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F
_ _ - .I.m OMAhA . DA1TJY BEE : STNAY , rAHCl 17 , 189 . fl -
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' TiE APOSTLE - O ( IRELAND
Bomo Fact and Speculatons About a Be-
markablo MIssionary.
ST. PATRICK AND IllS FESTIV
. _ _
The CRI'tln of l'lr"l. fluid Turnl Prr"chrr
nli 1""cnr. R I'roillo from I'/u'
It.t-MtetIe , 1./.11" " 1.t
Jlr"lr , .
-
"Th good thai men 110 lveR afr Ihm"
IR a truism rootM In the history ot the
worill. lulllJle . sk the bauble reputa-
ton for selfsh ends , but arc Ron torgottcn.
Others , animated by lofty molves , devote
their energls 10 the betterment ot man.
kind , and attain unsought the affection and
veneration of succcellng generations. They
wear out their lives for the good ot their
fellowmen ; IMy brush away the tears ot sor'
row . and bid the sunshine ot joy brighten
\ the human hcarl.
Over 1,400 years ago an humble shepherl !
went among a pagan pollle on a mIssion
of charity and mere . He taught the waring
chiefs the beauty of peace. lie proelalme1 !
' % the majesty ot God , flu ) hid them put aside
the Rymhols ot pagan worship. Through a
long life he toiled , spreading the light ot
Christianity and enduring personal dlscom- !
torts. Ills example and influence Rubllud
the t1Qrc' natures of mn , lessened the bur-
.Iens ot women , and nurtured young aiid old
with the milk ot human kindness. For fifty
years he labored unceasingly , unselfshly ,
humbly , without the emoluments ot suc-
cees , but with the satisfaction ot 1 duty well
and faithfully performed
The lapse of ( hoe serves to brighten and
ennoble the work of St. Patrick. The dates
ot his birth 0111 death and his nativity are
dehatable. but there Is no question that the
Influence lie exerted was not eface,1 by death.
Over forty generations have come and gene
Rilce lie Ivel and lied , and , yet his name
and fame are honored and revered by mi-
lions In every clime. Nor are the honors
paid Ills memory confined to those who profess -
fess time creed St. Patrick taught. Hs Jn-
nucnce extends to all who admire nobility
ot character and the refining magnetism of
good example.
Ills BlTIPIACE IN DOUBT .
Historlanf ! differ widely as to the bIrth-
place ot SI Patrick , but there Is a substantial -
tal agreement emi one point-he was nol an
IrIshman. I Is said that even cities contended -
tended for tim honor oC having given birth
to homer the Ilrlncc of ancient poets Almost -
most ns many nations have claimed the
honor ot giving birth to he t apostle ot Ire-
land. Some assert that he was an Irishman i
other that he was ot Cornwall ; some say
that he was 1 Welshman , while others main-
taIn that ho was n Scolch Jghlander , and
others attempt 10 11rove he was born In times
s lowlands. Some ancient authors ot his life
' . acsert that he was born In Amorlc Gaul ot
France , and still others have deduced Ills
origin from the Holy land. Colgan quotes
all tim Anglo-Irish writers on the sUbject In
support of the claim ot France . giving his
birthplace as holy Tours Dr. Jaingan In
Ills treatise on Irish ecclesiastical history
thInks time weight of evidence Is In favor of
Frammee . and he gives his birthplace at or
near Iloulogne.StIr-Mer. Probus , also an an-
cient writer , asserts that St. Patrick governed -
ernell the ( dloees ot loulogne as bishop be-
fore he set out for Ireland. Cardinal Moran
who wrote aim article on the birthplace ot St.
Palrlcll In the Dubln Rcvlew In 1880. slates
thai he WAS a Scotchman'an Father hogan ,
a learned Jesmmit inclines 10 the same opinion ,
while Coshel 10ey , a wel known wrier ,
* . says he was the son of a Britsh ofcl l employed -
ployed under the Homans , who had previously -
viously achieved the conquest of England
The hook ot Armagh..a work ot rare bls-
torlcal value preserved In Trinity colege ,
Dubhir . stat s that he. was born In Britain
not far from the 'Irlsh sea , and St Patrick
bl lself , In ole of his fragmentary epistes ,
.sltes\1 was born the son ot Calpurlus ,
who , was of the village ot Donavan Tha-
.burln" \no.tar \ ! from the sea ) .
While , therefore , nothing Is positively
kn'own ot the saint's birthplace no author
seriously claims him as , a native ot Ireland.
The date ' 4Sf his birth Ii also obscure. The
year genraU' ' given Is 373. As he lived 120
years , the , year of his delh would be . there-
fore , , i. I ) . ; .193. Even the well founded
claims ot the Roman Catholic church to the
Irish apostle are frequently dlsltel1 Some
ministers of the Church of England contend
that Patrick was not commissioned by the
Roman pontiffs . but was a representative of
the eastern churclm In other words , be was
Catholic , but not Roman. A Presbyterian
wrier , not long ago , asserted that Patrick
preached Calvinism , and was , therefore , a
good Presbyterian. A Baptist minister hi
Omaha once claimed him as a true.blue Dap-
tist . and Hev. Charles Mitchell of Kansas
' C1ty 01 the celebration of the festival lat
year , pronollce,1 St. Patrick the greatest
Methodist of his time.
1"RAmmNTS OF ThIS CAREER.
History tells us that at time age ot 16 he
was taken captive by roving sea kings and
; , sold to au Irish taslc-master , who reduced
him to the menial condition of a swine herder
In the bleak mountains of Ulster. After six
years servitude he escaped from Ireland
Tllen the Idea came to him to convert the
Irish people , his enforced ' residence among
them having shown 'hlm that they were pa-
gans. ills mcther was namell CouQupssa ,
whose brothmtr was St. Martin of Tours , and
to his college al that tOIU Patrick was
sent. lIe left tIme institution after having
obtained a good 'unllerstandlng of theology
and a remarkable proficiency In languages ,
. among . 'vhlch were British , 'Galic , Irish ,
- . Latin and Greek. I rom Tours he went te
Italy , , yhere he perfected himself In monastc
.
discipline
The exact date of St. Patrlek'a return to
Ireland on his mission ot Christianity Is
about as much In doubt as most ot the other
events In his life . I good deal ot this ob.
scurity Is unquestionably due to time fact that
about the sami ! period Ireland _ was so for.
tUlate as to have tree note latrlcks.
