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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 30, 1894)
' T11J5 OMAJIA TJAlJjl' UIIlHTJNDAV - , SIUI'TJEMBISR 80 , 1894. - A TARIFF FOR BRITONS OKI Jobn Bnll'a Qlco Over tha Hew Amerio Tariff Law , ROBERT P. PORTER'S INVESTIGATE Clrent Hrltlih aintiufncturcn Anticipate JiniuciMoTraito with tlio United Htntes to thn Detrlranl ot American Artlaani und Alnnurncturor * . UVRRPOOL. Eng. , Sept. SO. ( Spec Correspondence. ) Not tar from t Bloomy and. ugly commorcUl o tor with Its vast expanse dock * , Us army o ( unemployed , Its miles dingy houses , nn unattractive popul&U may bo found the latter day Mecca ot good free trade Englishmen. To reach t picturesque nnd romantic spot you in brave , or cat perhaps I should say , frightful atmosphere- the undorgrot lllrkenhcad railway station , encounter terrors ot a mighty Kngllsh "lift" with clanking doors suggestive of castle dungco and the darkness and horrors of the in Illy ventilated of tunnels. > Havlng survl' ' this the undulating scenery , soft nttn l > hero , green meadows , stately trees and dent villages of Cheshire socm verlta garden spats ot loveliness. Finally al a drive IhroiiRh the old town with Its qu projecting houses and other nnclcnt tractions ( for In Chester modem "rcsto tlon" has reached a high art ) and fairly the road to Hnwnrden castle ( pronoun by natives Harden ) , you begin to reallza peace , beauty and contentment which B llsh hills , crass , trees , roads and sunah inspire. You pass In your drlvo to this beaut retreat , away from public haunts , one of Grandest of English mansions , that ot duke ot Westminster , Hnton Hall. Al a couple of hours drlvo the g tes of Hawan park are reached. Them is no obstacle your admission , for the Grand Old Man , \ ( a ending his splendid life arnld thcso r loral scenes , Is at peace with all the wo. . You open the gixto and drive In , passing lodge overhung with the woodbine , nlre In nutumn hues , and backed by stately ho hoclfs and a. burst ot vivid colors , pnrh , In which natural beauty predo nates , tthnwa side stretches ot gr meadow dotted with sheep nnd fine cat heavily wooded glades and winding strca Now nnd then one passes a tree equal those of the now forest In size and sll grandeur. Under one ot these trees net uvcry line day may bo seen the dtstlnguls owner ot this estate , Mr. Gladstone. ' photographs which I send with this lei were taken only two or three weeks i and represent Mr. Gladstone- exactly as appeared the day I saw him , seated al beneath a large beech tree which grows the corner of the- caste ! garden. The resent sent around this tree projects above the foot stone wall surrounding the garden , latter being graded up nearly to the hel of the wall. Krom this point the old E llsh statesman and scholar hag a flne v of the park nnd the distant hills. Hero not Infrequently slta nlono for hours , i haps reviewing his remarkable career the tremendous political events and st with which ho has been Identified half a century. The day I had the pleasur seeing Mr. Gladstone ho had Just sent last proofs ot his translation of Horace press. I am Informed that while hewas work on these proofs he devoted hours . .Ills study to the work , attacking It with old tlmo energy. Still , as the photographs Indicate , Gladstone Is showing the- marks of age mental work. He has to be much it careful. "Ho no longer knocks about estate as he used to , " said a gentleman lives at Hawarden. Age Is gently but su creeping over England's greatest and n commanding character. It seems a fit ending to such n nevcr-ccaslrig life ot citemcnt nnd toll. The tranqulllty ot castle. Its surroundings and the village \ Its old church nnd tiny cottager and dv Ings Is Indeed a forerunner of that pi which surpasses all understanding and wl this great man has surely earned. Throughout tha great manufacturing trlcts of Lancashire nnd Yorkshire g . preparations are being made to win 1 the trade which , to use the common presslon here , "tho McKlnloy bill robhec ot. " Theio nre signs of a general nwal Ing , though the newspapers ana loidlng mi facturera have been most guarded In t expressions. I have watched all the portant dally newspapers hereabouts for oral days , nnd the way they keep up frco trade fiction to the efrect tha.1 with duccd tariffs America would soon dlati the United Kingdom Is simply marvel In conversation , however , the grin Is i gether too broad for one who Is playln losing game. In a pleasant chat with Mr. Reuben S cer , Manchester manager of Ilylands & She ho Bald : "Wo employ from 12.000 to 1 < la our seventeen principal manufactories. export now. In spite of protective tai nay , In aplte ot McKlnloy bills , to ne every country In the world. Ot course , reduction of the tariff In your country help us. Wo have already sent out addltl men thcro to secure orders and we look ward to a good trade HOW that you glvi half a chance. " "Uo you still think the United King can beat the world In the manutactur textile goods ? " "Most assuredly I do. Whatever prog you may have made In the metal Indus you are not as strong In textiles. Our port of textiles , as I say. In spite of tai Is simply enormous. Wo embrace e branch ot the clothing trades , nnd su every nation nnd people under tha sun. 1 than 100,000,000 sterling ( f500,000,000) ) w not cover tha value of the textiles sent : this country every year. The position have attained as a textile- manufacturing trading nation Is supreme , and not onl' ' we clothe a larger proportion of the Inl tants of the United Kingdom than do manufacturers In other countries , but ol textiles bought by other countries from yond their own borders the greatest po cornea from this country. More than ot our exports ot British and Irish pro ind manufacture * Is comprised under head of textile goods. The total expor our metal and machinery trades , Inclu raw material , Is not one-halt of our exports ot textiles , and our exports of are only about one-third , Moro than 1 , DOO persons were- engaged In the textile dustrles ot this country In 1SD1 a nui almost on a par with the- totals employe tha mining , mineral and metal Indue combined. Then It should be berne In : that combinations and centralization works or management have been more cesstul In the soft nnd dry goods trades tba any other , so that that which Is now pro-eminent manufacturing Industry Is that which can claim arms like ours , w operations and whoso capital are propot ate lo tha gigantic work carried on b ) textile trade aa a whole. " "Doyou suppose the United States c even with free wool , compete with En concerns In the markets of the world ? " "Not under present conditions. Wo v ba willing lo give you 10 per cent the ad tago on everything and practically open factories free to the Inspection ot your A lean manufacturers. AVIth this dltfei W3 could practically supply everything want. The magnitude ot our business would be Impossible to Imagine II the K ts abroad wcro only free to sell In. is a problem I should not like to ha\ work out. " THEY WANTED 'TO KNOW. Mr , Bpencer I found lo bo a pleasant , aisumlng gentleman , with a full gray b a pink and -white British complexion na aprecablo manner. Indeed , he p himself somewhat on his amiability In following Incident , which ho keeps for A lean visitors ; V,11 ? lens * B ° n couple of Amer called and Informed mo they tepresi aorao branch of your government--laboi l > rlment. I think and don't you know actually had the cheek , for I can't a anything else , to say in reply to my tlon what I could do for them : " 'Wo want to go over nil your e llihments. ' " What , the leventesnT' said I. " Yos. tlio whola lot/ said they. " 'Anjlhluj elioV laid I. 4 'Y a ; w waut to know how many I you employ In each department , the wat you pay weekly and for pice * work , th < c < and quantity of your raw material , th lat cost and raw material cost of rery art you product , the amount ot capital Invest' ' borrowed and owned , the rate of Inter and the cost ot your several plants , the i limited loss of wear nnfl tear and ' " 'Oh , come , stop now , my young friends , there nothing else you want ? ' " 'i'es , wo should like to obtain * " 'Nevef mind anything else ; I nm a prc busy man myself and I will simply re you to Mr. ' , one of our other dlrccto In doing so I may n.i well caution you tl ha Is not so polite A man as I am. Wl do you auppote he will tay when you p sent your schedule to hlm7' "We have no Idea. " said the Amerli gentlemen , Inquiringly , "Go to the devil , " said I. An Englishman , as a rule , when he I a good thing decs not want to take all world Into partnership. The questions wh our state and national departments of la and tha census office for that matter ex from manufacturers would not be tolera for an Instant In England. The agents wo literally , not metaphorically , as in the c mentioned above , bo kicked out of the off In visiting this vast establishment I t struck with the barrenness of the surrou Ings. Mr. Spencer himself was stand In the counting house at a desk behlnt painted pine partition In the same room n the clerks. Ills private room would har contain four people and was ns tilngy i wlndowlcss ns most British offices. Th was no display , no style , no extras. Econoi business , Industry prevailed throughout establishment. And yet this concern boast of $10,000,000 paid oft capital , and i ploys nearly 14,000 persons. Surely