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_ _ 'I 4444444 L4:4J : : : ' : : : 4t4 THE OMAHA , , SUNDAY BEE. L : : : . r : : : : * : : * : :1 :
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- ] S ' 1 ' .nL1Sn ] D JUNE 1H , 1871 OMAhA , SUNDAY MORNING , JANUAUY 27 , 18H'r"TJDN l ' .G ] S. SlNOld COpy f'IVB ' CEN'L'S. ,
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ILL FARES TIE LAND
Gradual Extinction or Agriculture in
Great Britain ,
f AIMERS DRIVt ( Iii OF BUSINESS
- I
High Rents , Excessive Taxation and iai1- '
way Oharge8 Lead t Ruin
, I , POVERTY LJCCEDS [ HI 1F AND PLENTY
The Gravest Problem in Englnnd ' Dodged by
the Politicians .
CAUSES EXPLA'iED ' , REMEDIES SUGGESTED
l'rojru8 of the Clrlylo :1lor111 lt Uhcl'
RCI-Hccolcctofs of Chrlstlm , Iu5-
letl , u (1111..0 of I"r 1010
sintl l"r Vork
LONDON , Jan. 16.-Speclal ( CorreSIIOntl.
enco of The Bee.-The ) one. economic ques-
ton which In 1ngIand l musl take precedence
of all others Is the condition of l nglsh Igrl-
culture. Unless some radical change takes
place or Is brought about hy legislation It
wIlt bB Ilmcult to form any conception of
the state of British agrIculture nt the end
of the present century. I has been steadily
going from bad to worse until In ser coun-
ties whole tracts of valuable nnd productive
Inn have became coarse , weedy pastures. I
<
have before ml n map of n large district
of England not tar from London In which
the area thus gone out oC cultivation amounts
to nenrly 13 per cent of the total arM. I
do not menu land Intentionally thrown Into
large estates for sliboting and hunting Jur-
) I0eS , hut fields antI groups of folds which .
since 1880 have passe < out oC arabic cultivation -
ton and are nosy lying ! waste . . .u because _ _ _ _ _ u It _ . . will _ .
not pay 10 worle tnem. ! many pan : Ul
England the value of Innd has fel en from 40
to 50 per cent and successive tenants have
lost their entire fortunes In trying to make
the land pny. The exactions of landlords , the
over Increasing burdens of imperial and local
txaton , excessive railway charges , the anti-
) ( Iunted system oC leases , foreign competition
In.1 Innnmernhlo minor difficulties have
brought sorrow and bankruptcy to the homes
of 1housllls of once thrifty and prosperous
farmers and sent men who In their day have
worked one and even two thousand acres oC
Inn to the per house Terrible as this
seems , it Is not exaggerated. During lY
stay In I ngllll I hlve heard the most pa-
thetc appeals from the pUlPits of village
churches for help during tile winter months
for farmers who were once well-to-do and
who have reached tile starvation Iolnt
through no fault whatever of their own. In !
pointing to the commercial triumph which I
11Inlng 'ler.ton ' of free trade has brought the
United ICillgdOfll Briish economists should
iot forget their unhappy countrymen who
have ) aen sacrificed or destroyed , nor should
they , emi to mention the < depopulated rural ,
lstrlcts nnd thb poverty and misery result- ,
Ing from the migration of the farm laborer
to the overcrowded cities , there to exist with
house. lila family In one room of a feet < tenement
mmGED TIE QUESTION.
Unable to grapple with the grave situation
confronting them the English politicians of
both parties have begged the question and
postponed the question by royal commissions
and other well known methods until the
farmers are thoroughly aroused , and ns a
last resource have practically formed nn mdc-
havIlractcaly < <
pendent party of their own which wl en-
dorEO such candidates from either of the two
great political parties who wl pledge themselves -
selves to radical measures to save British
utter estrucUon.
agricultural Interebts from ulcr
Of course a royal commission on agricultural
depression Is In session. I cnn hardly remember -
member visiting England during the Insl
fifteen years and not findIng one. I might
ffeen hn n , . Nlnnlln , 'ntiirntttee . Volume
lpon ' ; I ; o ' fi testimony ; - will ' le-im1l ; lie < .
Everyone , including our own Mr. Edward
AtkInson , has aired his views and laid be-
fore this august body his own pel remedy .
The British farmer Is nol the least Impressed.
lie looks with distrust upon commissions
le
steered by such men as the Ht. lion . Shaw
Lefevro'and Dr. OHcn , who have their eyes
fIxed on the commercial sIde of John Bull's
ledger , and who are without sympathy and
appreciation of the condition . and needs of
tile agricultural and productive forces of the
klng om.
During tIle last week of tile year the
farmers of England made their annunl pit-
<
grlmago to London I was the cattle show
weel and the several national fnrmers' or-
gnnlzatons held their annual dinners and
meetIngs. Some of these gatherings wore
most ' HignificaUt . eSlleclnly those of the
National Agriculural 1110n , which as-
8emblell at St. Jnmes' hall , Picadihly . . In-
p vled to I seat on the platform al thso
meetngs' I hind nn excellent opportunity not
only of hearing the fnrmers' sldo of the
question . but of studying the faces of tile
large audiences which assembled to listen
and take part In tile discussion of their
Iart
. troubles Naturally I was struck with tile
iwolositlons which were to prove panaceas
11rolosltons
for all existing evils. I will give SOIO
.
of lhem In the order of their apparent popularity
Inrl ) ' : Imetalsl , protection , destruction
of tile middle man light railways , reduced
freights Ill Improved facilities . abolition of
the Inndlorl , revision of tile present system
' , of lelslng & farms , co-operative butter and
cheese mnl\lng. establshment of small co-
operative credit banks In tile provinces , hn-
onatvo
t ' l > ( rovolont or tile slbsldlary and undovel.
opel branches of tile farming business.
I ono may judge from the manner In
which these views were reeelve they made
little lmprezstpn . 'Cho audience displayed
Ilto Impresstn. . . , _ , . Ilsplared
- - o "h"n. ' n n' n' " "n"RPL.'L''n'hn I
- fore tiuubtw icok I uLucuItI4. , aiul , there was : . " b , r" slight ; _ np- i
plauso. Ulmctl1sm % was presented by these '
n able advocates , . l'rof. H , 8. l oxwel null
WI II. ( Ironfeli. I wns an experiment
BO Car as the Notional Arrlculural union
was concerned . anti few of tie audience
seelell to understand it. A bold stand
for protection \\ou\l have carried the can.
volitIon b ) storm , but no one hall tile courage
to como out flat-footed In favor of I return
. to a protective ta { ilf. The Idea was
touehell by one speaker and awakened more
enUluslasm than any other 11ropollton.
CAUSE AND REMED
On the Illn\orm of St. James' hal I mot
010 of the closest anti most practical students -
dents of Urltsh agriculture In Englind.
This gentleman , Mr. William 11. Dear , was
for mnny years a practical farmer him-
self. Ills contributions to the current
literature al ( leading reviews attracted
such wide attention that ho was lade
editor of the Marl Lane Express a post
which bo hell for ten years. Since then
bo vas instrumental In starting one of the
larniers' associations . all has been active
In onclnl mater as secretary of I royal
' comllslon and other Imporlant maters relating -
latng to agrIcultural investigations. His
views arc Ilartcularly VllUlblo & nt this time ,
because I found Mr. hear. though , thor-
ough going bimetallist , freer from any pet
schemes for tile Improvement of Irltsh
. agriculture than mast of his colleagues whom
4 . I has been by good fortune to lIbel.
"To what do ) 'ou attribute the cause of
agricultural depression ? " I asked Mr. 1lr.
"Tho main cause of agricultural dopres-
sian Is unque.lonably tile tall In prices.
Ihll there Is almost unlveral
UIIU II nln08t ! agree-
ment among those concerned.
" 1ho chief cause of tile tall ill 11Icel l
J believe to ho the I increase of m0110nletat.
Isl Ilncl 153.