There was , In the frst place Ialadlus , or
Iatrlek , as he was commonly known , the
ncman deacon sent out by Pope Celestne
In' ' 431 to' be the first bIshop of the Irish
peolile. Then there was Senn Patrlacc or
Old Patrick , who , according to the anlals of
time' Four Masters , died ! thlrty.slx year before
tile third and best known ot the trio passed
a\ay , Not mlch mimord Is known of alI Patrick -
rick , except that \ served on the Island
, as a priest before the arrival of l'ahladlus.
Germanus , a Gallc saint , recommendell
At Patrick to the pope as a Ill associate of
Palallus In his missionary work , and the
young Ilrlest was on his way to Ireland when
ho learned that Paladlus hall been driven
r from there by the natives , hall been storm
cast on the shore of Scotland , and had died
there.
AB I MISSIONARY ,
Where or In what year be effected a landing
on the Irish cent as 8 mlslonnry Is like-
wie subject ' to dispute . Quo historian says
426 A. U. and nnother 432. The landing
eems on the mosl reliable authority to have
been on the Dublin coast where hl reception
J wail so unfriendly that the saint traveled
frt alonE the eastern shore , repulsed every-
where amid then he made his way north until
somewhere In the neighborhood ot Strangfonl
he at last was abl to got ashore unmolested
Then began his ltfevork . told In detail In
the many legendary lives written abut hium
Surrounded , \ Ih so much 1)'ster It Is nat. I
ural enough that In time mlnlt and nnnah
of a romantc mind Imaginatve race like the
IrIsh ho should have had attributed 10 him
the working of numberless miracles Seine
of these were wreught a 1 punllhment 10
unbelieving natns , and thus I Is narrated
how at diferent places he deprived river of
their fsh and changed fertile districts Into
bogs When Dchu , a powerful chieftain ot
Ulster . went forte with his followers 10 are
rest St. Patrick and had raised his sword
to strike him the blow was stopped by a
mighty unseen power and this strange fact ,
eouilled with the holy preacher'a eloquence ,
won the warrior over to Christianity , and
all his faintly were likewise converled.
' lie gvo the Saint a bar near his abe ,
and there the missionary preached and celebrated -
brated dlvlue worship , The bani was known
a Sabhul-lhadrllK , or Patrick's Barn. The
situ was aftrwa occupied b ) a church and
It Is said that the pot was ever af&wad
the favorite resort of the good n\ln.
The hardest people Patrick had t del
wllb were the Druids , or Pagan prlf-t and
they ote 1 suUee severely In their en.
'
" \ Couutema with hhu. One of them cntemptu- .
"v..j , .
: : t- ' ' ' '
olRly Interrlplell the paint's service In the
baum . but the earth opened up amid swallowed
the scoffer.
BCOrr.
This , however , " 11 nothIng compared to
the miracle wrought In the case ot lus , the
aged . wicked and ugly broth r or Dlchu , who ,
enraged lt time conversion of the chief al the
leath ot the Druid , pHsccul(1 St Patrick In
O"U'y IIos81ble manner Int he went so far
n 10 hare the preacher 10 Ilertorm a miracle
on him as a condition or his embracing
' .
Chrlstanll )
Even a he made thIs boll or the whole .
aPPearance ot lus change.1. . Ills age gave
way Instantly to 3-outim , and his uglncS waR
transposed Into great beauty. Thai was
amply sufcient for the pagan. lie was
promptly baptized , and many others followed
his exnmille.
TIE ShAMROCK SYMBOl4.
When Sl. Patrick first began to talk to
the Irish ot the Trinity they 1111 not believe
him , till he picked a shamrock and illustrated -
traled the doctrine by the three leaves growing .
Ing on one stem , and then they were converted
nnl , the hhamrock became sacred 10 St. Pat-
rick. I Is saM hy others that the shamrock
worn on St. l'atrick's day represents time
cron. limit the shamrock was hcll sacred by
the Druids In Ireland before St. Patrick'
time , as was also the mistletoe , whose leaves
as wel as berries , were likewise arranged , In
threes , three being a sacred number.
Success crowned the missionary's worll
whertever he journeI. Near the hamlet ot
A . now 1ubln , he Is sid to have
utered this prophec : "ThIs ' hamlet , now 10
small , will rise In tme to great celebrity ; II !
wi spread out In riches all dignity mind will
10 on increasing until I becomes the metrop-
eli of he [ klngllom. " To show his love for
time place he struck the earth with the "staff
ot Jesus " which he had brought with him to
Ireland , all a tountaln sprang torlh , I was
nterwarll called St. Patrick's vehl.
Traveling stilt further. southward , a duel
namell 1'o'lgo alemllted to kill time saint be-
cause a favorite hlol had been destroyed The
charioteer of the car was taken for his master -
ter anti slain. The king of Junsler received
the saint with re\'erence In his palace on the
rock of Clhel , and wih hla famiy and
people became convertml In bowing before
the Ilreacher to receive his benellcton the
klng's foot was pierced accidentally hy time
pastoral staff which l'atrick as a bl.holl , car-
ried. Neither saint nor king notcell the
accident until the conclusion ot time cere-
unl
mony.
Then St. Patrick caught sight ot time bleed-
Ing woummd cured II wih the sign of the
cross , all hohlng his haml over the head ot
time royal convert , said : "In memory ot this
hlooll now shed , the blood of mme king or thy
line who shah regn In this place shal ever
bo shed , except one. " Many years afterward
lunster annalists declared that the
prophecy had been fulfilled , as all the Idng >
except ono hall . lied In peace.
TIm HOCK 0 tAS1tEI.
A ma nlfcent church was erected on the
rock of Cashe ! amid its remains form one of
the grandlst monastic rlins on the Island.
Wihin It Is still preserved the leac I'hadruig
or Patrick's table on which the odngs of
Iunster were crowned
At Usneacim In Meath , the saint was
harshly treated by two brother chiefs and he
was about to uler a malediction upon them
when one of his disciples St Secmmndtnus .
b"ggell that the stones of the place be cursed
insteami This was done and so tIme stones of
Usncach became unft for building purposes.
