THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : FKIDAY , MAY 3 , 18t)5k
ECKELS TALKS ON CURRENCY
People Etoaltl Bo Aroasecl to tbo Banger of
tHe Situation ,
SILVER PROPAGANDA GOING ON
tan not Isolate Oiirirlven from Other
Commercial Ni tlon Confidence
t ; cutlnl tc. ItmlncM
I'roiperllf ,
DirmotT , Mich , May 2. Upward of 330
leading business men af Detroit , with their
quests ot the evening , enjoyed the banquet
given at the Hotel Cadillac tonight In cele
bration ot the completion and dedication of
lie new Detroit Chamber ot Commerce . After
upward of an hoi'r's discussion of the elab
orate menu , the company listened to able
discussions of Interesting subjects by promi
nent men. The guests were welcomed by
Hufus W. Glllett , president of the Detrlot
Chamber of Commerce , and Thomas W.
I'almcr presiding happily as toast master.
The first toast was eloquently responded to
liy Hon. W. C. Maybury of Detroit. Ills
subject was : "No North , no South , no East ,
no West , but the Commercial Supremacy ot
n Great Nation. "
"Cummerco of the Inland Seas" was ro-
rponded to by Harvey 13. Oouldor , chief
counsel of the Lake Carriers' association.
COMMI3UCH A BOND OF UNION.
In opening Mr. Depcw said that while
Intilncss men might differ politically , the
.various chambers ot commerce ) considered
only the questions affecting commerce upon
recognized principles of commercial pros
perity , the Immutable laws of trade , saying :
"Thus It Is thai the commerce of the United
Blutea Is the ever strengthening bond ot
union of the commonwealths which consti
tute the republic. "
Ho referred to the necessity for the asso
ciation of Interests and capital ami said :
"There Is no more beneficent form of asso
ciations than those beards of trade and
chambers of commerce which are now estab
lished all over this country. There will bo
n central chamber of commerce In Wash
ington In which each ot these bodies will
liavc representation.
"When a business man becomes a member
ot congress the effort to spread himself over
this great country seems to so thin his
gray matter as to make him Incapable ol
bringing to the business of the nation the
r.amo common sense which made him succss-
ful at home. The most remarkable Illustra
tion of this Is the congress that has Just
adjourned. Instead of relief we had a babel
of propositions , , which only added to the
general confusion and mndo tlio day of the
adjournment of congress a day ot national
thanksgiving. The National Chamber of Corn-
msrce would bo a Kindergarten on economical
questions for the Instruction ot the mem
bers of congress. "
The speaker went Into details on the
freight rates of the world , showing that Ir
this country the rate question was only one-
third that of Kurope. Continuing ho said
"The Internal commerce of our country
makes It the most wonderful market evei
known. Our Internal commerce Is so vasl
that the sum of the traffic of Home wher
flho commanded the world , of Genoa wher
8ho was queen ot the Mediterranean , ol
Venice when she commanded the seas , an
but as rivulets to the 'Father of Waters. '
"Wo will always and must always avoli
complications In European and Asiatic poll
tics , but no foreign power can exercise hos
tile authority In Hawaii or Central Amerlc :
or Mexico or our sister republics of thi
touthern hemispheres without receiving froir
us protest and resistance.
CONFIDENCE BEGETS 1'IcOSI'EUITY.
"How are we to preserve our prosperity'
With confidence a business ot Incalculabli
magnitude can get along with very llttl (
currency ; without confidence there Is no
enough ihoney In the world to conduct tin
business of the United States. Wo have
been at the bottom , and wo ore on the up
grade of prosperity. We should have a rev
enue system so well defined that It coukl
not bo disturbed , except In minor details , foi
i generation. While not discussing the tarlfl
or free trade , we should have a revenue sys
tem which will most the requirements of tin
government , and to support It without dlrec
taxation.
"The United States Is a debtor national
municipal , railway and Individual , to tin
extent of about $14,000,000,000. Of this one
third Is held abroad. A well defined policj
to pay our debts at 75 cents , or nt 50 cents
on the dollar would lead to $2,000,000,000 01
$3,000,000,000 of our securities coming hoim
for us to take. The presentation of then
In our markets would endanger the stablllt ]
of every Industry , derange every exchange
and paralyze every business In the Unite
States. There can bo but ono standard o
value , and that Is a metal which will brliij
the same price whether It Is In bar or ha
the stamp of the government upon It. 1
dollar must bo worth a hundred cents any
wheru In the United States , and a liundroi
cents anywhere In the world. "
"Tho Effect upon Commerce of Pooling b ;
Transportation Lines" was responded to b ;
George H. Blanchard , commissioner of th
Central Traffic association.
Hon. O. I ) . Ashley , president of th
IWabash railroad , responded eftectlvly t
"Commerco and Transportation , One and In
separable. "
TIME TO AWAKE.
In responding to the toast , "The Currency,1
Comptroller Eckels said :
It Is Impossible within the brief limits of
conventional otter dinner address to do mor
than touch upon the sentiment which has jus
been announced , and to which I am asked t
respond. I shall , therefore , content mysel
wltti giving expression to such general view
as seem to me to bo pertinent to a slngl
phase of the currency question , as It toda
engages public thought and commands th
people's attention. I am sure all will agre
that It Is the most Important problem wit
which the executive ami legislative branche
of the government have now to deal , and a
Buch , demands that there be brought to bea
to Its solution n statesmanship as wise as I
,11 patriotic , and as honest as It Is wise. I
Involves too great Interests and is too fat
reaching In Us effects to be considered fror
any other standpoint than the deslro to rcac
Biich conclusions as will work out the bes
results to this land , In which the weJltl
tha happiness , the aspirations of ever
patriotic American center.