"Net cOles Incr'lel foreign Calnile-
IUon , ; lt ) Icpem.ont upQn tle fall In the
- . . .
gaul value oC silver and partly upon the
opening tip of new land by railways , etc. ,
and upon the 10\Hrlng of rail and ocean
frelhl rntes
"hind seasons have added to agriculural
depression occasionally. Indeed . n series of
bad seasons In the 'seventies , ' when prices
were fair ( up to 1877) ) . started ! I ; but the
harvests of the 'eighties , ' taken together ,
were above the average and so were those
of 1890. 189 and 189t. Therefore , It can-
not he sal that hall seasons account for
the depression of the last fourteen years. "
AVERAGE InCf S OF InNCIIAL
CEILEALS.
1870,9. 1s0-9. iaa-i ,
19 H9G4
Wheat . ywr 'unrtrr of R tu.61. 4.1. 37" ( hI. : 8.1 \
larl ' , ' quarter of 8 " ! tl.SSs < I. : M. 2Cs 8 el. i
Onti . ) , 'iuntr of 8 hu.2 : 3d. 19. 101. 1S . 10 .1. I
" '
"I can't go Into corresponding fail In the
agricultural products . , as there are no cul
anel dry figures of equal authority to those
Iluotell above , but everything has fallen more
or less , though the drop In meal ali dairy
produce Is much less than that oC grain.
" ' \Irlculurl depression Is world wide .
and the disabilities of farmers here can't
account for it. " ,
" 10 common With lsell , " I said to Mr .
Iear , "You have been present at these meet-
logs and have listened to the various reme-
tiles ProPosc(1. Whnt , In your opinion Is tile
best tiling to do ? "
"The main remedy I hell to be interim-
tonal bimetalilsm. Protection would bo of
no nse here unless there were geol , thl11111ng
Ilutes all I ro Ill on nunt , dairy I.roduce. .
fruit , etc. . ns well as on grain and flour and !
on immanutlictures. These we are not likely to
get , anl I doUbt whether they would be for
the general good oC the countr ' , Agriculture .
and olher industries nourlshell greatly under
frco trade until 10nolelnllsl was ex-
telle < . "
"What of nil thtse minor remedies we
have heard so vigorously and so ably ex-
Ilounleel 7' '
"There are many minor remedies which
wo might try by way oC alleviating ngrlcul-
turll depression At present our fnrmers
are handicapped by heavy taxation , restric-
tons on the growth and sale of crops , high
rents In some part8 of the country PartlY
based on farmers improvements ( though high
rents generally have been enormously re-
ducel ) . high all preference ( In favor of for-
eIgn produce ) rail rates , the exactions of
niiddlomnen . market monopolies , tile sale oC
adulterated prOluc as genuine and foreign
as BriIsh nnel the lack of Cul security for
tenants' improvenlents. All these disabilities'
should be swept away by legislation , except
the high rents , lhough much of these
are remts on tenants' ilnprovements and ex-
ceptng those middlemen's exactions , which
sllOUl(1 be met by co-operation nmong far-
mors 'Ve ( lOfl't want to sweep nWIY the
mllliemen entirely . hut there Is i great deal
too much of him Again , I would prohlbl
all market gamblng In "options" or " ( U-
tures" ns disturbing to trade arid lowering
In Its effect upon 11rlces. So far ns British
farmers being In n worse position than those
of most other countries goes , I believe that
the whole of these reforms would meet the
case , but to cure world wide agricultural
dellresslon we want International agreement
as to bimetallism. "
"Is there anything In the Ilea set forth
that other branches of farming can be better
worked-tilat Is , other than the staple
products ? " ,
"Yes more might be male of poultry and
eggs , and even of fruit and vegetables , I
wo had a better system of distribution. At II
present consumers pay for these things
about double , and oren treble , what pro-
ducerR receive. flutter hardly pays to make
unless I can be sold nt retail , and here a bet-
ter systqm of distributIon again Is nee ed. "
"And co-operative agricultural banlls-nny-
timing In that Idea ? "
thlg farming does not pay Il Is hardly
a time for Increased expendiure to sthnuI I
late greater pro < uce. Farmers hnven't the :
necessary capital now , and I they had they
have no securIty against having their Im- ,
provemenls confiscated In Increased rent the
Agricultural failure. " Iloldings act being almost a I
REDUCED CULTIVATED AREA. ;
One of the most important points which I
the royal commission now taking testmony
has brought out , ns I seems 10 me , Is the
astounding fact that a reliable estimate
returns from Ule cultl-
shows that the gross elt-
vate area or the United tngdom are fully
$10 per < acre less lmn twenty years ngo. The
American farmer can perhaps realize this
loss when I say that In time aggregate It
comes to nearly $ OOOOOOOO annually. . How
long can the BritIsh agriculturist stan this
drain ? Up to date the greatest sufferer has
been the tenant farmer. The landlord has
lost over $60,000,000 annually II rent , but
this goes but n small say toward making
up the loss of the man . _ 'uh who L works _ _ _ _ u. the _ . '
arm. In many cases no las ueel " ' 'I'
Into the poor house and the small for-
tunes of ethers likewise lost In trying to
make the farms Ilay. As It looks to me . the
end bas been reached , and unless some
change takes place a majority of tile ten-
ant farmers must go to the wall. There
are some changes or adjustments between
landlord and tennnts that could bo made
< fairly adjust .
would
al 011CC nll which more
just tills stpontlous burden of loss. Ho
Is nol master of his own business here , as
at bome. The antiquated system of leases
In vogue hero 110 nol allow time farmer to
oven cultivate tile land as ho pleases and
ns , would bo most profitable for blm. I
was toll time other day of a farmer on one
of tIle best mnnnged of time Lincolnshire
estatel who could not obtain permission
to sol his bay and straw when It was
lalllnl sucb a price thnt time consumption
entailed loss of hun-
of It on the ( aria entale a
dretls or pounds. This case Is only typical
or bundrels Gf others How would Iron
manufacturers . or cotton spinners , or the
coal owners bo able to carryon their busi-
ness I they were forbidden by tile owner
of the sol to spin cotton only In certain
counts , amI to make bars of a certain ,
brand , or win only coals or n certain kind ? I I
Farming Is I business of all others whlcb
demands capital and ski and energy , ant
freedom to take at'anlago oC every change
In time marleets. Yet how mnny farmers
qro there who have absolute freedom to
conduct their bUblness In time best way they
cnn , or who cnn appl capital to II with
the certainty that the investment Is a
safe on01 Time first timing the Britsh
farmers requIre Is Ixly or tenure al 1
remIt which must bo fixed periodically by
sonIc independent authority . This would
seem tG. mo a practical step and one which
MI'.l hn Inl , , AVA" hv thOR who kneel
down : and ; ; ilp- ; tile fo trade - fetish , nnm
As an outsIde observer I do nol think
Mr. Bear or tile Agricultural union nppre-
elate time Importaneo of what may bo
termed the minor products of time farm.
Immense quantities or poultry . butter ,
eggs , etc. , are broughl into tile Englsh
markets from time commtinent. On tile other
sl ido of tile channel particular alonton Is
given to the production of tbeso minor
Products and nothln Is too sma\ to bother
with. Dotb tile English amid Americans
arc 1 wasteful and improvident raco. They
do not have either tile faculty for looking
are , ' small Industries nor small economies.
Whnl would tile bankrupt Norfolk or Suf-
folk teenier say tG tile aggregate of Ibis
table of small things :
IMIOtTED INTO ENGLAND.
I'oultry and Game. . . . . ( 473.193 $ 2,3O2.a3 H
2.32.
Poult' : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3l27'j ) 15.220.416.3
Italbits . . . . . . . . . . . 341.733 1.6J.M364
101118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2b6,3a2 O,591im9 G
Jlcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,6.19 3,4kl,6j2 72
hmanIs , . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . :1 )5S33 12.21.23 79
1lms Juler . . . . . . . . . . . . . l0.214,26 . ' 49. i. , H 49
Mal'orln" . . . . . . . . 3. & 5.(1 ni7.:43
Cimeese . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,49JUT ) Z.S51.3)550
jPI'hi'a . . . . . . . . . . . . UH.4' 4.741,911 93
1'111(19 \1'1'8 . . . . . . . . . . 7S(39 3. 8.93 73
'rolal . . . . . . . . . . . . f36.Ohitll $7.266.27231
An aggregate t nearly $180,000,000 an-
nua\ ) ' Ill smal things. I seems incredible
to lime when I find that no one seems lIar-
tcularly disturbed by ligures such as 10
have here And yet t , ns J have before said ,
all theSe things are very expons\ , here We
were obliged to 11a ) $5 for a fairly go.'d sized
turkey for Christmas dinner. l'hlckcns are
SO cents anti $1 1 e1ch . . I ggs , fresh laid , five
for 25 cents. AII yet the 11116h farmer Is
on the road 10 tile wOlk house. These are
facts that wl bear bOtil investigation anti
study by . those phloillhcrs who are still
talking fee . trade to Ihemcriean farluer
I TiE C.\HLYLE ) iEMOhtlAL. .
