene
fit of largo sums which business men
wasted under the old system In fighting
each , other.
Injure * Only One CliiHH.
"Only ono clasa has been Injured by the
movement toward consolidation of Interests
that wore formerly competing. These are
the commercial travelcrn who arc employed
to race about the country nnd push the sale
of competing gooda. Some of them have
lost tholr work , because there is no longer
the enmo necessity for their cervices.
They will have to accustom themselves to
the new order of things. If they ore men of
ability nnd enterprise they can do so with
out serious inconvenience.
"Of course a combination Is not an ad
vantageous thing for tbe Interests of workIngmen -
Ingmen merely from the fact of being a com
bination. Dut it has greater opportunities
to Insure steady work and fair pay than tbe
competing employer bad. The moat aucceas-
ful combinations are the ones that ebow the
greatest regard for the welfare nnd advance
ment of their employes , because this method
Insures the interest and co-operation cf the
employes themselves.
"Ou the Btrce-t railway lines with which
I am connected the men nil receive $2 a day
or over. If positions In the higher service
of the companies are to bo fliled they are
filled from men who bavo shown themselves
bright and trustworthy as employes of thcso
companies. Service and ability alone count
In securing promotion.
"There have been attempts by professional
agitators and by men Interested In bearing
the prlco of traction stocks to Incite strikes
among our men. Recently there was such
an attempt among the men employe * ! in the
Now York system , in which I am Interested.
The president of the New York company
told mo the other day that a delegation of
tbo men had como to him with a paper
containing the namcfi of over 3,000 employes
nho voluntarily testified that they were sat
isfied nnd pleoned with their treatment by
the company.
"These are intelligent men. They nre
capable of deciding for themselves whether
they nre well off or not. Where such men
have n chance to see for themselves whether
combinations arc to the advantage of labor
ing men as well as of the general com
munity they are apt to decide that the ad-
vanlagra are rjnllo evident. "
Arc Tlifj I'ulilli * llem-rni'turnf
The oplnUna so fotc fully txprcBs d by Mr.
Wldener are shared by .Mr. Whitney and Mr.
Blklns. Doubtless they are sincere In be
lieving that , uhllo doing so nobly for them
selves , they have conferred decided I ) en oil Ls
upon tbo 10,000,000 Americans > \lio contribute
nickels to the revenues of their street rall-
\ > a > B. If their view of the case Is cor
rect they are public benefactors to a remarkable -
markablo extent. Certainly never before
hnfl tbe control of so many street railways
been lodged In the hands of a few Individ
uals.
Ibis great system had Its 'beginning back
In the COa , when William V. McGrath and
Jacob K. Illdgwuy organized tbo Union I'.is-
ecnger railway in Philadelphia , Peter A , I ) ,
Wldencr Invested the profits of his meat bus
iness in the enterprise and William L. IJI-
klliu , u produce merchant of the city , \\iis
another stockholder. In 1S79 this line \\us
joined to the Continental line with State
Treasurer William H , Kemblo at the head
of the combined system and Mr. Wldencr
and Mr. Biking clocely associated Tilth him.
Dy this time Mr , Wldcner nas devoting ulra-
ivlf wholly to the work of street railway
management and on the death of Mr , Kemble
ho became tbe directing bead of the com
pany.
In 1SS3 the Philadelphia Traction company
was formed , In the years that followed Mr ,
Wldencr displayed bib genius for engineer
ing consolidations by bringing one line after
another under tbe control of this company.
The llual step in this process was the
formation of tbe Union Traction company ,
\\blcu brought together three Urge i > Umi
nnd praclually meant the consolidation ol
all the lines in and about Philadelphia. The
company has a capitalization of over } 30-
000.000 and a bonded Indebtedness of about
the same amount. One hundred millions
woufd not be an excessive valuation of these
combined line ; , which Include over 100 mllea
of street railway.
The formation of the Union company made
Mr. Wldener and Mr. Clklns supreme In
Philadelphia traction affairs. By extension ,
reorganization and consolidation , the men
who started out an stockholders In a com
pany with a face capital of $1.000.000 $ , and
only halt of that paid in , had worked them
selves to the head of an enterprise worth
$100,000.000. While doing so they had de
veloped In Philadelphia an extensive anil
efficient system of street transportation.
