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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 6, 1897)
20 TI1E OMAHA DAILY HBH : St'NDAY , JUNE 6. 1897. MODERN BUILDING METHODS A Notable -Achievement in Architectural Engineering. MAGIC-LIKE WORK ON A SKYSCRAPER Ultticiitt FriU of HrccdtiK n Structure JllO Poet UlKli < > Lot a2 l/'e ' In AVIiHU nifiMiiUu , I'OIIIlllftllnllN , | I ( fopvrtriht , 1W7 , by 8 , fl. Medina Co. ) The building of the Glllemlcr building , on the northwest corner of Wall and Nassau streets , New York , adds another conspicuous landmark to tUo marvelous conitructlon that within b lf a dozen years lias nprung up upon the lower end ot Manhattan Island. Although It I * not the tnllcet ot the modern ofllce building , Its design , construction and equlpnit-nt Is o ! the game class , Its ex tremely narrow width made It much more Blender In proportion than the tallest of them , Increased the difficulties of design and the boldness ot construction , and makes It a notable uvnmple of ltd cliua , affording ft ( air Illustration of aomo of the moat difficult and successful work that has been executed. First , tunuEsmall steel pipes were sunk forty or fifty feet through the cellar door " ' -into the ground. The dllllcultles of driving _ down such long and unwieldy tubes In such 'restricted quarters without disturbing the diving bolt or bottomless box of steel or wood , unrlerrrAth which ( ho confined air pre vents the wrier from rising up Innltle and en ables men lo work and evacualo a pit Into which It gradually sinks far below water level to tha required depth vTillc the masonry t > lcr Is built on It * top AS fast ax It descends. Tli KM three c.ifHlonfi were twenty-four feet Inm ? , twelve to flttcen feet wldo and nine fret high , with solid timber walls two feet tMck and rcof tlnec feet thick , covered Inside and outside with nmootb , heavy plank sheathing , all welt bolted and spiked , and the teams cnulkcd airtight like a ship' * bottom tom , with nakutn und white lead. A heavy steel pinto Atound the bottom projected a faw Inches to form A t > harp cuttliiK edge. Air Tul water pipes and air shafto were cirrlcJ vertically through the rocf and the walls wore extended above the roof by water tight plunk UK or cofferdams that formed an open well. Wlicn seine of the pier ma sonry hud been built on the caisson roof to IniTMKo Its \\elght , the outside walls were thickly smeared with tallow to act AS a lubricant , then nun entered the caUeon through . .the nlr ehafte , cloyed the airtight steel 'Inora ami commenced digging up the bottom with pick and ohovcl , blasting the bowlders with dynamite and loading the rarth and Mono Into buckcta. Thcso buckets wcro hoisted by an outside steam derrick to the tops of the chattel , where , after nil airtight door had been clttcd below them , an upper door was opened and permitted them to be lifted out , emptied Into carts and returned to the caisson again , and eo on. As the caisson was undermined It sank from five to ten feet a day and as soon as It waH below water level powerful steam compressors pumped air Into the working chamber until It forced the water out under the open lower cdgis , and as the caisson sunk ( he pressure was Increased to a final I nvaxlmiim of about fifteen pounds per square Inch. This , though about double atmospheric smokestack. Any deviation from the per pendicular or Ill-fitted joints In such A framework might produce serious results and be magnified In proportion , so excep tional pains wcro taken to Insure accuracy and perfect workmanship , and all the columns , cross beams and their braces were fitted together at the shops near Baltimore , where they were built , with the result that they were beautifully true and accurate when finally erected In place. While the erection was In progress the sidewalks were carried along the fronts ot the buildings on narrow bridges raised above the street level ocr the unfinished vaults , heavy wooden postK were set up each side of this bridge and carried a flat roof of largo timbers and thick plank that served both to protect pedestrians from any falling articles and for a worklnfj platform , on which the stone cutters dressed the atone , and quantities of Iron , cement anil various materials were there unloaded from the wagons and stored. After the steel framework was well ad vanced the masons commenced building