I blt I pleasant talk the ether morning
with Mr. Leslie Stepimen and , of course
asked him how the funll for time purchue of
Carlyle's house nt Chelsea was gealng along.
lie said nol its fast as the committee hind
hoped , and requestNl me to ment"n whnt.thD
committee was trying to ra In the hope of
interesting AmerIcan admirers of the great
Chel a phloscJher In thc endeavor tG pmmr-
chase the houe before the option expires
time end of Jebrlnr ) At Mr Stephen's SU-
geston I went tG Chelsea all tok : a look
al the piace. I has been descrlbetl as n
Jlnce.
spectacle for tears. I agree with tile descrip-
ticli . The Inst occupants kepI n menagerlo
of cats full togs all Parrots In It Iltl I
becnmo a public nulsnnce. Dirt , damp and
decay reign supreme. The study or rom nt
the top of the house In whIch Carlyle wrote
some of his most famous werlls Is chiy and
dysertetl Only a small nmolnt of money Is
needed , In all not over 20000. This will
buy the alUSe , put It In order
ali enable the association to secure -
cure some valuable Carlyle relics. Time sur-
\lvor oC the fnmly have prtulsetl many
things of Inlerest. Nearly hal the required
sum hns been eectmred. Mr. Stephen wi be
glad If Amerlcnns who feel lke helping will
senet n chequo to him at No 22 hyde Inrk
Gate London . I nmtoII that through the
Infueneo oC the New York Tribune many
American received subscriptions hn\o already been
Speaking of Carlyle's house reminds mo of
tile house cf another fain us person which
I visited this week on Torrhlton square. Al
time houses on Torrlnton square look very
much alike , tail . bleak < , brown The chief
diference Is In the degree 01 dInginess only ,
for the square Ics In the heart oC the
simmoky ] city and nenr the center so prechls
to the American acquisitive of Imowledge.
Most of the dwellings are lodglug houses oc-
cUIlell by hrofessors literary men and young
students Cram our side , bent upon Ilpr\lnl
minds , ns oren Cemlnlne ns mnascuiiume. The
square Itself Is n Ion ! narrow strip of Kreen
turCctl land doted with trees gray anti grim
now , but cultivated by hundeds of tiny spar-
rows. Everybody loves as they pnss to listen
10 the cheerful twitering of these little
creatures , who make merry even In a log ,
)
anti are no more to be elrof'n ( by n London
drizzle than was Marie Tnpey by n Missouri
swnmll. Torrllton squnro Is only two blocks
from my own resitlemmee but it was some time
before I discovered that the sparrows' best
friend was the woman laureate of England.
Christna Hossetl dwelt at No. 30 and would
oren break oft her soul Inpatsloned strains
to teeth her humble little neIghbors.
So much has been salt about the famIly .
wi haul doubt tile most remnrlcllo 'faimmily
London has ever had , Cram which this gifted
woman sllrang'lo much writen of her genius ,
ber place In at , by the mst appreciating
ant ? critical pens In EnJllmt thlt ono may
well hesitate to add a word more thnn thc
) ot , let It be Instead tile woman of whom
little Is known and less spoken.
When I stepped Into time silent house from
which In five short years four members cf
the Rosseli family had been carried t their
final rest Il struck 10 that nluost unconsciously -
sciously I was hooking for sOlethlng oC that
mystery and romantic but grotesque chnrm
which charncterlzed tile home of Dante '
GabrIel HossetU In Chelsea. Nothing of the '
sort was here.nnd frol the rather bare hall-
leo all hals on the squnrcI was kindly
taken Int the dining room , which WIS painful -
fully like all other dining rooms In the
square-nt first.
There was the rather worn furniture and
cacpet : . the bIg table with Its faded ' chenie
cloth , the leathe covered sofa and stiff man-
tel and the wall covered with nn ugly shiny
yellow pnller. A few smnl pictures were
hung too high on tile wall to be seen well.
A few book shelves held deVotional works ,
and thnt was nl-al except a very small
round table with three corrugate legs and
I LJ : which seemed absolutely worn from
ue. I looked through the one large wIndow
at the little birds asking In bird way for
their silent friend , antI . asked If I might see
Miss HossetU's stu -tho room where she
wrote that rare and subte poem "Tho
Irlrce' Progress " her charming "Sing
Sang . " ant "Tho Pageammt " which caused
Englan l apply for the first time time tithe
poet-tiley have always Insisted on poetess-
to n woman.
"Miss rtossettm , " was the reply of her
faih Cur friend , "hall no study or room to
work In she called her own. Most of her
wriing was one In this very rom and on
.that little worn table you have ben looking
nt. She would sit here because time room out
of this was occupied In turn by her aunts ,
Miss Eliza and Miss Charlote Polderl , and
by her brother. All these lived to be over 80
years of age and were evztetly nursed by
Miss HosselU , In whose arms they dle < She
never seemed to think her writing mattered ,
and If a cough or sound was heard , no mnt-
ter how : slight , she was In there In n sec-
o 11 .
end."All
"All sorts dl interruptions came but a
frown or an impatient word never marked
them. "
"n wns just the same , " continued my informant -
formant sadly "when Miss Hossetl was
taken ill herself. For twelve months she was
unable to writ" 'Jr ' to read a word. Al times
her suferingns great but not ono com-
plaint ever escaped her and when , toward
time last . articulation failed , sue spent hours ,
her lips 10ving In silent prayer anti prnlse.
When the end came one long living bob <
from her great black eyes grown dim nl us .
and a deep sigh of content alone market it. "
Above In the quiet homelike drawing
room , hang pictures of Intense Interest and
vnlue. I Is sale to say that no family In
England has turlshed In three generations
such I number of 11stngulshe and beaut- .
tub heads. There Is tile grand looking Dr. I
Ioldorl , who translated Milton Into Italian
and tlught his grand < aughter. Christina , to
speak In time poet's stately English : there
was lho han < some poet patriot and Inter-
prtter of Dante , Gabriel Rossotl , the father
/ho fed tile ml11 of his child on the bes
fruits of his gleanimmg ant the mother , whoso
brand brow and scholarly face of masculine
strength yet shows the English strain that
love Shnkespenre arid Scotl and made them
part of the family life. There were time two
wise and refined old gontlewometm , time aunts
< < gentewomen
Polo orl , one of whom serve.l . with dlstnc-
ton In the Crimean war as n nurse , antI for
both of whom Chrlslna RossoW's love :
nmounted to 1 passion amid n religion. Near '
their clear cut , Intelectual heads are large
portraits of Cimristina's two brotimers time
ftmll.eyed , ful-Ippeel , swarlhy sOlther face
of the poet anti painter. Dante Gabriel , In
shnrp contrast to the almost delicate . well-
chlsoled and Inteleclunl ileatb . I heael tlt
recalls Iotrnrch of William Michael , critic ,
essayist nnd curiously statisticiaim. Mary
Francesca brilliant . beautiful , a religious
enthuslasl who jolneel an Anglican sister-
hood , "making herself look like a penwiper . "
her painter brother said had , lS can well
bo imagined with time other lembers of the
I family . a powerful influence In developing
time genius of time youngest chid at an early
age .
Christina HosseW wrote verses nt 12 years
of ago of uncommon merit , It 16 n little \01-
mmmc . which her graneHalher wisely armd
proudly published. At HI SilO sat to her
brother. who adored 11cr for the famous l'lc- '
turo whleh now hangs In the nnUpnnl gallery -
lery , "The Glrlhoot of Mary Virgin. " The
sweet \Irglnal face Is raised ( coin tile em-
broidery frnmo to the gracious lines of tile
tnt white lily . GUlrted by nn angel child ,
white Sl. Anne , her mmiotlmer sits beshlo tier
anti through tIle open window of the Gnllan
dwelling are seen St. Joseph tending the vine
and time symblo figure of the sacred dove.
