WHAT IS INOWN { OF PO IPEII
Ravicw of the Results of Excavations in
the Buried Uty ,
HALF OF 1 HE WHOLE CITY DUG OUT
1IIIory I'f < sernd tor 1IhIN : ! Centuries
-l'rot. rlll , 1'0 ' ( r.ltelt 1.lvlnl
. \nlhurI7 , JelerlhC the
Uiscovcrlcs.
" -
The cly or PompeI already edsted In th
sixth century , n. C. , as II pro\'cd by the
temaln or ls oldesl publc Imlllng , the
Uorlo templo. Bul lbo date or lho ful
foundaton or lhe city II quie unknown , says
Pror. lhum In lho I.ondon Ialy News. I
Was Inhablell by the Oscans. 0 race whoso
language Is hnperrecly known through some
Inscrllllons , The name or PompeI Is Icrlved
Irom a worll bclonlng to thll anclenl Ian.
, Ihe worll "pompe , " or " , "
gage "fve Te
city wreslell rrom
Was ls original Inhabltnls
by the Samnltcs , when lhey advancell rrom
the mountains to the coast In about the year
.20 . I C. The Oscans and Smnles together ,
under the Infuence or the neighboring Oreek
colonies , developell a clvll7aton probably rr
outstrlppln. thal of the contemporar ) ' Ho-
man. In the years 342 B. C , and 290 I. C ,
the Smnlto wars 1c1 to the sUbjecton of
1'0011:1 by Home. The cly was Ilrawn Inlo
the Homan confederacy , during whIch It preserved -
served ls hllcilelllenco as to hOle aralrs ,
I was only In the ) 'ear 80 n , C. , when the
1amnltes were eOllluere,1 , by Home , thtPom.
11el became enlrely Homanl7ed , behl [ then
occupied by a colony of'eterans under 1.
Sula , , a nellhow of the then dictator. The
city was presenty nme,1 Cornela Venerla
l'ompelnorum , aler the fally nalo of the
DIctator Sult , anI } the godllesl of whom ho
wal a Illeclal devotee , and who then became ,
ns the Velue Pompelana , the tutelary dIvinity
of the ciy. . Al the same tmo 1 auburb was
loundel , probably hy the clt7ens wbo hud
beel driven oul In favor of the Homan vct-
erans , which was named ' " ,
Iaga l'"elx afer
the b-name of the dictator , alli later , In
10nor of AUlustus , Ialus AU UBtus I elx.
\ ' 'he descrilitoll which have 'been found at
' show that state
, l'ompel many olces exlstel
In pre-Homan lmes , "hero was u Komben-
I10n , naConal al5embly or senate , It Is not
Itown which ; 1 mldlx or medlx tUtx , the
hef of the city ; a 11lsstur or IIuestor , who
was prohably Intrustell with the city treasury -
ury ; and two a 111. uNles , employed In the
maldng of . Ulder the Homans ,
roals. lfer
80 n. C. , there were the usual decurlones ,
aeles , anl other pUblc omcera , also malY
} Irlests , Ilrlestesses , ministers anl magis-
a s. , l lIII 1 \ a bui on he Ilolnt of an
unclent Slream or lava , runnllg towlrll the
sea , close to the then -
ful-lowlng Hver
S rnus , The ciy was the natural southeaster -
er porL of the plln throush which the
tlver 10\ed. The sea was the : nolmore than
1,600 feel dlstlnt from the cty , the rIver
serving lB 0 harbor. On the banka of the
rIver stool 0 smal suburb of the cly. l rom
the husy porl were exportel nol only the
produce of the country In the InterIor , but
also the products of the 1IIIIn Isclf , namely ,
wino and vegetables , 'fhe lava was cul Into
mistones , wlllch forme 1 large nrtcle of
cxporl In the sEcond century D. C" bUl later
on this furce of profl ceased to be -
vated , nt } mistones were even Imported
Into PompeI from abrod , 'fho harbor town
grew more and mor wealhy , from the Cct
that lho Roman arlstocrac ) ' , atracted by
Is
beaulCul sluton nnd fno clmate. began to
setto In the environs. The Inhabitants of
PompeI nl thal tme numbered probably
30.000.
I wi bo remembered tha t the volc1nlo
mountln on the slopes of which
stood reawoke , afer ages of Inactviy PompeI ,
the ) 'ear 63 A. D. , when mny
:
buidIngs
were damaged or destroyed. Traces or the
earthqual < thal happenC then are stl to be
seen In the excavated cty , Then , In 79 A.
D. , came the awful erupton which , whie the
pople were sti repairing the damage done
In 63 , burled the city to 1 deplh or more
than six feet , In smal pumIce slones , and ,
1000 tmo later , with 0 rain of ashe. to
. 1
simiar depth. Thee pumlco stones and
fshes were nol red hot. as Is generaly be-
levcd , aa the wed has been found seemingly.
carbonized , has only been thus by
chansC
chemical processes. Traces of real burning
on the mural paIntng Ire very eaiy dls-
tnglslld Crom the rod tnl which , In some
unexplalnel } way , overspreads a greal
of the wal paintngs when these have como
In contact wlh the ashes , The manner In
which lerculaneum was burled was very
diferent , .tor there the pumice and ashes do
not le In regular strata , ns In PompeI , bUl
are mixed together In 1 sort of muddy
. pate , which , hardened Inlo stone during the
course of tme , mak s excavaton difcult
Aflr the ca tropho the upper stories In
the houscs In PompeI protruded above the
ashes , showing where the city lay , Dgging
on a largo acale then took place , ad -
buid-
Ing material and vlluable object were carried
Iway. AI the marble , except a very few
frgments , was removed In anclenl .