In ma factoring the English bellevo In rl economy of production. So often have the unguarded and arc ! expression of north of England nowspar been used In the "United States" by wlc protectionists nn evidence against the the that reduced duties would promote Am can Industrial supremacy and push to wall such feeble concerns ns Uylands & Si London and Manchester , that It Is dim * to find out through these mediums the t sentiments of the community. If our go : nnd outspoken friend. Cousin Hen Fols i ad not gone back on the administration eslgned. wo should have undoubtedly 1 ire this heard of the triumphs ot Clovcln sm In Sheffield. Indeed , Instead of t Governor McKlnley burned iln effigy ihould have had glowing accounts of Cot Jen being "chaired" by the cnthusla oopulace of lhat grimy town. The nca : ipproach lo genuine unalloyed rejolclni find In the good city of Leeds , where American consul teems to have risen to iccaslon nnd outdone his British friends. A. I1LOW AT AMERICAN INDUSTIT. In nn Interview published In a local J ( nal a few days ago Mr. Northfleet Ha Talrly bubbles over with Joy In contemp ng the migration of Industry , labor capital from his own country to EngU "There will bo an Increase of Amcrl rade , " says this patriotic young man , 10 per cent. " "I have no doubt , " says Mr. Northl Harrlo , with the nlr of one who knc 'that there will bo a great Increase gci ally under the operation ot the new 1 that trade will get back to what It \ and oven to a great deal more , because- McKlnley bill was a considerable advs over the old tariff. When the McKli bill was passed In 1890 the rates on cvi thing wore raised very much , and peclally directed our district here , the he woolen district , because specific or we : duties so much according to the welgl were put on those heavy cheap wool which was felt to be most oppressive. " How gratifying It must bo to what Harris calls "our district" to thus re the ravages of the McKlnley bill , Perl Mr. Harris never slops to think , In his c mendablo ardor for "our district , " that unhappy swing of the pendulum mean loss in the textile trades alone of not than 100.000,000 of cold dollars lo "our trlct" at homo. A loss ot half that amo perhaps In wages to our working pec A needless destruction of industry Just fa started on our side of the Atlanllc. It would seem to me that Mr. North Harris hardly represents our country mean the United States ) over here In following sentiments : "Now , when thl changed ( the tariff ) we ought not only t < as well as we did a year ago , before present depression commenced , but wo 01 to do a great deal better , seeing the di are so much lower lower even than , 1 great many cases , they wore before the Klnley tariff bill. I don't think ther any question about the result of the tariff. I think there will be quite an burst of business for the next few years Hero we certainly have an outbursl patriotism from an American consul should bo appreciated at home. Why gress should be called upon to vote sate for the maintenance of consuls In the torest of Ilrltlsh trade Is a question Heed or Mr , Burrows should ask when gross assembles. It Is moreover a < ] ues that Governor McKlnley will ask of wage earners this fall on the stump. The recent news from Maine and the slblllty of one of the above mentioned tlemcn In the presidential chair seem ; have dampened the ardent Harris , tor then modlflca the "outburst of busln sentiment : "That may be followed t decline and a reaction , but for the Imir ate future for the next three or years I think there will bo a big Incr in business. You see there Is a great sire , parllcularly In America , to have 1 llsh made woolen stuffs , " Yes. Mr. Harris , the dudes and free t ers of America arc Just sitting up nl in their anxiety for British clothes , producers , however , you ( will nnd n prefer American wages , American pros Ity and American clothes. "A cheap coat makes a cheap man , " 1 axiom which carries more weight t after nearly two years of democratic than It did when It was uttered by patriotic nnd true American as ever sc the presidential chair. By the way , Harris might read some ot that statcsn speeches to advantage. But perhaps "outburst of business" In "our district' cuplcs all his spare time. BRADFORD'S ADVANTAGE. In contrast with this foolish talk , cm ting from those who are paid by the U Slates government to look after Ame ; Interests , I nppend a brief conversation Sir Henry Mitchell of Bradford. I first Sir Henry twelve years ago , and found one of the most accomplished and able o Yorkshire woolen nnd worsted m facturers. The following I t fairly sols forlh the hopes Bradford , which according to actual tlsltcs lost from $35,000,000 to $10,000,01 trade during the forty-flvo months of McKlnley bill. "I have , " said Sir Henry , "been reticent all through , with the desire n give a handle to the opponents of taril form In America , " "How will the new tariff bill affect 1 fordT Do you look for a revival of tra "It will secure three great advantage the Bradford merchant : " 1. The removal of suspense. " 2. Simplicity ot tariff and " 3. The abolition of the weight duty "The removal ot the weight duly open market to acme of the very best class Bradford goods , which have hitherto excluded by its operation. Comparing now tariff with that ol 18S1 ( under wh good trade was done with America ) , gard It as 40 to CO per cent lower on n factured goods. That , of course , Is pensated for to some extent , If not ent by abolition ot the high duty on raw terlal. Generally speaking , I consider a reservation as to the effect of free the new tariff more favorable than which has been , In operation since the ol 18C5. " Mr. Sonnenthal ( Messrs. Charles S & Co. ) said when asked about the new t "The success of the Bradford merchant American orders will now all be a qui of price. Tha American manufacturer advanced , nnd , with frco wool , woul more ot a rival. What has rnado these so poor recently was the fact } hat lor time past the American manufacturer had. wool on much cheaper terms than crto. the growers having dropped their i to almost the English level. That facl free wool have to bo remembered in puling for American trade , therefore not believe an era ol Inflated prices i ble. " AT DBWSBUKY AND IIATLEY. The drums and fifes are beating In a sort ot way In the shoddy towns ot I bury and Batley. Hero are manufactur the queen's taato those * cheap shoddy that remind ouo of the felt mats In a man beer saloon. The fiber Is so short tha goods U v tb appearance of pressed together or rolled on cylinders I straw and wood pulp paper One genllctn from the former town pointed with unc < cealcd Joy ( o that part ot the wool schedule where the old rate exceeded : per cent ad valorem , but has been cut 30 ami 40 per cent , and la an outburst confidence : "free wool or not , your people won't sto a ghost of a chance with us In these chea ; lines. It must stimulate our busln greatly. " Great expectation exists In Huddersflc The United States consul there says that the fiscal year ended July 1 , 1993 , the ports from that town were almost as la : as they had been In any former year. this be true , " Bald a leading manufactui " \\o may certainly expect a period of gr prosperity. " "In what particular branch ? " ho i asked. "Under the new arrangement the duty worsted and woolen goods , such as are ma factured In this dlstrlcl. will be 40 per c ad valorem on all goods of less value 11 60 cenls pr pound ; on nil goods valued over 60 cenls per pound it will bo BO cent ad valorem. Under the existing la Iho duties nre from 90 to 100 per cent goods over 40 cents per pound In value , that under the new bill there will be a ductlon of from 40 to 60 per cent. As Itiddcrsficld manufacturers have been bled to rctalrv their hold upon the Amcrl market for their goods even under w ookcd llko prohibitive rates , they are r rally hopeful that there will n Increased demand for the I utilities of cloth which they I duce , and they bellovo that 1 ivlll bo able to hold their own with tl mcrlcan compettlors for some llrnc , nt i ate , notwithstanding the fact that the , cr will have wool froi of duty. " What Is true In Huddersflcld , I found . measure true at Manchester. Our cedlngly efficient and ever watchful cert t lhat point , William F. Grlnnell , kin urnlshed mo with the totals ot exports United States from that town , as follows : Total UiparU In U.V.1 SS3 . Jll.OSI.3i SS3 . 1J.105.2I .891 . 1U11.K . 12,091.9 ! . 11,387,2 'We ' are not much claled , " said cadlng colton manufacturer ot Manchc : o me last week , "at what our free tr rlends In your country have done for M Chester , but nevertheless wo are hopeful all the finer lines. Having , as your flgv ndlcate , pretty much held our own un he McKlnley bill , we certainly ought capture considerable more trade under now tariff. I nm certain we can beat y people In every line where1 Egyptian col s used , and pay the duty. We look to ; oed Increase. " SHEFFIELD STEEL. I find that Iho Sheffield people still .leve that the only steel In the -world Is m there. This In splto of the rub that ( many and the United States have gl hem during the lost twenty years. Her a purely Sheffield opinion expressed b ; Sheffield man ; 'Thoso engaged In the steel trade Sheffield are sanguine that the rcductlor the tariff bill will bring them a substar accession of business. Seeing that a U quantity of steel used