Its discussion has bwn precipitated at
time when the country Is emerging ; from
period of financial and commercial depression
widespread and ot long continued duratlor
It finds every avenue ot trade giving cvldenc
of renewed activity ; mill and factory agal
in operation and agriculture promising t
those engaged In Its pursuit , abundant hai
vesta and appreciating prices. It presses It
telf upon the laborer now no longer idle
but busy with the employment which ha
come with the settlement of questions wlilc
have long vexed the public mind , and nftc
ample demonstration of the ability of th
government to maintain unstinted the publl
faith and the nation's credit. It under sue
circumstances the cause of those who stan
against the schemes proposed to rid by mean
of law a people from making proper paymer
of their just debts , ami give them rlche
through legislative action cannot be sustalnei
the experience of all monetary history wl
bo reversed. If this contest shall end othci
wise * than In the triumph ot that which I
right In theory and sound In principle It wl
l > 3 because * the American people have lei
much ot that good eenso and honesty whlc
great writer declared , though sometime
permitting an agitation for something wren
find mltchlcvous , always when the dangi
point Is reached brings forth a mass of oplr
ton , which , though ordinarily quiescent , 3
Buch time forces Itself Into activity , pu
dawn the wrong thing and peremptorily di
runds the right thing Instead.
COMPLETE CHANGE OF STANDARD.
I believe wo have come to a point In th
discussion of our monetary system and agltt
tlon for a complete change In our etandai
et value , when this mass of opinion shoul
Riot only be aroused but should make Use
an active force In putting an end to the cm
jency vagaries of which the frea silver movi
? nent as today presented IB the culmlnatloi
If commercial an I Industrial revival Is to coi
iinue ; recurring loss to every citizen pn
vented ; national and Individual financial cred
And Integrity maintained and ultimate dlsi
ter averted , there muit bo no longer a splr
if hesitation In those who know the banefi
Iffects of the thing proposed. There can t
po political cuds to b * strved , no party coi
eldpratlons to bo advanced , ot sufficient Im
port to warrant any man In long debating
11 to the position hi should take when the
financial honor ot his country Is at staks and
the prosperity of a. great people threatened.
Hero , at least. Is no room for party and no
place for the machinations ot designing poll-
tlclani or arrant demagogues.
The American people cannot too quickly
recognize that they are In the midst of a
propaganda , skillfully and zealously being
carried on , with tha end In view ot revolu
tionizing the country's existing monetary sys
tem. Those who now direct the free silver
Ides , map out the policy of Its advocates and
control tholr actions have ceased playing
with words and put ( rein them the profcsilons
which heretofore have characterized their
Iterances when urging thu cause for which
hey have stood. Their demand today , In-
rpreted In the light of their acts , Is that
he United States shall at once abandon Its
resent standard of value and substitute
he re for , Irrespective and without the co-
pcratlon of any other country , a single sli
er standard. Nowhere Is It suggested by
he sponsors for this latest tenet In the silver
reed that this nation shall even undertake
o maintain at horns a double standard. No-
liere Is their promise given ot an attempt
hrough International agreement to make
very dollar of silver which shall be coined
ho equal In value of every dollar of gold
hlcli conies from the mint and fairly Intcr-
hangeahlo tlirrculth.
CANNOT ISOLATE OURSELVES.
They no longer give recognition to the
ct , attested ly every monetary union form'd
nd conference held , that no nation can Iso-
atc Itself from those with which It has csm-
norclal dealings , and maintain , Independent
f .them , a distinctive standard of value. It
s not even designed that the dollar coined
hall approach In Intrinsic value the value
ch It purports to carry , but Instead a
atlo shall exist between coins of the same
enominatlon which Is patently In-
: orrect and untrue. The position
, \hlch they now assume , of
ecess'ty ' eliminates from their ranks all
, vlio heretofore have struggled to bring about
larger use of sliver In the country's currency
at an Increased ratio , and drives Into the
camp of the opposition every honest champion
of International bimetallism. The plan laid
Is of their own making ; the Isiue ot their own
choosing , and In the fac ? of their acts the
believer in a standard of both gold and sli
er should give them neither aid nor succor.
They challenge the ono and repudiate the
other , and from both should come a united
opposition.
The contention which li now made by the
single silver standard adherents reduced to
ts last analysis Is silver flatlstn pure and
simple. It differs In degree only and not In
principle from the contention of twenty
years ago of the advocate of the unlimited
ssue of Irredeemable greenbacks , and from
that of tlio Issuer of the flat currency ot the
period ot the continental congrets , and the
era ot colonialism. It finds counterpart In
the arguments ot the French revolutionists
who bankrupted the citizens of France with
their millions ot worthless asslgnats and
mandats. It resembles the reasoning of
King Alexis ot Russia , when , more than three
centuries ago , he Impoverished his subjects
and fomented clvl ( strife by undertaking to
force upon them copper copecs of the same
form and value as a substitute for silver
ones.
MEDIUMS BORN OF NEED.
It Is the theory of the socialist and popu
list applied to monetary science. It Is based
upon the belief In what has been aptly termed
"the all powcrfulness" of the state , and Is In
utter disregard of that great fact In financial
history that mediums of exchange and stand
ards of value did not find their origin In
law , but were born of the needs of trade
and commerce. They came Into use through
no legislative action save that which was
wrought In the great parliament of commerce ,
and from then until now the enacted laws
ot councils and of congresses In violation of
the principles underlying them have failed
to control and regulate them. The end al
ways sought by commerc ? , the great arbiter
of every monetary systenn since the dawn of
civilization has been to have in every metallic
money such Intrinsic value as makes the un
stamped coin of the same value as a com
modity of merchandise as the stamped. It
1ms with equal rigor Insisted that In bank
currency there shall bo Immediate redemption
upon presentation In sound metallic currency.
