- HATTVnpp ? STTVHAV. XOVRMTIKTI . 19
GIBRALTAR OF CAPE HORN
ImporUnco of Britain's New Naval Station
on the Falkland Islands.
i _ _ _ _ _
RIGHT ONTHE TRACK OF COMMERCE
Where the Inland * Arc , What They
Are and How They Look fea
ture * of the Thriftiest Com
munity In the World.
( Copyright. 1S93 , by Frnnk < 3. Carpenter. )
POUT STANLEY , Falkland Islands , Oct.
2 , 1898. ( Special Correspondence of The
lice. ) I have como to the Falkland Islands
because they promise to be one of the news
centers of the world In the near future.
Their governor tells mo that H 's ' tnie that
Great Britain will probably establish a naval
and coarlns station at Port Stanley. The
necessary surveys have been made and
vvlthlu a few years at the farthest John
Bull's gunboats will command the passage
uround Capo Horn and the entrance to the
Straits of Magellan. The distance between
Capo Vlrglna , the last point wo saw of the
South American continent , and the Falklands
la 300 miles , or less than a day's steam tor
one of England's fast war vessels. The
Falklands Uo even nearer the track of the
nailing ships , about Capo Horn , so that these
great trade routed , over which hundreds of
minions of ddllars * worth of freight goes
every year , will practically bo at the mercy
of England. Outside Punta Arenas , which
Is midway through the Magellans , there Is
no chance for coaling stations within a
thousand miles of Port Stanley. Montevideo
Is a thousand miles north , and the Cape of
Good Hope 4,200 miles away to the north-
cast. Punta Arenas belongs to Chill , and
by the neutrality laws It could not furnish
coal except In peace , and even then It wilt
charge exorbitant prices , ns It did In the
case of the Oregon. The establishment of
a naval s'tatlon hero will bring a protest
from the Argentine Republic. It has for
years claimed the Falklands as a part of its
territory , BO that altogether the prospect
for trouble , diplomatic and otherwise , Is re
freshing.
An IiiterentlnK Locality.
I find the Falklands Interesting. They
are among the little known Islands of the
Atlantic. Travelers seldom visit them.
Their only connection with the outside world
is by a German steamship line , which Is
under a subsidy from the English govern
ment to call once every three weeks to carry
the malls. These ships come hero on their
way to and from Hamburg and the west
coast of South America , o that the Folk-
lander has a chance every six weeks to go
to Europe via Montevideo , and on alternate
elx weeks to the Pacific via the straits. Now
and then a whaler or seal hunter comes to
the Islands and occasionally of late the
English gunboats have been visiting them
In the summer.
It was In ono of the Koamoa steamers that
I came from the Strait of Magellan to Port
Stanley. Wo sailed ono whole night along
the north coast of the Islands , for they ex
tend from east to west about 200 miles.
There are 200 of them , consisting of two
largo Islands , and mony so small that they
do not even make a dot on the map. Some
of the smaller Islands are Inhabited only by
penguins , there being to many of these
curious birds that the governor of the Falk
lands has been called the king of the
penguins.
The Islands altogether have about two-
thirds as much land as the state of Massa-
chusetta , and East and West Falkland , the
two larger Islands , arc about five times as
big a Rhode Island. All of the larger
farms , of
Islands are covered with sheep
such immense size that twenty-seven men.
the whole country. The total
It Is said , own
population Is about 2.000. and over 1.900 of
these work In one way or another for these
twenty-seven men. The Inhabitants are
nearly all Scotchmen arid the islands are a
little slice of Scotland In the South Atlantic.
Sheep Fnrmn.
The pasturage of the Islands comprises
. Upon them more than
2,225,000 acres.
Three-quarters of a million of the finest
sheep In the world are feeding , and from
them a half million dolla. . ' worth of wool
. Ono company alone
is exported every year.
and the man who owns
'has 240,000 sheep
less than 25,000 sheep Is considered a very
dtnall farmer Indeed.
Outside of sheep raising there are no
other Industries. There are only fifty pigs
in the whole territory , and although the
grass is good for cattle , there ore but few
In the Falklands. Not enough wheat is
raised to make a Maryland biscuit , and the
only sign of agriculture Is the ilttle garden
of cabbages , potatoes and turnips which
you sco back of each of the houses of the
shepherds on the moors , at the capital ,
Fort Stanley , and at the other small set
tlements scattered hero and there.
The Falklands are a very cave of Aeolus.
The cold winds blow almost all day and
every day. They sometimes blow , It Is
said , the vegetables out of the ground.
They blow so hard that not a tree can live ,
and today there are not enough bushes here
to furnish the switches for a country school.