Idealzll In Its Intense spirituality ns tile
loOt's ) face Is In this work much Is lost of
the ripe fut beauty anti the rich coloring
which characterizes a small amid exquisite
portrait 1allo at about tile same Umo when
as queen of the pre.Itapilaeiitcs , men whose
names go to make up tile histor of art and
literature In England , were at her feet
Homnge effected her al Ito as her ma-
terlnl surroundings , for she seems always to
have lived In an ntmosphere of her own cre-
atiuig . without consciousness of her rare
gifts . demanding nothing from the world-
giving of her best to all who came 10 tIer
living a religion al exalted as tile concep-
tons of Tolstoi
The funeral service , held at ChrIst church ,
'Vobur square , was remarkablp for slnm-
Illicit ) ' and tile rendering of two of the
poet's most beautiful h"nns. For twen-
five years Miss Hossett had not mlsse.1 the
weekly holy communion , and time choristers
were visIbly aleetetl as they rendered her
songs The little cliurch Is 10romerlcan <
than Inglsh In its cheerfulne8s of tones
the brightness of the stained glass , and the
freshness of tile furnishings. This misty
mornlug I was full Time cungregaton came
anti went on foot , neihe carriages nor livery -
ery were 10 be seeim The clothes of those
prescnt were of time mosl"imllerent. the
wreaths on the feQh of the simplest yet
every face show l ) Jef , real unconventional
grief , and the nme Qf those present were
brains a roll cal of Englarmtl's' I best In Its world of
One mark of sympathy was conspicuous by
Its absence There woa no recognition eiher
In flower or selrlme it from time queen who
In Miss btossetti \ tiost the most gifted woman
In her klng.lom. 1 ROBERT . 1 10tTEI.
. A . It.IU1(11t\1 : r.o.a'Inl.O" .
' -
J. N. Matthew ! ' In ndltnl iournnl.
Twelve months ago tonight her wnslel
hn1l ,
: lltl ! sten.ly 11 the' itnitmlse of her Flrl ,
Inrkell this sweet Ionl that I might under-
Itnnel , :
In after 'en1 "S fancy ' led me near I :
"There tended Is no . Ibek , however wntchel amid
Hut one Ileml iamb Is tilere' !
There Is no littSltbe . howsee'er deCet11ed ,
Blt buns one Vacant chain"
I rest the book against my brimming eyes ,
Whie memi' ' wih enReret Persistence
Draws bnek the starry curtain oC the skies
Anll lends nn angel to me dowim the
118tlnCI. town
"I.et tons lS be p.tenl ( these severe nhllic-
Not fr01 the ' rolnd arise
But oftentimes delestlnl bemmetlictions
of.nllne ! benedictons
ASlme this 11\rk , \ dl : ulse. "
They told , me she was lienti . They did not
Imow-
For , Ive ' evenIng ns the twl ht close .
I hear hr voie anti see h.'r bemlnl low
Ue.ile the windOw , where 1 keep her rose1t.
"Ther Is no Ilea th I wllt seems r Is
t ranmti Lion ;
TblR lfe oC mortal breath
I ! hit n. suburb oC tIme life elysian . ,
'hose 10ltli WI " cnl tbeathl . " )
Iv . 1) US Till. I L.'u TES .
,
Floor mosaics are mndo from wood Jul ) .
Our woolen industry emlloys ! 219,00 per-
sons
Arizona's gold proelucton has been near\
oubleel the past yenr.
Electricity has now , I seems , blalen the
record oC the gold beater , and cnn Jroduco
n foil oC the melnl from five to ten times
thinner than ordinary geld leaf.
I Is said that U e two fehls In whleh the
electric motor hns of late made greatest inroads -
roads are these oC mining and oC Iron imlanlmfac- '
tures , and thnt In these the developments' '
comJaro In iimiportntmCe . I not In mngnllele ,
with the advances In electric railroadimmg.
The oldest secret trade process now In
exlstenco Is In all probability either that
melhod oC Inln111 the hardest steel wIth
gold nnd silver , which seems to have been
! practiced nt Damascus ages ago anti Is still
known only to the Syriaui smiths anti their I
pupis , or else time DRnufncture of Chinese I
red or vermulliomi. I
A Belgian inveflt to has devlse.l . an Immense -
mense lamp such as has probably never been
seen beCore. I Is composed of 3,000 pieces.
It Is six feet high , and measures seven feet
ten Inches In diameter I Is fed with lard
'al. all the COnSUI\ptOI \ Is said to be very
somalI , its lght be 1 I o powerful that one
may rend by It ata . 4istance of 600 feet.
The miners of Alegnny and Garrett COII-
ties . Indiana , laid over , n quarter of n million
of dollars for the strike In which they en-
agell last slImmer. It cost each man $80
anl brought him back nothing. These figures
are from the ann 'I. rqport which Mr. Mc-
Mahon , tile mint lnsector . , has submited to
Governor Drown.
An Ingenious S tchl1an ; has devised a
thread spinning aparaus thnt Is operated
by two trained mIce. In driving time little
mill with their Jaws'/to animals daily perform -
form work eQulvaleit ito travelng a dis-
tance of ten nmiltss andjtimis Is done wihout
apparent fatigue on tax food allowance of a
half penny's worth fa " , our for five weeks.
In thnt time they have Sun bout 3,850
threads , each n iard and a halt loug.
'
The value of the rton exports from the
United States In the four months ended De
cember 31 was $106,319.843. as against $114-
159,702 In the last third of 1893. Yet In time
four months just ended the amount shlppeel
was 1.835,889.220 pountls as against 1.424.-
402.685 pounds In the corresponding perIod
of the previous year. In other words . the
country received $8.000,000 less money In exchange -
change for 411,4813,535 pounds more cotton.
Two of the largest Massachusetts concerns
gia. have decided to build branch mills In Ger-
gia.The
The bakers or Port Huron Mich. , have ben
Indulging In a bread war , the outcome of
<
which has mightily mrprlsed them. In their
attempt to ruin ench other lhey finally cut
down the price of 5cent loaves of bread 10
2 cents , and then I became n question of
'
which of them' would go under. Dut the
people ! of time . town all ! stopped doing their . _ own .
oaKmg nnl oougnl' naKer's oreau cue reBUll
or which Is that all the bakers are maldng
money at 2 cents Ia' loaf , anti there Is no
talk of going back , to the old price.
.
SHE LIKES RATTLERS.
Illtosuako U utll I Irnsclmumbtlon for u
Conueotcut ( flrb .
Lulu Wilcox , tim daughter of Gerard Wilcox -
cox a farmer lving In tIle hnmlet cf South
Cnnnn , Llchfeld county , Conn. . has evel-
oped a great liking for rattlesnakes , anti her
queer freak Is a aurce of great worry to
her parents. 'Cho girl's bionic Is situated on
time roall that runs along time 'col or time
Cobble a great mass . of rock standing by
itself . about half a mie square al the base
anti with perpendicular sides rising several
hundred feet In the air. The Cobble Is a dan-
gerous place to climb about , for a misstep
often menns a fall that would resul In
death Tills Is nol . the only rensm why the
place Is shunned. ven hunters do not go
on the Cobble oren , I Is wel known that
rattlesnakes In great numbers are on the
niountaiim making the craggy fastnesses their
homes. Great storIes are told by men of
tile snakds they hnve' seen on the mmlolintain
Notwithstanding t&O reutnton ef tile place .
Lulu Wilcox , who i about 16 years of age
vIsits tile mountain rrequenty , and hns done
so 'lor ' a long titio . In senrch of the deally
rattler. A year age last summer n large
snake wandered down from the mountain
Into time yarel e1 her fnlher's house anti was
dcpatched by tile hired mllmm . Time girl so-
cured the rattles , lnt since thaI time hns
been Infatuated wltim ' tile Iden ef securing a
colecton of them For I long time when
jho went In tile rnou.ntaiii tim sarch of snakes
Silo did not nlo\v hr parents to know where
she was goimmg butfit all came Out one day
ml.nn n nI.I . , " butl , . , al . " nn . . , m. I . . _ nN ' 'n
. . . . . . " 'h""U' . " . . . .fli' u..h U& . '
mountain dragging lehln < her n large snake
by IcanH of n sninU piece cf brush. 01
being Iluestoned she aald silo bad ' kied time
snake to get time rattleit for her collectiomm .
nltl thnt IL was nbt time first time she had
gone on tile 10unli fhe hunt the reptiles .