It invokes In behalf ot the money which It
sanctions , and accepts no alchemist and be
lieves In no philosopher's stone. U has ,
throughout all the centuries , stood defiant
agalnstthe , errors of legislative bodies and the
wrongful edicts of kings , and acting upon the
principle that "value knows Its own laws and
follows them In spite of decrees and penal
ties , " has taken the coins of every country
for what they are Intrinsically worth and not
for what the legal stamp represents thorn to
be worth. The commercial world has wltli
unvarying precision drawn the true distinction
which exists between true value In a nation's
currency and the sign of value * afllxcd to It ,
and standing upon that line of demarcation
It has b-en as Indifferent to the laws of greal
nations as of small.
CONFIDENCE IS ESSENTIAL.
Those who represent. In this splendid city ,
the Interests of commerce , cannot afford tc
be unmindful of the condition which con
fronts them. If the standard of value upon
which all commercial transactions are tiasei :
Is made uncertain by any experimental legis
lation , It capital becomes alarmed and credll
once more restricted , the magnificent temple
which has been here dedicated to the uses
of commerce , where faith ts wanting in r
country's medium of exchange and tradln ;
reduced to mere betting. The question tc
which the friends ot the maintenance of ;
medium ot exchange of unquestioned am
unquestionable value , must address them'
selves Is not how to temporarily defeat tin
advocates ot free coinage of silver as the )
now present It , but how to permanently In
sure the country against the danger whlcl
would flow frcm cbrystallzlng Into law an ]
monetary suggestion which Is based In wholi
or In part upon the doctrine of flatlsm. Sue !
result cannot be attained by either scofllnj
at their leaders or underestimating thi
sources of strength ot those who range them
selves under their banners. As long as thej
have the enthusiasm which springs from tin
belief In their lessening the woes of thi
debt-burdened classes to urge them to effor
and the encouragement of the timorous am
compromising In the rank of those who op
pose them , they will continue an active forci
In monetary agitation and an element li
American politics that warrants recognition
and sturdy opposition.
The forces ot fiat tllver currency , of Irre
deemable paper and their popullstlc allies cai
bo permanently eradicated as factors worth ]
of consideration and sources of dlsconten
and financial loss In but one way , and thai
lies through the gateway ot sound monetary
education. To this work the Individual am
the nation's good demands that In season am
out there be such labor performed as shal
at no distant day result In their being beatei
squarely upon the Issues for which they stain
and the country rid of the disasters attendan
upon their hope of ultimate success.
Letters of regret were read from Presldeni
Cleveland , ex-President Harrison and Sen
ator Burrows.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ni-UKVtK.V IS NOT I.X THE LIVT
Dcatha from Smtllpox In the Various
States l.mt Your.
WASHINGTON. May 2. A tabulated state
ment , the flrst published by the marine hos
pltal bureau , gives "tho number of deathi
from smallpox which occurred In each stall
and territory of the union during Uie ycai
1894 , us well as the number of cases. Death
were : Arizona , 1 ; Arkansas , 27 ; California
2 ; Connecticut , 17 ; District of Columbia , 6
HUnots , S77 ; Indiana , 10 ; Kansas , 7 : Ken
lucky , 1 ; Louisiana , 1 ; Maine. 1 ; Massa
chusetts , 23 ; Michigan , 84 ; Minnesota , 4
Missouri , 2 ; New Jersey , 12 ; Now York , 337
Ohio , 37 ; I'enniylvanla , 34 ; Rhode Island , 3
Tennessee , 1 ; Wisconsin , 253.
In several states the disease has beei
more virulent stnco the beginning of th
present year than tt was before.
1'iMtal CtmnRDi.
WASHINGTON , May 2.-Speclal ( Tele
gram. ) The postofllce at Buffalo , Wheelo
county , Nebraska , has been discontinued
Mall will co to Bartlett. Also the post
office nt Clyde , Banner county. Mall wll
go to Harrlsbure.
Postmasters were today commissioned a ;
follows : Nebraska Katharine Uubols , Ash
land , Summerfleld ; Tlgnor , Tate. Iowa-
John F. Huntlneton , Oakland ; John W
Walter , Valeria. South Dakota Julia M
Smith , Volga. _
Clirurelto Mnclilne.
WASHINGTON. May 2.-There was
contest before Commissioner Seymour yes
terday as to the- ownership of a patent fo
a cigarette making ; machine that Is wai
ranted to make t.OOO.OUO cigarette * a daj
The tobacco la spun out In an endless rep
and fitted Into an endless roll of paper , uu
Is then cut Into the proper lengths
PHENOMENAL DITCH DIGGING
The Chicago Drainage Canal and Its Bear
ing on the Omaha Project.
TIMELY SUGGESTIONS BY AN ENGINEE
What I"xiorlrncc | HIM Shown In the Incep
tion and J'rogrcM of tlio Work M r-
telom AppllnncFH tit Due nuil n
.Sni.ill Arm ? of Ma n I'mjiloycd.
CHICAGO , April 26. ( Special. ) Doubtless
the experience of the men who have had
charge ot the construction ot the Chicago
drainage canal would bo ot much value to
those who may direct the building ot the
power canal from the Plattc river to Omaha ,
but the difficulty Is to got a comprehensive
record ot the experiences ot the Chicago ofll-
ctals. Their work has been In progress tor
several years , and they hava already spent
about $12,000.000 , but It Is a remarkable tact
that they Issued no printed report ot their
work until recently. The reports ot several
officers for the year 1S9I have been published
In a sixty-page pamphlet. It Is largely com
posed of tables , showing how the trustees
pent $7,600,000 during that year. There Is
page summary , which Includes all expenses
p to 1895 , but beyond that there Is little
nformatlon about the work of last year ,
n the absence of printed records 0110 seek-
ng Information about this gigantic work
must go personally to the men who have
iuperlntendoj It.