The pasture , however , grows luxuriantly
nnd the sheep keep fat If the land Is not
overstocked. They breed so fast that tens
of thousands are killed and thrown Into the
eca every year , their skins only being saved.
There Is a curious grass here which acts as
A tonlo as well as a food for the animals
eating It. It is to sheep and cattle a sort
of vegetable cocktail. It Is called tussock
nrasi. It has a. stalk from four to six feet
in-bunches close
grow
long The Plants
230 roots springing
together , as many as
from one plant. Animals eat the roots as
well aa the leaves , and. feeding upon them ,
eoeedlly become fat. The roots are even
eaten by men end It Is said that two Amcrl-
cans once lived for fourteen months upon
Islands. The
them on one of the smeller
roots decoy in the old plants and raise the
grass upward , BO that It grows upon a
as u were. Some of
cushion of manure ,
Jheso cushions ore six feet high and five
feet in diameter , so that the grass springing
on them makes them look In the d s once
like a grove of low palm trees. This tussock
gnus grows along the coast oven down to
high water mark. It Is fast JIaPP | r ° S.
bowover. as the sheep are o fond of It that
they cat U far down Into the roots.
Another curious plant grows In the bogs.
This looks like a stone. It furms In bunches
rock and from three to eight
as hard as a
feet tall. It Is so hard that you cannot cut
U with a harp knife. On hot days a pale
Its surface and a
yellow gurn come , out on
air.
surrounding
rich aromatic odor fills the
It Is known here as the balsam bog.
A Dreary Land.
It Is always cloudy In the Falklands. The
air Is moist and the ispcct of nature Is
dreary In the extreme. Imagine a dull ,
leaden iky hanging low over reddish brown
moors , out of which hero and there jut
the ragged teeth of white rock masses , and
you have a general Idea of the Falkland
Island landscape. The Islands are gently
tolling , with here and there a ragged hill ;
the land Is ai black as your h t. full of
peat , and here and there streaked with lit
tle stream" and spotted with treacherous
bogs In which torses and men are some
times lo&t. The ground ls so soggy , In
fact , thst wagons cannot be used. There Is
not a four-wheeled vehlclo In the whole
'country. Cart * cau be used only In Port 11
, Stanley. All tnv l Is on horseback , and a <
tranger dare not go from one sheep farm
to another without a guide. Such hauling
us la done by the shepherds U on sledges
over tha wit but enowlcsa ground
by horses. All herding of sheep Is done
upon horses and with shepherd dogs , which
are raised nnd trained for the purpose.
Notwithstanding all this , the Islands arc
excellent for cattle and sheep. Tbo lattn
tudo here Is about that of Holland , and
the animals feed out alt the year round.
Ueforti sheep were Introduced the Islands
fairly swarmed with wild cattle and wild
horses. About forty years ago it Is estl-1
mated that there were 800,000 wild cattle
on the Island. Now these have all dlsap- '
pcarcd and almost that many sheep have
taken their places. The wild cattle were
the first cause of the settlement of the
Islands. A rich cattle and hides dealer of
Montevideo named Lafono bought the right
to the southern part of East Falkland and
all of the wild cattle on the Islands In 1844
for I $50,000 down and the promise to pay
$100,000 ! additional In ten years from 1852.
In 1 this deal he got over 600,000 acres of
laud 1 and the skins of the wild cattle.
In 1 1862 he sold out his property to the
Falkland : Islands company for $150,000 and
slnco : then this company has been the leadIng - I
Ing power In the Falklands. It has bought' 1
more ; land , and It now probably has moro1 i
than a million acres. U has about 300,000
sheep and It has a sailing vessel which goes j
to London once a year to carry Its wool
and bring back the canned goods , clothes ,
sheep farming Implements i\nd \ other things
required by the Islands. It has a line of
boats which periodically make the round
of the Islands , carrying the farmers such
goods as they order and bringing their wool
to Stanley for shipment to Europe. The
wool Is put up In bales just as we bale
cotton. Much of It goes to the markets
by the regular steamers. That on which I
came Is now loading In tbo harbor. It will
take on 1,200 bales of 650 pounds each ,
which , at 10 cents a pound , the price It will
bring In London , will raalo : the cargo worth
$80,000.
AinonR the Shepherd * .
It docs not take many shepherds to care
for these largo flocks of sheep. The farms
are divided up Into fields of several thou
sand acres each and fenced with wire fences ,
so that all the shepherd has to do Is to rldo
about among the sheep. His fife Is spent
upon horseback , each shepherd being sup-
) lled with six horses. The shepherd watches
the flock , he takes the sheep out of the bogs
when they fall In and turns them over It
they fall down. The sheep nere , as In Pata
gonia , are largo and fat , some of theweth
ers weighing from SO to 100 pounds. When
such sheep roll upon their backs they cannot
get up. If left alone In this condition they
would He and kick until they died , were It
not that they are killed long before by the
birds. The buzzards here hover over the
sheep. They watch them day and night , and
the moment a sheep Is on Its back they
swoop down upon It and pick out Its eyes.