The total numher of siakes slalghtered slnca
tile gIrl began Is ahut fifty . Tlmo and again
her parents have 111be.1 her for gallg on
time 10unlnln. bu thly hnvo nlt been able
to leeep lIen from , the ; Cebble.
.
Ilslorlo 1pu1rr ln , ICIIIII.
Over In Alexandria there Is a sol II old
community whIch contains some historic
names , says time WahlnGlon Post. There , ns
In Georgetown chara91er outweighs estab-
Ishments and ietense. leolle like tile
flrents lerberts , Lewlae5 , Snowdens , Nor-
tons anti others of , that like were ladies and
gentlemen when nhlngton , was not even
dreamed of. The Herberls , for Instance ,
arc very nearly related to time lerberts of
Muckross Abbey one of tIme most anc'ent
suit tlstnglshed famiies In Great Irlaln ,
To illustrate the spirit and independence of
the lerb rts , an auhentc ( anecdote may not
be out of place. Some years ago time queen
of England paid a vblt to luekross Abbey ,
with a royal party i ahe had wlh her John
Brown a fatuous gully . for many ) 'ear her
fnlthful atendanl , Brown approached Mr.
herbert . the master of uckross Abbey , anti ;
said thaI her majesty desired thus and so
Ilone. The old genteman hooked at that
flunkey In a way lhat made him quail , and
aid ; "You gp anti tel her lajes y , wlh my
complments , that I lhc has any comnmunica-
ton to mnko to me a to bIer wishes , whie
Bho Is my guest that the master oC ! uck.
ross Is not In tile habIt of receiving time royal
commands Ihrougb a. servmmn . and that site
wi Please convey them for tile future
through an equerry or one of the S llt men
of her househo\l. " I Is l1edless ; to say thaI
Drown "fell hea'lr'
QUAINT ' , CURiOUS COREA
A Tour TrJughont the Interior or the
Hermit Kingdom ,
THE SWITZ.RLAND [ OF TiE ORIENT
how Iho Uuln ! CIR' Hrah 1.rlthln In
Sigilt amid I'RY for Nnlhln . -lhD lUlo
Throl h ( oll-I''rlln RUtt
Trade Ummions
( C'opyrlgiited . 1 . ty Frank O. C'arpenter. )
The occupation of Coren by Japan Is ai-
neatly beginning tG chanle time cotmntry . An
electric ralroael hns bcn l11annetl from the
capital tG time lan river , which lies three
miles away . anti It Is probable that the mi'
ehlnery for this wilt be gotten In the Unlled
Stntes. I Is twent-slx miles from Che- I
lulpo , whlcl Is Ito t laln Iort oC the coumn-
try , te Eeoul , nli time ralrond will bo built
over tim mountains , connectng the capital
wih the sea Sooner or Inter other rOllt
wi be built ' ( coIn Seoul to the we31 coast ,
anti to Pusan on the soulh coast , as well as
to the north. The northern reads will be
fostered by Limo Husslnns , nli there wi
probably ) be a connecton wih the trnns-
Siberian ronll , so that wo will e\entunl ) ' ho
nblo to go from 1lrls tG wihin a few hours'
sail or Japan by land. T day no one lows
much nboul the cOI1r ) ' of Coren. There Is
no land In the world outside of Tidbit which
hns been less eXlllorel.
"ery few travelers have gotten Into the
Interlo , anti time letters describIng the ' commmm-
try have been confned to the capial ; amid the
senports. I nm , I believe , time only Amer-
lean newspaper lan who hns traveled right
thrugh the penlmlla trom one side to the
other. I doubt whether the trill could pos-
sibly be taken tOIII ) I made I last SIII-
lien just on tIe t eve oC time rebellion , a 11 I
was curious In the extreme. My outfit consisted -
sisted oC six mel and four horses , nnd we' '
spout seven days nlong the Corean moun-
tllns , traveling for hours In time ciolmds and L
being ICettl In chairs I\ his so steep that
the ponies could not folow , The most of
tile way was on bridle patlls anti n great
part of time way was really dangerous emi
nccount of tIme tigers ali leopards. I was
like going through n new world anti were
I not for tIme notes which I tel < on the
ground I mllht think time whole journey a
dream.
TiE SNAKE AND TiE CROWN pmxc
I had spcmmt a month In Seoul amid had
been hobnobbing with the Corean nobles .
having ha(1 my atmtlience with the king . and
I supposed that I would have no trouble In
securing nn escort aCrO9 the country. I
waD mlstallen. Just al the timmme' I wanted to
tme
go time king oC Corea had crlercd all the
horses In Seoul to be brought 10 his Jalace
city , whlcl lies al the back of the capital
In crder 10 enable him to move to nnother
vast establshment which he has in-another
Part oC the city. lie hns more power , you
know than the czar , all he Is more super-
sttous than nn African king. There are
snakes In nearly nil the roofs of the Corean
imouse3 amid just before wu were ready to
go a big black snake about lS long ns n
man's leg had rcped down out of the roof
Into the crown prlnce's face whlo be was
sleeping , and the king thought this was n
bad omen and lhat the gods walt ' < him to
novo out of thepaiacalor. , a tinme. , .flesent
but his / orders and every pony In Seoul was
laid hmoici of by his officials. I hind engaged
four fast trelers , and the grooms were
hrlnglng them to my house when the om-
dais saw them _ and seized them for the
king. Had I or one of the foreigners been
vlth them , we could probably ha\o held
tfmem . but we were not and they were car-
clod off to the palace. I was stopping nt this
time with Mr. Power. the king's electrician
and he sent his soldiers outside the city
-
with . crders to- lay hold of the first ponies
thnl came. They broughl four shaggy
beasts out oC a party of eight. They tried
to catch tIme whole lot , but the other four
suspected their intentions amid galloped awny.
They brought them Into our courtyard , and
wo persuaded them tG go with us. A high
emclal In Corea as I rule , grabs everything
he can get , nnd pays Car nOlhlng. On this
trip we paid for everything , and II cost me
to go from one side or the peninsula to the
olher three hun < re < thousand cash . or about
SOO ,
5100.CARPENTER'S
CARPENTER'S GORGEOUS OUTFIT.
My party consisted oC four ponies and six
men , and I traveled like a Corenn noble.
Time king had given me a passport . and this
hnll an envelope almost as big ns this paper .
and the Corean characters upon II wpre
crcled with red In order to keep any wlro
from changing them. This described mo asa
a mighty American who was visiting Cocoa ,
and It dlrecteel the magistrates to entertain
mo on my wny. 'Ve had n servant with lS ,
who wore a gorgeous whlo gown antI a hnt
of black hmorselmair This man usually took
time passport and rode nhead with It to the
villages . In order thnl time mnglstrates might
know thaI wo were coming and ns wo got
to the towns we were met hy trlmpets and
bantis anti were escorted In state to time
goverment offices , In time guest room of
which wo were kept over night. I hnd six
Coreans In my party and I mnde the trIp
nlono wlh thmem My ell frienti General
Pak , of whom I have written before was
with me. and he commnnde(1 time outfit. Ho
hnll a gorgeous blue suit , which ho bougimt
for time trip , and his clothes were spotless
and clean His horsehnlr. hat r venture
cost $5 , anti his shoes were of kid . with
heavy soles of untanned rnwhhlo. Ilk spoke
very good English , anti ho acted ns my interpreter .
lerpreter aimd commander-In-chlef. We hnd
four grooms , two of whom were married ,
anti hence hnd tile rlghl to wear imats Tile
other two welo ' bareheatleel bachelors , and
they were tIme shnbblest , shoddiest , dirtiest .
laziest quartet I have ever seel Inside of
Cocoa or out of It. They were perpetually
eating . and they stopped at every cook
shop on time wny. Time four grooms walkcti .