Moving on Clilcimo.
Having conquered Philadelphia , these en
terprising traction kings looked about for
now worlds. They held controlling Interests
In Philadelphia gas companies and owned
as much Philadelphia real estate as they
cared for. It was really necessary for them
to co to other cities If they were to extend
their operations In their chosen field of con
trolling municipal franchises.
About this llmo Mr. Charles T. Yerkes ,
who had gone to Chicago with n borrowc.l
capital of a ifow thoutnnd dollara , secured
an option on the North Side street railway
In that city. Mr. Wldencr and Mr. Klklns
became stockholders in that line nnd so se
cured a foothold In Chicago traction Inter
ests. They also Invested In gas companies
nnd street railways in Baltimore nnd Borne
of the smaller Pennsylvania cities.
In 1S83 Mr. William C. Whitney , having
retired from public life , began his Interest
in ttho affairs of the Metropolitan Traction
company. Wldencr nnd Elklns bought Into
Metropolitan Traction and the three men
came into close business relations which re
sulted In the combination of their Interests.
This combination was one of brains as well
aa millions. The political training of Whit
ney nnd Wldencr had taught them how to
deal with men and politicians. They all
knew the possibilities tn street traction nnd
they set out to develop schemes eo far-
reaching that less resourceful men could not
oven have contemplated them.
It is very natural to wcndcr In this con
nection how men , even with the rapidly
growing wealth of these three , could flnanclc
undertakings so vast as they have carrlei
through In rapid succession within the las
few years. But a large part of the strength
of ithls combination has lain in Its ability
to command seemingly unlimited wealtl
for the schemes that Its members dovlspd.
'Mr. ' Wldcner has long enjoyed the con
fldcnco and support of a number of verj
wealthy men In Philadelphia , . Mr. Elkln
is a Standard OH magnate , and his nssocl
ntes In that great corporation are rcnowncc
for knowing and backing a good thing when
It is presented to them. Mr. Whitney alee
Is connected with Standard Oil by ties ci
marriage and friendship. It Is rather lep
than conjecture , therefore. That many of th
millions put Into the enterprises of th
Whitnoy-IWldenerElklns combination cam
from the inexhaustible stores of the Stand
ard Oil.
Oil.Xow
Xow York Vmlrr Tlirlr Swny.
The rapid development of the Metropolitan
Traction Tine dates from the beginning o
Jlr. Whitney's leadership nnd the Infusion
of Philadelphia and Standard Oil capital
Under the Impetus thus given to It It ha
bought up and leased competing nnd tribu
tary lines , until it now controls all the im
portant street railways on Manhattan Island
except the Third avenue system. The Met
ropolltan's capitalization of ? 55,000,000 by n
means represents the traction intercuts con
trolled by these men in New York City
which are much nearer the $100,000,000 mark
As In Philadelphia , the absorption of gn
Interests has gone on along with the accu
mufatlon of street railway stocks. At th
present time the control of the largest ga
company In the city Is undeniably in th
hands of men identified with Standard 01
and a determined effort has been made uu
der its leadership to tiring all the companle
In the city into ono combination. This move
ment will undoubtedly succeed in time am
it probably would have been carried througi
before this except for tbo opposition o
Standard Gas , which la familiarly known a
Russell Sago's company.
Whllo the corporation kings were adding
THE25.000
EMPLOYEES
CONTRASTED BY
VVHITMEir
WIDEMER
ELKINS
A
Now York to their dominion they were busy ,
umlor cover of the name and through the
person ef their agent , Ycrkcs , In carrying
out the same process In Chicago. The
progress of the street railway trust and pas
combine In the western metropolis was
thoroughly discussed at the recent munlMpaf )
election that It l tolerably familiar. At the
present time Yerkes has retired from the
nominal control of the Chicago systems and
they are openly under the direction of the
\Vhltney-Wldcner-Klklns organization.