They keep picking at It until It dies In
agony. An hour or so later they have ripped
Its skin open and torn the flesh from Its
bones. The shepherds tclfme It Is Incon
ceivable how the buzzards find the sheep al-
moFt the moment they fall , and that they at
tack them even In the night. The sheep
also fall Into holes , of which there are many
all over the Islands. It Is the shepherd's
business to get them out. They have to bo
clipped to keep off the scab , and at shearing
time , which lasts for two months , they are
driven to the wool ehed and shorn. They
are not warned , as are our sheep , before
shearing. The wool Is carefully cut off , put
Into bales of 600 to SOO pounds , covered with
bagging hooped with Iron , and shipped thus
to London for safe. Most of the sheep are
of the cheviot and Australian breed ? . They
give heavy fleeces , the average being from
eight to ten pounds , and running from that
up to twcnty-ono pounds , which was the
actual weight of a fleece cut off this sea
son.
A I.ouely Life.
This llfo of tbo shepherds must be a lonely
ono. They are , you know , all Scotchmen ,
who have been brought out here from Scot
land for the purpose. Most of them ore
married and have largo families. Their
houses are scattered over the farms from
fifteen to twenty miles apart. They are
usually built near a little Inlet , where the
company's boat can bring their supplies ,
and near a peat bed. The proprietor pays
each shepherd from $25 to $35 a mouth and
furnishes his meat and fuel. The meat Is
mutton , which ho can take from the flock ,
and the fuel Is peat , which he must dig out
himself. In addition to this ho has a garden
patch and with mutton and vegetables'he
does very well. His flour and other things
ho must buy. His homo Is a little cottage
of two rooms and a lean-to , roofed with
corrugated iron. Ono room serves as
kitchen and living room and in the other
the family sleeps. If there Is an overflow 01
a guest the loft or attic Is also used as a
bedroom. The cooking Is done In a curious ,
oven-like pot , which Is shelved under a
grate set In the stone wall of a chimney
or fireplace. The fuel le peat and the hot
ashes fall down upon the pot and around It.
The pot Is tightly closed at the top and It
serves for boiling , baking and stewing. The
shepherd has mutton as a steady diet. He
has mutton chops for breakfast , roast mutton
for dinner And a slice of cold mutton for
supper or lunch. The shepherds seldom
leave their farms and the women almosi
never. I heard of ono woman who has no
been to town for eighteen years. Her last
visit was when she came to Port Stanley to
bo married. Think of living away out on
the dreariest moorland , under the dreariest
sky , In a two-roomed cottage , with no neigh
bor within fifteen miles and of coming Into
town once In elchtceu years.
Traveling Sehoolninnterfi.
You would think the children brought up
under such conditions would be wild and
uneducated. They are not. They are as In
telligent and well-mannered children as you
would find In any country community. They
have a peculiar Institution In the Falklands
known as the traveling schoolmaster. Ho la
paid by the government , receiving about $400
a year , to go from one shepherd family to
another nnd teach the cblfJren. The time
allotted to each family Is a fortnight , and 1
three families can bring their children to
gcther they thus get six weeks of school
The schoolmaster lives two weeks with each
family and at the end of the time , having
laid out a course of homo study for the
children , U sent on horseback by the ehep-
herd to the next family , which may be liv
ing twenty miles away. In the course o
time ho gets back to his old puplle , examines
them In what they have gone over with their
parents and sisters , and then takes them as
much further on the road to learning as his
two weeks' stay will permit. The bishop
and parson of Port Stanley , who are also
paid by the government , inaUo a tour of the
Island once or twice a year to examine the
children of each family , not only on thel
catechism , but on their secular studies. Dur
Ing a recent tour of the islands the governor
Sir Orey-Wllson. did the same. Ho tell
me he was much surprised at the advance
ment shown by these little Scotch children
away down here on the lonely moons of the
Falkland * These children are , however
from the best stock of the highlands o
Scotland. Their ancestors arc among the
thriftiest peopie of the world. Indeed , many
of the shepherds save money and not a few
have taken their savings to Patagonia and
I
hve there become sheep formers them
elvrfi. There Is today not a beggar in th
Falkland islands.
