OMAHA. DAILY BEE : SUNDAY , JUJDY 7 , 1305. n
THE ELEPHANT IN A RAGE
w
v A Time that TrUs the Courage of the
Boldest Keeper.
SIGNS OF THE COMING STORM
Cnrloui VJglttN nnil ItlTatrlei nl Ilia
Jltiuts Keeper Cniikltit' * Ilnril Jllila
to Ktcjpo a Mud One-IJucer
rrlendihlp for n Child.
( Copyright , It } ! , by B. B. UcClure. Limited. )
There Is nt all times danger to keepers
i from the uncertain nature ot an elephant , but
there recurs a period every year when this
danger Is much greater than at others , at
least with the male elephants. The approach
of this period Is announced by the swelling
of a gland on cither tide ot the animal's
head , about six Inches back of the cyet. All
male elephants have small holes.at theie two
points leading Into the head , and In no way
connected with the ear. These hole * are al
most Invisible at ordinary times , bolng con
cealed In the wrinkled flesh , but at the dan
gerous period they become apparent and emit
, a watery discharge of unpleasant odor. This
/ Is a signal well recognized among elephant
men that all who go near the animal must
take heed to themselves. And at such times
the elephant Is apt to single out some one
person as the special object of his animosity
This period of danger lasts three or four
weeks , and during this whole time the
keepers must be extraordinarily careful. ThP
well known trainer , George Conklln , has had
his life attempted every day for three weeks ,
but so skillful has he become In avoiding an
elephant's attack with trunk or tusks , and so
thoroughly Is he verted In the elephant's
, t treacherous wavs. that he nas ne\er yet sus
tained serious Injury.
A KEEPER HOTLY CHASED.
The most critical experience that ever be
fell Conklln came several years ago. when he
was traveling through Idaho. The show
was In a little town called Haley , and the
morning procession was just ever , when the
six-ton elephant , Samson , burst the .chains
by which ho had been staked and made a
rdsh for his keeper. At the time Conklln
was Insldo the lion's cage , where ho had
been riding In the procession , for he Is not
only ono of the most experienced elephant
trainers In the world , but he Is a tamer r.l
. tigers and lions as well. As he taw th
elephant rush at the cage , ho realized that he
was going to have a close call for his life.
, I3y great good luck he managed to undo the
inong the mules of the herd , each one hav-
ng his special antagonist with -whom ho
vauld fight If the occatlon offered Thus
'Ip and Frits , and Don and Nick , In the
lartium ihow , are always watching for an
opportunity to have a brush , and often In the
procession , ot when passing Into their quar-
ers , find an opportunity to ttrlkc at eac1) )
other. More than once It hai happened that
an elephant has had a good "piece of bark"
nkcn off In such a chance encounter.
Usually the females In the herd arc peace
fully disposed and care Is ecrcl > ed to place
se\eral of them as buffers between each pair
of the more aggrewlvc males. 0 d Oyp however -
over , Is a striking exception to this rule , she
bglng as great r Ighter us there Is , and
willing to try conclusions with the bnt of
the tuskers. Indeed , on one or two rrcn-
sloni. Gyp has managed to frea herself from
ler chains anJ marched down the line , snori
ng defiance nt Fritz , Tip. Dick Mandarin
and all the rest of them. Ard. o Idly enough , no
one of the herd has taken up her challenge
so that several of the keepers maintain that
she could thrash any of them. ThK however -
ever , Is a question , for Gyp , with all her
pluck , only weighs three tons , and has of
course no turks to fight with. It Is a fact ,
however , an the keepers cill to mind with
pride , that on one occasion , having been re
peatedly punched by Don , he turneJ defiant y
upon him and butted him Into abject sur
render. "
CURIOUS FRIENDSHIP FOR A CHILD.
Plucky as she Is and experienced In fightIng -
Ing , the old elephant Gypsy Is usually one
of the gentlest and most obedient of ele
phants. She Is especially fond of children ,
as was shown several years ago when she
made great friends with the little son of
one of the circus performers. So fond did
Gyp become of the little fellow that she
would tease and plead In elephant language
to see him every day and not Infrequently
Mr Bailey used to gratify her whim by
letting her go Into the dressing room tent ,
where placing the child with a tender push
of her trunk between her huge front legs ,
she nodded her great head up and down as
If to say : "See what good friends we are. "
She would sometimes stand In this way for
ten minutes , the boy apparently being per
fectly at home and lm\lng no Idea of feur.
And no ono dared take HIP boy away unless
lie would brave Gyp's displeasure. As soon
as the music announcing the procession
struck up , however , Gyp would curl down her
trunk , and catching the boy by the sleeve
of the jacket would lead him back to his
father , and then nodding her head as If In
farewell , would march away contentedly to
her quarters.
AGE AND AILMENTS OF ELEPHANTS.
Gypsy Is the oldest elephant In the circus
and probably the oldest In the country.
Mr Ilallcy credits her with 70 years , but
George Conklln , who Is a better authority ,
does not think she Is over 50. Indeed Mr.
Conklln declares that thcro Is a wide mis-
THE ELEPHANT TIP.
if bars and get out before the shock came , but
| Sanu-on was after him , with trunk waving ,
and with shrieks ot rage. Conklln dctlged
behind another cage ot animals , which Sam
son butted o\er as If It was a child's card-
house , the leopards Insl/lo squealing In terror.
Again Conklin dodged for his life , while
Samson bulled over the cage that came next
In his way. Thus In succession six cages of
wild animals were o\erturned by the Infuri
ated monst r. Then Conklln succeeded In
getting on a horse. Throwing himself Into
the saddle , ho dug his heels Into the horse's
flanks and made for the open prairie , Samson
meanwhile trumpeting behind and running
at full speed. Now , a largo elephant , when
his rage Is up , can run as fast as a fleet
horse , and Conklln soon found this out to his
cost. Rldo as ho would , Samson kept gainIng -
Ing en him , the speed being so great that
the red and gilt caparison with which Sam
son had been clothed for the parade stood
out In the wind at each side like a pair of
curious wings.
"Make for the railroad , " some ono shouted
to the flying showman.
Like a flash Conklln caught the Idea and
swerving his horse to the left crossed the
tracks that ran across the prairie to a long
ridge. In a moment his horse was over the
railroad and out on the open ground on the
other side. But the track caused Samson
some delay In scrambling over , and thus
Conklln and his horse made a little gain.