General Pmmk . the servant and myself cello
Iale imad a sadmile wh'ch ' he hnll horrowed
from tile prime minister 1In Yung Jun.
the man whoso oppression caused tim recent
rebellion , and I hn(1 an Amerlcnn sadllo
loanell mo "r Genera Greatiiouse . Time
two aler ponIes were 10nl ( with olin pro-
visions amid baggage , ammd time servant sat
on time pack . Wo knew I wo would be en-
tertalned by time magistrates , all by General
Iak'advlco I bought a goodly supply of
liquors and cigars Tile cigars were very
chenp-I Ihlnk the newsboys woull cal
them "two.fers"-but they were wrapped
In tinfoil , anti time magistrates hnndlotl them
ns though they were solid gold , anti their
flces became oily wih 11Pliiness as they
smolid timeni 1 had n hnlr dozen bottles
of cimamnpagmmo several of claret antI not a
few of Chnrtreuse and cognnc. 'Ve were
expected to trent every party wo met , and
as the journey lasted seven elnY , our IIIPply
was none too large Wo lengthened I out
consimlerably however , by time size of tile
glasses Wo bought Ito cognao glasses
holding about a Ihlmbleful of liquor . and
passed It around to time government cJelks
In this way There Is no glass In Corea , '
and tile magistrates thoughl they were geim-
erously treated , and time higher Iho meantime
time more glasses ho gal As an especially
great favor , wo gave tile empty boles to
them 10W and timen and wo found tlem
greedily grabbe.1 . for wherever we went.
I wish I could show you how we rode 1n
state out gf Sul , wih my servant going
along In front and yelling 10 the common
people 10 get out of time way for the foreign
, Yangban We wound In and out among
thousands of low thalched imtmts now skirt.
Ing time sewers which run In open drains
through tile streets. and again being tlueezed
against the wail In order that some high ,
.slk.gowmi noble might pas by In his cimair
Wo rode for about a mile along one of the
main bUllnoss streets or the city , having 10
move carefuly In order hat t our hones
might not 'tep on time Illpf oC the merchants ,
who ElualUd on time ground I . front of their
stores anti smoke as lhl'y waited for cus-
tomnermm We went by time great barracks
where the ragged soldiers WhD make up
the klng's army live , and passed a gate of
. .
the old palace , which General I Iak tcl me
was time gate of Japanese Ekll ! and has
somime tradition of a sk4nned Japanese eon-
neoteti with it. We passed by chairs eorm-
taming time fair , but trail miancluig girls of
time kingdom , anti when uu'o hail gomme thrommgim
time great gate of timt' vall , whicim leads otmt
into the coumntry , we found one of these
girls sitttng wlthm imer eimair upon time groumnd.
She was not a tmashmftml girl , and whmtii I told
General l'ak that I wammted hmer photograph
ho asked lien to get oumt of imer chair , allti
siim hiSeti before my camera.e iassetl
scores of cooiies coinIng Into time capital
who wore hats of straw as big as llimmirellas ) ,
anti wemmt by caravamis of lwuies loadetl vItim
straw nnti pine bralmchies , wimicim were bnimig
brought Into time city for cab. Within a
feuu' mimiles of Seoul there Is a great caravan
of tlmeso queer Corcan hmtmcksters , petidiers ,
travelers amid swells , whidbl is ahways HIOV-
lug in or , nmt of its walls , ammd tilt ? scemme
is 'like an everchanging kaleidoscope , or
atramiger thmamm one of ICiralfy's most gorgeotis
extravaganzas. himsitbo auth emi the etige of
time cIty all uu'ns dirt nimti stiumalor , amid it
\uas blot umntil uu'e imad rititlen all lmotmr timal.
we apprecIated time beatmty of our stmrround-
imigs ,
TIlE SW'iTZEILLANI ) OP ASIA.
Corea winy be called time Swltzerlaimtl of
Asia. It is a hand of immotmmitnins mmmi1 valleys ,
of crystal lakes ammtl trickling streammis. We
rode for days timrotmgil come beatmtfmml 'aliey
after anotimer , mmmv goimmg for nulles timromigim
fields of rice lands , laid omIt in terraces aimd
covereml with uu'ater , ommt of u'imoeo glassy'
1111110 smmrface the emmberalmi green sprotlts lucre
jlmst peeping. Sticim 'ahleys lie right 1mm time
immoumotains , ammd time imihls u'lmiclt rise frollm
thmoni are as ragged nail as Imare na tile silvery
tmmotmntmiitms of Greece. 'riley clmamige in their
hines uu''til every cimamlgo of the hmcaveums , ammd
timey now hook like silver , anti ngaiim ttmrim to
masses of velvet amid goid , icpotte'i ' hero anti
timere with imavy blue Pimirs. Time clouds lies.
tIe 1mm their imohiows , antI timeir tops. In time
cver.var'imig air of Coma , missuiuli' at tIme
emigo of tIme eveimimig all sorts of faimtmtstic
511111)05. Ommr first day's ride was timrommghm a
valicy whicii uu'as as rich in gtlflmlo nmmtl as
black as yomir imat. It Ivas cult. ( ill witim
creeks , soimme of wlmichi vere a hlnlf miiile vde ,
ammd at timeso we founmb rotmglm macmi clami 1mm
wimite , wltim timeir pammtaloons liulieti up to
their timigims , As we cmtmme up timeso ilien bent
tbmeir lmacks aimti olmr grooms crauvled upoim
- thlemmi , and clasping thlt'nm arolmmmtl. tile imeck
timey were carrieti tlmrommgit time water , Time
porters received I cemmt for each trip , aimtl ( leim-
eral l'ak told inc timat timis work 1mm SOlmIe
times done by imuen otmt of clmnnit3' , antI timnt
time gods esteenl It a good act , amid the water
wimicim waslmes their legs at tIme sammie timmie
carries away timeir sills maId gives timeimm a
clean road to bmemmvemu , Other devotees stmtnd
ivitim cohmi uvater 1mm tile streets and give drimmk
to all timat timirat.
COREAN FARMING.
The otmntry sceimes of Corea are unlike
anytilimmg you see lit America. Time lanmi Is
hot mmmoro thmami imalf farmmmed. It takes imhme
immen to do wlmat one man miocs iii Ailmerien.
Timink of plmttimlg idime imiemi to one lout- ;
imaimdleti shmovel I One maIm hmolds tIme shovel
and presses it iimto time earth , anti fobmr stand
on each side and ptmil tIme thirt omIt by a rope
attacimed to time bhambe. The dirt is carrieti
fromim one part of tile iielti to anotimer iii packs
on time backs of macu , ammtl the grcat Part of
time laud Is dug ump uvitit a imoc , Time farmers
spend miiost of tlmeir time iii stumlttiiig nmul
smokiumg. Timey imave immimahi lmoldimmgs , ammtb time
crops seem to be gooti ivimere they are ltt nil
dliltivatemi. I saw mnuclm barley loud 501110
uvileat. It was all Plltimted imi rows ammti time
p001)10 imoe , tnd weed their wheat as we do
our Potatoes. These rows lucre fromim omme to
two feet wide , and between thiemu beans imad
been Plaimted. I saw sonic of the croims beimmg
put iii. Time groummmi svns first. made flmme amid
time planters timen dug , tIm imihls for time beans
by pressing their heels into time ground , Timey
dropped mime beans into thm imio amid covered
thorn over witlt a kimmd of a twist of time saumme
bare foot tilat mmmatle it , There uvere imo fences
and no barns , and I saw mm houses almme on
time fields. Time beoPlo live 1mm viiiages , and
they keep thmeir live stock under time samne
roof with timeir 'families. '
COREAN CATTLE.
Time Coreans use p011109 and buhiocks as
beasts of burden. Time ponies are very mali
and the bullocks are very large. They are ,
in fact , as fine cattle as you will see anywhere - ,
where In time world , and thmey seem very
docile and kind , Nearly all time plowing is
done by bulis , wlmiclm are hitched to time
plow by a yoke , wimichi rests just over timeli
simoulders. Our oxen imave yokes around
timeir necks , amid thley pull by imavimmg tbmc
weighmt of the cart or plow aonmowhlat evenly
distributed about timeir necks amId simoulders , ,
Timese Corean buliocks push everythIng aion
by time tops of timeir simomilders , hmoidimig tlmeh
lmeads down as timey toil. Timey seem tc
mmow very wemi , antI timougn tileir carts are
time rudest , timey carry great quantitlea of all
sorts of farm prodmmcts anmi inerclmandise.