It might seem that the control of trans
portation faclllttcft In the three largest cities
of the country would be enough to command
nil the energies of any three men. nut such
Is not the case. In the Intervals between
their larger operations they have had time
to absorb the Daltlmoro street ralhvajs , the
suburban systems of New Jersey and the Im
portant suburban llnea In Westchestcr
county , to the north of New York , nnd on
Long Island outside of Brooklyn.
One of the most recent moves on the part
[ part of the combination has been to eecuro
: ontrol of the principal lines In Plttsburg
by taking over the company formerly con
trolled by State Senator Mngce.
A move of vast Importance on the part of
thcso municipal corporation magnates has
been persistently rumored nnd negotiations
Icoklns toward It have undoubtedly taken
place. This ! the addition of Urooklyn
hapld Transit and the Third avenue line 1
Manhattan to the combination. If this
project Is carried through , as It Is likely
lo be sooner or later , It will give these
street railway autocrats the control of prac
tically all the transportation facllltlcn of
Greater New York.
" Pour" ' .
A "Hlgr I'tiMNllillHy.
This development may have the further
effect of changing the trlumvlrato Into a
"big four. " The late cx-Oovcrnor Flower
of Now York had control of the fortunes of
the Brooklyn lines down to the time of his
death. His successor In this as well as In
Chicago Gas and other Interests with which
ho was Identified Is generally recognized as
Anthony U. Brady. If the humored com
bination taken plcvco Mr. Brady's ability nnd
financial power will no doubt glvo him an
Influence In the counsels of the leaders
equal to that of any of the others.
As in the case with Whitney , Wldcner
and Blklns , Mr. Brady's fortune nnd Influ
ence represents the profits nnd powers re
sulting from the control of municipal fran
chises. He laid Its foundation In gas , elec
tric nnd street railway enterprises In Troy
and Albany and later advanced on the me
tropolis , where ho built the famous "Huckle
berry" road and became associated with
Mr. Flower. His accession to the com
bination represented by the other three
would extend tholr control not only to
Brooklyn and the Bronx , but also over
Providence , Albany , Troy and other smaller
cities.
Mr. Whitney and his associates were not
content merely to control the existing means
of streets travel. When electricity appeared
as the dominant ipower In street car pro
pulsion they proceeded to get Into electric
ity. Mr. "Whitney saw the advantages which
the control of the etreets of New York
offered to a 'big ' electric company , so hq or
ganized the New York Light , Heat and Power
company , over -which there was much squab
bling among the legislators nt Albany last
winter. The Edlaon Electilc company Is
known to bo largely In the control of
Standard Oil Interests and the two other
great electric concerns of the country , the
Walker and Wcstlnghouse , m-ere recently
united through the efforts of the Indefatig
able Mr. Brady. This may furnish an added
Inducement to the great promoters to bring
Mr. Brady Into harmony with themselves so
that the quartet shall be the undisputed
kings of electricity as well as of gas and
traction. If electricity is the general agent
for street car propulsion , compressed air
has demonstrated Its usefulness In particu
lar localities. Mr. Whitney and his Phila
delphia friends saw the advisability of get
ting control of compressed air. They did
this 'by ' taking the Inventors of the system
and the promoters of Its stock under their
wings. The financiers of Wall street and
elsewhere recently awakened to the fad
that the American Air Power company had
become a Whitney concern when It was an
nounced that air cars were to bo put on
some of the Chicago and Now York lines
aad when Harry Payne Whitney , son of the
exsecrotarywas put In charge of the Chicago
cage end of the air power enterprise.
Iiicrc > NtciI In Aiiloinolillvn ,
More recent even than the development ol
compressed air as a motive power Ls the
rise "of the automobile as a means of street
traction and transportation. The trio saw
It coming , interpreted its meaning , and rea
lized the desirability of getting It into line
wth ithclr other enterprises. They began by
securing control of the Electric Storage com
pany of "Philadelphia. Since then other com
panies have been organized in New York
and Chicago , and a suporvlsory company
has been formed which la to have the gen
eral direction of the electric vehicle business
In tbe different cities.
Aside- from 'these giant Interests the mem
bers of the Whltnoy-Wldener-Elklns syndi
cate have been prominent in the organization
of the Tobacco trust nnd the- American
Spirits company , better known as the Whisky
trust , and they are stockholders In the Penn
sylvania and other railroad companies.