Every house constructed of them fell to
pIeces soon after comimletion. These cursed
stones became a proverb among the Irish.
After planting the gospel In the four
provinces of Ireland Patrick obtained a grant
from the king o [ an elevated site not for
trom time ancient palace of Emanla and built
the Cathedral of Armagh. There arid al
Sabhul Ihtllrulg , where he first preached the
gospel to the Irish . St. Patrick Is said to
have passed the remainder of his life.
It was during this period thai he Is credIted -
Ited with having performed time celebrated
miracle of collecting all the venomous rep-
tIles from every part of Ireland to the sum-
limit of a mountain on the coast of Mayo and
thence hurling them Into the waters of the
Atantc , The snake story hike many others
must be taken for what It Is worth.
Whatever difference there Is ns to the year
ot St. Patrick's decease . all appear to have
agreed on the date of the month and so I
has come to pass that March 17 has always
been knownlas the day on which his festIval
.
Is kept. _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _
MANHATTAN'S : URSr B03S.
, \1 Out Timer Who Sot B I'uco for the
Mo.tern Tnmm I )
! r. C. C. Duel has a lmlly paper In the
March number ot the Century under the title
"Blackmail as a Heritage ; or New Yorlt's
Legacy From Colonial Days. " Mr. Duel
shows that Tammany methods of blackmail
and official corruption were very prevalent In
the early days of the colony. Of the first
boss ot ! anhalan Mr Duel wrItes :
Before the first Manhattan settement was
ten years old It had hatched a boss of the
Tammany stripe. Though Corelus Van Tlen-
hoven never wore prison garb like some ot the
modern "leaders , " during twenty-three years
he climbed oh stepping stones of scandalous
decds from h"h to higher honors , and
thwarted the efforts ot the bprgimors to shake
efors b\rghers
him off. In education and intellect he was
qualified for leadership In I the best sense , but
In subtety , craft , and venal purposes he was
an exemplar as a boss , jtnd thereby con-
troled the policy ot the Dutch governors.
Speaking the language ot the Indians , he
was all the more an adept In cheatng them.
Like time early members ot the Tammany
society he even masquerdell In Indian dress
and manners A r monstrance addressed
to their "High Migimtimmessess" In 10land
said ot him : "He has run about hike on
Indian with Ito covering and a patch
before him. "
.n his Indian revels as In his private life ,
he . Was shameless. Sketch portraits ot this
Manhattan worthy are preserved In time affidavits -
vis given at The Hague In 1652 by two
Dutch women who were aiding Injured In-
nocencc , as we shall see later on. In one of
the depotons ho appears as "a corpulent
, and thick-set person , of red and bloated vis-
age and light hair ; " antI In the other as "a
likely person ot ruddy face , corpulent body
and having a Ito wen on the side of the
check. But It was hs ) moral wen that en-
titled him to a place In the Tammany gallery.
When he first appears In the annals of
early Manhattan. Van Tlenho\'en was twenty
years younger than the bloated Lothario ot
the portraits of 1652. I Is _ supposed that he
was In the emilley of the Dutch West India
company during a pat of Minimit's allmlnls-
traton ; but It Is certain thai when this
governor locked horns with the patroons over
the queston ot trading privileges anti Pa-
Iroon Van Henssalaer's relative , 'outer Van
Twler. was appointed In his stead the lat-
ter made Tlenhoven "booJckkeeper ot wages"
to the councIl . This was In 1633 , and the
ofce , In Dutch called " 1oopman , " was an-
alagous to a Tlmlany commissionership
ot public works , Inasmuch as whatever sums
dribbled to the hangers.on ot time company
were ntered through his itching palmns lie .
was ale receiver ot dues One way or another . ;
other everybody came In contact with his I
suavity ; and I Is saht that those who failed
to "water the IIIHeons"-a Dutch elphemlsm
for gratuities and gOlatherly gifts-were
hut off wIth promises that never maclured
As Woute Van Tler carried to the ax-
treml the Tammany doctrine that a public
trust should be administered for the benefit
of the trustee , he got Into trouble with
Iincklogen. the honest fiscal , or sheriff. '
attorney . of the council-no , the expostulating
olcer got Inlo trouble with tbe governor In
much the seine way that ex. Fire Commissioner -
stoner Gray was forced to wIthdraw from his
Tammany colleagues for presuming to notice .
tce Ihat the public money was being wasted
Van Twler Investigated himself and found
hlmselt upotreas . , Ale In , true modern
fashion he adjudged the accuser to b the
real malefactor and sent him back 10 Hol.
land wlhout arrears ot salary Dncklngen
laid lila grievance before the home aulhorl.
ties , and despite a powerful alempt to shield
Van Twler , owing to a miscarriage ot
whitewash the director was dismissed Yet
he remained In time colony to enjoy expan.
Bh"c lands Including the present Oovernor'a
Island. and herds of cattle . wimlcim owing 10
his official posItion , had In the short space
ot five year been turned Into his account
Tlenhovtn profited by the change , Inasmuch -
much u Wilam ICieft , time new director-
general , who arrived In 1638. appoInted him
secretary of the colony , Klet In , hla pre.
vlous field of operations bad been accused of
embenlement ; BO It II not surprising that ,
with Tlenho\'eq'a aniliance. ( his new author.
fly worked for publc mischief. Under his
predecetor lbe counci ha.l consisted of five
members , who acted I magistrates . One
councillor . having one , 'ote , wu enough for
Kieft who reserved time right ot casting two
votes : Be like the "leader" In the practcal
working of the Tomman ) councils . KleC pOSe
seIed In his O\n person a quorum and a
"fair w rllnr majorl , , "
OX TiE OLD SPA ISn T.IIAII,1 I
On my first trip across the Great plains ,
enroute to California , In 1S50 , \'e were nl
two different points on the journey , joined
for a few days each time , by the famous
Kit Carson , who , besIdes accompanying Fre-
mont'8 1542 and 18H expedItions , hall fre-
( IUenty , before and since thee years , ex-
phord the country . whIch he now knew like
a book
AI this time Careen was In the prime or
lea man rather under the medium size , ;
low-spoken and ot gentle , unobtrusive manner .
ner , showing , ordinarily , no outward sign
of thai indomitable energy and daring courage -
age which had caused him 10 be respectcd
and feared by the red men of the western
while .