Tlmey are used largely as pack animals , and
timey have pack saddles of wood , witiclm cx-
tend six immcimes above timeir backs , amtl
\'llidhm are heavily' loaded. Tiieae snmlthiee
oftemm gall tIle backs , and I sav nmany cattle .
tlmat imati patcimes of raw fiesim as big as your
Imand , wimere time saddle imaml rubbed off the
skin. Time buliocks are of a lcaumtiful ( swim
color , and timey travel aImlIOst as fist as a
horse. Time secoimil day of our journey one
of our packemi ilonios dropped , wormm oil , by
time wayside , anti Gemmeral Palc imired omc at
these Imuilocks to take its l'lmm' ' ' . ibe carried
my bag and time cameras anti albommt a hiuLimel
or so of money. At first I feared lIe would
keep back time party , but ime ki.l toe b'rcls-
sloim , going on a sort of cow trot all time way
and cilmnbimig UI ) time imills and gahiopimmm tbown
tile valleys to time imnimmiument miammgmmr of time
baggage. Ills only hmarness outside of imis
pack uvas a ring of wood , about as timick as
your finger antI as big arounmi as a dinner
bucket , uu'blich ilal ( beeim rim thlrougil Imis
nose , and to wlmlcim a rope was fastened. Time
macat of timese animals is very good , amti you
cmlii get as good beefsteak in Cores as you
can in New York , I foummti none for sale ,
imowever , 90 my trip across the country , antI
I was surprised to fiumti timat tile ieoimie do
not use ( lmiik nor imutter ,
hUNDREDS OF STREAMS ,
Cores is a well watered courmtry. We
found beautiful streammis everywimere , ThIere
were no roatls , and our journey was largely
Oh bridle patiltuVe croasetl time creeks and
rivers on bridges , wimicil were mnatie of pine
brancimes , with a thtimm coating of eartim , Iii
some places these uvere very nimsafe , amId lImo
imorses arid time bull went in up to timeir knees ,
so we preferred to fermi wlmerm we could ,
Timero is a good systemu of irrigation timrougum-
out time valleys. amId 1mm some tmlacos I saw time
p001mb builtbfng carmals in orter to keep time
water at imlglm level amid cover a greater ox-
tommt of territory. There were fully 1,000
men at. work , and cii inquiry I found timat
thmesa 'men were eomnposetl of time farmmmcra of
tIme nelgimhioriltmotl , vimo comimhiinc'd togetimer
for mmmtmtual atbvamitage , and tilat time uvater
was free for all of tlme association. 'rime
Coreans Imavo tlmelr trades imniommmm anmi time
piaimters hlroiahliy imavo a guild of their ouu'n.
0mb of the strongest labor mInions of time
coummtry is timat of time porters , whmo are linac-
tically tIme freight cars of Corea , anti uvilo
carry more timarm citiler time hiulloclcs or
pommic's. I photograpimed a miimmmmbr of timeimi
oim my trp ! amid sonmo of time memm wlmoin I
toolc uu'cre tet'nibiy fnigilteimmi , Oils was
loaded down witil shmoes and ime thmougimt timat
We were going to capture ills oui , Timls
seems to be. time generml idea among tile
Chinese and Coreans. Timey thiiimk that if
timeir pictures are taken tlte mali who owns
time canmera will imave commtrcml of tileir souls ,
ammd wIll worlc tlmemim cvii tilerenftei- , They
are superstitious In tll 'extremmie , anti the
stories about foreigners euttimig up Chinese
imalmies for mothiciimc amId team'immg out eyes of
Coreans to gnimiti up and make liimotograiimic
immaterial ilmmvo beeim iumdustnioubly spread by
time Ctmitmese , Everywhmere we wcmmt we foummd
tile people iiredisilosed to time Cimiumese , and we.
imeard mme genii words for Jalmami. Tile imeopie
imave beemm greatly ompremised , and time muon
wimo entertaimmed us 1mm time villages vere time
ofilcials wimo hail been squeezimlg tile lifeblood -
blood out of tIme commnon lCmlliO. ) Tlmese vii-
lagos nrc lilco no otimers Iii time uvomitl , arId
tIme little petty kings wimo rule time commmmtry
under tile name of mnagiutmates are so curious -
rious timat I will devote my next letter to
tilem ,
c 2
t
'IIIE BEST T11E ON RECORD
What Has Boon Accomplished by tlmQ ,
Trotters and Pacers in roiir YeaH ,
THE CHAMPIONS IN ALL CLASSES
itutt itiiet , nit time % 'nr l'athu-lIrunelI's
hiameiuig tmnuim-.lt's t'rnjurctmi-
, ummot ) '
Smilt5tulry tlrccti3'-
? ( ltm5 of
At tile close of iS9O there were sixteen
trotters auth pacers tlmat imati beaten 2m12 ,
aim emiumul ( iiViimioim iii imtmmntuers , Of timese , oimtu
trotter amiti timreo l'Acem-s immuti beatemi 2:10 : ,
OmiIy One of time qtmartet-hlai i'oimmter-hmavimig
a race record 't'"wv that figure. Tilat was
emily foumr years ngt. , , lout now tIle sixteemm
imas svehieti to 225 , anti of timt hot. seventy-
mmlx imavo beatemm 2:10. : Ammniyzlng tlle figtmocu
closer , it is folmimmi tlmat eiglmt immirimess horses
immive gommo a mIllIe iii 2:04 : or better , thirty-
two imavo beatemi 2:08 : , fifty-tlmree have beaten
2 : Qt , auth 200 immtvo teatcim 2 : i2. First out
time list commues timat royal lieu ) ' PflCC , Itobert
J , time kuiee-sprimumg , cockie-joimmted yomimmgster
timat PeoPle said hirown paid too 11111dm for
whelm lie gau'o $260 for tIme somm of ilnrttorti
at atmctiomt. lie imot Cliii' lc'atis witim hits timue
mark , but lmia race record is faster timaim aimy
other hmorso has ever gone.
Mix lbs cult a miotcim off ( lie record of
Nancy Ilnimkmm , nmmml helmmg sotiimti as a dollar
111mB 11 very fair clmance of training omm nimtl
boatiumg 2:03. : .hohmmm IL. Gentry imtts a racing
record of multi is time timimtl Immurimesa
imorse to imtss last year's himmilt. ilelow 2iO :
time greater porcemltagt ? of iiceti imas been
showim by time pacer , wilicil is almost stiro to
be time gait at wimicim two mmuimmtmtcs for mu mnilo
uu'ili first be beaten. ltnlpim'illces trotteti
time fmmstest immic thmis year by a mmtumlliomm , but
it is ilOt tile best omm record.
Iii tIme list of cimniTipiomms below will be
foimmIti t lIe fast eat nmmtri' , stall iou a mmd geld liu
In eacim class :
. ONE Mli.il-itACl.
J ¼ ilx. hi. ill. , by l'atmuag' ( iS'I ' ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
lir'cttmmmi , bik. s. . by iln'ctir ( iSD3m..2:0,11. :
Its inmicl 'r. , I , . g. , by lltie'm , im' . , (1191) ( ) . . . . . .
itot.ett .1. , It. g. , by harm fem , i (159 ( I ) . . . . . . . . .2O2' : ' ,
.itItn it. Gl'm1ti' ) , tI. 5. , il ) ' lm'IlIOitti't'ilkt's
(15511 ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2:03g. :
tImt' aimtrtIztii , h. ut. , mummy t'likel ( ¼ 93) ) , ,2:0sti. :
oNi , NlI.Ii-TiIl : .
.lhix , i1. 1mm. , iy i 'ittrt'n'mg" ' ' (19 ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .
mmrectunl , ilk , , . , Iy , ilni'cmor ( ls2m. . . . . . .
.Imty-lt'-See , mmmc. ic b'y iictntom' ' ) . . . . . . . . .
( 'rlciet , It. Ill. , l ) ) Slt'lmluvmmy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pivlmg .1 lb. m , . c. . tiy \ igimtt : ( ts'ai : . . . . . . . . . . . . .04 .
' 0111 I ut' , ii. g. , (4) ( ) by $ imttieittimti ( Jultu , . . . . .
To l\'AlON-itACI. (
A I flt'1 g , , 1. g. hy um llm , I iS'tll.2:11)1. ' : )
'Jolititttt'fl , I' . g. , I ) ) .lt , ' I tiusmt I ( Itsi ) . . . . . . . .