How great are the fortunes of these men ,
or How much they have made within the
past few years since they have bocn acting
In combination , It would bo Impossible to
say. Mr. Wldener is commonly , rated as
possessing between $20,000,000 and $30,000-
000. Mr. Blklns 1s supposed < to be worth
upward of 130,000,000. Mr. Whitney's for
tune has frequently .been estimated at $30-
000,000. But the significant thing about
these men is not the extent of their awn
fortunes so much as It IK the vastncss of the
capital whrlch they control nnd the financial
power which they wield. They bavo demon
strated the cumulati\ power of millions
heaped on millions when these millions are
directed by liold and resourceful minds.
Whitney nn I.mvj-rr nnd Politician.
The three men composing this combina
tion of financial giants arc widely different
In character nnd antecedents , but they nre
alike in their ability to control men and
capital.
William C. Whitney is the youngest of the
three. He was born nt Cunway , Mass. . fiS
years ago. Ho was graduated from Yalu In
1803 , nnd from the Harvard law school two
years later. Then he came to Now York to
practice law. He had fairly established him
self as an able attorney at the , beginning of
the fight that overthrew Boss Tweed. Ho
became acquainted with Samuel J. Tllden
and that astute Judge of men , attracted by
Mr. Whitney's brilliant qualities , was In
fluential in securing bis appointment as cor
poration counsel.
For six years Mr. Whitney held this
office , being twice reappolnted by different
mayors and resigning In 1882 of his own
choice. During this time be sv , ept the
cobwebs out of the corporation counsel's
office , cleared awny a vast amount of 'busi
ness that had accumulated there and is said
, o have saved the city $2,000,000 by defeat-
ng fraudulent claims against It that had
originated In the Tweed regime.
In the meantime he had married the sister
of his college classmate , now Colonel Oliver
1. Payne , the Standard oil magnate. That
brought him Into Intimate friendship with
men who had millions to Invest iu any
scheme that a roan of brains and executive
ability could suggest , Whitney had tbe
iralna and tbe executive ability and he has
not failed to retain the backing of his
Standard Oil friends.
Mr , Whitney is undoubtedly one of the
browdesl manipulators of men In tbe
ountry. He demonstrated this fact by hU
mnagumctit of (1 rover Cleveland's political
ortuues. Ho despises the methods of the
heap politician. When Mr. Whitney wants
he help of any man he 'beelne by gaining
he man's friendship by helping him , not
openly and ostentatiously , but In wayi that
AMPLE FURNITURE
Pieces That Have Been
Our Floor for
Our Object is to Show From Season to Season
a New Fresh Line of Furniture in Latest
Shapes and Finishes , There is but JOne
Way and That to Close Out at the
End of the Season all Floor Pieces
That Have Not Sold Well and
Not to be Continued in
Our Line ,
We Have Offered These at Greatly Reduced Prices and Yet
Some of Them Have Not Sold , so We Make Another
Cut From the Low Figures , Some Price will
Sell Them and We Shall Find the Price
No Matter How Low ,
$35.00 ladies' cleak with four drawers , $12.50.
$58.00 mahogany sideboard , $ ' 25.00.
$117.00 bed room suit , French dresser , dressing ( able ,
chival glass on standard , 3 pieces , now at $40.00.
$85.00 3-pece parlor suit , $48.00.
§ 250.00 3-piece parlor suit , $75.00.
$10.00 parlor cbair , mahogany , $0.50.
$58.00 2-piece parlor suit , very desirable , $25.00.
$10.00 mahogany library chair , $0.75.
$12.00 mahogany library chair , $7.25.
$8.00 mahogany library chair , $5.25.
$8.50 mahogany library chair , $5.00.
$10.50 oak hall chair , sole leather seat and back , 86.75.
$6.00 parlor chair , upholstered seat , $3.00 ,
$90.00 oak sideboard goes at $59.00.
$49.00 dining table goes at $20.00.
$18.00 mahogany chair goes at $7.50.
$22.00 mahogany chair goes at $14-00.
$125.00 parlor suit , 3 pieces , goes at $45.00.
$48.00 dining table , mahogany , round , highly polished ,
goes at $33.00.