In the brick wills itrouml and between the columns and upon the special beams ; out- sldu ot this the front walls arc faced with cut stone , anchored se curely to the framework. Strong , light- arches of hollow brick wcro built between the steel floor beams , concrete was filled In on top of them and wooden strips embedded therein to nail the wooden floors to , light and Incombustible partitions wcro built on a framesork ot steel rods by fasten. Ing cross bars In them , covering both sides with metallic lath , n kind of steel cloth , and then coating the surfaces with strong , hard cement plaster , and the columns and gird ers wcro encased everywhere with hollow brick or terra cotta covering that usually [ inclosed an air space nud rendered them flrproof , ne well as Incombustible ; otherwise furniture and other Inflammable contents of an Iron building may , and often do , burn so fiercely that the bent eoftens , warps and * * CONSTRUCTION STAGES OP A SKV-SCHAPBO. low .celling were overcome by driving suc cessive short sections of plpo and scicwlng . v - < tham together to form a slnglo continuous vertical plpo , whoso penetration was aided , * 'and 'samples of the cell br'ought up from different levels by the operation of a hlgh : pressure waiter Jet Inside Iho pipe. The reunite. Indicated that the soil 'Was composed ' of quicksand.earth and bowlders about fifty feet deep , saturated with water- about twenty feel deep , above , a stratum of rocky hard pan. ' "This' 'subterranean exploration had been , . , .juado. to Jnvcstlgato the site upon _ which the Glllender building , a steel structure of prac- . , , tJcnlly. twenty storlcn In height , was to bo built , and for .which U was necessary to > > design , estimate and contract foundations ' adapted to Its Immense weight and the " character of the soil. It was calculated that the finished building might develop a fotimla. tlon pressure of nbout 10,000 pounds per , quare _ foot over the entlrn 1,852 feet of ! area of the building lot , and , as this was ' - - > far moro than the soil could safely support , the foundations had to ho carried down to the solid hard pan , which was finally loaded to only 24,000 pounds per square foot , nl- " " ' though It had sustained pressures" 10,000 pounds per square Inch without perceptible signs of yielding. Largo and deep oxcava- . . . . < .v . .tUms wore therefore required and they could not bo made In the wet and treacherous ground , even by the most careful and costly methods , without danger of disturbing the * ' 'yielding soil , so as to causa It to settle or ( low , , from under the walls of the tall and heavy" buildings adjacent , so as to under- . . Wife their foundations and jeopardize tholr stability , and the safety of their occupants. ' 8TREL FOIJKDATION. . The responsibility rested upon the con- tracto'ro , who .determined to avoid all risk by building , under the old foundations , col umns extending down to the hard pan , nnd , , carrying the weight of the whole wall to that safe support. Narrow vertical slots were 'cut close together partly through the foot of the -wall in Us outside face , thin and short sections of very heavy steel pipe set upright In them , and forced down Into the ground by powerful jacks on top , and hy- draullo jets Inside , that cut away the core Ilko a chisel ; as fast as ono section of plpo was forced down another was screwed on to Its upper end , until at a depth of 40 or 60 feet tbe hard pan wua encountered and could not bo penetrated even by a pressure of 100 tons under which the steel pipe Itself was compressed one-quarter Inch only to expand again to Its original length when""the strain , was removed , j The Interior of the plpo was then cleaned out and filled with concrete and brickwork' built on It to the top of tbe slot , where pairs of tecl wedges were driven In against steel cross beams embedded In the old masonry until they carried the full weight of tbo wall above. . ThU novel method ot underpinning had never before been attempted except In tbo recent case of tbo Commercial Cable build ing , wbero the columns were made large enough for men to enter under air pressure , and excavate the hard pau Itself many feet below water level. The building Jot was about 22 feet wide -by 74 feet Ions and It was decided to cover over half ot Its entire are * by three solid masonry piers , each to support four of the twelve