But once across the elephant only ran the
faster , and once more began to close up the
space between them. By this time the news
F had spread through the community that a
mad elephant was chasing Conklln to kill
h him and a company of cowboys , armed with
rifles , revolvers and laseoes , came galloping
y to the rescue. A fusillade of shots was fired
8 Into the elephant , but paying not the sllght-
k est attention to the attack he kept straight
[ * on In pursuit of Conklln.
I Again and again the showman was obliged
to cross the track to moke a gain. But
Samson's speed seemed only to Increase ,
whllo the horse was steadily getting fagged
out.
out.About
About three miles from the show ground
a cowboy gave Conklln a shotgun and a bag
of buckshot , and turning on his horse the
showman began to fire Into Samson's trunk.
Fifteen times ho emptied the gun , Ihe bullets
striking him every time. Soon the elephant
was bleeding profusely , but he kept on un-
, * ninchlngly In his hatred. At the sixteenth ,
however , he turned tall and fled. Ho was
conquered at last , and complete victory was
assured later that day when Conklln chained
him down and had him whipped by assistants
until ho squealed and begged for mercy. In
spite of his many wounds Samson recovered
entirely , and remained with the show three
years , his death not coming until the fire'
which swept through the Barnum show when
In Its winter quarters at Bridgeport.
FIGHTS BETWEEN ELEPHANTS.
One ot the most Important duties ot the
elephant men Is to keep the animals from
Indulging In a constant tendency to fight with
each other. Tt\e \ male elephants are partic
ularly aggressive , and unless kept under con
stant surveillance and restraint , would plunge
at each other with tusks and trunks , to the
\ serious Injury , It not the death , of one or
> * f both.
both.Many
Many men In Barnum's show remember
the fight between Dick and Dunk , two big
elephants , who got Into an engagement some
six years ago In the old Madison Square
Garden. Dunk went mad with almost no
warning , and tearing loose from his fasten
ings started at his old enemy , Dick. Both
elephants stood game , and with shrieks ct
rage dashed at each other again and again ,
swinging their trunks with the force of
falling trees , and. digging their tusks Into
each other's flanks. For half an hour the
keepers were unable to get them apart , for
' prods and hooks were unavailing against
their blind rage , and It would have meant
certain death for an attendant to
have ventured between them. Those
who ww the fight say that the ele
phants charged at each other like bulls , rush-
striking with a shock that was felt through
out the building. Dunk knocked his adversary -
versary down several times , and It was only
' Jr when he bad gained a decisive advantage In
the struggle that the keepers were able to
lead away the discomfited and badly Injured
Dick. Then , with much dllllculty , the mad
elephant was secured with chains , and later
transferred to the Smithsonian Zoological
Garden , his temper being too violent to allow
tils remaining with the circus.
Curloua rivalries establish themselves
apprehension In regard to the ages of ele
plmnfs. He says that elephants are not as i
rule much longer lived than men and women
he doubts If they ever attain a greater ag <
than 150 years. It Is very difficult to deter
mine an elephant's precise age , the teetl
giving only vague Indications. The bcs
evidence Is the condition of the skin and tin
generai appearance of the animal
About 30 they begin to get slower In theli
movements and less useful for tricks In tin
ring. At CO they show- stiffness In the joint !
and a rheumatic tendency , while In Intelll
Kcnce and quickness they show a dlstlnc
falling off. '
\Vhoe\ci has looked Inside an elephant' :
mouth has seen a strange sight. Many time !
for my edification Keeper Conklln , with prol
ding spear or word of command , forced at
elephant to curl back his trunk over his heat
and open up the great pink cavern betweer
his jaws. Elephants have no front teeth , am
they never cat flesh or any food that require :
tearing apart. Eight teeth are all they havi
two above and two below on each side , hugi
yellow molars as wide as a man's hand am
a couple of Inches thick. Over these hay 01
fodder Is shifted by the queerest , uglles
tongue In the whole animal kingdom , i
tongue that Is literally hung at both ends
having no power of movement except In tin
middle , where It shifts back and torth fron
side to side , arching up against the roof o
the big mouth like an Immense wrinkling
pink serpent. There Is nothing stranger thai
the working ot an elephant's tongue , unlesi
It be the working of his breathing apparatui
when he sleeps.
Elephants , IJko human beings , have twi
Bets of teeth , the milk teeth , which.an
smaller than the permanent molars , falllnt
out when the animals are about 14 years old
These baby teeth , which are. nevertheles :
enormous , are occasionally picked up by clr
cus men among the fodder and preserved ai
curiosities. Such a thing as an elephan
having the toothache or a decayed molar I :
absolutely unknown , Mr. Conklln assuring
me that In his whole experience of thlrtj
AN ELEPHANT'S MOUTH.
years as an elephant trainer he has nevei
known a single Instance ot the sort. And I
Is fortunate that elephants have this 1m
munlty from a form of suffering that some'
times affects other wild animals , for It I :
difficult to pee how a dentist would set about
extracting an elephant's molar.
Elephants are very rarely the victims o
serious Illness. On the rare occasions whet
something Is wrong with them there seem :
to be little that can bo done for their relle
except to allow them absolute rest. On oni
occasion , when old Gyp was looking won
and tired after a hard season's work carrying
the saddle every day , Conklln gave her twi
quarts of pure whisky with the best results
The stimulant seemed to brace her up Im
mediately , and has been used with slmtla
success In other Instances.
A queer misadventure befell an elephan
named La la Rookh during the summer o
1894. U seems that there was a lease bean
In the partition that separated tin
elephants' quarters on the elephan
car from the little room at the end when
the keepers slept. The floor ot the llttli
room was covered with straw mattresses , am
one Sunday , while'tho men were away , Lali
Rookh reached her trunk through the hole Ii
the partition and before she was detected at )
up an entire mattress. The next day tin
animal was taken violently 111 , gclng Inti
convulsions and making a terrible disturb
ance. The cauie ot the trouble was not dls
covered until one of the keepers rememberet
that he had concealed In the mattress fivt
pounds of plug tobacco , which had gem
down the elephant's throat along with th <
straw. _ CLEVELAND MOFFETT.
ETCHINGS OF CAPITAL LIFE
G impses of the Passing and Bnrpauing
Show in Washington ,
SOME SOBER AND SOMBRE SCENES
Notable Women In Council anil Not.ible
Men In the Cnpltol The White UOURD
J. Ixppolntlng-Uallerr Wlse-
ncrei Other Itenii.