Later on tbo remaining Upper slrle3 oC the
houses wcre destroyed by tme , as very
of them has been found. In 7 A. D. most of
the escaped. has been
Inhabiants I clcu-
lated that only 2.000 ot the 30,00 were
klC on the spot , but hOlv far the
fugItves
were able to nm Is nol known : the tact b
thal many of them were overtaken and burled
by the Caling ashes al a place on the banks
of tbe Suno , not Cr rrom the city , for In
1880 and 1881 mny skeletons , together with
lany valuable objects nOlv Itept In the Naples -
ples museum , wee tOlnd there.
UN COVE lNG THE CTY ,
Tholgh the existence of PompeI under
the tehls thal then covered Il was discovered
IS early as 1694 the ciy has only been regularly -
ularly excavated stnce :748 : , and tl then
year 1825 only the Ilublc buidings round
the Porum , the theater all the streel or the
tombs had been lal } open to lhe view. The
present reasonable anll scIentfc 10do or
excavaton was begun by Prof. , l lorel In .
1861 , nl } contnued by Irot. Hugglerl , who '
has only just resl
his
In
nel ofce con le-
quenco of advnced .
hi : age. At presenl
nearly the half of the whole ciy Is ex-
cvlted and the elrclo of Is wuls dete-
Ilned. It Is probablQ thal the "
stl Ine"-
IIrl nqt contuln
Cvuted : wi many publo
bUlllngs , perhups a few temples all b hs ,
bUl I the presenl slow rlte of excVton < be
, Il talle another
contnue,1 wi fty or slxly
yer to lay the whole city bare , The shape
of PompeI Is nearly oval : the city wals follow -
low the IlollcS of the lava hi on which Il
Is buit , only croninI thnt hi at the part
where Il rests ngalnst 10unl Vesuvius.
'h O"II ! w s alloU on _ xe'lplun , The
'wu streets MercurIo and
IJrlClpal , tHralt II
Btradt II Nola , crossel II frol north to sOlth
and fem west to east. The side strelts run
crosswlro to these two , al } only -
slghty dl-
vlate from the stralghllno al lertaln poluto.
'fhe cly wal Is preservtlln Ia norilern prt
nnd a great of
southern ' ,
porton Is &
bul on the welt all } at the weot Qrner COUI'\
Is southern COUTO I was already
down In , and pUled
ancent tmes Il Illac.
oCllpled
by houses , 'fho wal has thut . at s , to
whch distnguishing names have b ( Ivon.
The Ilublc buldlng thal are belnl fou,1 ,
nro sllatlJ In two great groups-ono
the I'"orum , ami the other near the Htablan arolml
Hato. nut the publc baths are
Irregularl ) 11 oVlr the ciy , The tlstrlbulell lnt .
\ houses '
I\ertant hl\'o been namell to
very dlferent reBOl8 , some pccorthl/ -
lfer diltll-
Gulshe persol. who h:1o : wlnelslj their
excaraton. for example , "louse of 111) Oran }
Duke lf Tuscany : " others after sUbject. of
art fouO therein , a the "louse of the
I"aun , "
and othera agin aler their '
propletor A the "louse of 'Ulllospd .
I. wil to lake nolce or thele namel. : .II"t. .11 I J
unt : them Ihat the guides point , ) ut Iho
buid lugs. A more reaonsble methoJ cf
lanllng Is that from the broao seals -
cvlet II the hOUS0 engravld the
wil
nlnH1 of the owners , or frolInacrlJlons. .
WHAT ' ,
TiE lULINGS l'HOVF
The oldosl buiding In PompeI Is Iho de.
strnd Dorio temple , which helolgs to the
atxt century , D. C. The ciy Is also
etrlmoly Ilclent , but ' \'en an wal
date cannot bo determine. apllrxlmato rell of
the bUlhlng Llong to two dIstnct groulls ,
accrIng aa the ) wlre buil , before or
the foundllg . of the Homan cOlouy In aler .
C. The IJre.Roman are
edllC'
the best. They Were buit under the direct , .
Infueuco of Oreok culture , Ind ahow the.
pur. boautul for. of the Doric , Ionic and
.
slyle8.
Crinthian
Is the aplrled .tyle Especialy remarkble cap.
II , buit ot no csty wtcrlol. Th col.
umns and tbl Ileams are Reneraly of gray
lufa stone , coated with white or colored
sllcco : marbl ! I rrely rOlnd. The tech.
nlcal work II aho Imperfect. Dut the
Homan buldlnRs , though or an Inferior and
olen coare style , are made of suprior ma.
terial , such marble or the .
fne lme.
stone caled trlvertne ; and the workman.
ship Is beler , The I"ulle the temple of
Apolo , and probably the temple of Jupiter ,
the oldesl prton of the forum , the so.
caled "school , " the Stablan baths , the large
theater , lhe colonnalles of the triangular
rorum , the barracks of the Iladlator the
paleslra , the outer vorton of the porta ma.
rlna anll the Inner porton ot the other Rates
al belong to the publc cdlnces or thl pre-
Homan To the
perlolI early tme of the
Homan colony helong the balhs near
forlm , the smal theater , the amphitheater ,
the temple of lho CapItolne dlvllites anll
the Inner porton of the porta marina , Al
the other pUblc buidings were bui In the
later Homan style ,
ANCmNT PAINTINOS ,
The murA palnlngl belong to four suc.
cesslvo Itylel. The lrl style , that of the
pre-Homan period , consists In hnlalons of
marble In - .
deoraton plato stuco-work.