$54.00 mahogany sideboard , goes at $36.00.
$22.50 flemish oak dining table , goes at $16.50.
$39.00 flemish oak sideboard , goes at $28.00.
$45.00 flemish oak sideboard , goes at $31.50.
$23.75 set flemish oak dining chairs 6 dining1 chairs
and 1 arm chair goes at S15.50.
$38.00 set 6 small and 1 arm flemish , goes at $26.50.
All sample pieces of every class and kind of furniture at
such enormous reductions from value that they are wonder
ful bargains this week will close them all out.
Basket Sale Again.
To close out every fancy basket , and there are but a few
waste baskets , baby baskets , etc. we offer them at just
half price the 25c ones 12jc ; 50c ones 25c , etc. We have a
few very line waste baskets and they all go at half price
50 per cent off.
Orchard & Willielm Carpet Company ,
1414-16-18 Douglas Street.
are substantial and certain to be appreci
ated. Then if Mr. Whitney wants the as
sistance of that man ho auks for It frankly
nnd openly and ho Rets it because ho has
made it to the advantage of both to work
together.
Mr. Whitney Is n man of genial manners ,
fontldlous tastes and decided opinions. He
has accomplished more and with less blare
of trumpets "both " la the political and the
business world than almost any other man
that can be mentioned.
Klklnk MUr Hoclicfcller.
William It. Elklns Is nearly ten years Mr ,
Whitney's scnloc. He was born In West
Virginia of Quaker parents in 1832 , He
began his business career at Ibo age of ] 5
as ratry clerk In a store. Before ho was
20 ho became the proprietor of a lumber
yard , but a freshet swept it away and drove
him out of business. His next venture waste
to establish a produce commlenlon business
In Philadelphia the name line of business
In which John D. Rockefeller made his
start. Dy the beginning of the civil war ho
had the largest produce business In Phila
delphia and had accumulated a comfortable
fortune for that time.
When the oil fever struck I'ennuylvanla
Mr. Elklns sold out his business and went
to the oil fields Intending to purchase wells.
Like Mr. Rockefeller again , he decided that
the business of refining oil was more prom
ising than that of a producer. Ho returned
to Philadelphia and started the first largo
rcflpery in that city. In 1875 bo went Into
the Standard Oil company , In which ho is
still a large stockholder. Soon after that he
began his active Interest In street railways ,
Wliirner , IliiU-li and I'lilltlrlun ,
Mr. Wldencr , the other member of the
combination , and tbe ono who has been most
prominent ID the management of Its muni
cipal enterprises , had neither tbe curly ad
vantages of Mr. Whitney nor the early dim-
cultleH of Mr. Elkliis. He was born In Phil
adelphia in 1831 , wan tbo eon of a brick-
maker and graduated from the Philadelphia
High school Into the moat shop established
by his elder brother. In lieu of a college
education he had a practical training among
the Philadelphia politicians of the war
period , from which a clever joung mau was
certain to learn a great many things.
Mr Widencr'o political affiliation * v'uod
tbe meat buslne In good titead , for bio firm
' , Great
Rock Island
* v vJiM *
Route
BUFFET LIBRARY GARS
Best Dining Oar Service.
Nebraska
Sod House
On the Mrs , L. Bowser ,
Bluff Tract. Proprietor.
secured a contract to supply all the Union
troops in and about Philadelphia , which was
the great bo pltal headquartero during tbe
war. Out of this contract they cleared sev
eral thousands and Mr. Wldener proceeded
to Invest his share In street railway enter
prises , He was appointed city treasurer In
1870 and was elected to two successive terms
In that lucrative office. Since he retired
from politics , In 1877. he him devoted himself
continuously to his street railway and other
enterprises
All three of the street railway kings are
stilt In the active and direct management of
their business undertakings. It Is not likely
that the Anal extent of their vast cnterpritee
bu yet been retcbei.
I ) \Mllil \ I i
CONTAGIOUS
The 1\ierlinentn | of Dr. I'nltrln , ol
I'nrl * t nm'liiMt ely I'rote tlmt nu-
lrnT ( I * run aril l > > a Mlernhe
Whleli t'nn He Transferred
rrniu One I'erfton to
Another.