Still , the chance * for the poor man her
are not great. All of the good lands ar
now taken up and nothing Is for sale o
rent. Many of the lands are held under
twenty-one-yeur leases from the English
government. Tha lands are leased In blocks
of 6,000 acre * at the rate of 1100 a year. It
, will be yesrs before ouch Teases will run
out , nd the value of the land U now BO
well known that the renewal of the leases
will bo at such prices as to leave little
profit to the outsider. There is a very lim
ited | i labor market in the Falhlands. Those
who are employed get good pay , but the
coming In of a hundred new hands would
necessariry result In the discharge of that
many men \\ho now have work. The shep-
berda 1 ; thcmrelvca have largo families and
some of their children will ha\o to go else
where to find work.
Thu Capital of the 1'nlUlntiilK ,
But let us take a look at Port Stanley , the
cnpltal of these Islands. It has only 700
citizens , Including the governor and all his
officials , but It 'has moro thrift and business
than many towns of five times Its size. It
Is perhaps the richest capital of the world
for every one of Its Inhabitants has all ho
can cat , and to spare. Port Stanley Is sit
uated on Stanley harbor lust beyond Capo
Pembroke , at the eastern end of East Falk
land. Its harbor Is a eafe land-locked bay ,
about a halt mile wide and five miles long ,
with an entrance so narrow that a largo
ship could hardly turn about In It. Upon
tbo south side of the harbor , running up ft
gently sloping hill are a hundred or so neat
ono and two-story cottages. They are made
ofTood or stone with rldgo roofs of cor-
ritgated Iron. This Is Port Stanley. As you
look at It from the steamer It makes you
think ' of a German village , and ns you come
loser to It you find that every little house
i as Us front yard and garden , and that the
rent doors of even the poorest of the cot-
nges have vestibules. This Is to shield the
Isltors and the families from the cold wind ,
n nearly every window you see potted
plants and flowers. Such things will not
; row out of doors , and 1 venture that there
s not a town of this slzo In the world which
tas EO many green bouses and conserva-
orles.
Besldo each house is a pile of what looks
Ike cubes of well-rotted manure. This Is
AMERICANS RAIDING BRITAIN
Yankee Push and Products Overleap All
, Barriers ,
HOW THE CAMPAIGN IS CONDUCTED
Commercial , Industrial mid I'rnfoi-
lonnl Sueceii * Achieved Over
Hume Competition mid
Prejudice.
LONDON , Nov. 3. England Is being In-
railed by ( ho United States.
It , Is a commercial campaign and this
country Is Just now enjoying a number of
new and notable Illustrations of the IncreasIng -
Ing power of America to cause such an up
heaval among the ancient trade traditions
of Great Britain as the average Englishman
has never dreamed possible. From Ignoring
the United States In the commercial and
financial field , the United Kingdom has un
happily como to realize , In some respects ,
the steadily Increasing successes of Ameri
can competitors , who at nearly every turn
are showing what down-to-date methods end
western Ingenuity can do when squarely
pitted against the antiquated fashions so
long prevailing hero. It Is estimated that
$100,000,000 In good English gold goes an
nually to America to the loss of Great
Britain. So severe have been the Inroads
upon homo made goods In many departments
of trade by the rapidly rising American and
other foreign competition that English man
ufacturers In some lines are displaying largo
A SLICE OP LOMDON. SHOWING THE NEW ELECTRICAL SUBWAY WHICH IS
BEING BUILT LARGELY BY AMERICAN ENTERPRISE.
peat. Feat forms the fuel of the town , and'
It comes from the bog on the top of the hill ,
at the foot of which Port Stanley lies. Ev
ery one hero con get his own fuel for the
digging , and nearly every householder In
Port Stanley goes to the moor and chops out
Tils own peat blocks for the winter.
Some of the 'houses are quite pretentious.
The manager of the Falklands company has
a house containing a dozen rooms , and the
cottages of the governor cover perhaps one-
quarter of an acre of ground , all of his rooms
being on the ground floor. There are three
churches , one of which Is called the cathe
dral. This Is presided over by the bishop of
the Falklands. Another church Is Roman
Catholic and a third Is a Baptist. There are
two hotels or public houses where you can
get a bed or a drink. If you want the lat
ter you may have good Scotch whisky for 6
cents a glass and Bass' ale for 4 cents. There
Is a butcher shop which sells delicious mut
ton at 4 cents a pound and fairly good beef
for 8 cents a pound , BO you see the neces
sities of life are cheap.