The following article on Washington was
written for the benefit of the Ladles' Society
of Knox Presbyterian church by one of Its
members , and was read at a recent meeting :
"U was my pleasure to visit Washington
during the Lenten season , a time of compar
ative social quiet and a grateful relief to the
devotees of society to whom the pretended
commemoration ot our Lord's fast In the
wilderness Is merely a social permit to re-
Ire temporarily after the excessive dissi
pations ot the winter. This Is usually the
eason selected for conventions of various
kinds for which Washington Is so noted ,
'ebruary ' 1895 probably witnessed the
argest Woman's Christian Temperance union
atherlng ever assembled In the city. It was
an occasion of great rejoicing to the white
rlbboners. The mammoth polyglot petition
addressed to the rulers of all countries
and signed In fifty different languages bad
completed Its tour of the world and returned
o the organization which gave It birth. The
mass meeting was held In Convention hall ,
an auditorium well finished and fitted up
over the K street market and sealing 15,000
people. The petition was mounted on white
muslin , the edges being bound In blue and
red , our own Columbian colors. The hall
was decorated with very artistic effect wltb
the seeming endless array of signatures
and yet there were yards upon yards rolled
carpet fashion on the platform and along
the sides of the hall. U was a red letter
day In the history of the Woman's Chris
tian Temperance union. Shis meeting was
followed by several ot a similar character ,
It being an exceptional opportunity to fire
a few bombs Into the camp of the enemy ,
and with such brave and determined veter
ans as Frances Wlllard and Lady Henry
Somerset In the lead you may be sure there
was a great volley of shots Intelligently
aimed. The two women mentioned always
appeared together and Invariably received a
noisy greeting from the crowds. Frances
Wlllard Is so well known that a description
of her Is unnecessary. Laay Somerset Is be
coming almost as familiar to us through her
work In this country. She Is a woman of
apparently great endurance , strong , robust
English physique , full face , rather good lookIng -
Ing , dark brown eyes and hair and a very
sweet , magnetic voice. Her language Is well
chosen and to the point. A southern woman ,
Miss Belle Kearney of Mississippi , an enthu
siastic and gifted temperance worker , Is rapIdly -
Idly stepping to the front and Is predicted
to bo Frances Wlllard'g successor. These
two types of women are as widely different
as a mild June zephyr Is from a cyclone.
Both are eloquent , earnest , able ; but the
young Mtsslsslpplan would hardly win the
hearts of the people as easily as Frances
Wlllard has done. Her manner tends to Ir
ritate rather than create repentence In those
she most desires to help. She Is now mak
ing herself heard at the World's Woman's
Christian Temperance convention In London
and we shall undoubtedly hear more of this
young woman along these lines as the years
gn by.
by.NATIONAL
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN.
Simultaneously with the meetings of the
Woman's Christian Temperance union came
the third annual convention of the Natloua
Council of Women , a gathering of represen
tatlves of over fifty national women's organ
Izatlons along the lines ot moral , social
political and religious reform. Miss May
Wright Sewall , a western woman , well known
In connection with the suffrage movement
discharged the duties ot her office as ptesl
dent with marked ability and a thorougl
knowledge of parliamentary rules. Her bear
Ing Is painfully dignified and she Is tin
fortunate In having a thin voice , pitched In a
high minor key , suggestive of great physlca
effort. Susan B. Anthony , like whom tiere
Is no other In the ranks , sat rocking In ne
comfortable chair on the platform , the cente
of attraction , even In a bevy of such dls
tlngulshed women as Julia Ward Howe , Rev
Anna II. Shaw , Frances Wlllard , Lady
Somerset , Rachel Foster Avery and one lone
man , Mr. Lunn of England. The address ?
were of a high order , and , though the audl
ences were made up largely of women , ther
was always a fair sprinkling of men. Th
gray , curly head of Fred Douglass coulc
nearly always be seen during the first few
days of the congress. Death claimed him
not an hour after leaving one of their after
noon sessions and the suffrage cause lost on
of Its strong supports. By the way , th
death of Fred Douglass caused a gloom to
settle down upon Washington as dark a
his own African face and as sincere as hi
own heart. Probably no public character In
the city was more universally respected. HI
funeral from a fashionable northwest colorei
church was attended by thousands of his own
race , many of whom could not get even Tiea
the doors. Seats were reserved for eevera
distinguished whites , who , with the whit
wife of the deceased , were noticeably promt
nent In the midst ot such a sea of color
The floral offerings were as exquisite as ever
lay upon a white man's breast and many a
tear from Caucasian eyes told silently tha
In spite of race or color hearts are hearts.
On the Sabbaths Included In the two weeks
session ot the Council of Women the Wash
Ington clergy seized the opportunity for rest
filling their pulpits with available woman
speakers. Rev. Anna H. Shaw , to me the
most attractive woman upon the American
platform today , with the tingle exception o
Frances Wlllard , preached In a modest llttl
church of her own denomination , th
Methodist Protestant. Eloquent , forcible , per
sonally attractive and always womanly sli
exerts a most magnetic Influence upon he
audiences and carries them wherever she wil
with marvelous ease. "Whereupon , O Klnf ,
Agrlppa , I Was Not Disobedient to th
Heavenly Vision. " This was her text , and , o
course , being a devoted woman suffragist , sh
twisted It Into a shape which the common
man might not ha\e thought of doing , yet I
was done In a manner so Inoffensive that no
even the dignified preacher who sat besld
her could have objected. She work a black
robe , loosely belted , large flowing sleeves
with white lace undersleeves and a band o
delicate white lace at the throat. Her dress
though severely plain , was very becoming.
THE WHITE HOUSE.
The white house this winter looked ex
cuse this vulgar but most expressive word
"tough. " There Is evidently something
wrong with ihe dofnestlc management o
this painfully plain old mansion am
Americans have nothing to feel proud of In
their residence for the head of the nation
The east room has been brightened up will
new window draperies of rich texture am
design and a few odd pieces ot furnltur
about the room. The green , red and blue
rooms show signs ot wear and tear Inciden
upon cro'wded recenllons and other enter
talnments and the halls and corridors sadly
need regeneration and Improvement. Un
doubtedly the next administration will be
careful to sweep out the democratic dus
that now nestles so beautifully In the whit
house corners ; In other words a clean swee
will be Inaugurated.