by the contlne firms Is purchased from Sheffield , Ihey ook with equanimity upon the keen con tltlon for the American trade which Is hi waged between the English nnd Gen makers of cutlery and other kinds of s oods. Makers of best qualities of s are destined to profit most by the free ti bill , as the Germans are able lo proc almost as much medium quality as they quire , very cheaply , and their steel sh Improvement every year. Besl steel , h ever , continues to be practically a Shell monopoly , " How do our Connecticut manufacturers the above ? Or perhaps more to the p the following , which I clip from a. She Journal : Although the Americans arc able supply nearly all their needs In the chei table knives , Ihcy arc making but li progress In the production of really ( cutlery. A knife that will cut Is said tt luxury rarely met with In American hotels , and practically attempt Is made In that coui tu make carvers. The demand Ihls loiter class of goods has Increased c under the McKlnley act. Everything , th fore , points lo the future trade In cut with America being confined largely to and pocket knives , best table knives , can and hollow ground razors. " I am not Inclined to deny the allegatlo : regard to hotel knives , but the general st mcnt Is a little broad and I should llki hear the opinion of some American mi facturcrs on this point. Certain It Is American axes cut and are famous world over. Why not American knl' Explode this old country fiction , ma mi turers ot American cutlery. I am aware difficult with Northfleet Harrises as con decrying American goods. Tonight I leave for Birmingham. M of Interest will undoubtedly be gath there. In that town , as hi Manchester , have a palrlollu consul. It Is true friend , Mr. George Parker of Binning ! Is a good democrat and It Is likewise true ho is somewhat "rocky" on proted Nevertheless , he is nn American to the b bone , and although during the past v the newspapers show he and the other ficlals ot Birmingham have been hobnob with royalty , I expect to find him as thuslastic for the stars and stripes as c Judging from the Birmingham Post , they expecting great things In that center of cl goods and radicalism. Hero wo have G more ravages ot the McKlnley bill : "In 1887 , before the McKlnley tariff c Into operation , our Iron and steel shlpm to the United States reached a total In n figures ot nearly 1,300.000 tons , or nearly times last year's total. Thus , the MoKI tariff , combined with other adverse I ences , has reduced our trade with States In Iron and steel by nearly 75 cent. " Those of us who labored so long an faithfully to enable our homo manufacti to build up for American labor a great plate Industry will read this from the : paper with regret to think It has bee : unnecessarily knocked on the head : AMERICAN TIN PLATE. "Wo come now to tin plales. In whli largo though declining trade Is still with the United States by our Welsh m facturers. Last year our shipments of article were a little over 255,000 tons compared wllh 32i,000 ! tons In 1891 , 336,000 tons In 13S9. Something more tariff Influences are required to explain substantial drop between 1891 and 1S93 , It Is probably to bo found In the gra development of the American manutai ot tlnplate. During the first year or after the McKlnley tariff came Into 0 | lion the domestic manufacture ot Un lerne plates In the United Slates was dently passing through a. probationary pe but we learn from a recent official n that during the first quarter ot the cui year tt attained the goodly total ot 38,000,000 , ol which 72 per cent was i from sheets rolled In the United St These figures are equivalent to an ar production of 1,500,000 boxes of 100 po each , which represents roughly about fourth ot the American consumption di 1893. The reduced duty may check f time the expansion ot this thriving br of American Industry ; but they are hi sufficient to destroy It , and our tin maunfacturers will have cause to ba tl ful If they can recover any portion ol ground they have lest In the last few ye Let us hopt It will not destroy this portant Industry In America. The folio from the same editorial , In my opinion , phaslzes ono of the most dangerous tea ot the new tariff bill : "It Is probably In some ot our minor IT facturlng branches that the principal bei ot the new tariff will be felt. " It Is thfBD "minor mnnufact ring brani that have done EO much toward giving ployment at good wages to American \ men. As a rule , when once deslroyei when once brought to a standstill , tlio ; rnrely or ever recovered. Herein lie : hidden danger ol the new tariff bill. THIS IS PLAIN ENOUGH. In conclusion , Bays the outspoken Bin ham Post , "If the democrats , retain oil ! the next presidential