columns that carry tbe superstructure. Th'cso pier * were constructed by the pneu matic caisson process and work was com menced May Z9 1896. about two weeks after tbo underpinning wan begun. SINKING TUB CAISSON , k A pneumatic calsaou U essentially. * great pressure , was not sufficient to be Injurious to the workmen , merely causing a consider able Increase of temperature and producing a sensation of obstruction In the cars , but If It hod been necessary to sink the caissons twice or three times as far great precautions would have been necessary. The caisson was entered through an air lock at the top of the shaft ; this was a small steel chamber large enough to contain three or four men who entered It. They closed the airtight outer door and opened the pressure valve ; when the required pressure was secured - cured they opened the trap door In the bottom tom and descended the shaft Into the ex cavating chamber of the caisson. To come out they entered the lock , closed the shaft door , opened the blow-off valve nnd when the pressure was entirely relieved openel the outer door and emerged. It was neces sary always to Increase or diminish the pressure veiy slowly and both of Iho lock doors wcro never open at the same tlnin ; cither ono or the other WHS always closed and securely fastened by the force of the caisson pressure. When the cal on reached the hard pan the excavation W2e carried a short distance into It and the bottom leveled and cleaned. Then concrete was lowered In bucket * and rammed down till the whole Interior of the calt/jon and. the holes left by the pipes and shafts In the brick work were packed full. The pier was completed , below the water level Inside the cofferdam from which the water wa pumped out. , and on Ma top uteel beams and lnfers were set ro id'to overhang1 It In both directions and carry the columns in the required positions at the extreme edges of the lot beyond where foundations could bo conveniently placed. A folltl mass of concrete was thsn filled In above the top of each pier , completely surrounding the glrdcro and hermetically sealing' them In the heart of a great block of artificial stone. The last calsaui wad sunk July 25 , and the first , column was set September 3 , 'and after the steel work ; was fully under way It rose like magic at an average rate of two stories every ten days. A GIGANTIC STEEL CAGE. ' Tiila building Is of what Is known us steel cage construction , that Is , there Is a steel framework or skeleton that Is complete and Independent of Itself , carries Us own weight , the floor loads , roof and all wind pressures aud other storks , the whole being supported entirely by the columns and their bracco which transmit the resulting pressure loads to the foundations. Instead of flic floors and roof being partly carried by the walls , as formerly , the walls themselves are carried on special girder's that are attached to tbe columns at every story , each supporting a zone or belt ot masonry that merely serves as an ornamental screen to exclude the weather. Each column section was about thirty feet , or two stortca long , the lower oiu-4 weighing over 10,000 pounds each. Col umns , girders , beams , bract's aud all other steel work was delivered on trucks and Imme diately hoisted from the otreet , and set In the required position by two long derrick booms that were lifted from story to story as the work progressed and always operated by stationary boUtlng engines cet In the basement. Tbo different pieces were first bolted together and tbe heavy splices and connections made by replacing iho bolts with steel rivets driven red hot. Tbe lot was EO narrow that the width ot the building was only about one-fourteenth of Us extreme height , au unprecedented pro portion , and one which Is even more ( lender tuau U usually adopted ( or * a uoguycd weakens naked iron beams and columns un til they fall or break , and cause the collapse - lapse or destruction of the whole building. Even granite masonry , If exposed to water and flames , will bo destroyed , and so In the best construction nearly all Iron work Is protected by sorao kind-of brick work , con crete or terra cottn. TALL AND LEAN. The Glllender building is about L'2x74 feet outside dimensions , and over 340 feet tall from the bottom of < Its foundations to the foot of the flagstaff. It la 29 feet 8 Indes from the first floor level to the cellar