Port Stanley bae a postofflce at which the
monthly newspaper mall averages five
pounds per family. It has a postal savings
bank , In which the deposits now amount to
$180,000. There are only 2,000 people In the
Falklands and the depositors In the postal
savings bank number 350. The town has a
governor appointed by the queen of Eng
land , who gets a salary of $0,000 a year. It
has other officials whoso salaries foot up
$50,000 annually. It has an American con
sul , a Kentucklan named Miller , who seems
to be hand and glove with the governor and
who Is trying hard to earn his salary on
these far away Islands , where there Is uo
American trade and where there are not a
dozen vessels In a century. The consulate
Is a little cottage of three rooms and a
lean-to , such as could bo built for $100 In
the United States. It Is one of the most
useless consulates in our service and there
Is no earthly reason for Its exlstenco except
to give some politician a place. By the
time this letter Is published the present
appointee will probably bo back home , as an
Iowa man has been chosen to succeed him.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Tin : OUJ-TIMEIIS.
Nancy Barger of Bellefonte. Pa. , has Just
died at the ORB of 106.
Frau Charlotte Embden. the only surviving
sister of the uoet Heine , has Just celebrated
her 98th birthday.
Russell Sage ascribes his present health
and actvlty to keeping early and regular
hours and abstalnlnc from tobacco during
the entire 82 vears of his life.
America's oldest llchthouso keeper Is Cap
tnln Ellsworth , who hns had charge of the
Ipswich light since 1801. He is 85 years of
age , yet attends to all bis difficult duties.
Mrs. Mabola Bentley of Bloomlngtou , 111. ,
whcso mother was with Boo no at the siege
of Boonesboro. and whose aunt was the first
white child born in Kentucky , has Just en
tered upon the second century of her life
and Is unusually active.
The grand duke of Mockllnburg-Strclltz
has Just celebrated bis 79th birthday. He Is
thus only live months ycunger tunu Queen
Victoria. The klne of Denmark , however. Is
older than ether , having passed his 80th
year , while the grand duke of Luxembourg ,
the oldest of the rulers of Europe , Is over 81.
Mr. and Mrs. Jean Rev of St. Joseph ,
Deame , Quebec , celebrated last week the
fiftieth anniversary of their marriage and
the oveut presented some extraordinary
I features. Tim bridesmaid , the best man and
the fiddler of fifty years ago were present.
I But a still more extraordinary Incident was
the presence also of Mr. Roy's mother , now
nged 98 years , who was twice married , and
DOW numbers 297 descendants.
Millions of bottles of Cook's Imperial
Champagne , extra dry , have been drank , alI -
I ways leaving a taste for more.
advertisements , appealing to the patriotism
) f the pcoplo to-support homo Industries.
Nor 4s this loss of prestige alone felt In
the regular run of trade. The most talked
of American in England for several weeks
has been "Tod" Sloan , the sensationally
successful Jockey , whoso new-world style of
close neck riding won him nearly every race
In the entlro English circuit and spread con
sternation all over the British turf. When
asked If the English upright-riding Jockeys
are learning his ways , Sloan replied : "I
don't know ; I never look back. " The most
popular music played by the orchestras and
whistled about the streets at present Is that
Slven in "Tho Belle of New York , " which
the theatrical success of the year , and
has been staged to islanding room In London
by American players continuously slnco last
April.
Illtt Contract * far Steel.
"The obstinacy of the British manu
facturer against taking up with new meth
ods and the present system of English
trades unions threaten most serious loss
to English Industry , If a radical change Is
not soon brought about , " said S. T. Well-
man of Cleveland , O. , after a recent trip
Into the etcel manufacturing districts of
Wales. Mr. Wellraan Is widely known as
ono of the heaviest steel operators In tbo
United States and his remarks gained wide
attention from the English press , numbers
of which have long seen the Impending
danger and have urged that an entlrcl }
now system of commercial training be put
Into effect by business concerns through
out the United Kingdom.
In the meantime western wares are
steadily gaining. The Carneglo steel prod
ucts , from Plttsburg , are commanding some
of the heaviest contracts In this country
and even cartlron from America Is ahead
In this market. Recently the city of Glas
gow opened competitive bids on a largo
order for water pipe and the lowest figures
were those of a Pennsylvania Iron linn , bu
so great was the opposition to letting the
order go out of the country that all of the
bids were thrown out on an alleged tech
nicality. Quotations wcro again advertised
for , and once more Pennsylvania nan the
lowest bidder. It remains to be : crn if the
Americans will bo allowed to fill the older ,
but It Is now agreed that , our Iron mills
can cut below all competition In this field
and still have a profit.
Some time ago the English and Egyp
tian governments asked for specifications
for n light pattern of railway locomotive ,
suitable for running across the Egyptian
deserts. The British locomotive concerns
eald the ro.1U must take their regular make
of machines ; the Americans said they would
supply "whatever was wanted und the order
went to tho' United States. In Jaran a
number of railway locomotives were to be
purchased. The English makers eaid they
could furnish them In two years and not
before ; tbo Americans promised them In a
quarter of the time , and had the engines
on the ground In exactly six months.
niertrlunl Supplied.