Lyman 12. Cooley Is In ninny respects the
icst man for the purpose. He Is a civil engl-
ccr ot standing and has been associated with
he enterprise since the time of Its Inception ,
nd Indeed has been credited with suggesting
he project. He frankly admits that ho Is ot
sanguine temperament , and smiles Indul-
ently when he tells how people call him a
rank , but ho Insists no great enterprise was
vcr consummated unless thete was an op-
Imlst behind It. Mr. Cooley was for some
'cars ' connected with the government work
in the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers
nd was for two years stationed at Nebraska
Jlty. In speaking of the proposed Omaha
anal , he said :
MAKE IT A I'UDLIC AFFAIR.
"I have no doubt Omaha can get a great
vater power by tapping the I'latte rlvor , and
he soil Is such that It can be constructed at
a ccst surprisingly small In comparison with
he Chicago canal. As I iccill the ttpograp-iy
f the country , 1 presume Omaha can get a
'all ' of about 200 feet. I would like to say
Ms to Omaha people : Make the enterprise a
; > ubllc affair. Many years of study have
convinced me that there Is less stealing In
public enterprises than In private. I know
his Is contrary to the general opinion , but I
hlnk any man who will Investigate the finan
ciering of railways and water wj Xs will
agree with me. The rings on Un li side
grow fat on them , and while they m y k'ep
.vltliin the letter of the law , they in reality
rob the public , because the people are forced
o pay earnings on fictitious values.
"I would advise the men In charge of the
Omaha enterprise not to be too economical
n their allowance for preliminary engineer
ing expenses. The engineering work on the
lilcago canal has cost over $300,000 , but I
believe It would hav ? been less If a broader
view had ruled at the outset , and there
would have been large savings In other ways.
\Vo had In some sections Insufficient data as
to the character of the material to be ex
cavated , and when contractors found It more
difficult than was expected they threw up
their contracts. You cannot hold the bonds-
meu of a contractor In such case. The courts
hold that It Is the duty of the party of the
flrst part to give the contractor accurate In
formation ot the work on which he bids. If
ho bids on an uncertainty the transaction
partakes of the nature of gambling , and the
contractor can go Into a court of equity and
escape the penalty. That may be a point
worth knowing.
"In locating the route of the Chicago canal
a number of lines were surveyed , and the
final course was selected by a course ot elimi
nation. It takes In parts of several of the
surveys. Here In a point to bo remembered.
Every engineer has his own particular Idea
about a given undertaking , and , being human ,
he bends all arguments to bolster his plan.
Several engineers will produce a
variety of Ideas , and by propr
selection a better result can often
bo obtained. Ilewaro of the engineer who Is
cocksure of Ills estimates on a largo enter
prise. The wise engineer is seldom positive ,
because he knows there are too many uncer
tain quantities In the problem. The quack
In engineering , as In other professions , is
generally positive In his opinions. Men In
charge of big enterprises often Insist on haV'
Ing a positive assurance as to the cost , and
there Is danger in that fact. Wo have
learned some of these lessons very well ic
our experience with the Chicago canal.
THICKS OF LAND OWNERS.
"Don't advertise the exact route of the
Omaha canal very long before the right ol
way Is secured. There arc probably elab
orate provisions In the Nebraska law for con
demning a right of way , but the Ingenuity
of the schemes of land owners to blackmail
the enterprise will astonish the men In
charge. We found In some coses that a
number of land owners had formed a com
pact not to sell their land for less than an
agroeJ figure. It was our policy to buy the
right of way without going Into the courts ,
If possible , and In cases like those wo gen
erally succeeded In finding one land ownei
who would sell at a reasonable figure. Some ,
times wo could find several such. Wo woulc
use the prices paid them as evidence Ir
court , and generally after defeating ono suet
obstinate men In court , the others would
capitulate. There were other cases In which
the owner had sold a strip of his property tc
another individual on the pretense that li
was for a switch to a projected factory
and ho maintained that to crosi
It with the canal would dcstroj
a valuable right. Other men had
Imaginary factory sites on the canal right o
way , and still others wanted to plat town !
on It and enhance Its value. We found rea
estate men vary from $500 to $2,000 per ocn
In their valuation of land , and the tcmpta
tlon to bleed the public was BO great that thi
canal trustees went so far as to have a do
tectlve to watch the Juries In condemnatlor
suits to see that they were not Improporl :
approached. In two-thirds of the candemna
tlon suits the trustees cot the land for les ;
than they had offered the owners. The trus
tees had a committee from the Real Gstati
exchange to value the lands for them , am
their figures wore acceptable In the majorit ;
of cases. "
IMPORTANT LEGAL POINTS.
Many questions of law and equity wll
arise In the course ol the condemnation eland
land for the Omaha canal , and here agali
may Its managers draw on the experience o
those In charge of the Chicago enterprise
Following are brief abstracts , furnished b ;
the law department , of points determined li
the Illinois courts :
The sanitary district must , ot necessity , ti
a modified extent , bo allowed to determlm
for itself the quantity of land to be taken ti
be used for Its channel , but It has no rlgh
to abuse the power conferred or to taki
more lands than are reasonably neco < ? rv ti
be used In the construction and malntc.unci
of Its drains and outlets.
When the amount of land sought to bi
taken Is claimed to be In excess of a reason
able amount , the land owners will have tin
right to demand tbo production In court o
the plans and profiles of the proposed Im
provement.
It Is not proper for the Jury , when sen
out to view the premises sought to be con
demned , to go upon and view other tract :
of land In the same locality ; and the fall
uro of a party to object to the Jury Inupect
Ing other lands will not waive his objec
tlon.
tlon.Whero
Where no objection Is raised In the trla
ot a condemnation suit , that the petttlono
Is seeking to condemn an unnecessar ;
amount of land , the refusal of the court ti
require the production ot detailed plans am
specifications of the proposed Improvcmcn
Is not assignable as error.