election they wll suredly drive home the wedge of whlcl thin end only has penetrated the pi tlontst log In the amended Wilson bill , that would certainly not be an unmltl , blessing lor British manufacturers , 0 : other hand , should the republicans retu office , which Is quite , on the cards , wo see the McKlnley bill re-anacted vindictive aggravations , which would g to destroy the small remains ol our valuable trtde wllh the Untied Slates. " This bold expression of opinion ought ptaln enough for all bat the frco trade mot who cannot or wlll , , sea I hat DO cot mcnsurato good can msslbly come , in I wny ol trade wIlh 'Ather countries , I thus giving up rflfiown valuable her markets lo the forelrvianutnclurcr. Free traders In America have hasten to nssure their British friends that change can be mafleltfor three years. Mapchester paper Informs Us readers : "T changes nro all In theright direction , ev If some ot them onlj"nMoiint to a 10 per cc reduction ot the duties prevailing. U satisfactory to remember that McKlnleyl : cannot be restored for , another three yea : even should Iho republicans control the nc two congresses. Mrt Hlevoland's term d < j not ccplro until Mnrcjj , 1897 , nnd his vt could not be overridden bv rho congress ne " ' ' elected , This from a She/Hold / paper ; "Wo lo for much from even , this Imperfect sell mcnt. It will for tne ijr.'sent give a mark stimulus to lmportat(6N ( , but we hope not rashness In them. It will also at once gl a new Impetus lo the home manufacturi ot the United States , and the margin of pi lection being somewhat rcdiic tl , and t force of competition correspondingly creased , more attention wll ] be given economy" No ono. really believes this last sta mint hero. It is merely thrown In as sop to American freq Iradcrs. Here Is an opening sentence In on art ! from the Yorkshire Post ! "Now lhat. In aggravated term , the McKlnley tarlft is IhIng of the past wo may , without del mischief across the water , review some the losses which wu have undergone throu Ihls ncllon during the last four years. " The Bradford Observer makes this obser lien : "In the meantime , however , pr.pa lions for producing such fabrics as may likely to bo required under the new arrani incuts nro being pushed forward , nnd 1 most cautious authorities .hell.-vo that I revision of duties will , for n tlmo at lej giro n remarkable Impetus to many depa merits ot textile Industry. " DAWN OF A BRIGHTER BRITISH IW "It seems safe to predict , " cables i xubtrant New York correspondent of i Dally News , "that the passage of the presi law will mark the beginning of the grad instruction of the tariff system. Nobc believes that the larlff will ever be Increa : again. Whatever changes may be made future will bo toward lower duties. " which the Imperturbable1 , stolid Manches Guardian replies ; "Wo should like to able to think Hint this estimate Is not a 111 oo sanguine , but we lake It to be right ho main , nnd - c trust that the promise holds out will bj fulfilled. " The more cautious Liverpool Courier tl sums up the situation : "Bradford in p 'Icular should gain by the new regulatlo tolled iron , Iron and steel sheets also be fit and a substantial increase In shlpme "rom England should follow the passing I aw of the new tariff bill. Although , the 'ore , tha Sugar Irusl hns still , In Mr. V son's phrase , 'Its grip upon the peep throats , ' and although the American press almost unanimous In condemnation of tactics that have marked the struggle , fatal state of uncertainty is at mi end , i there Is now a fair prospect thnl the ep > of labor war , financial failure and emblttc conlroversy will be followed by a period commercial prosperity. In the benellts which this country may bo expected participate. " All these will bo Interesting reading American wage-earners. ROBERT P. PORTEf T7TT There are 50,000 Proteslnnt Christl scatlerod Ihrough the Turkish empire. President WarreW 6 I Boston untvcri asks for ? 100.0H ( ) wjthwhch , , ! to found "American Museum , ofA.ll , Religions. " Chattanooga has been , officially selected the place of mcetl'ilg 'uf the next bteni International conference of the Epwo leagueto he held in Jjine , 1895. ' Itev. Dr. F. E. Cjfark' the founder of Christian Endeavof 's'oc'lety , has gone Europe for rest. iWhllo there he will tro-hice Ihe society Jntq , Germany , Denm and Scandinavia. The recent movoMeiiV In the direction the adoption of indivlQu'al communion c among certain churphcBitln Philadelphia led a number of Jewelers to begin the ma facturo of the cups hniV other paraphern : connected with th Two women recentlyraocepted Invltatt to speak at the Kentucky Sunday scl convention. Hearing of th.s two clergyrr who had also