Ours was a large . strong and well armed
party , consisting of more than thirty men ,
and our nmple outfit comprised six wagons :
twelve mules and sixteen hones , time latter
adapted to either dl'att or samidie. Wih the
exception of Carf n , aeh of us carried a
muzzlc.loalHng rifle ant a heavy re\'o\r. :
whie , hesldes a pair b exquisitely finished
revolvers , he was armed with one ot thos
ten.chamberel. percusslon'pl repeatng
rifles , Invented , I think , by Colonel Colt , be
fore Ils celebrated pistol : was limit upon the
market
This beautiful Weapon , as well as the reo
volvers , had been presented to the gallant
scout by a wealth ) ' gentleman whose life he
had saved , anti all were highly prlzll by
lminm hence he had always twenty-two shots
In hand without reloading , anti seldom indeed .
deed dhl a bul l fired by Kit Carson miss
its Intended mark. I have seen hll start
on a ful gallop 160 yards from n tree , no
more than nine Inches In diameter amid before .
fore he reached It Illnnk every one ot his
tel rile balls In its trunk !
Such a lan , aside from the prestige ot
his name , was a little crummy In himself , and
we were exlremely glad of his company , as
In the country where he lust.Joned ! us we
were eVery moment In , longer trom prela-
tory Inllans , two small bands of which we
had , several days before , beaten oil wllhout
loss to ourselves , and now we mlghl look for
rellrlsnls.
Among our crowd were two especially fine
young fellows , one nn Bn lshman naled
John loulon and the other n fiery Virginian
called Gerald Wootlvihie . These two , though
singularly alike In dIsposition , or perhaps for
that very reason , co11 never agree. Doth
were touchy as hornets all as prone testing
sting On the sUghest provocation from each
other thcugh always forbearing toward Indifferent -
different parties. Several times they hnd
hardly been prevented from coming to blows
and lately there . hall ben such bad blood
between lhem that neither would speak to
each other. 'Vhlch was . most In faul I 'don't' '
know , for In their altercations each apparently -
parenty tried to be as provoking as pos-
sible.
One afternoon , afer ttrlklng the Old Span-
Ish Trail , we were going slowly down the Pa-
chic slope of the Windy mountains , whop I
large elk broke cover somewhat out of rifle ]
shot and trotted leisurely away. Having
been for some time traversing a gameles
region , we were quite out or fresh meat , and
this indication of coming plenty was a welcome -
come slsM.
10ulon , an ardent sportsman , was , riding
his own horse , an extremely valuable animal ,
and now , without consulting any one . he seer \
off In pursuit ot the elk. Just ns he was
leaving Carson said : "Remember y're In
4 hostile country , young man. Don't go far
away , even I you have to come back wllhout
meat. " .
"Il take care of myself . " laughingly re-
'
pled Moulton. "You fells can g'o ahead amid
count on elk steaks for .supper. "
"Confound the fellow , " mutered 'Voodyle. ! ,
"It would take a sledge hammer to knock
the conceit out of that head bf his " I
\'e went on for about two miles and finally
mode camp on a small stream among the
foothills , where was abu'llanc ' of gopa , grass.
while the stream itself , Carson Informed us ,
was well stocked with trout-a statement
( lulclly verified by our fly-fliming' VirgInian ,
who , before sundown , caught fully fifty
pounds weight of these delectable nshes.
After we hall corraled the wagns , plcll-
etell the animal out to graze and put Qvery-
thing In shape to repel any possible attack ,
we delayed supper for a whie If i the bope
that 10ulon would come in . as we hail
heard one report from his rifle and Ihad no
doubt that he had killed the elk. , But he did
not appear , and , just at dark , wo ate time
meal without him , the fresh trout making I
one to 11 long rememmmbered .
Two hours more passed away without
bringing a sign of the young hunter though
a cloudless sky anti hal moon might have
enabled even one so Inexperienced as he to
find his way back to the trail from so short a
distance .
'Ve now began to feel seriously alarmed ,
but , very strangely no one oppeared so much
distressed as did Gerald Wood vIC.
"Vhmat do you think ot It . Mr. Carson7" 1m
anxiously inquired. "Do you suppose that
Jack has lost hmimimselfi"
'Vo glanced significantly at each other for
this was time first time we hall ever heard
the Virginian use the tamlar name by which
wc' usually addressed John Moulton.
"I hardly know what to thlnll of It , " replied -
plied Carson "The young man has either
become lost among those puzzlng ravines
or- " and the bold scout relapsed Into an
ominous sileimce .
" \y God ! " feelingly exclaimed Gerald ,
"surely you don't think the Indians have got
him ; poor Jock ! "
"It's hard to soy , " rejoined lilt "but there
are lots ot the Digger tribe wandering
through the mountains just now These are
toot Indians well armed with bows anti ar-
rows and spears They are all murderers
and Ihleves and deadly foes of. whie men
Their principal village Is on a branch of the
Sacramento about blxty miles trom Imere and
It a stray party of them has captured our
friend , without killing him on the spot ,
they'l keep his here as a great prize and
reserve him to be tortured to death when
they reach the main band
"Oreat heavens ! What can we do to save
him 1" gasped Woodvhhle .
"Nolhlng until mornIng , " gravely answered .
swered Carson . "It. would be mere folly to
thrlad the dark passes at night In search of
-
what may be a large body of Indians who
could shoot down their pursuers without let-
ting one of themselves be seen I Mr.