February 21 Mrs. Cleveland held her las
public reception which was the most orderly
of any similar events that have occurred In
recent years In uplte of the Immense throng
that attended. Mrs. Cleveland , beautlfij a
a girl , as a woman Is superb. She has a
sweet serenity of expression born possibly o
sorrow , even though worldly honors are s
generously bestowed upon her.
One , yes , two , three , four days I spent be
neath the dome of the capltol. The smooth
cleanly kept walls , bordered with shubbery
still green In spite of winter's frost , were
tempting to the pedestrian. The crocuses
thrust their little yellow heads above the
Ivy-covered earth to tell us ot the coming
spring and , by the way , some have whls
pered that the grass has been growing al
winter between the Talent leather pedals o
our congressmen. At no seacon of the year
are so many visitors to be seen In Washing
ton as In the month of February. Its stree
can , Its herdlcs. Its broad thoroughfares. Its
government buildings , all teem with curious
humanity. The wealthy New Yorker , the
cultured Oostonlan and jhe Clue-blooded Phil
adelphlan jostle against the penniless tramp
the Indigent and Indignant office seeker , the
lame , the- halt and the blind. It Is a soda
ompound rarely seen outside tot Washing-
on.
on.HUMANITY IN THEiI OTUNDA.
I entered the rotunda one mornln * and sat
own to watch the tide of-humanity which
ooded the various doorways. , .In and out ,
north and south , east and west , the people
were hurriedly moving. Nobbdy seemed to
are a fig for "The Baptism ot Pocahontas , "
The Landing of ColumbuO.nor . even the
goodbye scene ot the Pilgrims , canvas re-
i : ductlons of which adorn.the walls Of the
otitmla ,
i asslng Into StaUwry hall the old house
f representatives I paused to ido reverence
nee more to the circle ot America's noble
ons. In the southeast corner * now fitted up
nd reserved as a reception room , sat a
group of men and women , There was. the
ubiquitous widow In sachcloth , the dashing
young matron , the female lobbyist and wo
men of various denominations and profcs-
lons. A little farther on In the corridor I
ookcd In vain for an eccentric old lady who
or more than thirty years kept a curio stand
nd accumulated a small fortune soiling pho-
ographs of public men and women , souve
nir pin cushions , purses and other
intck-knacks of more or less value. Still
arther on In a dark , obscure corner , once
itood a smlilng , rosk-checked young woman
> ehlnd an array of pies and sweet cakes of
arlous shapes and dimensions , with which
o tempt the hunfgry passer-by. Many a
Ime have I passed that Identical niche an'1
seen In Its dusky recerscs a famishing mem-
> er ot congress , munching n quarter of pie.
o-called , or destroying the buxom beauty of
a baker's doughnut. Really I don't know as
ic would tell of It at home , but congress
men even are not always what they seem and
pie Is higher the lower jou go down In the
capltol.
Later I found myself In the gallery of the
louse. Such a bedlam ! I would rather be a
country schoolmaster with a good supply of
willow switches and a strong right arm than
to be speaker of the house of representatives ,
for then I could thrash the boys when they
deserved It , but he can't. I believe the line
of discipline Is drawn at'corporal punlsh-
nent , although the members occasionally for
get themselves and try It on each other. No
wonder that so many members who go to
Washington , confidently , expecting to write
their names at the top of the , ladder of fame ,
are swallowed up In the maelstrom of tumult
and disorder and never come to the surface.
Only the man with Iron lungs can be heard
above the roaring waters and even he Is
likely to emerge like a very wet rat after
such a prodigious effort.
NOTABLES IN THE HOUSE.
Congressman Reed , who now looms up as
a \ery plump presidential possibility. Is probably -
ably the most successful man In stilling the
tempest. Time was when' Brccklnrldgo of
Kentucky could command perfect silence as
he arose to speak. I rather think he Is quite
as much ot an attraction now as a fat
woman In a circus. I heard a feminine voice
behind me say : ,
"Is Brecklnrldge here ? "
"Yes , that white-haired man sitting near
the center of the democratic side Is Breckln
rldge. "
0-h , y-e-s , " said she. And there was a
whole volume In It.
H Is said that more than one fellow con
gressman had his pocket full of rocks to
throw at "Willie" at the time of that famous ,
or rather Infamous , trial , but they were
afrald , he would hit back 'and crack their
glass.
I watched and waited fdr a glimpse of
Congressman English , towhose ] sweet song ,
"Ben Bolt , " Du Maurler ! has , plvcn a fresh
boom. But his chair was.vacant , so I ex
amined that and thought of another little
rhyme , also quoted In TrUbj1 : j ,
A dirty bit of braiigc peel ,
The stump of i < .cI a"r ,
Once trod on by a princely heel ,
How beautiful they are !
It Is always resttut to visit the senate after
listening for an hour or two In the house an )
understanding little , If anything. The gal
leries are nearly always crowded. There Is
the man who alwajs Insists on sitting In the
end of the seat , obliging everjbody to climb
over him to get to the seat ? beyond. He Is
there , like Mason's glue , to stick ,
and nothing moves him till , encouraged
by the strong arm of the Irate doorkeeper ,
ho concludes that "It Is belter farther on"
and moves along to one of the dozen sittings
which have been successively , occupied and
vacated about seventeen , tlnfes since he pre
empted the corner seal. Sllck-to-lt-lveness
Is a valuable characteristic , but don't be too
stubborn If you have any dealings with
a senate doorkeeper. Say anything you
please to the senators , but beware of the
doorkeeper as you would a vicious bull dog.
The gallery wiseacre Is always close at
hand and anything you would Ilka to know
from the shape of Thomas Jefferson's nose
down to John Sherman's ruffled shirt bosom
ask him. He will tell you that It Is easier
for a camel to go through the eye of a
needle than It Is for a poor man to get into
the United States senate , the highest legisla
tive body of our liberty loving republic
That the veteran assistant doorkeeper , Cap
tain Bassett , was appointed a page by Danle
Webster and has been there continually ever
since and that Incidentally ho has slapped
Gorman's Jaws many a time.
That the bald-headed gentleman sitting In
the rear thoughtfully twirling his well-
trained mustache Is John M. Thurston , the
senator .elect from Nebraska.
That Senator Hill Is not going to marry
Mrs. Hearst.
That Allen of Nebraska talked fourteen
long hours on the silver bill and that when
he had exhausted himself and the subject al
the people said amen.
That Vice President Stephenson and Gal
linger of New Hampshire look like twins.