The era of electricity In city transporta
tion Is Just arriving In London and It has 1
been brought about largely by the activity
of American manufactures. First among
the roads to adopt It la the new line lately
completed , running underground from the !
lord mayor's mansion to Waterloo station , >
and Its heavy passenger traffic la showing I
to the other underground roads the great
advantage this route has over the stuffy , >
smoky tunnels through which the steam i
locomotives now run. This line has the )
distinction of passing under tbo busiest spot :
on earth , expressively known In London as i
"Slaughter Corner , " being the convergence )
of Queen Victoria street , New Bridge street
Bad the approach to Blackfrlar's bridge.
Hundreds of hackney cabs , scores of omni
buses , a mate of trucks , alt keep up a hum
ming , drubbing roll and all sorts of trades
and trams occupy the ground surface , while
above the trains of the Dover railway gry
crashing over their viaduct almost every
minute. A cross section of the under earth
would reveal a strange confusion. Ouo rail
way above and two below are only Items
In the activities of this crowded spot.
In the building of the now lowermost elec
tric road , which Is seventy-seven feet below
street level , moro than half of the construc
tion was with American equipment and a
largo part of the electrical Installation wa
performed by experts' from the United
v
Statea.
A much longer line Is that now being
pushed by day and night to completion from
the Royal Exchange to Oxford street under
the heart of London. It will bo nine miles
In length when Its laterals are complete and
I cost about 3,000,000 for the work now
under way. There was danger that the
American electricians would capture nil the
equipment contracts by the mipcrlotlty of
their materials and by making lower bids
than the English could reach ; but a compro
mise was finally agreed upon , by which the
contracts are now to divided that English
companies will get about half of the work.
Were It not that English firms ore con
stantly favored America would eventually
drive out a great deal of the home business.
The conservative old underground companies
are beginning to realize that they must
equip -their lines with electricity or lese
their trade , and so they have appropriated
I 20,000 for a system of experiments with
both English and American equipments. So
far the London county council has not con
sented to surface trolley lines , oven In the
suburbs , but permission baa finally been se
cured to allow a trial of electrical traction
on the street grade outstdj the city centers ,
all of which promises now and profitable
lleldfl for American Industry.
Invanlon , hy American Cftttle.
So many American' cattle como to tha
slnmls that they must be discriminated
against by law for the protection of the En
glish stock raisers. It Is provided that they
shall bo slaughtered at the port of entry
within ten days from arrival. American
cattle thus have not sufficient time to recover -
cover from their long sea trip and the run
down condition engendered by confinement
on ship. Yet the number of beeves arriving
, s eteadlly Increasing In spite of these hand
icaps. Detford , near London , Liverpool and
Glasgow are the points of cattle entry ,
where rigid government Inspectors are sta
tioned. George Gould of New York contem
plates putting a new Hue of cattle ships be
tween New Orleans and Southampton deliv
ering southern and western cattle Into the
English markets by a practically all-water
route to lessen the present shipping ex
penses. Large weekly consignments of re
frigerated , smoked , salted and tinned meats
are made to England by the Armour and
Swift packing companies of Chicago and so
cheaply are the shipments made that they
undersell homo grown meats. Many butch > -
ors substitute at a largo profit American for
English meats wltb their customers , who
rarely know the difference. The cheaper
grade of American side meat costs but 3
pence a pound , while Irish and other choice
home grown bacons command a shilling.
Many hog raisers In the .northern provinces
sell their fatted stock forcash and then buy
the cheaper American pork for their own
use.
use.Even
Even American coal is looking to Eng
land , the land of carbon , for a new outlet.
Henry S. Fleming of Now York , secretary
of the anthracite coal combination of Penn
sylvania , is In England looking over the
field with a view to putting on a line of coal
carrying steamers between America and this
country. So frequent have been the strikes
of English cool operatives , and so great the
inconvenience from this and other causes ,
that It Is thought there Is a good opening
for foreign coal. Anthracite Is unknown
here , but those familiar with the English
trade say It will rapidly grow In popularity
when once introduced.
American Fruit * nml Candles.
The English people are habitually preju
diced against foreign goods , until they have
proved them , when they take the best , what
ever Its source , and American productions
are especially welcomed. A present trouble
with American foods 'Is that such shippers
as the California fruit dealers usually send
the second grade of canned goods to the
foreign market , and the general trade Is
severely Injured. There Is a large opening
for green fruits , as California oranges eel
for threepence , nnd other fruits are high In
proportion. Even the Now England dough
nut has invaded old England , accompanied
by fancy cakea and sweets sold in a number
of American stores. Candles of fine grades
from the United States are steadily gaining
the patronage of the rich.