There arc no fgurel or pIctures In this
style. The second slyle , belonging to the
tme of the Hlman republc , consists In
palntell Imitaton of marble , anll also In
, not fantaslc , pictures with architectural -
tectural subjects , ahowln. elfces , such as
mlghl hare actualy exlstel. The third
slyle , thal of the Roman Imperial 11eri0l ,
tl ahout 6 A. n. , II orlmental decoraton
In the } gyptan taste , ,1stngulshet\ \ pure
anll heautful forms In tender an , } graduated
colorIng. The fourth slyle , belongIng to , the
tme InlJclately Ilrevlous to the destruc-
ton of thl city , ShOI\1 a pccular love for
Cantastc , tlender , IJlayful archiectral
subjects , nn,1 , Is the Idndeneraly understood -
stood when we speak of
Iompelan w11
palnlngs. The coloring Is less delcate , the
ornaments not so pure In form , bul al are
stronger an' } more .
erectve. Especlliy
nlmlrahle , II the rich Cancy dlsplaye , } In the
nrehlectural decoraton , Almost ni the
fgure suhjects In the paintngs of
helon/ to the thlrl } an,1 , rourth st'les. PompeI
PompeI was wel an , } entrll ) paved In
, lays an , }
Is earlest
wel provlled wlh
dlnkhl [ water. The Oscn afI } L1tn In-
! crlptons engravell or painted In red color
generl ) ' relate to electons ; a Cew arc an-
Qouncements of Smel ; whal cal be de-
clpheretl of the "graftI' or scratcher In-
scriptons show that ther are Individual
elnslons. the expression of goo,1 wishes ,
the menton of game ! verses , etc. Anum-
her of woode tablets cOted with wax
111 Inscribed , whIch were Cound In the
hOlse of the banker , I. . -
Caecllus JUCUI-
dns , have now heen declllhere,1 , In the
Nnillel museum , and are mosty receipts.
The few Crgments of the anclenl DorIo
temple on the triangular forum show Ihat
Il greaty resemblell the famous temples
or laestum and Selnus. The temple was
already destro'ed In the early duys of
PompeI. an,1 . , a sllbby snctury erected
In Is place.
.
! hlnhl Work nolh "nr .
Chlcgo Tribune : Ils Wle-Oeorge , ) 'OU
are becomh/ a connrme,1 , smolter.
SuhurbanlteIy dear , 1 am comllelel } to
rIde In the smoltng car so much thal I
oren
have to lght a cigar In set-dlfen .
Same Suhurbanlte ( a few hours later-
Amanda. you smel rrlghtuly of fIonions. .
Ils WIfe-My rear , Bridget frequenty cats
defense ra\ onions , , and 1vo been eatng one II sel-
.
lC rI ( I ( V.Y.
"Sam" Jones has become one of the editors
of the Tennessee Methoist ,
The Christan Endeavor societes of Aus-
trala number 1,020 , with a membership of
30,603.
The Income or the Drltlh and ForeIgn
Dble socIety for 1893 wal larger than the
year preeding by $5,000 , and reached the
sodly SUI of $1,161,000 ,
Dlshop Thomas March Cark ( Episcopal ) of
Island the anniversary
Rhoe wi clebrate Corteth -
versary of his epIscopate Deember 4. le Is
now more than 82 years old ,
The number of Protestanl missionarIes
( men and women ) Iborlng In Soulh America
Is 330 , representng seventen mlslonry so-
eleUes , aud reportng aboul. 20,000 communi.
.cants. -
In New Mexico the woman's
executve
commUtee of Home Missions hs more schools
thn al the /overmcnl and other denomina-
. IncludIng Homan
tonal. Calholc , schools
cmbIned.
Misses Judson and Lmson , of
Clevelam } , 0. famies , the former the wealhy
ler of a judge , ha\ ' " Joined the
army , and are lving In the army barracks
In thal .
ciy.
Al formaltes.alendlng the retremenl of
Dr. Talmage as pastor of the Drooklrn -
nacle have been obser.vec and the severance
of his relaton , which has. existed lor years , Is
now complete. .
Dshop loll and his party of missIonaries
saied from New York Thursday for Liver-
pool on their way to Freelown on the wcsl
coast ot A rca : , the headquarters of the
Unled
Drethren mission.
The Congegalonal Homo Missionary society -
ciety reporls thal for the pasl seven months
the Income ha been $61,349 In advance of
lhat of Isl year , and that $21,000 of lhls has
been In conlrlbutons ,
'rhe permanent fund or the Doard ot Re-
ler of the Presbyterian church has been
growing from year to year unt I reached
al the ell of the Ilsl fscal year the handsome -
some sum or $1,386,776.74.
'Voman's work In IndIa has made greal
progress. There are now' 71 women mls-
slonarles-Corllgn and Eurasian-In IndIa ,
These have access to 40,613 zenanas , and
have 62,41 girl pupis In the missIon schools.
Chinese Christans are conductng In agla-
lon agalnsl the cruel custom or fool binding.
At a gathering In the Centrl Methodlsl Epls-
COIII church , Shanghai , numberIng 600 persons -
sons , a commitee was for an
crusade. , appinted actve
The Presbyterian Doard c lome MIssions
reporls total recipt for seven months ,
$316G70. a /aln of $89,291. at thIs $ GO,601 Is ,
In legacies , $33,689 In the women's donatons.
The re lar church have
'aboul $7,000 , donatons Calen or
' 'ho venerble Dr , Dartol. stl lving In
retrement nt his old homa In Doslon , Is
allost the 001) survivor of the famous
wrlera and thinkers of old days and the lasl
ono of the Transcendental cub : , which In-
cuded Alcot Emerson , Hawthorne , and
othern.
HoMr. . 'Vatson of l < lngston , N. Y. , who
has carried ritualsm In hi chnrch to tbe extent - I
tent oC swinging Ihe censcr , Is In I fair way ,
ot losing al his parlshlonerd , Dut he Is .
nate nnd says : "Though they sway the sun
on my rght ; hand and the moon on my .
they shal nol prevai. " lef.
The American Doarll of COlml loners tor
foreign missions has received $17,600 through
the State departmenl al Washingon from
811ln as Indelnity for the loss or Ilroperty
and other Injury In cted upon ls work al
Pouape , ono of the Carolne Ilanls , by the
Spanish authorites 1 Cew years Sgl ,
mshop 'V. n. W , Howe of Ihe Protetant
1 1)lcOIJal ) ,10ceso or South Carolna dld al
his home In Chari cst on Sunday afernoon.