Moulon don't come In before daybreak Il
start out to look him up , and I want only
one mln to go with mae More would be a
hindrance. "
"That man shal be amyself. then , " said the
worm-hearted Virginian "I'd risk my life
a hundred tmes over 10 save Jack from such
a fate lie's a first rate fellow , and J begin
to think that I've been In the wrong In all
our petty quarrels "
( ( should have sooner Bald that both these
young gentlemen were men of means , en-
trely Independent of our captain' orders
anti had Joined us merely through love ot
adventure )
The night passed without alarm and when
the first streak of dawn appeared Carson
and Woodville . after taking a heady break-
fat and packing up a day's supply ot food .
mounted their bores preparatory to setting
out on their perilous queat
"If wo'ro not back b ) ibis Um tomorrow ,
bOYl , ) 'ou'l know 'c"re gone under " observed -
served Carson . RS cOii al though he were
goIng on a plcmmhc. "g , - . rather think we'l
com In , Sty right here until tomorrow's
sun's an hour high , I d'1f therp's no neWA
ot us then , go ahead bf your journey , for
we'l be pat help. " t ) \ i away the gallant
telo\3 \'ent. \n I
lied we been sure f'Pour three comrades'
sate return we should fie greatly enjoyed
the rest and reelPd10h \ afforded us and
our animals In this d1ti'mtful ? camping place ,
especially as during l ! ' 1ny ! we replenished
our larder by killing ( i'o tat buffalo cows
I e Inclned , we nlhtt' ! easily have slain
fifty ot thHe-alal'\9t : ' extinct erealuts ,
for great herds ot thttu'ere ( { , constantly In
sIght on the plain be20\ 18 , but we had no
heart for sport whlellh fate ot our friends
remained imncertain , ; I ! now , by the
light ot rubsequenl In 0 ' maton , trace out
that fate
I seems that shortly aler I heaving us Motmi-
ton hnll cOle wihin rAngc ot and killed his
elk , and was eloplng down to cut off the
hind quarters for bringing to canup when ,
before he could fire another shot , he was
pounced upon by I score ot Digger Indians ,
uho gagged hll and bOlnll his arms In the
lwlnklng ! of an C'C. Timen loading the
whole carcass upon his horse anti lorclng him
10 walk along they set off on their retreat ,
traveling fast unti night. , \ hen they
bivouacked by a sprIng and hind a glorious
feast , the prllner being meantme sleurel1
to a tree. Through the first part ot the
night he was watch by a gorged bravo
who hall lurked up a muttering ( f Engleh !
and who ftqlenty consoled him by hissing
In his ear : "W no hurt paleface. 11m
make good fire blmeby and heap un"-an
oft-repeated { mmsztmrance . which , after all , was
101 so S'ery consoling.
Next morning , after another lug feast , ' time
savages , mme longer tearing Ilrsult , resumed
their march him a lelslrely manner , amid , be-
tore sunsel again haled for time night at a
spring , hnvln ; a ! uanly of me:1 still left ,
thou h the hapless captive had been glvcmm
barely enough to keep him from fainting by
the way.
In less than hal an hour after leaving the
main trail , our two adventurous comrades
came UIon the spot where the ell hind fallen ,
when , by sigmms uterly Indiscernible by
Woodvlle , Carson at once read time whole
storyl ! declaring , much 10 Oerahl's comfort
that : Ioulon hall been carried oft umnwounmied
I ' / iI'iJ / " ' -.c.z : : '
wtt
. . - ' ' f
. _ - , : /C : ) jY ; 4U1 y , ' - . - \ - ' " / - , , - - I
- . : ; , ' I' _ _ , c : /
7L1
\ , ,
.
.
\
; i I = -
_
. . -
II ,
SENT A BULLET ThROUGh IllSBhlAIN _ ( _ _ _
Then , leading the , J4y1"lh unfalering cer-
tainty through tortuoo , defiles 'nll over
stretches of bare rcK. on the later of i
wblch his companI0r not see the faintest - ;
cst mark , he scon : a\lI1 to the spot where I
the banll had spenl iPe previous nlgh ,
"All's . well so far , " /h' / aid , alter carefully
Inspectng the plac , i"Phme red ' devis are
keeping their prlsO alive and unhurt , so
as to have ni6rosp4rtat hls.fnal.torture
a sight they'U never se thlnlC-
On and on' , but nQw , oL.mmecesshty , slowly
rode the two white men , Carson's unerring
sagacity enabling him to follow the ormeM
Invisible tri as easily as might another a
public highway. Obviously the savages were
travelIng In careless security . for twice a
mile or two apart , the keen-eyed scout picked
up each time . a button . which , though his
hands were tied . MOllon had somehow
managed to pluck from his garments and
drop unobserved.
"Sharp fellow that , " approvingly observed
Kit "hie expects to be looked after . anti has
been clever enough to let us know that we're
on the right traclc . SUC a man's worth
saving. "
Feeling confident ot overtaking the mnar-
auders before midnight , Carson became exceedingly -
ceedingly circumspect toward evening , neither
he nor Woodvle ever riding over a ridge
wihout first dsmonntn ! and taking a careful
survey ot what lay I yond.
At last as they peered over time brow of I
steep descent , they saw , right on t 1 trail .
and hal I mile ahead , , a wreath of smell
rising above the tree tOP3. 'Ve've got them ! "
sold Carson. "They're camped down at the
'Blue Spring. ' I know time place well , but
the ground on this side Is quite open. Though h
probably not tearing pursuit , the reds will
naturally be facing this way We must mall
a big sweep amid creep up on them from time
other side , for they must not have time to
strike a single blow after our attack. I the ) '
did so It would ho to bury a tomahawlt In
the prisoner's brain. "
The pursuers now iell theIr horses some
distance from the trail and concealed them
In a bush-grown eOJlee , lest tme IndJan , whlh
rctreathmmg . might gabble them up. Then ,
guhded through time darksome rocks and underbrush -
derbrush only by Kil's perfect knowledge or
the locality . they made a while detour , gldln
along swiftly as panthers : and noiselessly as
shadows-two men fearlessly planning to attack -
tack , and on their own ground an unknown
number ot well-armed savages !
After moro than an hour ot painstaking tel
they gained the dense chapparel fairly In
rear ot , and no moro than fifteen yards
trom. the enemy's resting place Kneelng
side by side and peeping through the bushes
they saw at once that the Indians onshlered
themselves perfectly safe for a bright fire
was burning , and In a stragglrg row near
It . with their backs 10 the concealed ob.
servers . lounged twenty war-palnlell warrIors ,
while on the outspread elk skin lay some
pieces ot raw meat let over from their
lately finished meal
A few yards away was tethered the beau-
ttul horse belonging 10 10ulon. anti he
himself sat on the 'grolnll with his wrists
brought together behind his back and tied \
around a sapling pine Despite his terrible
positIon the poor fellow seemed 10 have ( alien
asleep , for his eyes werp plosed and his head
sunk low on his breast ,
Carson had cautioned 'bls Impetuous coin-
rade not to fire until he should give the
signal , but just as tls , hIdden avengers lied .