London Is the supply center for tho-tre
mendous purchases of American agricultural
machinery being made In Russia , Germany
and other states of Europe. England has
never been much of a market for the Im-
PORTRAIT OF R. NEWTON CRANE , THE
FAMOUS AMERICAN-ENGLISH BAR
RISTER.
proved Implements of husbandry , aa they
cost moro than the clumsy domestic articles
and tbo lower price Is what wins with the
average agriculturist. A perceptible im
provement ia showing In English farming
! machinery and many of the American Im
plements are being copied , although Imper-
1 fectly. An American steel planing mill
manufacturer found twenty models of his
machines made In Berlin , but the largo
concern which bad stolen the design told
1 him that they woufd buy direct In the fu
ture , bccauEio they could not match cither
the price or quality of the originals.
American Kurnlturr.
There Is a good opportunity here for
American house and office furniture , so soon
as western factories will learn that Hsht
colored furnishings are not suited to the
smut of London and that the English for
the present will have only the dark finish.
They are growing partial to the original
and graceful transatlantic house titling *
and promptly buy whatever is offered , If It
suits their requirements.
l The Prlnco of Wales , duke of Cambridge
i and other notables witnessed the tests of
non-inflammable wood from American fan-
torles , as made here lately , and tbo Navy
department is further Investigating , with n ,
view to using this wood la all the new
battleships.
| Next year will likely sco the eamo kind
of a slump In English bicycle prices as occurred -
curred last year In America. Tbo United
, States is sending thousands of wheels here
to sell for 8 upward , while the high grade
COLONEL COIT"
FOOT ' i WITH GREAT DISTINCTION AT
GUAKAM , PORTO RICO ,
Heartily Endorses Pe-ni-na , the Great Nerve Tonic
' and Ca'arrli Remedy ,
Not only Is Po-ru-na a remedy suited to
the climatic vicissitudes and muscular
strain of the campaign and battle , and a
systemic tonlo for the farmer , mechanic
and laborer , but It Is
equally efficient ns
a nerve and brain
tonic to the over
worked professional.
Rev. A. S , Vaughn ,
of Eureka Springs ,
Ark. , says : "I can
testify to the merits
of Pe-ru-na as a
uervo tonic. I had
been prostrated and
nltnnat dnnd. T tnnlc
A. Vaughn , D. D. Te-ru-na and I am
now enjoying my
usual health.
To air who suffer from debility of any
kind I recommeud Pe-ru-nn. "
Col. Peter Bells , of Columbus , Ohio , busl-
domestlo machines ore still offered at 20.
Factories for cheap wheels are also spring
ing up by the ecoro and wheels of service
will soon bo as low In price as In the United
States. The greatest present drawback for
American wheels Is the dllllculty of getting
repairs made for them by the Incompetent
English shopmen.
Typewrite ami Slid en.
Something llko 20,000 American typewrit
ers of the standard makes ore being Bold |
each year In the British Isles and no line
of Imported goods has a larger demand. The
leading writing machine people keep regu
lar traveling salesmen on the road and have
, agencies In all Important places. Ono of
I the greatest drawbacks to the typewriter
trade Is the prejudice against the female
typewriter In public offices , but Increasing
numbers of English girls are taking up the
w orU.
Recently several largo shoo factories of
New England have pooled forces for En
glish trade and have established three
stores In London and at other Inland points
under the name of the American Boot com
pany. Heretofore It has been difficult to get
ft good fit from the store stock i of heavy
and often uncomfortable English boats , but
the buying public la elowly learning that a
ready made American shoe may mean the
same comfort for which they have been
obliged to pay three times Us price for
mado-to-order footwear here.
American I'rofciiloiinl Men.
It Is estimated that 1.000 Americans are
'
In business In London , anJ amonx these suc
cessful professional men ore steadily Inren3-
Ing , dentluts being In the lead , numbering
about fifty. Of these Dr. J. J. Wedgwood
and Dr. Davenport are tlio leading practi
tioners , tbo former having a line clientele
among the English aristocracy , &nd Dr.
Davenport is ono of three brothers practic
ing In Paris and elsewhere In Europe. The
late Dr. Evans , the Philadelphia dentist , who
piled up n fortune of $38,000,000 In Paris ,
was often the guest of the prln'a of Wales
at Mowbray house when In London. There
are a dozen Amcrlra.i attorneys here , the
most successful beln : f ( . Newton ( 'rant ,
csq. , formerly of the firm of I'attleon &
Crane , railroad attorney ) , of Ht , Louln , Mo.