Ishop 10we WIS disabled by paralysis about
tlO year ag and al the dloceln conven-
ton In the spring of 1893 He\ Ellson
Capers was eleted Isslstant bishop and hi
alnce been the actng bishop. Dr blshOl1
Howo's dlJth Hev , Mr , Capers becom s
bishop of the dIocese. tie
A story I told of a country clergyman
whoe' fnances do not apprent ) ' extend to
bankIng olleralons and experlenco. Going
to a bank wih a check , the clerk hand
It back wih a reuet that he would In _
dorso It , and It ahould then b cuhe. Afler
much the reverend
delberaton
came to Ihe cnchulon that he genteman , .
out violaton of his conlclence , wlh. .
the request. So he took the treuured piece !
01 paper and wrote aerosa the back of II : '
"I heartly Indore thll check. "
A new church ha becn organize , } In St.
I.oula , lodeled afer the church at the
namu In Ls Angele. , Cal. , which , organized ame
lwa ) 'e UI ago by a Ilal band , ha '
to a membrshIp or 10,00. Deler In a 'oln ,
In the dlvlnlly of Christ , or In a future state
Is not fQulred of Ita meilbers. It avowo,1
Is "to meet the socIal , Industrial -
dustrial , Intelectual. moral Ind
demalds ot such Ibernl and splrlual
Ilrogresivo
minds as do nol 1nd these demands BUm.
clenty met In alY of the .
eistng o
< anlz.
tons to atsfy the requirements 'of the
presenl aud appOching era. "
Oregn Jldney Tea cure ni kidney trou.
bin. Tria 11 % 25 cont. . Al druggll' ,
TiE OUA.I : DAIY nEE : Q DAY , DEOE { nER 17 , 189,1. ' 1
lINDU IAGIC OUTCLASSED
Wonder-Moving feah tht , Sober Scientsts
MARVEL ! OF : UE EECTRIC WAND
Ulleinl'lntl Ind NIIN nnl l'lrlnl JII ! !
. .
- \ I.Rmp thnt
Jurl Ulder " "Ier-
The 11nlIcni r"UII "ld ' 'c.II' ,
lory 1IUII ,
( Cop'rlghteI , mi. I ) ( cClure. )
An ) ' one 01 our m drrn eletrl : l scien-
tsts could , by departng from the dlgnlly
of his caling , launch out as a professlonll
magicIan ami malIC a rortune on the stage ,
Nlkola Yola , ldlsJn , Prof , BII Thomson
and man ) ' other earnest workers surpass In
their laboratory experiments anything done
bohlnd the footights. No Indoo juggler -
gler cn do Inore In the gentle art of .
myst.
fylng than the electrIcian. Is apparatul Is
slmille ami his results arc amusing enough
to sound a .
recal.
Thomas , \ , I dlson se\.eral years aso had
1 smal motor which ran without any al'
lrent electrical conneclon , 1 stoo,1 UPOI
n table anll whirled ratllH ) ' , 1 was vcr ) '
myslylng In lho then stase of electrIcal
science anll s\'orel of IlerpetuI molol ,
The real secret lay In lhl Cnct thaI
from the baao or the motor were projectng
metal Ilns which , whcn the motor was
laid upon a table , penetrate,1 , the thIn veneer
of the table lOll fnd made
wires underneath. connecton wlh
An electrIcian such device
woull tlsdaln :
now. Hecenl Ilrogress has sho\l that It 13
not necessar ) ' to have e\'en the
wires , Iotors 10\ run and tlellond connectng
drlllng power en the electrical oC
exciement
the Itmosphere. The ) ia ) ' be Car removed
from the
the
an,1 , ) 'el worl applance ) ' generatng , Nesla 10wer
merriy
hold 1 lamll II his hand , slarul In the wi ,
Ile of a brgo room , awa ) from al wires or
metalIc connectons. anl the laml wi glow
and send Corth 0 rai lance not to be ' .
Whal coul } be more magIcal thn e'lualel.
TI SPINNINO Imo.
Coull ChrIstopher Columbus have visited
the ChIcago expositon he would hve found
his trIck f malellg an egg stanl on eli very
much hUllrol'e.1 by aid cf eectrlclr. ] In one
of the exhibis was a hllt egg on end
upon a table , "lsUors wondered whal male ,
thal egg stall on enl , Then It was dlsco\-
erel thal the egg was not stanlng , , but
whirlng-whirlng wll such ! , tht
I seemell to stnlul stl , Stlidenly the egg :
No"n"l.r.1 stoPl1ed moving all n , Cel nM..n. Ilown ' Ilon , _ Its _ silt
- - - - . . . _ 0. . . . . . . . 0" " ' " " " . I 13 a cry
sllple Ilhenomenon , easiy proluc , nn
e\'rr ) ' lay occurrence In the hloratory. l all The
egg helonged to Nilola Yes In. ami Is al present -
ent In his laborator ) In New Yorle Cly. In-
silo the egg were arrnged several of
wire , nnl these were acte,1 , Ipon by cols
other hy , but b '
cols ner InconlectC ) any
mechanical proces with the egg Iself ,
TiE AITEHNATNG CUHRENT.
When thl aleralng current of .
as Ils caled , bZan to bo understood several
years ago , Il was notced that vcr ) ' \
I\ecular
phenomena were on .
ateldant
When , for Instance , a Is acton.
pecularly
ot wlro was plcC1 ! ar another col that
was lravorsel ! hy
al alernatng current -
rent , a ' place }
repulsl'e acton tok al
the cols were driven away Crom each
other. Ulider olher
suied. Dy manlpultng cnditons alraclons cols ri
of alrctons and repulsions were produced
and thus I bec'me possible to gGt any number -
ber of strange erects , one of them being the
npparenty causeless whirlng of the egg. '
Another Is the acton of a bunch of ke's.
which , thrown up n the table In place of the
egg , whirls so rapidly thl Is form Is undls-
tnglshable , A copper plato or a copper ring
Is ateeted precisely the smo a the
col
when 11lace near an alerntng eurrenl .