\V.'tUON--TiMi. ' .
Omu' , m.m1. ; g. , ly 1emitueicy I'm Ilict' ( l'.t3) ) , . . . . . Clii
itoyS'Iiimes , I , . m' . , I.y Aiim Inn lVllit'3 (1.91) ) .2:15 :
T1IA M-itA'H.
ttaxIe CnI.i , mmii N'ttt i eI Immnm ( ISSii . . . . . . . .2:1(31. :
'I teibe I itmttmim milid 'rimomlma , itytit'r ( i .1 .h. . . . . .
TU.'yi-'b'iat1 ,
1i'mm , , m itt OIl Ill auii , I Iomiet Il & 'oi go (1(92) ) . . . . . .2:1231. :
'ltmity 1) . anti . 'Iiu'ei mall ( tS07) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\VITIi ItUNNINCI y1.'r-lL\cLI.
Fm'anb , b. g. , by Alm'imimttuim ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\\'iTli ltUNNlNfJ 1A'I'i.-Ti1ii. '
Ayres 1' . rim. g. , my I'a'si'Cr aberm'uime Li 'Ill ) . .2f334 :
'Flylims Jib , I , , g. , by Aigomma (1(91) ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
YDAItLINGS.
l'ansy McGregor , dl. ill. , by Ft'rguim Mc-
( iregor ( mIll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AtltL'Ib , br. s. , by ' . ' ' ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
ileii , ' Acton , b. ni. , by iIlUhleillfl'i Oawnrti .
(1S92) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'ilob&iaie , it. It. , by Ilmlney ( ) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
'It'iio , g. g. , 1y , .leionte 1itly ib9i ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two-vmAIt.om.tMu.
Silicon , . Ii. mu. . ttl'litnn ( i192) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3:1511. :
Anon. b. mt. by 1'it'em : iOlt'Cm (1891 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031.
9emm.t mmlii , It. ( II. , i'y ' , 'IiiIamll m. tmIl (1593) ( )
2:12 : %
1)lreeliy , bi. it. , by iirector (1504) ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .2:0731. :
'rmmitug.YgAIt-OI.Di3.
Fantasy , b. nm. , Ity Cimilimes ( P193) ) . . . . . . . . . . . .2:01 :
Anon , b. it. , by Fbcctituie'r , ( iSt)2) ) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lO.a
'Ftimel il. , g. rn , by AIrittnVlikt'S ( iSJI.2iO ) ;
lVImirIIgig , 1 , . f. , by l'llmm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . : S
'HItiflIOlIt , ii. e. , t9' illtlutey ( i594) ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
'AtiOlmis , ii. g. I ) ) ' tltine3' ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : %
voumt-vm4Amt-ohms.
F'miiitasy , I , . mu. . by t'hlmne's (1(31) ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .2:00 :
ilrecturml , hi. it. , iy 1)lrector , ) . . . . . . . . . . ;
David Ii. , cmm. g. , hy Yotmuig Jlmmm ( iS'J3) ) . . . . . . . .
'i'ltlt' l'uwcrs , Ii. rn. by Aitticiso \\'Ibke
(1(14) ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lO'/ .
lbobort .1. , b. g.by lbartortl , (1592)tJ'331. ( ) :
'Online , Ii. mm. , by tilltttit'lltmld Oumwaitl (1591) (
. 2:04 :
1mm timis list time pacers are markr'd with
. .
Bob ICneebs imas reacimed Sioux City , anti
ime is mummukimmg imimsolf imearti nummierously.
TIme story of imis arrest , incarceration amid
subsetitmeimt release on hail , In Germany , eli
a cimargo of "ringing" on Goruman trotting
courses , imotably timoso of hamburg amid Ben-
un , is fanmihiar to nil turlimmen. 'rime pninci-
hal Case against Imlmn was that of time famnous
mnaro hbetimel. Ibis partner , Orrin F Ibefner ,
saitl lmeebs took 110.1101 to Iluropo imuriiozoly.
to ring hmer. Bob was soemm by a represents-
tlvo of Time flee Timursday , ammd lIe expressed
great intligomatiomi at tIle cimnrgcs against imim , t
anti miemmieti tilemmi all , absoltmtely , 110 gave
a wimole lot of itorseimmen a severe tlmrniumg
over , includimii Nat Browmm of this city. lb
said thmat lie had returned to tlmis comintry ,
to get aflldavitmt ammtl testimony to Present
to .timo autimoritiemm at llonliim , wimero imis case
is pomitiluig. 110 tilimlks imo can secure emiougim
iii six weeks to clear him , thmen lIe will stuo
time city of Berlin for imeavy mlmmmages , In
ills iiiirmtl , probably. Time imiare , Iletimel , imad
a record of 2i6 : ½ , itmimi it is allegeti idle was
emitered in races at Etibmhitmrg , Mancimester ,
Iinniburg anti Berlin ummdcr tIme mmamno of
Nellie Kmmeebs , amId won timem all imami..iily
Bob says lictlmeb is in tills cotmmltry and uas
never out of it ,
TIme new Chicago ttmrf palmer , Daily Itocing
Forum , Is a novelty that is already smiccess-
ful. Its miamiie describes it. Telegrapilic
copies of time oiilcial form slmeets of tIme
tracks open , with indexed mace and ntry
tables , are time features of the mmcw om'rnnl ,
timotigit it gives all time turf news of each
day. My old fric'imml , Framlk II. hirtmnhl , wimo
bias heon racing editor of time ( 'iiicmtgo 'rn-
iimuuio for four years , and D. P. Murray , time
Chicago fermn book moan , are at time heatS
of time mmciv daily.
Judging from tIme performnnmico of Allr ,
Wile WIth glveml a little ireliimminarY work at
Agricultural imarlc at Los Angles , tIme otimer
( lay , tile world's recorti uttantis aim oxcaiientt
chance of being lowereti very shortly , After
silo lmaml been joggeti two or tilreo mitiles , mthu
was talleR back to time lmulf. here , with no
tmrgluig , simply a free ileaml , 'imo caine itt moo
1mm 1:00 : % , amId tllroughm time stretclm ill 29
secomitis , Never 1mm hmer evemmtfui career iuas
timis splemmtiimi anImal becim in immucit granti
simapo ,
In a recent convcrsatioii reglrliiflg : rmlrectiy' ,
2:07 : % , tile chmamnlmiolm of 2-year-old pacers ,
Monroe Salisbury said : "ills daimi was
about tue commonest , mlo-acdiumnt.lookillg lit-
tie inlIne I ever saw , Silo was owmmcd by a
neiglmbor of mnlmme out in California u'imo bred
11cr to Direct to sqmmmire an account omm wimicim
I owed 11101 a small balance. Wimen time
colt was I or 5 mnontims olti I uvermt aver o
see It , amimi timore time .littbo cusp was in a
barreum field witim hmis damn , (1mm aim a simami ,
covered with vcrmmmin anti about as large as
a setter dog. lie was omme of lirt'ct's first
colts , and I didn't ammt to see mmli' hlorso
hirougilt into disgrace as a sire , so I said
to in ) ' imeigllbor : 'if you caim't afford to
feeti this coil. sentl him over to inc. I'll ' give
hmlm enotigim to eat. ' Tilts nettled 'time
farmner 3ust a little. hut ime kept time colt.
A few weeks later I was tlriiing along time
roati when I ramm across time br't't1er of Di-
reetly agillim. 'this timmie lIe imaml tile olti
iimure lmttcitetl imp to a ramslmacilo buggy ,
wltbm a imarimoss timat looked to Ito patched up
witlm roime in a dozeim places. On time cross-
itar of tile sitalts lIe imami fastcmmc'i ' a lmiCCO ot
brusit at ) ( list it tmicl ; out far emmemglm to
clear time u'imec'hs , and to thu iluti thud time
tiust covyrctl colt , 'rite little cituim went
silackiumg mmlommg by tIme side of lmi Ilamil 3uimt
as easy aimd smimeolim as you hiiea5a , I foh4
louvemi imlmn up anti watclleti imilim long eiiougii
to mnak tmp lily mniumd limat there was a colt
I could beat Itmo boys with soimic mis ) ' , and t
few mnuimtlms later I i.mougilt him ommtnigimt , ' '