That the oldest Inhabitant cannot remem
ber a beard of such marvelous length
breadth and thickness as that whtoh adorns
the physiognomy of Senator Peffer of Kan
sas.
sas.That a senate cuspldore Is not consluerec
"Irrelevant , Incompetent nor Immaterial'
and that long contlnue'd practice and per
elstence coupled with a knowledge- the
laws of natural philosophy enable the mem
bers to hit the above named receptacle
square In the face.
That the senators live too high , drink too
much and die of the gout ; that U Is al
vanity and vexation of spirit.
Reviewing the personnel of the two houses
of congress from the time of Jefferson , Clay
Adams , Webster and others of the Immor
tal minority and remembering as well the
vast number whose deeds are forgotten am
whoso memory Is but dust , we Involuntarily
exclaim with one of our beloved American
"Ah8'mo ! we oft know not till over late
What things are truly small and what are
" v
irreat
b LAURA E. MERROW.
THE WORST OF PLANTS.
Its Juice Causes a UUeiuc that Softool the
Hours.
Captain Casson of the British bark Cuplca
while at Astoria , on his way out to sea from
Portland , gave a Pofllana News reporte
'
some Interesting facts | 'n regard to the gagu
plant and the terrlbleieffectj It has on the
natives of the Gauptll lsUnd- here it grows
Captain Casson Is anHuttibHty on matters
pertaining to the Solltjti Sea Islands. Ii
speaking of the gagusjpkflfc Captain Casson
said : ' " I
"It Is a specie of c4clu , and , as I said
grows only , to my knowlec/ge / , on the Gauptl
Island , The Island Is aj/ruljl / one , but Is wet
populated by natives of tthq , Malay race. In
the Interior this plant growtiwlld. flourishing
especially In the red , Iroeky soil. It looks
beautiful when growing } * am you may Judge
by the bright hues with which It Is spoiled
Opium is a potent drug. Ihut I am certain
that thd extract front the * g gus plant Is
calculated to do more damage to the human
system. The natives cut the plant In the
early spring. After they have gathered a
sufficient quantity , they put It In large bowls
and crush It with huge stones.
"A grayish sap runs out freely , and this
they collect and drink , alter letting It fer
ment , which It does easily. Within half an
hour after Imbibing It the drinker becomes
perfectly stupUl , and lies around like a log
The spell lads a day or more , during whlcl
time the natives say they live In paradise. 1
have known sailors to try It , but never twice
Three years ago I had a man In my crew
who was driven crazy by one drink. The
first effect of the liquor Is to soften the
bones and gradually eat them away. There
are natives there , the victims of gagus , who
are Indeed boneless and unable to walk or use
their limbs. Then they begin to wither away ,
until they die In misery and convulsions.
Usually two years will finish the hardiest
man. The Bufferings ot the slaves to the
drink are terrible. "
THE EDUCATIONAL WORLD
Umaikablo Growth of the National Edu
cational Aesooiatiou.
GREAT EPOCHS IN ITS H STORY
lencrous mill Judicious Ueitonrnt of Ktla >
rational llouiitj Vlewi of Cliauiiccy
on Collect Training
KilucMtlunal Xotet.
The National Educational association now
mldlng Its annual convention In Denver Is
ho largest and most Influential organization
ot Its class In the world. Founded , for the
lurpose of elevating the character and ad
vancing the Interests ot the profession of
caching , It has rallied to Us standard not
only the leaders , but the rank and file ot the
profession. And It Is growing In numbers
and Influence every year.
The present organization Is the offspring
ot the National Teachers association of Phila
delphia and was organized In 1857. At Its
first meeting ten states were represented by
scattering delegates. At Its Denver meeting
e\ery state and territory Is represented , the
otal number In attendance approximating 20-
000. Throughout the hl&tory of the National
Educational association Its object has been
icpl constantly In view and strltcn for by
the best schoolmasters ot the country. Its
proceedings have grown from a pamphlet of
thirteen pages recording the meeting ot 1859 ,
two years after organization , to the bound
volume of 1,071 pages recording the meeting
ot 1S94 at Asbury Park. While ( ho associa
tion Is generally loolcpd upon as the suc
cessor of the National Teachers association , In
reality , at the meeting of 1870 , It aUo ab
sorbed the American Normal association and
.he National Superintendents association. Its
tilttory , however. Is to bo considered as be
ginning with the organization In 1S57 at
I'hlladelphla , for which the call was Issued
by D. 1J. Hagar. Then , as now , be was
principal of the Normal school at Salem ,
Mass. These published reports present every
Important movement and advance and reform
In the educational history of America from
1S57 down to the present , with the opinion
of experts upon all issues. They show the
[ mmeiuo power which the association has
wielded In the educational world , for scarcu
a change which has made American schools
a model but has had its start , after careful
consideration , In the National Educational
association.
The real boom In association Interest and
membership began at the meeting In Madison ,
WIs. , In 18S4. At Saratoga the previous year
the association found Itself deeply In debt.
Public spirited educators among Its member ;
had advanced money , until the limit seemed
to have been reached. With the hope that
his energy and ability would lift the organiza
tion out of Its financial embarrassment ,
Thomas J. nicknell of Massachusetts was
elected president. The meeting was fixed for
Madison , WIs. Mr. Ulcknell took off his coat
and set to work. He traveled the country
over arousing Interest among the teachers
He arranged the excursion plan which has
slnco proved to successful. In July , at Madi
son , ho had his reward In facing at least 6,000
school teachers. *
"To accomplish the results manifest In this
gathering of at least 6,000 educators from
all parts of our own and foreign lands , " he
said , "I ha\e had the constant and hearty
co-operation of every officer and member In
the performance of the work entrusted to
me. I spared neither time nor strength. In
Its Interests within the past twelve months
I have traveled more than 12,000 miles. My
personal expenses I wish to contribute to the
association. "
Since then the affairs of the National Edu
cational association have enjoyed a good old-
fashioned boom. Its detjts , were. paid. It
began to accumulate money , and now has a
permanent fund amounting to nearly $50,000.
In the past two years It has paid out nearly
$5,000 as the expenses for the committee of
ten , and the committee of fifteen , whose
work Is one great topic for discussion In th3
world of school teachers. It prints and dis
tributes to members copies of the proceed
ings of the annual meetings , forming a cycle
paedia of great value. It gives teachers an
nually an outing at one-halt the cost It would
otherwise be , and It brings together all the
great schoolmasters of the day for an ex
change of Ideas. At the Chicago meeting
In 1887 the attendance , Treasurer McNeil es
timated , was about 14,000. Twelve thousand
went to the Toronto meeting. At Asbury
Park last summer , In the midst of the serious
railway troubles , 7,000 educators assembled
OUR COLLEGES.