DANGER OF RACE BECOMING BALD
One or TITO ( irnrrntlnn * of ] ) niulrtiT >
\\VnUi-noil rollli-lra Will Ciuine
llnlilnrx * lo tlrconir llrrtul-
llnry In ( InI'limll ) ,
THE MICHOQICIDE AND HAIR FOOD
How lo llrntroy the Mli'rnlip of Dnii-
ilrufT. Slop I'nllhiu llnlr. I'riM out
Ilalilnrxfl unit Proinnlnro ( .my
llnlr by Scientific Monnn.
FREE HAIR FOOD TO OUR READERS
It has boon positively demonstrated
thnt tlio disease known ns "scurf" or
"tlnwlnifT" Is contagions. First by the
exitorlments of Messrs. hussar & His-
hop , nnd those continued anil perfected
l > y the eminent Dr. FahrlR of 1'nrls , who
has miccocded In Isolating the microbe ,
n photograph of which Is here shown.
TUB DANDHUKF MICROBE
Which cnusM Dandruff , .followed by Falling
Hair and tonally ISnldncss.
From rhoto-MlcrogRipli by Dr. Fahrlg- ,
( Copyright. 1S09. )
The Importance of this discovery can
not be over-estimated.
Its rcsnlts upon modern methods of
hair treatment are little short of revo
lutionary.
It Is an explanation of why ordinary
tonics , pomades , oils , etc. , arc of abso
lutely no practical use In the euro of
dandruff and prevention of baldness ,
because nothing but a scicn title mlcrobl-
cide specific for the hair microbe will
destroy the real cause of this dangerous
disease.
_ Your hair do-
P rives nourishment
I rotn various blood
vessels which end
In
, mp |
grows. The real
root of the hair Is
at the bottom of
this sheath and
the hair rests on
it. The sheath
surrounding t h o
hair is the abode
of the microbe.
Nearly all the
different diseases
of the human hair
are caused by the
microbes.
It gradually
mines uway the
vltnllly'of the hair.
When ( lie root
Is destroyed Ibo
hair falls out , and
when all the roots
of your hair are
dead you become
bald.
It Is just this
microbe that wo
arc now able to
destroy with the
aid of the formula
originated by Dr.
after an
Fahrig ,
MICROBSS HAVtt
JUST ATTACKED exhaustive htudy
THIS MAIF * of the microbe ho
A The ITa'Ir. ' discovered.
H The Scalp. Cranitlonie Hair
C MlerobfH. Food will do It.
D Iod > Gland ,
It not only de
stroys the microbe , but it furnishes
food and nourishment to the hair root
weakened by the attack of the microbe ,
and thus feeds the root back to perfect
health.
Split hair , harsh hair , lustreless hair ,
brittle hair , falling hair , premnturo
gray hallr can all
be cuied with
Cranllonlc II a 1 r
Food ,
The scalp IH
cleansed from dan
druff and made
permanently clean
and well by It.
The Itching and
Irritation can bo
Instantly relieved
a n d posllively
cured.
All by killing the
microbe nnd with
Cranltonio II a I r
Food feeding the
Hair back to health.
T'nllko o t h o r
preparations O'ranl-
tonfc Hair Food
contains uu oil ,
grease or heavy
poisonous mineral
ingredients.
It IH not sticky ,
will not clog ( ho
scalp or Ntaln the
clothing , but IH
perfectly free from
dye matter or any
deleterious Ingre * HA1R.THB
dients.
FREE HAIR FOOD.
All who wlnh to HIIVO tholr hiilr mid
grow inoro can get a bottle KUKH by
mall , jioHtjmld , with full dlroflloiiH for
IIK < ' , and n five rcjiort on thu condition
of thi'lr hair , after M-icntlllc micro-
Kcoplcal examination IUIH been made ,
by euvlohliiK 10 COIUH In Ktampn op till-
ver , Heading name , age and addrchs ,
with Kinall lock of hnlr , and full < lc-
Kcriptlon of tliu iirchcnt condition of
the hair and M-alp , to tliu ( Jninltoulu
Hair Food Co. , U8 ! > Tumiile Court , Now
York.