In estimating the value ot land taken th
jury cannot consider Its capacity ot bclni
Improved by diking the adjoining river
where the effect of such diking would b
to overflow the land of others.
Chancery will not entertain a bill to spe
clfically enforce contracts relating to per
Banal property , nor contracts which , by tbo !
terms , call for A succession of acts , o
\Yhlch rcqulro protracted supervision and di
rection.
m
Under the practice 6T this state , objection
to the equity of a blllflAay bo made by an
swer , , /
The sanitary dlstHct , being a municipal
corporation , Is not aUbjtct to garntihment.
Where the statute/provides that contracts
for work shall bo let , , loathe lowest responsi
ble bidder , the determination as to whether
& bidder Is responsltntnrs an exercise ot of *
ficlal discretion which , , , bplougs to the board
ot trustees , and wfitcn , In the absence of
fraud , the courts will rim Interfere with.
UEdlNNINQ OF THR ENTERPRISE.
About ten years Biq , a series ot heavy
rnlns so .flooded the Chc/igo | river that It getup
up n current and carried the sewage out to
the water works cribs' In the lake , and the
people of Chicago had to boll their drink
ing water to purity U. A citizens' commit
tee began an Investigation and called In Mr.
Cooley as a professional adviser. The com
mittee concluded It nolslblo to construct a
system ot drainage with an outlet Into the
IIHInols river many miles to the south , and
the possibilities were presented In a report
to the city council. The council passed an
ordinance creating a commission to make an
official Investigation and appropriated $60,000.
The commission spent a year and a halt In
the work and reported In favor of the drain
age canal to the south. The city people
went to the legislature In 1S87 for the neces
sary legislation , but the country people south
of Chicago succeeded In having It killed.
The legislature of 18S9 passed a general law
under which the great drainage canal Is
being constructed ,
The law provides that G.OOO voters may
petition for the erection of a sanitary dls-
rlct. The county Judge Is directed to call
n two district court judges , who shall sit us
a board to hear evidence as to the proper
oundarles for the district. After that Is
determined the county judge must submit
at the following November election the ques-
Ion of establishing the proposed sanitary
district. If the proposition Is carried at the
; K > lls the county judge Is directed to call an
lection to elect nine trustees , whoso term
of office Is for five years. The salary Is llm-
ted to $3.000 a year , except for the presi
dent , who may receive $1,000. As soon as
his board organizes It becomes a corporate
body that may sue and bo sued , acquire and
sell property and make contracts.
The Chicago district Is Independent of city
and county political organizations. It in
cludes only that part of the city north of
Klghty-seventh street and about forty-three
square miles of Cook county outside of Chi
cago. It has full power to pass all necessary
ordinances , rules and regulations for the
proper management of the business of the
board and for carrying Into effect the ob
jects for which the sanitary district Is
formed. It may borrow money by Issuing
bonds to the amount of C per cent ot the
valuation of the property In the district , pro
viding the G per cent shall not exceed $15-
000,000. The trustees may levy and collect
taxes to the extent of one-half of 1 per cent
of the value of the taxable property within
the district. They are given full power tc
condemn needed land In the same manner as
the railroads under the state law for the
exercise of the right ot eminent domain.
DIMENSIONS OF THE CANAL.
A few facts about the Chicago drainage
canal will be of timely Interest for com
parison with the Omaha enterprise , thougl
It must be remembered that the lattci
will not bo nearly as extensive 01
costly on undertaking. Chicago's cana
Is to be thirty-three miles long
The right of way varies In width fron
600 to 1,000 feet , and the trustees havi
bought about C.COO acres ' for that purpose
The price has varied 'from $30 an acre foi
land In the country to $5,000 for property Ir
the city of Chicago , apd the total coU ha :
been approximately $2,500,000. Real cstati
values have been depressed by the hart
times , and It Is believed that quite $1,000,001
has been saved through the purchase ot lam
In hard times. The trustees have beei
forced to acquire 2,300 'acres by condemna
tlon , and have secured 4,200 by direct pur
chase. . \
The law requires that the channel shall b
of such size as will " 'produce and maintain a
all times a continuous ( low of not less thai
300,000 cubic feet of water per minute , am
to be of a depth of not less than fourtee :
feet and a current not'exceeding three mile
per hour ; and If nny portion of such channe
shall be cut through a..t rrltory with a rock
stratum , such portjon pf said channel shal
have double the flowing capacity above pro
vldcd for and a width of not less tlm
'
ICO feet at the bottom. capable of producln
a depth of not less than eighteen feet o
water. " This Is Intended to supply sufllcien
capacity for a city of 1,500,000. There Is
provision requiring the enlargement of th
canal by 20,000 cubic feet for each addltlonn
100.000 of population up to 3,000,000. Ther
Is also a provision requiring the capacity I
be Increased to 000,000 cubic feet per mlnul
whenever the national government shall lir
prove the Illinois and Desplalnes rivers I
such manner as will prmlt the passage i
vessels drawing less than eighteen feet. Th
provision was Inserted In the law with ti
hope that the government would seize tt
opportunity to use the drainage canal as tt
connecting link In a great ship canal brtwoe
Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river.
CHARACTER OF THE WORK.
The territory through which the can :
passes Is of two general formations , dcslf
natod as rock and glacial drift. The glacU
drift Is defined as the top soil , earth , mucl
sand , gravel , clay , hard pan , boulders , fras
mentary rock displaced from Its original bet
and other material that ovorlles the roc
bed. In the glacial drift the channel Is c
varying width , In some places as narrow e
110 feet at the bottom , while In rock
stretches It Is never less than ICO foot i
the bottom. The reason for this Is that th
dirt part of the channel can be enlarged c
any time In the future by dredging wlthou
Interfering with the use of the canal , whll
the cut In the rock Is made largo enough fc
a city of 3,000,000 and for navigation. C
course , this anticipation of future cond
tlons enormously Increases the cost ot th
work. The contracts for the excavation c
glacial drift vary from 19 9-10 cents pc
cubic yard to 5C cents. The cost of takln
out the rock ranges from 70 cents to $1.50.