The general Impression produced by the
commencement day reports from all over
the country , fays the New York World , Is
that we have a great many colleges In this
country , and that they are turning out a
great many graduates. The Impression Is not
erroneous. The Increase in the resources ol
higher education In the United States during
the last thirty years Is one of the most
prominent features of our national develop
ment. While the other nations of the civi
lized world have been standing still or at
best moving slowly In the mutter of college
growth , we have passed them with a rush
until we now head the list In the number ol
colleges , the number of students and the
amount of endowments devoted to this worthy
object.
Not only Is this growth highly creditable
to the educational spirit of the ago , but there
Is one feature of It which distinguishes I
from the collegiate history of Europe and
which Is worthy of special attention. This
Is the fact that while we have quite a num
ber of well endowed and thriving state unl
versltles , the larger number of our colleges
and the greater endowments represent the
voluntary gifts of the private friends o
education. This Is true of no other country
Nowhere else is wealth so generous and so
judicious In Its bestowal of bounty. The en
dowments given to colleges by citizens of the
United States In the past thirty years far ex
ceed In amount all that has been given for
the same purpose by all the rich men In al
the great countries of the world In all his
tor } ' . Nothing llko It has ever been seen.
With such an origin and such a history
our colleges must be typical and genuine
American Institutions. Their foundations
must bo deep down In our national life , the !
strength Is a part of the strength of the na
tlon , and they are yet In their early youth
Our great universities are really the crea
tlon of the past thirty years. If the re
cent rate of growth Is maintained , as It ha
every promise of being , another generatloi
will make us the most profoundly as we )
as the most widely learned nation the worli
has ever known.
WHAT THEY STUDY AT YALE.
An Interesting table has been prepared
showing the hours of Instruction devoted to
different studies by the class ot 189C In th
academic department of Yale ( which wll
graduate next year , but whoso schedule o
electives Is now made out ) , and the class o
1892 , which graduated as ' 00 entered. From
this It appears that the classics still lead
Indeed , they make nearly one-fourth of th
work of 1896 , but they were an much abov
a quarter for 1892 as they are below It fo
1896. European languages are practically In
the same ratio for the two classes. Math
ematlcs take a noteworthy and comforting
drop from 14.8 per cent to 9.8 and from second
end place to fifth. Political science ad
vances from 7.G to 9.8 and English happily
moves up from 8.5 to 10.9. History gains
too.
Following Is the schedule In detail :
1 6. 1892
StudlfH- J > er ct. Per ct
Ancient lanKua fs 23.1 27.
Uuroixun lunguuitcs 14.2 1(0
History J2.S 99
Knclisli , 10 < t H
Mnlh < matlca 8 141
I'olitlrnl science , 08 7.6
J'hlloKOphy KG 8
( Natural pclrnce , , , 81 8.7
llililcal literature . .18 0
Art 0.5
Military science 02 . .
MuBto 0.2 02
1'liyBlcal culture , 0.1 . .
DEPEW ON EDUCATION.
"Do you believe , " asked an Interviewer o
Chauncey Depew , "that the college grad
nates of today are better trained than tVios
of forty or fifty years ago7"
"Yes , " was the reply , "In most thlngt
nut In one respect the graduates of 1895 nr
far behind those of 1855. Few ot the boy
who will leave college this year will bo gooc
talkers. They may be as good thinkers a
those who were graduated four decades ago-
better , for all I know. They may be abl
to grasp business and scientific problems as
readily , but they will not. bo nearly so ca
pable of telling what they know or what
hey think as the older chaps. Why I Be-
atiso of the decline of the debate s a means
t training. There were debating soclellti
n college when I was a student , and all
ho brainiest men belonged and took part
n the discussions. Nowaday * few college
Indents would think ot stooping to low as
o belong to a debating society or ot en
gaging In a set dlscusilon of any problem.
regard this aa a national calamity , which ,
io\\e\yr , Is mitigated to some extent by the
act that , while the debating clubs have
> oen piactlcally abandoned by the college
toy , It has been taken up by the working-
nan , who , by Its use , as ho could by nether
ther means , Is clarifying tils mental vision
s to certain matters. In England thcro
s more of this than here , for o\er there
nock parliaments , before which current
oplcs In politics , morals and economics are
laboratcly discussed , arc held In every town ,
t Is a good flgn when the people of any
ountry begin systematically to debate on
urrent affairs. They sometimes take up the
\ronK side , but that docs no liarm In the
eng run. People had better be mistaken
han not to think and discuss , since thought
ml honest discussion are sure , sooner or
liter , to set them right.
"As to the advantage of a college training
n actual over } day business and professional
Ifc , " Mr. Dcpcw went on , "there Is this
o say : Some exceptionally strong men
here be > . In the aggregate , Indeed , n great
nany ot them , who seem to gc { through
Ifo as well without the Knowledge and train-
Vg to bo acquire * ! at college ns If a full
course had been taKen. Yet It Is my opinion
hat these men , even those ot marked suc
cess , would have done better had they been
college trained. They might not have risen
ilghcr , but tlio rlso would probably have been
asler , and , on the whole , more satisfactory
o them. To the average man tlie college
course Is extremely valuable. Jt teaches
ilm how to use his mental powers , how to
eason from cause to effect and bnck again ,
low to concentrate Ills energies , how to adapt
ilmselt quickly to suddenly changed condi
tions. Whoever would succeed In real life
mist get this training somehow , and , In my
udgment , It Is better to get It In college
han while 'sweeping out the office. ' If the
sweeper out' gets ahead of the college
> oy In business. In his profession or
n public affairs depend upon It
t Is because of superior native ability
mrder work or greater endurance. It Is In
spite of the lack of college training not be
cause of It. I know that , as a rule , the
great corporations of today choose heads of
lepartments mostly from the ranks of col-
ego graduates holding subordinate places , not
iccaiisc of the mere possession of diploma ;
jy the graduates , but because the college
nan so often displays more ability , sounder
reasoning , better judgment and quicker de
cision. Dut the young man who cannot get
to college should not be discouraged by this
state of things ho should work and study
all the harder. "
rdnrntlonnl Norm ,
Harvard has Just given Its diploma to 678
; raduates , Yale to C7G and the University of
Michigan to C91. Never before were thpre
so many college-bred men and women In the
world as today.