floor , and above the first floor there arc sixteen full storlra above street level , and In tha tower above two more stories , beuldca two small stories In the dome above the tower , thus making the total height of the apex of the structure about 310 feet to the bottom of the Ironwork , whllo the main roof Is a lit tle more than 200 fept above the street level. The total estimated weight of the entire nuperstructura and floor loads is about 9,000 tons , nnd this , together with 220 tons ot pressure developed by wind otralns , Is trans mitted through the twelve columns and ccn- centrated upon the foundation plern at their feet. This weight Is far more than enough to secure stability against the overturning effect produced by a wind pressure of nearly 600,000 pounds allowed for on one side ot the building , but It required very stiff bracing and hundreds of tons of solid steel plates , and trunxd girders were 'built Into the walla between the columns for this purpose. Steel wan used that would mi&taln a loJd of 65,000 pounds per equaro Inch and stretch 2fi or 30 per centbcyand , Its original length befcre breaking , but In no case were the accurately calculated loads allowed to strain It more than one-fourth or one-llftU part of Ha ulti mate strength. The , 'most noticeable feature of construc tion was doubtless the uklll and rapidity with which the trained erectors assembled the great steel girders and columns ; al though there were several thousand pieces and hundreds of them looked very much alike , each ono was taken without hesita tion , utually as soon as It arrived , rapidly and silently hoisted , perhaps 200 feet high , and set In Its place , wbcre half a dozen workmen would be waiting to necurely bolt It , and , another party follow to drive the rivets , the men fearleasly walking and run ning on narrow , springing plank , or slender , slippery beams , or swinging heavy sledges from precarious platforms as much as 300 feet high. Sometimes a workman would ride up on the n'one or Iron that was being hoisted from the end ot the derrick boom , swaying back and forth over the crowde-d street , and sometimes he would slide down a rope or stand on a loose pulley block and let It descend by "oveihauling" the tackle rope , yet such was their confidence and steadiness that no serious accident ot any kind occurred either to the workmen or to the thousands of people pat-alng beneath tbem In the streets. Sometimes , however , the men grow too reck- lees , ea In Iluffalo , not long ago , when two men working on a narrow Iron beam of an upper etory of a high building came to blows , and one fell off and was miraculously caught In the loops ot a rope many feet below , which saved his life. TUB EQUIPMENT , Steam for beating ( be building and operat ing Us pumps Is purchttssd from the New York Steam company , who develop U In great batteries of boilers several thousand feet away , fcrlng U la great underground mains , meuure through special m Un and thus- You will be asked by our agent to sign a trial order similar to the " ' one below Do not do so , however , until she has fa first shown you what SP fafa will do You will then be Convinced that it more than takes the place of anything you ever used for cleaning fa and p olishingpurposes Mr. . . Clcland & Smith w . . . .Grocers . - . 200 $ Farinun Slrat. wW Dear W This order-will authorize yon to send to my ( Afa So tit A 7 * < ? ; j//i Street , - . .25 av/s , worth of Soap Polish on the following conditions : ' _ . - . i. * > V - I After huvo used ono bar of said Soap Polish , if wo do not nnd It equal or snpcrioirt6 a'nythlnj ? of the kind ovur used ; wo have the right to return the other two bars to you mid you are ta pay back the 'X cents. . Vniiivn truly , , . ! H. Kouutze. . . . . . l-'no Simile of Mr. Herman KounUo'B Trial Order Cleans Anything Takes out the dirt after all other remedies have appar ently completed the work. Cleans pianos and all other fine furniture varnished and painted woods and fa walls , tiling , mirrors , window glass , knives , clothing , etc. , all without the s ightest injury to the article cleaned. As it costs nothing to try it we expect your order. LADY AGENTS WANTCD-Tlic T. T. Gibson S .ap Co. , Cll Drel Notional IJ.ink Hillldlng , Omaha effects a valuable economy of space In dis pensing with boilers , coal. etc. An electric current IE taken from the ntrcet conduits , -and operates about l.BOO lamra besides- driving the motors that run the passenger elevators that travel six teen stories from pavement , to roof In about thirty seconds at a maximum speed of 400 feet per minute. A powerful steam pump raises water fro-.u the cellar ( to the 4.000- gallon Iron storage UnKa 250 feet above the street mains , whence It Is supplied to toilet rooms anil to the offices , etc. , at a maximum pressure of 100 pounds per square Inch. A four-Inch steel fire main extends from cellar to roof with branches in every corridor , having valves , fire hcae and noz zles that will command every portion of the building and deluge It with water from the rooC tank , while at the . ame time the mo ment the valve Is opened the decrease In pres sure automatically turns steam into a large fire pump and forces a powerful stream up from thu bottom as well. In Uoston some of the tall buildings are provided with an outside fire system also , which consists of a vertical pipe terminating at the root level In a special nozzle from which a fan-shaped sheet ot water can bo thrown so as to fall In a thin curtain of water 120 feet wide , protecting the whnlo front or side of a building from an ad jacent fire. On May 1 1830 , the tenants wcro removed from the building that formerly occupied this site and a few days before May I. 1807. the now GlllenJer building received Its tenants. The site of the building Is valued nt $750.000 and the cost ot the building iibelf has been about $500.000. Including the cost of expensive machinery and equipment , re markable figures , considering the difficulties of the work. Us rapid execution and that the cost of similar , though larger , buildings has been In the millions. It Is no wonder that It has been predicted that these gigantic towers will eventually transform broad and airy streets to the semblance of close , dark canyons that will finally become tunnels , when the enormously concentrated traffic Is so congested that ele vated platforms are required across the whole width of the street to provide second- story sidewalks for pedestrians. Such f-.aro may , however , bo reassured by the laws ihat have been passed In nearly all our largo cities , regulating the maximum height of buildings. FRANK W. SKINNHU. If your face Is pimpled or your skin blotched purify your blood with Pill Ane- cnile Pink. T1IH OLD TI.MICIIS. "Undo" Austin Collalier , the only surviv ing playmate of Abraham Lincoln , Is lying at the point of death at his home three miles east of Hodgciivlljc , Ky.He Is 01 years of ago. , Isaaa MuLcllan.1 the < ged poct-aportsman of Grcenport , U. I. , who recently celebrated his 91st blrthdur by playing whist all evenIng - Ing at his club , Is troubled very little by his age and hae-bla boats , fishing tackle and shooting Implements always ready for use. Ir , Charles Frederick Wulllgohs , the old est physician in Ohio , itlll keeps up his practice , devpllehis 93 years and his name. He says every member ct his family for tliu past 300 ycarsihas lived over 100 years , and his grandfather at the ago of 100 cradled wheat for three days In succession. England's oldest duke , the duke of North umberland , has entered his eighty-seventh year. Though ho..calls himself Percy , ( ho duke Is really a nSmlthson , the lost male Percy having died In 1670. tie Is extremely religious anil , ai hla nvlto was an Irving- Ite , one seat Is'Ialways kept vacant at his table -for the Bavlor. Perhaps the olddat man In America , and of the centenarians the most vigorous and well preserved , tU Michael Sliea of Indianapo lis , Ind , In < few mouths lit ? will have at tained the astonishing age of 11C years , and , what Is more remarkable , he continues In full possession of his mental faculties , tak ing a keen Inter-cat In the events of the day. Phytlcally bo Is well preserved. The Hev. Walter Dartlett of Greene Is tbo oldest minister In Ohio , If not In the United States , During the slavery agi tation he was one of the most prominent men In the state In the anti-slavery move ment. Ho was Instrumental In promoting the election of Ilenjamln Wade to the sen ate of the United States , .and was a Block- holder In the underground railway , Thomas Tiiompion , the millionaire philan thropist , who left his fortune to bis wfe | , with the provision that on her death one- half the Income should go to poor women -Drattleboro , Vt. , WAS