It wi bo driven away or . col.
attracte.
10w easy. then , for the elcctrlelan to turn
magican and mysty an audience. A simple
undernealh I table wi crete more mystery -
tery 'or the than
unlnltatC
a
spiriualstc
Snce , The Intervening wed of the tble
cuts no fgro In the general clculaton.
The alernaUn current Is a leveler ,
geal
I care for nothing , A col lraversed.by the
current wi create al around Il an electrical
atmosllhero that wi penetrate wooJ. glass. or
anything else of the same nature. Prof.
' 'homson of Lynn , Mass. , has performed -
formed a number of experiments which show
the grealposslbllUe for amusIng which ma ) '
be gel oul of the allernatnr current ,
THE FLYING nNG.
Perhaps the mosl wonderfu1 trick or Is
the 010 In which the eurrenl overcomes the
Corce or graviy. A sborl , stout column of
wood ' stnd 00 lhe laboratory table , Near
by'Is 1 copper ring 1 trile larger lhn the
column , Conceale' } In thal column of wood
Is 1 col traversed by an aleratng current.
Now , strang as It ma ) ' seem , It Is 10-
posslblo to keep that rIng on tbat column.
Place It there and It wi fy or the momenl
you take your hnd nway. Throw It on , II
wi balance Iself la mllair around the
column tbo !
unti eeclrlcly overcmes the
force ofravlty , and then Il
/ravlty wi fy away as
berore. The repulse acton has taken place
Rl } forced the ring away from tbe Immediate -
diate neighborhood of the concealed .
The efect Is realy magical. ' 'he ring can
be made to ner the In
one
sty : col way-
hy taking advantage of the aUracUvo ,
: cton
You may stand 01 the ring edge. as
I
were , on the projectng core of fuoh a .
and frmly lho , atracton al this spol wi col.
A I.AMP DURNS UNDER WATER.
It Is one oC the prlnclplls of the .
natlg current that when a Is aler.
by It , It has the pOWlr to Induce traverset
to few In another col , If the latter Is
broughl wIthin the electric atmosphere of
the frst col. Prof Thomeon has taken ad.
vantge of tbls facl to produce a very
myst'lng and very beautul experiment.
You may walk Into his laboratory some da
and behold an Incandecent lamp noatlng I .
around In a jar of water , anll connected with I
0 dynamo. YOI may safel' It thIs lamp
oul of lhe waler and examIne It. The Ihht
wi be extngished Immedltel' , and
YOI wi examine the lamp , a I
be Cound la the bao ot I. fmal col lamp
bck Into the water , , al11 It Immediately
wi
relght , Yel there Is no substance In the
watlr 10 cause the phenomenon , Is pure
water. Dut thlre Is I col concealed unde
the tahle , traversed by powerful .
natlg currnt , Dy means 1 of a aler.
I 11
Inductell II the col which Is securetl In the
buo of the lamp , and tbo Is
lahtll. Such nn n" I. . .n.1 later Uu tbus _ _ _
- - - - - . .n " 0 _ " _ n. . "
. "U" LIU pro-
fesslonnl slago would the
wonderment. The jar nHed euse with greatea
merely USl < for efect , tor If the lamp Is
taken out of lhe water and laid 01 the table ,
It wi lght lP jusl as Quickly. Such an ex-
hibiton as this oughl to '
gra\'o
cuso -
forI-
bodings to be experIenced throughout tbe
match trade.
DALLS AND II.ATES SPINNINO ,
The qUEeresl aqusrlum In exlstenc. prob.
ably , Is owncll by Prof. Thomsun. . I or
ho USM the same jar and water In which the
lal11 WIS ehibied. IIs fsh are dlerenty
shaped Ind constructed Crom tht ply
Ihe 5ea. In fact , Ihey cou61st or alY :
metal bals nOI a metal IJlute. SCme Tose smal }
Into the water t
lghty ey Immediately reo
valve al a to churn
speC lutcleDt up the
lquid to a defree. They strike ea ( , other
and creen from side lo aId I at a great rate ,
and the physicl acton Is'ery
Instructvo
and Intereslng to walch , As In lhe
or the Ilmp , the wter Is not cae ,
The bals may be laid on the necssary the
table and they whirl 01
wi as fasl as
Tesla's egg , I Is the old story of the dil
cncealed beneatb tbe lable. col
A MAGCAL HOOP ,
In the 8mo laboratry tley take a melal
plate and : In on .
Ipn a plvct , nol by nny me.
chanlcal means , but by lurroundlng the plate
ald pl\ol wih what appal to be a large
hop at'ehed to a handle. The hop , how-
enr , 1& realy the cre at a large elelrlc
col , wlro bing wrapped round and round
II. The repulsion and atracton let Ull In
the hoop eau es the metal plata to revolve.
It Ihe bunch of keYI before m were
thrown on Iho tabla and wlbln tbls hoop , It
\ould whirl a rapidly al In tbo frst In.
.tanc. Mo would the egg.
I'r"f. Tbomson hn descrIbed how he
ha
laid a on a table .
COllon ateII fle under.
neath whlcl a cal wal Ixe and culed
metal dlcB to revQlve 11 hll hands by mercly
holding the dl.o nea to the le. Uut even
thIs I not a curious a 1 fea performell
In another laboatoO' ,
: hbt 10nK sinc A
number of metfl pl tu ere laid out on a
table nl though In for R dinner
pari ) ' . Thln somt 1reparnlon t asked to
seat lhemselves at the UbiI anl } no soolr
had thc ) done so than the plale suddenly
begn to jump Inlo the Ilr. NothIng
ha\'e becn more starlln nn , } thlre cul
general and Instanlndts , stampede. Then
Il was Ilsclosed that Icb plte hod been
11 < , ler } the table. above wh ; 1 1 cal was plnced
l olowlng II an ! 1C 'obtalnl ' rrom the
above : One or the uons present sURgeste
that church contrIbuton bO C8 couhl be male ,
on this plnn " 'Ih cMfuI resuls. Such 1
box hns been m : < e , : n < It Is limply Imposll.
ble to gct money to iia ) in It. Iennlo es.
peclaly ha\'e no lking for It and fy out In
1 surprising manter.