In one swift glance , 'lot all these particu.
hers a brutal.looklngl savage seeing that
the prisoner was enjoying a moment's re-
spite from suffering , anltchel\ \ up a burning
bran. ] . strode over In trot ot him and was
about to lhrust the f'mlng brand insult-
InglY against his palp fm e , when Woodyihie .
no longer able to poll strjmiii imimseif . sent a
bullet through the n1hcpint'S ; brain and he
fell lute a log across YI ptve's outstretched ,
legs. .
, .
I. .
Instantly the Blar\lfd \ , , Indians sprang to
their feet but ere Ulff coul even grasp
much less atrlng , the rbW , . one tel to Klt'B
rifle and anothtr to iTpld's revolver ; and
now as they stood for , Iheee halt seconds bewildered -
widered , as many aq lonal $ shots rang out ,
each one stretching its ymini upon the enrthm
Then , yelng like time hell hounds they were ,
time fourteen survivors turned to fly . but before
tore they got beyond the fatal circle of fire
light . three more pitched headong : down , Another .
other ot the crew. I eagle-plume. powerfully
built savage . quite forgetting In his fright
that the horse was pIcketed attempted , as he
ran to spring upon its back- position he
never reacimed , for al OI lS his head ' rOBe
high enough 10 clear the nobler animal's
withers . 'twas pierced by CUSOn'B aveniimg
bulet avengng
Thus In less than one minute , len memo
brs of the murderous band bad become , as
a western man of those times would ay ,
"good Indiana ; " and the rest , leaving Moul-
ton's wefpols and mOlt of their own b-
bind , probably never stopped funning until
they reached headquarters of their tribe ,
where they would doubt s relort that they
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' ,
ALL READY"I ! i1
- - . - - _ _ Ill
. ,
T the risk of being considered vaiit-ve . .
AT . . ' '
. h iF j : ;
cannot refrain.-froln expressing our r , ' - - ' v T1
' - J.e jS/ ;
o\vn admiration of this season's fabrics- "
. . /
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p1) -
) '
HE woolen n1anufacturers of foreign countri s-as \vel as of our
THEvoolcn !
o\vn-\verc certainly at their best--and their efforts -place as
your disposal-the most handsome array of-
Spring and Summer Woolens
'rhat skill and lone ex eri1ce onty-can produce.
D VER 2,000 of then1--arranged on tables ] for your quick inspection
--draped side , by side for easy c011parison-better look them over. 4.
.
The .
iMew . . .
Tariff-helps yon here-and places in1portec fabrics-
within the reach of the ecol11l : alt inci'iiwd-sucli prices as- , . - .
$5-$6-$7-$8 $20-$25-$28-$3P 1
- - - - - -
. : ,
. "i'
. ' . . . - . i ' , . For Trousers- . For Suits1 1 , t ,
You 'can't afford - to look "shabby" -\vhen such prices prevail }
t
.
Wr
te 207
for . So I t 1 i J
,
Smples : {
15t1iSt .
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I
hall been routed by at least fifty ambush I
whlto men.
Now , for the first time . our two heroes
showed themselves , and we may Imagine
John Moulton's feelings when he found that
one of time daring rescuers was his whiom
enemy , Gerald Woodvl ! Quickly the be-
.numnbed "outh was iilmbZtund . and while his
.n\mbed , wrists were .Iencdrly chafe back to
swolen his new found friend , the evert hought-
lte Carson hasty prepared a supper ot hot
coffee and chIc steaks wherewith to nourish
his exhausted frame.
In our camp , the day ot the two men's
departure had come to a close In consuming
anxiety , and I was a serious party Indeed
which gathered about the fire at night , whie
all strained their ears In vain to catch the
echo of a possible reassuring rifle shot.
Yet , thoug'l sorely fretting at our enforced
Inacton. none ot lS quite despaired ; for be-
sides what we ourselves had , on a former occasion -
casion , seen ot Carson's successful daring ,
our guide , an old plainsman named Joe
Brooks , sustained our hopes by telling us of
several Instances tn which he ( Carson ) had ,
slngle-ha"led , rescued property and prisoners
from strong " , mounted bonds of Indians after
a pursuit of many days.
"Why . " said the veteran "one tIme , down
In Arizemia I knew Kit , entirely alone to
trail twenty-two Apache warriors for more
than 100 miles. He came up 10 them just
as they were making camp at sundown , shot
down three ot them before they saw him ,
char ed Ipon .the , rest whlo yelng to his
supposed folowers 10 come on , amid escaped
scot free with ! white woman prisomier
whom , In their frlshl at the mere sight ot I
Kit , they hail not stopped to kill. This Is
a well known fact "nd It occurred when
Carson was out last with Captain Fremont.
Depend upon II he knows what he's about
now and whether be' saves Mr. Moulon or
not , he's pretty sure to turn UJ all right be-
fore morning . So long as a star's to be seen
he can find his way back at night as well as
. " '
In daylght.
In listening to tales like this our sleepless
night wore away , and al last we could see In
the' easter sky the first pale shimmer of
coming dawn
-
"This , " casually remarked Joe , "Is the
hour that th redskins always select for-
Dy thunder lhat's the Diggers' warwhoop
now ! " And we all hurried Into the coral , as
again and again , far up on the hiside , resounded -
sounded that terrible cry
"Mighty curious , " said Brooks , quiet ) lay-
Ing down his rifle with ! halt perceptible '
smile , "but It's time first time I ever knew'
thE reds to be polite enough 10 give fair
warning . This must bo an extra nice band
of the devila-Ilooray ! Hooray ! hlooray boys !
What 111 I tel you 7" " For now halt a dozen
rlio fhots rang out In quick succession , amid
galloping cllerly : down the slope come our
three trlcnds , safe and sounll
Carson , who could mimic anything from
the squeak of a moue to time harsh cry ot a
mountain lon , had taken this playful method
ot testing our alertness.