graduated from Harvard college in 1817 In the clam with the eminent historian , George Bancroft. JIU widow , who Is now over SO years old , 1 * ono ot the most liberal givers of the day to charity and beneficial enterprises. The lact remaining uraaliAUgbtcr ol Alex ander von Humboldt , Mathllde vcn Humbo'dt died a few weeks ago In Home. She was born In 1S30 in Ottmachau. In Silesia , the an clcnt family scat. She lived In Coblcntz am Ottmachau till her mother's death , when sti removed to Rome , whfie fihe wca the lead Ing spirit of the German colony and wcl known as a friend of young artists ot talent Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Rattles of De catur , 111. , celebrated the sixtieth annlveroarj of their marriage icat Tuesday. Thomas Bat ties Is a native of Mount Vernon , N. H. He was born there on February 17 , 1817. His wife was Miss Lucy Stcvenn , and she Is Jus one year younger than her husband. Doll came from good old Puritan stock and have been lifelong members of the Congregatlona church. OUT OF TIIK ORDINARY. London has 15,000 policemen. England has 4,000 bulldlng'eocletles. More than 11,000,000 yards of tweed an. used annually for clothing the male popula tlon of London alone. The city sealer of Pawtucket , R. I. , has notified all dealers that henceforth etrawbcr rles , and all other berries , must be sold by the quart , dry measure , and that crate boxes arc barred. The largest creamery In the world Is sale to bo near St. Albans , Vt. Twelve thousand cows , owned by 700 farmers , supply It will cream , and the average dally product la 10,000 pounds , or five tons , of butter , A baking company In Massachusetts ] claims the excluolve right to wrap bread in paper and tie it with a pink string , and has ap pealed to the courts to restrain a rival com pany from doing It. Judge Advocate Samuel T. Shaylor , Jack sonville , Fla. , while sitting on a wharf dur ing a court-martial recess , found In the hem of ills trousers a diamond ring. He had pur chased the trousers a year go , but had not had occasion before to use them. The Medical Record contains a study of 1,704 severe cases of diphtheria treated by ontltoxln , in which the mortality was 21.12 per cent. This" reverses .the figures of the period preceding the new treatment , when there was but 27 per cent of recoveries. Farm houses In Carroll county , Maryland are supplied with a telephone service at $15 n year , and It Is sald by these who have tried It that life -In the country la made far more attractive when Instant communlca tlon can bo had with the family doctor , the postofllCQ and village stores , to say nothing of an occasional chat with a distant friend. People are queer. A New York sparrow got hung by a piece of twine the , other day and the street was filled with a crowd watching eagerly to see the Ilttlo .creature freed from the place wheio It had caught In the eaves. Two mcns devoted themselves to Us liberation. Yet not one of the spectators probably but joins dally In denouncing the wbolo sparrow trlbo as' unmitigated pests. Tjio unique spectacle of four generations of the same family being together In church , each In a special icapaclty , Is reported fioin Tockholes , England. The vicar performed the ceremony of christening.a child named Henry Catterajl , the child's father was offi ciating aa organist , his grandfather joined In the musical service as chorister and his great-grandfather occupied a seat In the church warden's pew. There Is a uawmlll In Grandln , 'Mo. , many departments of which are In charge of women. There Is a woman In charge ot the engine , One ot the rooms where tlie big uaws are operated Is managed by women. The lathe room Is also populated with fern I nlnlty , and tbo machines of all sorts are bandied by them. In the rooms adjoining a Force of young women Is constantly employed , filing and getting the saus In uliapo for work. The 'care of the machinery la In their banda , and -It Is said they are quite as adept and ai competent to handle It as any force yet em ployed In the mill. WEAKNESS OF MEN Quickly , Thoroughly , Forever Curnd br a n w perfected id ntlfl tastboa that cannot faV unlets tha cass it bcjooii human aid. You ( sal Im proved th firtt daj , fe.la Laaefltevsry day , aoon know xouritlf a klna among man In bodjr , mlua and hearU Drains and louts ended. Krsrr otittacU to fcappr tnarrle41lfar niOT d. Nsrtt