Mr. Crane is a rising barnntor In th ? Mid
dle Temple , and wears the wlga an > l robts
COL. A. B. COIT , WHO LED THE ADVANCE CHARGE ATGUAYAMA
Commander A. B. Colt , Colonel of the 4th Regiment ( Infantry ) Ohio Volunteers ,
has been a prominent figure In military circles for a number of years In the State of
Ohio His regiment Is considered ono of the finest regiments over mustered Into the
United States service. In the recent victorious engagement nt Ouayama , Porto Rico
this regiment stood the brunt of the enemy's attack. The Spaniards were routed
with considerable loss and the city captured. In a recent letter from camp to Dr. Hartman -
man , the Colonel say > : "Thanks for the case of your most excellent Pe-ru-na. It has
been found Invaluable as a tonic In this climate and In the various sickness attending
a radical change In drinking water. " In a prior fetter this bravo commander states :
"Pe-ru-na as a catarrh remedy bos made several remarkable cures to my knowledge.
I dealre to slve tbo remedy my hearty endorsement. "
ness manager of the
great Sells and Fore-
paugh Consolidated
Show , is ono of the
hardest worked men
inA erlca. He says :
"I find Po-ru-na an
nuiui.uuit ) remedy
for overwork. I
'
would not bo without -
out Pe-ru-na In my
travels. wun an v1
occasional use of Colonel Polur Sells ,
this remedy I flnd myself alwaj * In g.od
health and spirits. "
Another busy man is Mr. Vf. T. Powell ,
editor and publisher
of tbo Independent ,
Cfarlngton , 0. Ho
eaj'B ho had tried
many rcrac-llcs with
out avail. After tak
ing three bottles of
Pe-ru-na bo found
himself entirely
cured. "I bavo felt
' * better ever slnco
Editor Powell. taking Pe-ru-na than ,
I had for years. " I
The medical pro-
fesslon also endorse
Pe-ru-na. Dr. D. P.
Nelbart , of Nebraska
City , Neb. , la a
physician of 5S years
constant practice.
Ho says : "I flnd
dally use for Po-
ru-na In my prac
tice. I bavo never
been disappointed In
results with this
remedy. I use hun
dreds of bottles ofD _ P > xt.lwrl | , Jr. D.
Prominent men of all professions , trades
and occupations , from the North , South ,
East and West , praise Pe-ru-na. Every
body should have a copy of Dr. Hartman'a
latest book. Sent free by The Pe-ru-na
Drug Manufacturing Company , Columbus ,
Ohio.
At'k any druggist for a frea Pe-ru-na
Almanac for the > ear 1899.
of his office with nil tLo calm dlunlty of - .
genuine ! rgL'shman. Thnre ere two Amer
ican physicians having u fair practice. The
advent of American practitioners hns
aroused considerable protinHlcn.il jealousy
on Ibo part of English mJIil niul de.unl
men , who have freauen'ly erutilovud de
tectives In hoprn of discovering some viola
tion of the unfair English laws by tlit'lr ' clan-
guciiiriy successful fircijn ( umpctltors , '
Half a dozen American Journalists hold
responslblo positions on the leading maga
zines and dally papers li : London , and are
slowly bringing up the mHropotlnn press
10 the standards ruling In the United States.
Illustration Is slowly crt-cptng into tlio dally
papers , and the Dallv Mall , which mint
laigcly employs this and other modern
means , leads the circulation lists with 00-
uOO daily , whllo tbo Times , aa a reprcsoaU-
tlvo of i he old nowipap < r fcihoal , had a cir
culation of only 10,000 ,
American Ilfu Insurance ,
During the last few yearn tbo leading
American llfo Insurance companies have
gained such a hold In this country OH to seri
ously threaten the prosperity of Uio old-ttmu
Engltbh assurance corporations. Soliciting
agciita wcro unknown In England up to re
cently and the London companies are but
beginning to meet the brisk competition be
ing given them by the stirring representa
tives of the foreign agencies , which have
large oflco ! quarters In the best frontage on
Trafalgar square and other choice locations.
The average Englishman U gradually com
ing to forgive the Insinuating American Ufa
Insurance ngont for the Impertinence of
talking to him In bis ofllco about a policy
an his life and the enterprise and liberality
of the progressive Now York companies Is
gaining new premium payers every day.
Sir Thomas Llpton Is the most successful
English business man of the day and ho says
his great fortune Is duo to bin American
methods , having received hla early training
In the slaughter houses of Chicago and
Omaha. It In encouraging to note that many
of the young men In this country are fol
lowing his example In learning how to do
business along the most progressive lines of
the surprising advance being made of every
where by the now world.
EDWARD PAGE GA8TON.