, As the trio drew nearer we could see In
I the broadening light that Jack Moulon and
Gerald Woodvle rode shouller ( to shoulder ,
and that more than once the hand ot ole
80ught that of the other In a prolonged
clasp ; w1Ireat we rushed from cover anti
tiring a feu de jole. broke Into a storm ot
such wild cheering as must have made any
stray "welkhn" lying around loose fairly
ring again
In another moment limo tired antI hungry
travelers were among us . and It argues well
for our humaniy that all paned through
that tumultuous ordea' ' or 'land shaking
without dislocated arms. Not a question did
wt ask until we had regalEd the ravenous
men with a bounteous breakfast ot trout ,
and buffalo steaks but after that we gathered -
eed from ole and another eli the facts as I
above related. W. THOMSON
.
Lurioul Allly"rary Uln r.
A curious anniversary dinner was eaten
the other day In Baltimore . I was the
65th birthday ot I friendship which had at-
tamed this ripe age between two women ,
wihout break or mar of any sort Fifty-
hive year ago on the day ot the recent feast
time two women , then little girls cemented a
short acquaintance by eating a play dinner
together. Doll recalled the date anti occa-
sian and at this second dinner the old Iron
kettle which had figured In the preparation
ot the Ort meal more than half a century
earlier , was resurrected to serve . less capa.
lily perhaps , but with infinite distinction .
along with time modern a pots and Imaims ,
" ! 's no use arguing , my dear , I am going
to give up our pew In church J can't stand
that new preacher any longer " "But
" " Marla. I hann't
John"Dut notiming I .
slept a wink for the last three Sunday morn .
tngm. "
, ,
.
ICOOPERATVE I nOME . BUILDING
Summary of the Annual Report of the Stat I
Banking Board ,
GENERAL GROWTH IN A DULL YEAR
Notahle Imllrovomelts 11 1II11S ali the
BeneftH Timereof-Itemuonmilla Terms
to Borrowers Itllr leturnH
to In\'stors.
'
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The third annual report ot the State Danl-
lag board on the conditon of buldln'g and
lonn assocIations In Nebraska just Issued ,
. presents a Qnpact ; and coinprehenslvo re-
i vIew of the progress of co-operative home
building during the year 1894. I IJreServes
the form or lrecellng reports and In the
mass of columned statstcs tells a story of
steady grwlh which Is surprising In view
of the adverse conditons thai obtained durIng -
tog that period.
The report shows that at the close ot 1894
there were elghly-slx associations In exist-
ence against eighty-four at the close ot 1893.
Five were organized and three dlscontnuel }
The new associations are the Clay Center , the
DeWit , the Phoenix ot Omaha , the Equitable
of Seward all the Traveling Men's ot Lin-
coin The Home ot Grand Island and the
Mutual Home et .Incoln went Into voluntary
liquidation anl the Grand Islall palll out.
The aggregate assets of time e"hty-slx asso-
ciatons amounts to $3,888,001.31 , against
$3.G 3,09G.83 for 1893 , a gain ot $23 .904.48
In a 'ear. The Issets alll liabilities for the
two years are as follows , respectively :
IS : ISH
riret mortgage homing . . . . $2SOiimG r0 ' 2K.10562
l.onnH sevtmreth Iy tucmc . . 301.13 01 27.0 : 1
H"11 ( 'sttmte. . . . . . . . . . . . bO.1957 11.r2 Si
mxmtemiis l ttmmd Ilxes Path . 10.632.56 lW.4SS IS
t1 ' h . . . 11 . . < . . . . . . . . 73.46162 ! 70.1:0 f2
Other a.sels. . . . . . . . . 2n,3 ' 4G.0 : D
Totals . . . . . . . . . . $3.0,0 83 $3,88S.013\ \
Liabilities are made UII ot these items :
1Si3. mlii. 1
( ' splttil stock pnh tim ) . . . I2,2i'J7 02 $2,004.31281
/plli
PremlulH I.hl. ' . . . . . . . . 44.079 H 4\170 "
Inlerest r..e ( \I. . . . . . . II.I'S 05 60ur. 21
1"lnPH . .0Iccl"I. . . . . . . . 31.\6180 \ ' 36.2S J :
Alt other lIabilities . . . . . . 10,71636 1.IL.IL. 40
Tolola . . . . . . . . . . . .f3,053wa 83 $3S S.011 31
I will be seen there has been a substantal
al-round immcreaso notahly In mortgage loans
and the Interest Illd thereon. Stock baits
ha\o decreased and also premiums , hut the
later may be accounled tor hy reason ot the
Hra.\ual . \ .lscontnuance ot the practice . The
Iem ot real estate shows an Incrense ot
nearly $31,000 , all Is the only Item that
relects the depression through which the
state Is passing . 'Fime reeelpis amountell to
$1,444,910.09 , against $1,289,310.26 In 1893 mind
$ ,02 , GOO.81 In 1892. at the receipts for the
past year $67IS9G.8J was loaned , $421.833.61
was paid on withdrawals , salaries took $21. .
232.88 and other eXllenses $22.496.4. These
two ltemmis rel1resent time actual cost ot management -
agement and amounls 10 3.4 per cent of the
receipts as against 3.1 per cent for ISn
There are associatons In slxty.two towns
anti twelve towns have two or more , namely :
Ommiaima 10 ; Lincoln , 4 , and remonl , Grand
Iland , Lexington , Madison . Norfolk , Platta-
10uth , South Omaha , Stockvihle . Walloo unll
York two eacim The Mutual of North Plate
ranks first In amount of mortgage loomis
$186.000 , followed by time 1.lncoll , 1 llulable
of I'remont and Equitable ot Orand Island .
The Omaha ranks first II amount ot Bub.
scribed capital , 4,648 smhmares of $200 each , time
W'orkmimexm anti Nebraska Central of Lincoln
8.160 and 7,546 shmares respectively , par value
$100 ,
IMI'EOVFJ ) METhODS.