Eton , the most famous of Rrlllsh public
schools , now has 1,019 students. Among
them are four earls and seven eldest sons of
peers.
At the recent commencement of Johns Hop-
< lns university two gifts were announced In
memory of the late Prof. George Huntlngton
Williams , who was a son of Hobert S. Wll-
lams of Utlca. Mrs. Mary Wood Williams ,
his widow , gave a sum sufficient to establish
a lectureship In commemoration of her hus-
jand , and the trustees of the university have
nvlled as the first lecturer Sir Archibald
Gelke of London , director of the Gcologlc.il
survey of Great Britain and Ireland and one
of the most eminent of UN Ing geologists. On
the same occasion a fine oil portrait of Prof.
Williams was presented to the university
by a memorial committee , repiesentlng Dr.
Williams' former students and colleagues.
The latest catalogue of Harvard university
records the names of 19,335 graduates , of
whom 10,179 are living , Dr. Furness of Phil
adelphia being the senior alumnus. Four
classes , 1821 , 1824 , 1S5 and 1830 , are extinct.
A count of nil the degrees granted by the
college since Its foundation sums up 22,260
and one of the latest of them Is that of A.
M. conferred upon Joseph Jefferson , the
actor.
New York pays her principal teachers just
$4,000 a year. No other city In the union
pays as much. Boston pays $2,800 to her
best high school teachers.
Miss Ida A. Morgan , a young woman of
negro blood , has been rejected for a place In
the schools of Providence solely on account
of her color.
o .
MEN AND THEIR BEARDS.
Siime Deductions iligurdlni ; the Mustucho
a-iil M Imkcrs.
If there Is ine sign of manliness that a
boy admires more than another It Is a beard
and probably no better preventive of the
cigarette habit could be found than to con
vince him that the use of tobacco checks the
growth of the beard. But with his admira
tion for the beard , says the New York Sun
ho also cherishes hankering for shaving
There are men who have reached mature
years , proud of being able to say that a razoi
has never touched their face , but few can
make this boast. On the contrary , the lads
are In a hurry to begin shaving , and the
father who shaves hlmielf Is not always rlgh
when he accuses tome one of cutting corns
with his best razor ; It Is quite possible thai
the edge may have been dulled by the flrsl
effrfrts of his son at shaving. Other boys
who have made the barber's acquaintance as
they have gone from time to time to have
their hair cut gradually work their courage
up to the point of asking at what age shaving
Is usually begun. If the decision were lefl
to the barber It would be very early. Al
though at first a visit to the barber once a
month would be enough , the time will come
when the process must be repeated every
other day , and with some even dally. So
that the young man who begins by shaving
himself can save time and money.
A story Is told of a father's advice to a
daughter who , shortly before her marriage
asked what present would bo most sultabh
for her Intended. He handed her a five-
dollar bill and recommended that she Invest
It In a shaving outfit , saying that If usei
by her hutband both would benefit by It. It
would assure her much more of his society
and the time saved , If utilized In business
would help to make him a rich man. He
attributed his success In life In part to the
fact that he had always shaved himself.
No matter how a man wears his beard , he
Is generally of the opinion that the style he
has chosen Is Indicative of character , and , as
ho begins , so Jie Is apt to go through life
There are men who have the courage of thel
own conviction , and will make a change In
their way of wearing the beard , but no
many. As the mustache IB only a part o
the beard proper , and Is so commonly worn
that It attracts little or no attention , the lack
of one has come to be more noticeable. The
smallest mustache , particularly If Just com
Ing , has surely ono and sometimes two ad
mlrers. The owner , bearing In mind tha
early training has the most lasting effect
gives It great attention. He Is Its foremost
'
most admirer. It the development Is slow
he may have a sweetheart who la the second
end admirer , and to whom he can go foi
encouragement , but a sister , never.
Additional beard IB not common. Occa
slonally a gray haired man sticks to the eli
style of a 1'ttle tuft In front of his ear , ant
the goatee Is worn by some. This varies Ir
shape , from the smallest tuft on the unde
lip to something very elaborate reaching be
low the chin and twirled to a peak matching
the pointed mustache , and giving the Idet
of a three-pointed star. Locality often at
feels the style of beard. An expert at once
detects a countryman by a glance at hi
beard. If the wearer has long chin whisker
the expert says "Chicago. " The same bean
and mustache , with the ends bushy * ant
sunburned , brings out the word "Kansas.1
A clean-shaven chin , with the old-faihlonec
Burnsldes and a smooth upper lip , brand
Its owner as from Boiton or down east. /
person who Is very observing goes further
and Is apt to not only judge locality , bu
character as well , by the style of the beard
This , perhaps , Is going too far.
If a man with a smooth shaven chin has
very pretty dimple In It , It Is gate to assum
that the chin Is bared In order to show th
dimple. A smooth shaven face suggest
three associations the priest , the actor an
the convict. People at-joclato side whisker
with the professions and with old fashions
They give a judicial cast to the countenanc
and a look of severity , but there Is many
jolly old fellow who sticks to the old style
A man with a full beard may bo broai
minded and generous. Further than th
limits suggested by them Illustrations , th
beard affords Httle Indication of character.
COOPERATIVE HOME BUILDING
The Doming National Convention of Locn )
Association Men.
fOGRAM OF THE CLLVILAND MEETING
I'.vlctflnee of Prosperity UUplnyed by
Ainucluttoni Ihe Nobrntku't Jubilee
Hint Annual Meeting
Work liUonhnre.
The third annual meeting of the UnltoJ
States League ot Local Building and I-can
associations will be held In ClcvelanJ , be
ginning July 21. Four sessions will bo held ,
two each on the 21th and 2Dth , whllo tha
2Cth will bo given d\er to an excursion and
banquet arranged by the local association * .
The meeting promises to surpass prectdliig ;
conventions In attendance and tango of topic *
discussed. The membership has Increased
during the year , which Injures representation
from nearly every state In the union. Ne
braska Is one ot the now membcis ot the
National league and will bo represented by
twd or more prominent association men. Mr.
0. M. Nattlngcr of this city Is down on the
program for an address on "Truth Stranger
than the Prospectus. "
Among the notable association men booked
for addresses and papers are Messrs. D.