r/fWkrT\'lll \ fore. , will , enerrr. > ' ( ailing r tott , art r ltor d br tnls tr .lm nt All wiak perilous ol th Ixxir ul r d and strength- an.d. Vtil urour book , wltti iplanatloni and Btot suUd. Ire * . Ot.r 2,000 rafttaacsa , ERIE MEDICAL CO , , LAIIOR AXI ) INDUSTRY. Paterson , N. J. , has a textile school. Maine will make silk from spruce trees. Machine-made diamonds arc announced. The scouring mill at Pendleton , Ore. , Is running night and day. Co-operation in France has spread more In agriculture than In manufacturing and trade. Ohio brlckmakers arc using a clay-dig ging machine that does the work of from seventeen to twenty men. Tim value ot tl > e cattle In western Amer ica Is estimated at $2,000,000,000 , or five times that of all the cattle in Australia. Nearly 33.0JO tons of southern pig Iron have been shipped to foreign countries dur ing the "present month : 29,000 tons have beeii sent to the west , and 38,000 tons to the north and east. Joseph Woods , a vice president of the Clgarmakcrs' International union , Is making a tour of the country in the Interest of the union label , delivering Illustrated lectures In open-air meetings. A few years since there was not a can ning factory west of the Alleghany moun tains , but now they dot the prairies and plan tations ot the Mississippi basin , and are in creasing year by year at a rapid rate. The Utah Federation ot Labor Is making a strong fight for the eight-hour law of that state. The lower courts have declared the law constitutional , but Interested parties have carried the matter Into the supreme court. The Bakers' International union at the recent Cleveland convention adopted a now financial system similar somewhat to that of the clgarmakers , all moneys collected from regular sources being covered Into the International treasury. The vote recently taken by the Brother hood of Locomotive Firemen to decide the question of afllllatlon of that organization with the American Federation of Labor re sulted in en overwhelming majority voting In favor of the proposition. The commissioner of the public works de partment of Brooklyn and the chief engineer of the water supply department notified a pump company that hereafter it would have to pay the union rate on all city work. Machinists must bo paid $3.25 for eight hours. In Connecticut there is hardly a farmer who does not raise tobacco , Tobacco Is grown In at least a dozen states , Penn sylvania leading In the amount of produc tion , while Ohio has 60,000 acres given up to the culture , and an average crop of 30- , 000,000 pounds. The Board of Education of AVheellng , W. Vo , , has advertised for bids for the erec tion of an eight-room school building. An Interesting feature of the advertisement is that portion that reads : "Didders muni state ' In their bids that only union labor will bo employed. " t According to the Baltimore News , the farmers of Maryland arc becoming Inter ested In the movement for a general cultiva tion of tobacco and for the introduction of the raising of _ rlce. In earlier days tojiacco was grown throughout the state , , but for the last half century It has been confined ( o the counties of southern Maryland , Before any sickness comes a feeling of general dchlllty and loss of vitality. Blood is vitality. When you feel wrak ward off dUeaso by strengthening your blood. PHI Anecmlti Pink Is composed largely of con centrate beef blood , and la tbo great blood builder. The latest Is the fancy dress bicycle party , Not on the boulevards or to some charming suburb , but Indoors , preferably In a bicycle academy. In fact , the fancy dresa hall that has so long held undisputed away has found a rival. It used lo tie the way that what were known as "trick riders" were skillful with tholr wheels , but nowadays two-thirds ot thcso who enjoy bicycle riding are suffi ciently expert to maki their wheels do almost anything but talk. The bicycle ride mentioned Is no theory , but an established 'act. Not a week pastes but what an event of the sort In greatly enjoyed. The persons who take part In ( htso af fair * do not , strange as It may seem , attire hemselvea In blcyclo costumes. To be oure , .heir dresses and suits arc not equal to those which wt-ro on view at the Bradley-Martin jail , but they are often very unique and always Interesting. It scemi very strange to hink of Mary , Queen of Scots , riding a jlke , or of Charles II. begging for her hand n the next blcyclo reel , while Oliver Crom- ell pedals off broken-hearted bccauso someone ono has gained precedent. Yet this Is ex actly what happens. Then Napoleon Bona.