consented to speak at the c ventlon , canceled their engagement on ground that women are fo-rhldden by Holy Ghost to speak In public. \t the close of the war the Methoi Episcopal church numbered 1,000.000 nn bera , owned 10,000 churches , 3,300 pars tgca , worth , In the aggregate , $34,000,1 It has now 2,100.000 members , owns o 24,000 churches and nearly 10.000 pars ages , worth , In the aggregate , $125,000,00 : Mohammedanism has won 200,000 followers , and Its degiaded and wretc myriads nre confined lo soulhern Asia - northern Afr.cn. Christianity , cfter n ! teen centuries ot life has won 400,000 followers , and with the exception of Ct and Turkey. Its happy and enlightened i pie rule the world. At the age of 73 Bishop Will am To ; Is as zetlous as ever in the work of evar llzlng Africa , though many of his best i have died or been compelled to reti Among his nidst elliclent aids are meml of the Mead families In Underbill , Vt. , Iho Wllkes family ot Lynn , Mass. , wl children easily learned the languages gained the confidence and respect of natives. According to recent statlsllcs Ihere 229 monnslerles with 1,775 monks in Belgl besides 1.516 convents and 25,323 sisters nuns. Thla gives an Increase of slxl monasteries and 200 convents within the i ten years In that small country alone. Tl are today 30,000 men. and women beloni to the various orders , and , Uklng the p < latlon of Belgium In 18SO at G.000,000 , find one "religious" monk or sinter to ei 200 persons. An edict was recently promulgate- Vatican conveying to the priests the rout permission to make use of thu bicycle In performance ot their parish duties. consequence of this several of the Ita bishops hate issued psstoral letters rec mending the clergy of their dioceses to 1 < to ride , with a view to their being abl convoy more speedily than by other mi spiritual consolation and assistance to sick and dying , Three evangelists who are at present w Ing In the coal regions near Scranton B Armstrong. Thomas Thornburn and J , Tennant recently held a revival mee for the miners of Ihe Ontario mine m uncommon circumstances. It was at bottom of the shaft. Slips ot paper Hi * words of hymns printed upon Ihera i handed around , and the miners , gathere tha gloom of the mine , Joined heart ! ! ; the servlco of song. The oldest Catholic church In New Eng Is at Damarlscotta Mills , Me. , and was I more than 100 years | /go. It Is still cupled for religious purposes ono Sunda each month. The Interior is said U decorated and furnished/like n drawing ri It Is slid that James [ Tlssot ot Paris , w series of pictures on the llfo of Christ been much talked about , Is about to bee a monk and devote blsi talents to the ma ot illuminated manuscripts. Methodist missions' in Corea date I 1885 and only a few ycurs after the cou was In tome limited degree cpen to fore era. Until the breaking out of the pre w r they were considered to bo In a fi prosperous state. Thfc'y sustain ono t logical , two high and ' ( ive Sabbath sell with something les ; than a score of sionarlos , a considerable number ot w are skilled In the medical art. Local tlllty to the forelgniatingtllst Is less ethan than In China , and wh o th war abates country will present one of the most pro Ing fields ot missionary effort among t eastern peoples , Besides being a clergyman Rev. J. Springer ot Belle Vernon. Pa. , is a Ju of the peace , tn undertaker and a { urn deale. * . He can also make an omelette edit a paper better than the editor him The main church ot the great monai of San Francisco , in Mex'co ' , which i 18C3 hts been in Protestant hands. Is t restored to Catholic worship. The closing ol a. mortgage which could no paid oft brought Into the hands of a we : Catholic gentleman the building In n services were attended for three cent by SpanUa viceroys and In which the Te Deum ot Mexican Independence was brated. Oregon Kidney Tea cures backacht. lie , 25 cents. All druegUU. REASONABLE HATES DEFINE Explanation of the Helming if tha Phn by an Towa Oommisj'onar , JUSTICE PRECLUDES DISCRIMINATE OmmiildnloinT Spencer Smith Writes on t Minimum Itiito < JiU'Mloii for tlin He lie- lit ol Ncbrntkn ltc tlors l.rgnl Opinions Uuutcd. a shippers and Icwa producers nre parimonlous ; they are willing to pay reas able and Just rales ; they nro willing to i their fair proportion of the amount necess to keep the Iowa , lines In first class work condition. They want proper facilities i good shipping accommodations and nro will that rates should be so adjusted as to aft these conditions , but they do not \\ant bo forced to pay to make up the ehortct Ings of the other fellow. Above all thl Ihe Iowa shipper nnd producer wants stn rates nnd that rates may bo maintained t