Ground was broken on the canal 1
September , 1892 , and It Is thought the wor
will bo done in November , 1896. Contract
have bcn let for all the excavating , amouni
Ing to over 40,000,000 cubic yards. Th
whole volume of rock and earth thus remove
If dumped Into Lake Michigan In forty fei
ot water would make an Island ono ml
square , with Us surface eight lost itfjoii
the water line. The contracts aggregal
about $18,500,000. On January 1. 1895 , abo\ \
45 per cent of excavating had been dom
The cost of the canal proper had bsen est
mated at $21,000,000 , but there ara othi
necessary works , Interest on bonds , etc
that will probably bring the cost up to $27
000,000. For example , It was necessary t
construct a new channel for the Desplaim
river for a distance ot thirteen miles. Till
river Is a stream of wide fluctuations , wit
no constant and reliable fountain suppl
During some seasons Us whole dlsclmrj
would pass through a six-Inch pipe and i
others Its volume reaches 800,000 cubic fei
per minute. Then It floods the whole vallej
It was necessary to control this river befor
building the canal , end-that control was s <
cured by constructing , what Is known as th
river diversion chanfiel' , . which cost $ l,000,00i
This work Included tin building ot nlnetee
miles of dike to peparato the river froi
the drainage channprqnd the constructlo
of a spillway as a safety valve , to let tt
surplus water run toward Chicago until tti
drainage canal Is completed.
There are also yet/to'be / ' constructed bridge
and works at the southern end of the can ;
to control Its flow Into' the Desplalnes rlvi
at Lockport. The /li'er below that polr
follows the trough ) ot , the valley down
Beecham's pills arc for bilious
ness , bilious headache , dyspep
sia , heartburn.torpid liverdiz ,
ziness , sick headache.bad taste
in the mouth , coated tongue
loss of appetite.sallow . sktn.etc.
when caused by constipation
and constipation is the mos
frequent cause of all of them.
Go by the book. Pills 10 * mil
35 * a box. Book free at you
druggist's or write B. F. Allen Co.
365 Canal St. , New York.
Anna * ) lujiiorn thin 1 cr * > KO boiM.
teep declivity to tha canal basin at Jolltt ,
The fluctuations In Lafce Michigan will b
elt at the controlling works , and provision
must be made to meet these fluctuation *
within & rangu ot five tett above datum and
Ight teet below , or an extreme oscillation
if thirteen feet. The rail from datum at
he controlling works to the level ot tha
> astn will b about forty-four feet In A dlj-
anco of tour and one-third miles , and a
yslem of locks will b needed for navlga-
Ion. Up to January 1 , 1893 , the trustees
lad raised $12,780,000. This Included JJ-
:00,000 : from taxes and $3.000,000 from bonds.
They had expended about $11,500,000.
AN ARMY KMl'LOYED.
One may take another view ol the masnl-
tide of the work through the number of men
mployed on It. The drainage trustees have
00 men under their Immedlte employ , which
ncludes 112 In the engineering department.
The contractors last year bad an average of
over G.OOO men at work. The trustees had
no power to fix the wages of the employes
it the contractors , but they passed a resolti-
Ion expressing the sentiment that common
abor should not bo paid tcs ; than 16 cents
per hour , and the contractors accepted that
ate as fair. During the- labor disturbances
of last year there wore no strikes on the
canal. The trustees also arranged that con-
Factors should care for sick and Injured.
When smallpox appeared In this section all
the men on the canal were vaccinated. The
rustees organized a police force of about
fifty men , with eight horses and four wagons.
During 1S91 this force made nearly 1,000
nrrests , cared for twenty-seven dead , twenty-
seven sick and Injured and sent slxtc-en to
lospltals. This was In an estimated popu-
atlon ot about 8,000.
The magnitude of this work has ( purred
.he contractors to make cxperkmsnts In clevis-
ng machinery for cheapening the cost ot ex
cavation , and the Omaha canal will doubtless
get the benefit of their experience. Ths chief
engineer estimates that the contractors have
machinery and other equipments on the canal
of the value of $3,000.000. Much of this can
bo used In work elsewhere * . One firm has
two hydraulic dredges which are doing phe
nomenal work. In 8S2 working days they
excavated 1,538.000 cubic yards , an average
ot 1,732 yards per day. Others contractors
liavo a contrivance that resembles a canti
lever bridge. U Is CIO feet long , dumps soil
from a helghth ot ninety feet , and has an
estimated capacity of several hundred cubic
feet per hour. It has a series of steel pans
which are filled by gang- plows operated by
steam. It cost $32,000. Another contractor
uses compressed air and gets his power from
locomotive. Others employ systems of
cable cars.
The largest output for a single month was
n last August , when It amounted to 1,100.000
cubic yards of glacial drift and 41G.OOO cubic
yards of solid rock , calling for the payment
of $ GG5.000. The record made by the con
tractors on one section during the month of
July has probably never bw > n equaled In all
the ages since began to quarry stone.
Tbo movement on that section for the month
was 74,800 cubic yards of solid rock.
FHED DUNZINGER.
XKl'.lt U1LW1IT
1'rnctlcnl Illustration of the Advantages of
ItiU Kind uf , raft.