A marked feature of the growtim of He.
braska associations is time steady improve.
mnent and' perfection of plans of operation ,
Time vast army of immen engaged him thus
branchu of co.operation are commatantly broad-
eninig its scope , simplifying hti methods anti
steadily contrIbuting to Its betterment , Cmii.
petition spurs to greater efforts , consequently
time association wimich accomimhishmea "time
greatest good for time greatest number" is
that which adaimts iaelf to surroummding Comm.
ditions ,
Premimium bidding ( or priority of loans has
beemm discarded by a number of associatiomma
durlmmg tile past year , and others will be
obliged to follow , Time reform Is a cmii-
mendable one , h3remiumn bidding renders
equality iii loans Immmposslble , Time bidder at
;
one nmeeting mighmt obtain a loan at lOpel
cent , wlmhle at other timmies conmlmetitiom wouh4
double anti treble time sunm. Rebating
premniummu according to time age of borrowi
era' shares does miot remnetiy tIme evilt Th
only adequate remedy Is its abolition , i
specific interest charge places all borrowert
on an equal foothmg. Dy that means borrow'
era know In advance wimat timey arb re.
qmmired to pay , aimfi enter into their emigage'
muents with full knowledge of time amount
they' vili receive. Time element of doubt ,
is remnoved , and time mammngimmg officers hiava '
a choice hmm time awarding of loans.
CULTIVATE TIlE BORItOWEI1 ,
Success and permammemicy of mnutua'l azso'
ciations tlcleflds on mnzmldng themmm attractlyt
to borrowers. Time investor is to ass iationl
like cold water in time boiler of a locomotive ,
Without fire there ha mm steamn , and witlmou (
steanm that marvel of htummmamm sicili is dead , '
Time borrower Is time fire and the stemm of
mimutumal associations. Manifestly , it l.a tim (
part of whsdommi to encourage anm conscrvq
huts Interests anti muake time conmhiti n of imit '
loan as rcasonable as possible , 111gb' Inter. f
est charges etmcourago speculative ioins , am
imlitny have learned to their sorrow. An iii'
tehilgemmt business miman seeking a loAd mind
having first class secmmrlty is xmot likely , to do
business with an institution chmmmrging a anti
S per cent imiterest amid a prenilumn of nih
equal ammmomint , for no mmiattor how well It
mmmay be denmommatrated timat tIme profits on
time shares reduce tIme summi total of his pay
nments , tIme cimancea are ime will take hula se
curity to a market timat will imot iflvolv ( '
Imim in time IOsaible losses of others.
Tima tendency of time tlnmes is to lower in. '
terest chmmrres , reducetl profits and bottom
secmirity. The era of 10 antI 15 h)1 ) cent '
b'rofits is passing away , Many of the most
progressive asmaclatiomma of Ohmto imavo re
ducetl the cost of baIts to a straighmt interest
cimarg3 of 6 per cent , beht1e tmboillmin
fines mmmiii iumithation fees , Several Ne'brask
associmmtiomis have decipimered time imandwritin
on time wail and are plantimig timemselves om
the platform of reasoimalile ternis to bdrrow.
era , fair rettmrns to immvestors.
'
STATE ASSOCIATION NOTES ,
Time EquItable of Seward heimi its annual
nmoetlng last week gimmil chose the foliowln
ofilcers : President , J. hi. Erferti : vice presi'
dent , John 7immmimmerer ; trcnmmmmrer , J. F. Goeh.
mmer ; secretary , 0. A , MerriamV ; , II. Di
Bolt , F , A. Marslm , J. I' . lunlmam , W. E ,
hangwortimyVlhiimimim l'etersomm , T , F , Skeodi
amid W , D. lhoms'ers , directors , Time receipts
for time fiscal year amnountt'ml to $7l44,08 ,
At time onnimal maccling of limo Edgar asso. '
Ciatl9tm II. E. ibowmmril was elected presidenti
Oweim hltlgnr , vice bresidemit ; F. h4. Young
secretary ; J.V. . Vanllrummt , treasurer ; W. It ,
Fuller anti I. V. Howard , autlitors ; W. IL
Graham , Frarult Ferrec , Adam iCnacker an4
Ilermmiami lloymmtomm , directors , Time aecrotary'l
report shows that time tmssociatiomm has loaned
$52,00 without a cent helmmg lost , During th
past year $12,700 of the stock matmmreml ,
Time annual election of oflicers of lime Equtt'
nimbi of Graimth hslammil reammltetl as follows :
B , C. hlowarti , president ; I ) , Ackermmimmmm , vice
liresitlent ; 0V. . flrlmmimmger , secretary ; C , F ,
hiemmtiey , treasurer ; A. C , Lemlermmmamm , S. E.
Sinke , I , .1. Green , It , J. Barr , ii , I , . Mc.
Meamma , hi. C , Miller , C , (1 , Ityamm , directors ,
Queer Timimig. lim itirtuamuic. .
A young soldier in time French mmrnmy who
lately voiummteered imm time service rejoices in
time diatinctiomm of imavlmig wimat would appear
to be came of the oldest mmammmos on record , Time
unlucky lad is mmammmeml Adoilmim Msximnhhhiau
II , F. ( I. timeus three letters of the alphabet
being all hue can boast of as a surnamume , Time
recruitIng sergeamut severely reimrlmmmanded time
yoummg volunteer for disrespectful jokinmg when
ime spelled out hits abbreviatetl patrommymic ,
anml was only convinced that thme appellatIon
wail boima ( ide wimen time lad shmoweti him hmis
papers , It se2flma , however , that there arc
tjueerer amamnea that B. P. (1 ( , For instance ,
a wIne mnerchmant hiviag hum time suburbs oh
Paris is called Monsieur 0 , Time emamne , by
time way , is met with In Normandy , wimere a
family was once known wimo bore time name
of d'O , with time tithe of mmmarquis , A macin.
her of time ( aemmlly , Francis dO , waa superln.
temmdeimt of finance under Henry III of France ,
One.ietter Itatrommynmiics , lmowever. are umot $0
uncomnmon as might be supposed. There are
said to be five persons in l'arha whose zmameu
are of timis abbravlmmteml typo ,
S
At time funeral servIces of Mrs. Davis of
CalIfornia , time wife of a well kmmowmi railroad
man , time unusual spectacle was presentI
of a womnan conductlmmg time , services. Mn.
Sarah 13. Cooper , founder of time San Frail.
cisco kintlergartemme , delivered aim address amg
read time burial services , accordimmg to time last
request of time dead , 4ra , Cooper Imaid aa ebo
quent tribute to time .wonmama who hmad atdc4
for years In her cbarltable work. '
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