TIm D.\NCING NAI. .
The lame principle whIch governed the
abo\'e wa applc1 In another directon , } urln
an e blbllon which was given by the l"rank-
In Instute of Phiadelphia some tme ago ,
In the middle or the hal stoo,1 a plain pIne
Ible and cn I was a hanllul of orllnar ) '
tenpenny nnls. The nais II ) ' In a hell al,1 ,
It looked as tholgh lome workmen ha , } thrown
them there. Spectator were bls watchln
other things an,1 , the nais were passed Ith
a glnce. 101\'e\'er , the e'es of ota ol lally
and genteman nely popped oul of tbelr
beads when happening to lo k at the nais
the later al got UII on en < , heals up , an,1 ,
aclual ) bowel and scrape , } to the astonlshe , }
couple , The tble was slrrolllell In an In-
slant b ) ' astenlsheJ people , before whom the ,
nla palretl or al11 danced an , } walzel Senne !
fel on their sIde ! , hil Immclatel ) [ Ol Ull anI }
h wCI nn apology , Cols beneh the table
< Id Il al. The heacl of the nals , contaIning
moro hnlk than the IIolnt9 , ststalnc,1 more
repllh'e acton alli eonaCluenly got fartheal
away from the col , which II Is turn was
regulated from anolher arl of the room.
!
NlWI.A TI SI.A 'S IXPlI : I mNTS.
: Ir. Tesla , In the cour e of a recenl el'en-
Ing Iccture , reqleste,1 , that the lghts be
turn ,1 , el. I was done. an , } then the nHI-
ence sai a tril ) nuglc , sIght , There stood
the electrician with a mal lmp In his
han < all hil hanll abve hi. hell. : Tays of
tteqlalell beauty came from the lamp and
epreal Iown ovr the hOdy of the In , The
lamp was I simple allr : ni no wires con-
nectcd Il wih a hlh ! n sOlrce of sllII ) I
was : S Ie the lamp of AhMln , had been rlbbed
amI beautul jewels were sleamlng forth.
This was folo\ell by ancther a 11 e\en
more startng experiment Again the room
wal darllenel. The lecturer became In\llble
t the and
eXlleetanl spcctators then a human
haml , 1Ilin alHI Iltnct , a hand of fre ,
r : che < Olt from the darlmess and , al trans-
pareut , was eln wllng : alor whie shootng
oul Cro:1 Il werA sparks ali slreams of lght ,
II eXllolton or these seeming wonders let
.
me give ! r. Tesla's o\n wor < s :
FXPLANS TiE WONDERS.
" " 'hen l\vo \ cOlluctna bodeg _ _ ! nr' In.nl'Pll !
u _ n _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ .
and electrifed wo say thl an electr0lte
ferce Is actng between them. This force
mnlfests 13elf In attractons , repulsions au , }
stresses In the antI
belies space or tellum
wihout. So great 0 ( ) be the strln exerled
In 11 air thal Il may brealt down. al } we
observe spark or bundl s of Ighl or stream-
ers. as they are cled. These streamers form
abundanty when lhe force through the air
h rphly var'lng. I wi Iustrate lhls ac.
ton In a ncvel experlmenl In which I wl
emllloy an Inducton coIl. The col Is con-
talnC In a trousl ! of 01 and Is Ilace ( ! Inler
lho table. The two , elds ot the secondar
wire or the col pass lhough two columns
cf hard rubber which Irotrude some helghl
above-the table. Atached to one wire running -
ning through the hard : rlbber Is a large sllhcre
of sheel brass , 1
"I now set the col to Iwor nd
: apprch
the Cree termlnl . !
, a
: wih. metalc objeL hel
In my hand , this simply tQ avoId burs. As 1
approach the metalcj objecl to a distance of
eIght or Len Inche ! a torrenl of rurlol sprks
breaks forth Crom the tnll of Ihe slcondar
wire which passes through _ the rubber col-
lmn , The spark cease when the metal In
my band touches the wIre. \y arm Is now
traversed by a powerful electrle currnt , vi.
bratng at the rate or 1,000.000 tmes a sec nd.
Al around me lhe electrostatc force maltes
Iself fel and the air molecules and par-
tces or dust frIng ab Ut 'ar ncted upon : nd
: re hammering violenty agalnsl m ) " body ,
So geal Is the a'glatonrot the partcles that
when the are' ' out
lghts tured you may see
slrems ot feeble lght appear on some puis
ot my body.
"I can make these streams or lght visible
to al b ) ' touching wUh the melale object
one of the termlnls as before , ali approachIng -
Ing my free hali to the hrss sphere which Is
cmnocted to the other terminal of the col.