"Eldrcdgo of Boston , president of the league ;
Julius Stern , Chicago ; Seymour Dexter , 151-
mlra , N , Y. ; Marcctlus Coggan , Maiden ,
Mass. ; J. 13. Huffman , New Orleans Mlclucl
J. Brown. Philadelphia ; Hev. Clurles F.
Dale , Boston ; Joseph H. I'alst , Philadelphia ;
James H. Payne , Clc\cland ; Will L. Finch ,
Cincinnati ; Joseph 1C. Gamble , Philadelphia ;
P. M. Endsley , Mlnncapol s ; Addis n 11. liurk ,
Philadelphia ; George L. Gould , MaUen.
Mass. ; Alexander Christie , New York City :
13. P. W. Williams , New Orleans ; S. Rufus
'Jones ' , Diyton , O. and Hobert Elliott ot Han-
nlb.il , Mu.
Every feature of the building association
io\ement , historical , practical and thcorett-
ul , will bo treated by these gentlemen , all
f whom have had years of experience In
his branch of co-operation , and their views
vlll bo of great value to all Interested In
.fsoclatlon work. Much Importance Is de-
ervediy attached to these meetings. They
irlng together many of the actl\o wo kcrs In
ho movement throughout the country , men
\ho have made co-operation a lite study.
iavo In a majority of Instances given to Its
levclopmcnt their time and attention gra-
ultously and are therefore competent to ud-
Iso and direct the les. ? experienced and
guard the movement against Innovations ot
liicstlonable worth. The proceedings of the
nnual meetings are published In pamphlet
orm and are a growing source of profitable !
nstructlon for association men.
THI3 NEBRASKA CELEBRATES.
The Nebraska association of Omaha com *
nemoratcd Its tenth annual meeting on tha
3d lust. In a substantial manner. Its first
cries of stock , Issued In August , 18S5.
reached maturity and were cashed as raplJlyi
as presented. An exceptional feature of the
Nebraska's jubilee was the fact that the
reasury had an abundance of cash to redeem
ho ninety-nine unpledged shares In force.
These shares required nearly $ 'JO,000.
Since Its organization the Nebraska has
loaned $140,336. Cancellations and repay-
nents have brought this total down to $5S-
799 at the present time. This sum anJ 999
shares In force forms the foundation ot the
association's btrength at the beginning ot
Is second heat. To this bhould bo added tha
experience gilned by the managers , who , ten
yearn ago , began their duties with an cm- '
[ Hrrassmcnt of Ideas and a paucity of experi
ence. The success of the experiment formed ;
the text of Mr. J. W. Carr's address at the
annual meeting. Very properly , much of the
credit was awarded the late Fred J. Borth-
wlck , the organizing spirit and for manyj
years secretary of the association. ! Mr. Car *
referred to the leniency shown delinquent b r-
rowers by the association , which liiHtltuled
foreclosure proceedings only as a last resort ,
and whllo that leniency was abused la sonia
Instances , lie contended that the error , If 1C
bo one , was In the Interest of humanity and ;
the home. The speaker urged that In future )
the managers Insist on prompt payments by ]
all shareholders , so lhat promptness will
not , as in the past , bear the losses accruing
from delinquency. If such a policy had been
pursued during the life of the first scries
the shares would have matured in 10S pay *
ments Instead of 119.
The clecllon of three members of thef
board of directors resulted In Ihe choice ot
A. L. Stonecypher , S. R. Innls and A. { ? .
Walcott. The meeting was largely attended !
and qulto enthusiastic. Among the reforms
Instituted were the abolition ot loan prem'umg
and bidding for priority.
ASSOCIATION NOTES.
The Omaha has closed Its accounts for tha
past six months and will declare a sei
annual dividend early next week. The ne
Income for the first half ot the year wa
$3,593.09. Loans now amount to $110,000 , at
gain of $27GGO In six months , and a sub- '
stanllal Increase over the preceding six !
months. The receipts for Iho half year wera
$42,460.96. Of this sum , withdrawals took )
$13,552.21. The Increase In loans and deJ
crease In withdrawals , coupled with the In
crease In membership and shares in force , are
gratifying evidence of Improving times.
The eighth annual report of the Schuylen
( Neb. ) association shows total receipts o
$171.971.72. Of this sum $97,250 was loaned ,
$36,825.27 was paid In redemption of shares/
flGi37.79 ! remained In the treasury , and !
$3,73S.C1 represents all costs ot management }
for eight years a remarkable exhibit ot
economy. The association Is fortunate In
having a very email per cent of real estate )
on Its hands , this Item being only $3,932.13.
The association has 747 shares of stock In
force and has a reserve fund of $1,200.
Loans now In force amount to $69,800. .
There are 747 asoclatlons In Ohio with as *
cits aggregating $86,000,000. The average )
age of the associations Is 8 % years and the
oldest Is only 28. There are 255,828 share
holders In the state and last year they paid
In a fraction over $36,000,000 In dues , de
posits and for paid up stock. Ot the total
membership 67,288 ore borrowers.
Solicitors for building and loan association !
pay a license of $10 per annum In Florida.
A Utilnfuctlnir Perfume ,
M. Vlllou of Paris , as related In the Newn
York Herald's European edition , has deviled
a method for disinfecting the sick room by
perfumes. He prepares special sachets ca
pable of diffusing the perfume with whlctf
they are charged In any kind of a recepta
cle. All that Is needed Is to nlare two ot
these sachets In a receptacle containing a
little water. (
The perfume ( essence of violet , rose , Jas
mine , etc. ) , Is mixed with oxaloticc'iarla
acid and enclosed In a sachet tlat 'b colored
white. A second , colored blue , ccntains dry ,
bicarbonate of soda. These substances mix
when the sachets are soaked In water , liber
ating carbonic acid gas , which dMuies the
perfume around the room. Sarlicts with
oxygen as a basis can be prepared by placing
powdered permanganate uf u.v.isli , n one and
blnoxlde of barytum In the othr. /
The medical writer ( ays : I
"The process can be applied either In
therapeutics or hygiene. The sachet haf
merely to be treated with medicil mencea
or any volatile unbalance to set tree a con
stant supply to satura'o the atmosphere. IrJ
which the patient lives. " ,
'
ZOO
SOAP
FLOATS
JA8. S. KIRK & CO. , U S. A
Ar
' * K-rlUtt DUrnond Urma.
ENNYROYAL PILLS
Orlfliml d Omlf Ucnulur.
rc , ! * ; idlitiU. utoii * tik .
rufctM f r CftleAMttri fnftUk It * * f
onrflo Itcd U > 4 UM tutullleV
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