WASHINGTON , May 2. The advocates ol
light draught boats In the navy are pointing
out a practical Illustration of the necessity
of adopting their theory , The Atlanta has
been ordered to Qreytoun , Nicaragua , tc
protect American Interests In case there
should bo a revolution , and yet It Is asserted
that the vessel will not be able * to get ovoi
the bar In the harbor and will be obliged , tc
lay off two or three miles from the > city. 01
course In the event of trouble troops coulO
bo sent ashore In boats and some good sized
guns could also be landed , but the ship Itsell
with Its heavy puns would remain far oul
from the city. It Is argued that a light draugh
gunboat of twelve feet or less would ac
compllsh much better resu'ts by getting closi
to the locality of any possible disturbance
The bar at Oreytown Is about fourteen fee
under water and the Atlanta draws abou
eighteen feet , while the Montgomery , whlcl
will take the Nicaragua commission to Orey
town , is oven of deeper draught , and thi
commission with all Its equipments will hav <
to go ashore In boats over a stretch of two o
three miles. Tlio desirability of having th
new gunboats constructed so they can ascein
South American rivers Is also being urged 01
the secretary. It Is urged that there ar
numerous British gunboats which can easll.
go up this river , while nearly all the ship
of the United States navy would bo oblige. .
to remain In the bays. The contest betwec
the advocates of light and deep draught gun
boats Is quite spirited. Secretary Herber
will decide as to which plan Is preferable , n
the Ilourl of Bureau Chiefs has been unabl
to agree , _
11)1)1011 ) Nfotl Not Do in the Mwit.
WASHINGTON , May 2. The Dcpartmon
of Agriculture has received no official cor
flrmatlon of the report from Paris yestci
day that seventeen soldiers at Vltrle die
from eating American tinned meat. Di
Salmon said that the causa of poisoning froi
eating canned goods was not well undei
stood. It did not necessarily follow that th
moat was diseased. Some chemical change !
duo to tuo presence of folder and tin , sotm
times took place , which produced the polsor
ous effects. A report will probably bo n
ceived In due time from the United State
consul general.
( Inly swlM Kihll > \Vnntrcl. .
WASHINGTON. May 2. United State
Consul HldRley at Geneva has written t
the State department that the Swiss ns
tlonal exposition , to be opened May 1 , 189
Is to be a purely national nffulr ami nelthe
the exhibits of American or any other coui
try except Switzerland will be recelvei
An exposition , to be held In Lubeck ne >
September , to Illustrate thp progress c
commerce and Industry in Prussia , con
blned with a dairy exposition , will be co :
fined to German exhibits , save mnclilner
tools and objects useful to dairy fanr
which may be of foreign origin.
Orifpr * for Army .Mini.
WASHINGTON , May 2. ( Special Tell
gram. ) A medical board , consisting of Co
onel H. Alden , assistant surgeon genera
Major George II. Torney , surgeon , and Cat
lain Guy K Kdlc. assistant surgeon , is np
pointed for the examination of the gradu
ating clais nt West Point , June I
First Lieutenant Harris I * Ilobart * . nimr-
IM master. Nineteenth Infantry , will relieve
Captain GrorgC Huhlcn , assistant uiiurtcr-
inuster , In rtmrga of construction tit Fort
V'nynp , Mich. Cnptnln lluhlcit will n MI nne
hargo of the construction nt Fort Dll ? * ,
"ex. , taking Mntlon nt Kl P.tso.
First Lieutenant Diaries G. D.illou ,
'welfth Infantry , Is granted tcnvc for ten
nvn.
First Lieutenant Oimoml M. Llssnk , Ord-
nnre department , ls ordered to lii'iiectlon
f the iilr romprtf'sliiK jilnnt'for the battery
f piKUnniUe ilvii.xniltd KUIIA , la be erected
t Fort \Vlnllcld Scott.
First Lieutenant Charles Dodge , Jr. ,
'wentv-fourth Infnnto , will report to llrlir-
dlcr Cictietnl Kcnn * U. Ullsst , for appoint-
i"Ht ns nlde-dp-cmnp.
Cnptnln Daniel M. Taylor. Ordnance rtc-
artmeut , U ordeiod to Inspection of Uutllnir
: unn tit the works of Colt's Patent Pire
\irns Manufacturing company , Hartford ,
Conn ,
First Lieutenant Henry D. Snydcr , n -
Istiint surgeon. Is uruntcd two months'
cave ; Captain Jesse M. Lee , Ninth Infantry ,
wo months. _
.iiu : TIIIJ iNcnc.u'i : nocu yioiu
\lci\rnKUiinn C'lit tlio Wtrn tint Woulil
HUM ) Sim-cl ( iirlnto.
WASHINGTON , May 2. State department
ofilclals loduyssald that they had heard naili
ng ot the condition of affairs In Nicaragua
r of the progress of the attempt to cffc-ct a
settlement of the difficulty between Great
Drltnln and Nicaragua at London through the
good ofilcea of the Salvadorean minister at
hat post.
Some facts have- Just coma to light rospoct-
ng the earlier stage of the negotiations which
explain In a measure tlio confidence expressed
> > our government that the Ilrltlili troops
vould not b ; landed at Corlnto and the sur
prise felt by It when the news of the actual
andlng came to Washington. It Is now said
hat orders had been cabled to Admiral Sto-
ihenson , commanding the British fleet off
3orlnto , to defer the execution of his orders
o land the troops until ho had heard further
from the British government. Ily cutting the
elegraph lines connecting Corlnto with San
luan del Sur , the nearest cable- port , the
Nluraguans , it Is osserte-d , stopped this
nessiigo In transit , and the admiral had neither
ither course open to him than to carry out
ils original order.
An official dispatch has been received by ono
of ths Central American diplomats nt Wash-
ngton stating that the situation ot affairs
n Nicaragua Is extremely critical , and that
an armed conflict between the British and
Nicaragua ! ! forces Is Imminent , unless a set
tlement Is sperdlly effected. The status of
affairs toward a settlement has not changed
so far as can bo learned. It Is Insisted that
f Great Britain has acceded to the agrcc-mc-nt
.hero Is an unexplalnable absence of official
nformatlon on that point. Under these cir
cumstances diplomats are not yet ready to
regard Great Britain's acceptance * as an ac
complished fact.