As the hand Is alproached the air b lween
It and the sphere , 'r In the Immediate neigh-
borhoo Is more vlclenl ) ' agitated , and YOl
see slrels of Ighl brelt forth from my
anger lps and Crom the whole hand. "
THEODORE WATEnS.
o
JIIGler'd TrJckR. I
Clnqnoval the French jugler , says that
Il Is hard to tel which Is his most Ilmcul
lrlclt , "As a usual thing , " he goes on , "the
eJslest trick Is the mosl 'howy And gets the
mosl allplause , whlo some very difcult teat
'wi nol get a hand , ' as we say. For In-
stnce , the trick of throwIng a potato In th
air , divIding It wih one storl < o ot the knife
anI } lhen catching the two halves , ono on
lho rork Ind ono on lhe knle , Is perhaps the
most dllCllt , and tooll me nearly two years
to learn. I Is so quickly done , however , and
apparcnt ) ' so eay , thal an audience canlot
aplreclato It before It Is over. I.et me pur-
posely drll the I\otato ill } catch Il on the
Imle blade just as Il Is only an Inch from
10 the unexpected. , and they bursl Intoavpluse. - . I I
"Two others of my mosl ,1m cull tricks ,
ote , balancing a cigar on tOi of another on
my forehead and tossing I from there so
tbal Il lurns o\'er once and Cals point Irat
Into a cigar holder In my mouth : the other ,
lwlrlng u hoop In my rIght hand wih
glass of waler balnced Inside Is rim , and
passing two bls : through II wlh my let
hnnd , ha\'o been watched -
wlh stold Indi-
ference by an audIence that wenl wid over
Jugglng two plales In the aIr , one Dr the
simplest lrlcles. "
I . .
( UT ( l Tll OIIU..I1. .
Next to rico , wheat Is ealn by the greatest
number of human being : and tben comes
maize. .
Considerable experimentng Is done In En-
Iand at the prsenl tme on bmboo blc'cles ,
A wh(1 cmplete of tlls materal ; weighs
lventy-two pouns.
There Is I negro In CovIngon , Oa. , v ; o
Is tlx feet six luches In height. 10 Is now
42 yeai old , but when 18 years old he was
only one Inch shorter. -
M nv r" n.q In.n . : " " _ " . _ . _ _ u. _ _
' --0' " _ _ y. _ . . u u. . .u. . . . LIU .u"u ,
of Iomllel. They. shapes ,
dlerenl
some resemblng It orq others beIng not
"nl e the razora oC " 1 Ilresent day , The
barber shops of au\quly ( were also pro.
vlde,1 wih boles o , , Ierfumo and hexes of
pomatum.
"Treatell bIrch , " a .
buider , "becomes m srs of rare beauty ,
ant } 'soake.1 mapla.oe . ! / Into al 'ebony'
iia nos now. So cleyer ! , I the 'talt' wood
' '
'weighted' that
nothing short of borings
provo the deepton. Maile lhogany wi I
soalled through to 0 depth , of four Inches , an,1 ,
wil , IJolsh el'en betor than the genuine
woo
A lworlng ghost was laid out Saturday
nlghl In Benton , whIch hi UII In the cal reo
glns , Ius a teiHOOl stroler In black ,
which a clore II grl' ' on 'Ier ' , , ay to a slore
knock,1 , In hal IJ hilng the under lad In
,
tlo forehead wih a stone mug she threw
at the appariton , The lad thal stood on his
shoulders gel away' unhurt , bul of
them wi IJlay ghost again. neiher
The number thirteen playel } an ominous
part II Aleander Il's le , He wa the
Ihlrteenth emperor since Poler the Great nnd
was thlrteel years on the lhrone , le as.
cended on the 131h oC March , 1881 , and was
bor on the 26th ( wlco thirteen ) of I ebru-
ary , le lcped an ntempt cn his on
the 13th at March , 1887 , and his youngest
daughtr , the Orand Duchess Oga , was
on the 13th of Jnne , 1882 , bor
The most costy jewel In the world Is
owned by the royal house of Germany , beIng -
Ing a superb slpphlro vlued at JI6.000OO.
The emlleror of AUltrla the m03t
, 'stuable opal , which weIghs seventeen
and Is worlh U50OO , The "llatam ounCe , -
longing to the rajah Of Borneo and weighing
361 karats , II said to bo the largest
diamond , anl Ihe largesl blue-steel diamond ,
caled tbe "llprlol KlnberJty , " from the
Camous mines In Aric. welghB 180 karats
and I , held by a London syndical ! , which
values It at $ ,000,00.
TIE GROWTH OF
- TiE ilATCI
LG1 Tan Ninety Year Sinc the firt
Was Mae ,
-
O E OF TiE BEST - GIFS . OF GENIUS
rntdll' l'rOlucld In Suh , " , \ Qlnnttc"
thRt the tulh'llll1 rRtch Co"t !
: ex
to : othlll-I'Itelc < InJenu-
17 Rnl ! kl
-
I'"ew people wase 1 thought about n match ,
Merely a ltte conunolplace , everyday trine
of 1 thing , malc of \00,1 orIX , tplle , } wlh
Itenl , wherewith th , ' ' ,
: lame ) Itldl ( fres Inl
,
lght the soothing 1Ipe or cmfortns .
cgar.
I 10es Its humble worle anll Is eontemplu.
olsly casl asile. And ) the match , says
the Illsburg Ilsllatch , Is an e\'oluton rep-
resentatvo of much human Ilatence , lu-
genuly , anll tkl , and Is aie of the bcst I
gUls loughL oul ami elaborte,1 by human
glnlu9 ror the benefacton of the mce. When
Promethens stole the facrel fre from Olympus -
pus It wasn't In the
form elf 0 luclfer match
that he did so , or his ( unlshmenl from Jove
might ha\'o been e\'en moro terible than
I
\I'aS , because
Its usefulness 10 UI\start man
woul,1 ha\'e been so much more formIdable.
Long ages had to ( : SS and the nineteenth
century afer Chrlsl be wel on Is wa ) '
beforl thl match , as we see Il ,
lolay \as
even thought of. Trlfo as Il Is , Cel- things
have hat } .
moro
'
tholghl
nld Ingenul ) ex.
pended oa their productou. In Greal -
aln alunl during Ihe Irsl nlnet lrl-
this centur " , ) )
) consldelbly moro thl 100
ptents hu\'o been appled for , havlul refer-
clce wholy or In prt to the Improvemelts
cr 10\eltes II machinery for the malufac-
turo of malches , all during the same Ilerloll
at leasl as m\ ) more plents were allple,1 ,
Cor wih reference to lhe composiion of the
Inlammatory ( arl of the matches , the ma-
terial comllslnl the slm , etc ,
As nn Industr ) ' the mnnufacture of matches
hns very Imoslng proportons. 'fhere Is 8.me-
thlug Impresslvo about to Iho
Isures
n\erage
mlnl , nnl 1 few statstcs wi crry weight.