- > arto and iBrltannU ride away In a circle around tliuoom , the fastest of friends. "We cure Citlurrli , AH IUNCIINUN < i | the < \ MI ( Tliroat , Client , Stoiiiauli | IlutvelH mill Liver ; llytlriii-clf , Vnrl i-Ofole , Syiililllx , fiouorrliorii. Aml n11 lts " ' amons YOUNG. MIDDL.U AC3UD mid OLD MUN. LOOn ANT ) SKTN L"s < 1nt' s , Korea. Spots. UUUL Ann on. 111 i > , | ! imCSi Biroruia , TU more , Tetter , Eczema and llloo.i . 1'olbou thorough. ly clcnntcil from the Bybtcni ; alpo Weakness ot Organs , Inflammation , Ruptures , Hies , Flelula , etc. CATARRH Throat , L.unsn. Liver. Dyspepsia Troubles. nnd a" "owcl nnd Stomach LADIES a'vcn ' careful nnd Fpeclal Attention fnr nl ) thcr | mnny nllmentl < WRITF 'our troubles If out of city. Thou- * * ' " * " Bands cured nt homo by coircepond * ence THEATMENT BY MATIr-Conmllntlon free. Omaha Medical and Surgical Institute 1(105iXiilKU St. . Oninliii. .Nell. A written Guarantee to Ctn ANY CASE : or IUONUV uKWNHV.it. Oar euro la permanent and not a patclilnc op. CMM treated ten yearn mya liaro nererflotn a oinptom ilnra. Jljdfwrlblnif your cdko fully wo cvxroat you liymill. andwotflrolhoCAinottronffiruar&nfco tu rare or refund II money , tf your ejniptumx arc ttluiplei on nice , aar throat , mucous | > Klclic In moitlli , rhcu- miitlim In bones and Juluu , liulr fulling out , eruption ! on any part of < Lo body , tenting at general drprcadim , j > ulns In head or uonen.Tqu IiaToiiollmo lownMe. Tliora who arc eonitanlly lak. Ingmtrcurjand polauli thou Id discontinue It. Conntant Ufa of these drugs will tuiely bring aorra and railnir ulcers In Ihecr.d. Don't rail to mlio. TliOso ivliuprr. fer to como licra for treatment can do and we will pay railroad fare botut.ayaand hotel bill * vihllo bcro If wo fall < o cure. Wo challenge the world for a cue tlmtour Undo Ilemedy lll not cure. VVrllo for full particulars and et Hie evidence. We know that you are skeptical , Juitly EO lee , as Ilia matt umlntnt iiurelclani hare never been aulo to ul o more than tern , norary relief , In our many ycara Mortice wltli this II11 it I c llemedy It baa been most il.nieult to oyr- cotno the prejudice * affftlnut all co-called tpeclflcs. ljut under our Btrouff guaiantco > ou shouidnotheiiUato to try this remedy. You take no chaneo of loMmt ynur money , We guarantee lo cuio or refund erery dollar anil as we havoa reputation to ( irolrct , alia financial backing of SBOO.OOO , It It pcrfcclly fo lo all bo will try tbo treatment. Ueritoforo you bare iicrn putting up and paying : out your money Tor dllfetrnt treatmentv and allboutfb > ouare not yrtcurfid no ono ] uu paid back your money. Do not waite any mare money until > ou try ui. Old , cliroulc. tleep.scated casts cured In thirty to ninety ilayi. InttMl- ffalo our flnr.nolal MtandJng , our n putatlon asbu lnia taen. Writ * ui for names and adjmws ol Ihott bare cured of 8/pbllU , ube Jitvo given pcnnlMlon to refer to tbem. It coils you only postage to du tbli i It will euro you a world of sulierlng from mental ttralDi and If you ars marrfriit'hat may jour ott ] > rDnurrer ( ( tbroueli your own n jlKcacol All ourrc > i > oiidenca sent pealed In plain enrrfopis. We Invlto ( he most Htrld Inreitleatlon and will da all In our power to aid you In It. Write us for our 1OO pane tjook aud. abiuluto proofs of cures. . . . . . . . - acucnv Pn MASONIC-TEMPLE , ncMtUY UUii chiooQo , in. DOCTOR Senrlcs & Searles , pcclallsf iu I and PRIVATE mim. , All Private Dlneasc * tid Disorder * of MeM Treatment by tualf Consultation Free. SYPHILIS Cured far life. HOME TREATMENT MAft FOB ALL POIIMS OK FKMAI.E WBAIC N1SSS AND IMSIJASI5S Of WOBII8N , Catarrh , all Diseases of the Nose. Throat. Chest. Stomach , Liver. Illood , akin ami Kidney UUtuaes , Lost ilanliuotl. HydroecU Varlcoccle , Gonorrhea , Qlcet. Byplillla and ALL PJtiVATB DI CABES OK JIKN. Piles , Fistula and Ilectal Ulceru cured with out pain or detention nom uuslness , nrlgbt'a Disease , Diabetes and kindred maladies. Call on or eatress with stamp , 119 H. UtU tit. DU HES 2 Mill Ouaba < ti m. LouUo of Prutsla with the Ciar Alexander , love to scorch through the mazes of tun lauclcra , but perhaps tbia Utter Uu't to lil torlcally IncorrocU <