The official dispatch that affairs are In a
critical stnto In Nicaragua discloses the em
barrassment of the small republics. It Is
said that the people arc Indignant at Prcsl-
Icnt Zelaya and his associates for not re >
jelling the British by opening fire when the
landing was made at Corlnto. This Reeling
s so great that a revolution Is feared. Should
such a change occur the revolutionary party
would represent the popular feeling of repell
ing the British with forceA speedy with
drawal of the British from Corlnto Is relied
on to quiet the popular feeling.
Itpproxintiillvo llltt IK Ni > Itcttor.
WASHINGTON , May 2. Representative
Hltt's condition Is unchanged this morning ; .
Ho passjU a very restless night.
D1SRIE AT LARGE ONCE MORE
Charged with Burglary nud Sent to County
Hospital for Insnnity ,
BOARD OF INSANITY WAS IGNORED
llndjr "ml llrclnreil Illiu S\np : but Court )
Would J ot Ilnvo U tlmtVnjMnu
Cllinlm Tlirmtcli \Mmlo\r nnil i : .
rn | > rn with All Ills lcUuiElnB ! > .
Circumstances attending the escape ofV ,
K. DlnUlf from ) the county hospital on
Wednesday night furnish conclusive cvldcnca
to the minds ot the county olllcluls that tlio
mun was frlKtilni ; Insanity and that ho had
been watching for the opportunity tor somu
time.
It will be remembered that Dlnklo wa ar
rested some months ago and charged with
burglary. It was proved that he entered n
barn belonging to Husmus Gehl of McArdlo
precinct , from which he stole several tots
ot harness. Soon niter being pKtccd In cus
tody DlnUle commenced to chow signs ot ln
sanity , but , notwithstanding this , ho was
given n preliminary hearing In police court
nnd hold to the district court. Ho was con
fined In the county Jail , where ho was ex
amined by Dr. Tllden and pronounced sane.
The case wns then called to the attention ot
the members of the Board of Insanity and
the man adjudged sane. Ills attorneys , how
ever , were not content to let the matter rest
there , and , going Into the criminal section of
the district court , they iccurcd nn order for
Dlnkle to appear before the judge , who , Ignor
ing the * Insanity board , summoned n jury for
the purpose of trying the man's sanity. Dr.
Tilden and several other experts appeared and
testified that Dlnklo was. feigning , wb.Ho two
doctors , Upjohn and Dotwcller , testltlcd that
he was Insane. The jurors gave the man all
of the benefits ot the doubt , and within two
minutes atter retiring to their room they ,
returned , bringing In n verdict to the effect
that the man was Insane. With that find
ing ho was hustled away to the asylum , but
there the superintendent refused to accept
Dlnkle , holding that he knew of no law by
which a judge ot the district court couhl
find It within his power to order a man to
the Insane asylum , especially when the Board
of Insanity had found the same iran to ba
sane. Receiving this decision Sheriff Drcxcl
returned to Omaha , bringing Dlnklo with
him , but what to do with him ho did not
know.
To make assurance doubly ture , Dlnklo
was ngnln taken before the Bo.ird of Insanity ,
but as there were no new symptoms In tha
case the members simply reiterated thclf
decision and said that the jail and not tha
mad house was the proper phco for thct
admirer of harnesses which belonged to
others. At this point the judge of the crim
inal court stepped In and ordered-Dlnklo to
the county hospital , whcro for weeks ho
watched for an opportunity to escape.
Wednesday night the opportunity presented
Itself , and , finding n window open , the fellow
crawled through , taking along his clothel
and all of his other belongings.
Will Talk on "Mnclinulu'g I.tpllt. "
B. S. Ilurbank lectures on "Mechanic' !
Liens" nt the Young Men's Christian asso
ciation this evening. This Is the seventh In
the course of law lectures for laymen which
have proved so iwpular nnd Instructive.
is Death ?
Not many folks speak dead languages nowadays
and it's very hard to find out. Death is very fool
ish in some cases. Lots of folks die every year that
could postpone it as well as not if they'd use a little
common sense. Are you getting all run down ? Get
ting consumption , are you ? Doctor says you are in a
bad way , does he ? Do you want to die ? If you do ,
don't try our kind of medicine. If you want to live ,
take Ozoimilsioii. It only costs a dollar to try it. It
can't hurt you. There's not much in it but cod liver
oil and guaiacol. The doctor probably gives you the
common cod liver oil now. But this is ozonized. .
How's that done ? That's our secret. That's what
helps the cod liver oil and guaiacol to go where it will
do the most good. Try it. It will make you hungry
things will look better to you you'll eat more you'll
get more flesh on your bones you'll begin to build up
you may get better right away. If one bottle helps
you ever so little , you've started in the right direction
try another.
Druggists soil Oromulslon. If yours don't , s'cnd to the chemists who make It
T. A. Slociun Co. , i8j I'earl Street , New York City.
CURES Colds , Coughs , Consumption ,
BronchltlSi Astma. , nnd all Pulmo
nary Complaints ; Scrofula , General Debility , Loss ol Flesh ,
Anaemia , and all Wasting Diseases. Thin , pale women get plump
and beautiful on Ozomnlslon.
For ( Bl by all Omaha drucglut * ami dniftElats everywhere Trade nuppllwj by nichnrdson Drue
Co. nnd Tlruce & Co. Omaha.
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This Looks Funny But it's only The Hostler taking
at First , a chew of Climax Plug.
Every thoroughbred chewer enjoys a chew of this delicious tobacco. It does
not burn the tongue. It possesses a pleasing flavor and a substance unequaled
by any tobacco in the world. When you want a good chew , get
' ? OOOOOOOOGGOOG < XOCO3O < OOG