Jusl to toke oue ol the largest -
Englsh flc-
torll Cor example. Orclnary
matches arc turned oul of thal woolen
) early at the rale oC .500.000 eSllblHhmenl .
bxes.
Each box contains Crom nlnte ) ' to 100 Indl-
\lluals , I 11) ' ono has Iho cUrlosty ! to
Iguro out what thts I10unts to ho
wil fl\l
It means 1 great total o [ 3G.OOO.000OOO \ ot
these wooden splnters , cach 010 of which Is
1 tn ) ' magazlno of tre agent
anl potental
of might mischIef.
) The same fctor ) "
11ro
" "
luces "Ifety" matches to tha nmonnt nf
aboul one-80\'enth of the orlinary- -i i h'es =
I. e. , aoul 6,000,000,000 In the ) .ear , I also
produces nbout 62OO gross boxes ot
vesu\'luns , I > hle WX vests m.o out
at the rate of :1.000,000 : a day , or 10,600,000-
000 annuall' . This Is al vcr Imilosilg , and
)
Is calculted to Insilire Increased respect for
the match , For the \'esla 11rolucel by thut
one facer ) " three tons oC wux arc uned
ev.ry
worltng I a ) ' , . meaning 0 totl of some 7O .
tons II the ) .er. Colon to the amount of
2 0 tons Is also annualy required to produce
these Ito elects. Th . : same Cactory's au-
nual of ,
consumpton .lrcous phosphorus Is
thirty tons or more , whie the numbcr or
prsons emplo'C Is In the lelghborhooll of
2,000. Now , In the neighborhood of I.ondon
alone there are abou t a dozen factories of
\arylng sl : [ , EO thal Crom Cacls 1 ( these
one can begin to ha\'e a falnl conc of
whal the match making or the pton
means , The tolal annul \'alue worll realy
Engls/
match lnufacturo has been estmated :
from ! ,60,000 to E2OOO,000. nnd England 1
nol the greatesl prucer of matchl.
The man who grmbles because ho must
rise betmes of a cold , frosty moring and
lght n nre ror the husehold whie Il Is yet
lark should thank his stars that , unlke the
ancfenl Homan shnlarly siuated , ho does
nol need to spend his strength rubbing together -
gether two pieces of hard wed un t lhe. .
spark comes , .1e bas no such troubl In
startng a fre as many a beter man than
he amons his forb ars has Ilad a
and steel , For 400 years , Crom wih fnt
tme
I
made Is appearance during the fourteeath
century , the clumsy and I-smeling tnder
box , wih Its as ortmcnt of steel , fnt and
sulphur-lpped "spunlts , " was the mainstay
of thy forefathers when tbey wanled to starl
a lre. I WS the discovery of pho3phorus In
167 by Drand of Hamburg thaI set human
Ingennlty al work searching for Improvement
on the ohl order of things. The frsl etorts ,
though nol goplngs In the darle alogethrr ,
were far enough from successful , Phcsphorus
Ias soon found to be both Inconvenient and
dangerous. One of the earlesl schemes for
Its utizaton was to rub a pIece of Il betwEe :
two fols of coarse Ilaper and alow the spark
of fre so produced to fal upon a "spunk. "
The long and the last of such clumsy
methods \as that phosphorus fel Into disuse ,
I was another chemical discovery about lhe
beginning of lhe presenl century thal gave
an Impetus lo Invonton , and fnaly led to
the match as It Is today. Derlholet was tbe
chemLt , and the discovery was known as
"the prInciple of the of
oxIdaton combuslble
bodie by chlorates In the presence of strong
acids. " Making Plctcal app\caton of this
prlnclplo , Chancel , In 1805 , produced his 50-
cal d "oxymarlnte matches , " In which strips
of wood , tpped wllh a mixture of chlorate
of potash , sugar and gm , were Ignied by
contacl with sulphurlc acid. About thIs
tme. ale , there were numerous lonph03-
phorlc Ighl producers more' or lesa In vogue.
One of these was known as "pyrophorus , " I
was prEparel1 by rOslng alum wih four ami
honey or sugar , and Infatng by eXllosure
to the air. I
As early as 1780 there were "electro-pnel-
male fre producera" In lee , In which a jrt
of hydrogen was Inf3med by an electrIc
spark. The Dober lner "plUtlUI Imp" be-
10ngC to a law datI 1823. In ths : hydrog n
gas WS Ignlld hy contact wih SJongy Illat-
Inum. Aleut this tme also there were In
use In parts of PrussIa smal glass tubes
containing equal prtl of plwsphorUt nnll 6ul-
phur carefuly fused together , Ilto thla
sJlnters of wood were Ihrusl and then Ig-
nled by fricton ,
not 1827 thal the real
wal unt pre-
curler . of our Ir lelt day malch appere < l.
In Apri of lhat year John Waller of Stock-
ln-ol-Ts Ilvented luclfer matches , or con-
greve. an they were caled , ater Sir Wiiam
Congrove , Ilventor of the rocleet. These con-
eves conslstrd of wooden splnts or stripi
of eardboarll tppel } wih 0 mlxturo of sll-
phldo antmony , chlorate of potash ,
Jum
and starch. No phosphorus was used. They
pJper wer , Ignled by rubbing , on glas or sald-
I'"rom this lme Oi Incesant atcmpts were
In to produce a
lade dlerenl placs realy
practcble anll satsflctory fricton match.
In 1834 woodel fricton matches containing
phosphorus were made In Vienna , Darmst3dt.
and olher places In Europe. The frsl lutent
II the United StaO for phospho