protest against nn advance ot the pres rates , ns high rales-always lead up to rales nnd discriminations. Certainly no carrier has Just grounds complaint It rates are fixed for U by pu authority at the standard of the nvcrngi receives. The Iowa producer , manufncti and wholesale dealer , In order to trans business and sell his gocds , must meet compctlUon , and In order to do this he m bo placed , so far as freight rates are c ccrneJ , upon substantially an wen keel v the manufacturer , Jobber and producer Ji without the state , who ships In against h This Is substantially what Iowa has i and she simply asks that there may be change ot these conditions. It Is Iho rl of the public to have fair treatment In n ters of such public concern ns rallr rntos. DISCRIMINATION IN RATES , The Interstate Commerce commission , page 30 of Its report for 1890 , uses following forcible Innguags with referenci secret rates. Nothing can be more conclu that the carrier Is by his regular rate sin charging something more than reason ; prices for his service than Ihe facl t ellher openly or secretly , helolatcs law to accept from favored classes or f individuals a less compensation , or that pays largo sums for procuring business nt rates named , or that he so manages business that parlies who have no legltln connection with ! It ar'e cnnblcd to i upon hla patrons. In order to nscer whether the rates of n carrier , as sh > by Its rate sheets , are or are not reasona It Is the right of the public authorities know what It actually Imposes nnd colU and to have access to Its books for that | pose. On page 28 of the same'report commissioners say : There has been a g tendency toward an equalization of r nnd toward the removal of anomalies wl made the rates oppressive wherever competition was but slight or nominal , rate sheets , however , have never. It Is llcved , shown \vlth entire accuracy what real rates made by the railroads wcro. knowledge that the nominal rates were Impartially maintained has been among strongest reasons for governmental Inter cnce by law in the regulation of raili management , ami was especially Intluer In the adoption of the net to regulate c merce. The authorlly Is so eminent no ono can question the fact and Its bea upon the pretended rales set out In schedules In the case now pending be the Iowa commissioners , MAXIMUM IS ELASTIC. Section 17 of chapter 28 , acts ot twenty-second general assembly of Iowa , poses upon the railroad commissioners the state the onerous'duty of making promulgating freight rate schedules classifications under which Ihe entire nage moved between stations local wl the state is to bo handled. Farther o the same section It Is provided that schedules so made "shall be' taken In courts ot this state as prlma facie evld that the rates therein fixed arc reason and just maximum rates of charges for transportation of freight and cars upon railroads for which said schedules may 1 been respectively prepared. " It will be observed that the rate Is made absolute , but simply prlma facie dence that the rates so fixed nro reason nnd just and operate to- change the bu of proof on the common carrier who col n greater rate to show that such higher Is reasonable and just. Under the law carrier is not confined to the maxlt rate so fixed by law. A higher rate be exactcll , but the carrier taking greater rate must ba prepared to shov nuch rate Is challenged , that the same Is unreasonable and unjust , and falling to d the offending railroad company must ex under said law severe penalties anil hui atlng punishments. The rate so fixed made prlma facie evidence Is not llinltc a reasonable rate alone , but It must bo a rate. A rate very high but within re would be regarded as reasonable might be held by the courts as com pi with the letter of the law , regardless o ' relation to other rates and other rate 'ct tlona. While n Just rate means the right of it , justice Is such an exact equ between the parties that no one may : gainer by another's loss. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS. A rate which requires one shlppei pay more than the service Is fairly v to in eel deficiencies caused by giving am shipper In another locality a rate below value of the service rendered could no sustained as a just rate , although It rnlgl a fairly reasonable rate. A just rate. , eludes all discriminations of every whatsoever. Justice Includes within the whole circle ot virtues and gives to i one his own. Possibly a. comprehei definition of a reasonable and just fr rale would be "a rate so adjusted a bring about the largest possible Intorch ot the commodlllcs of the country , kei In view the value ot the service to the ducer of the commodity , the shipper am consumer and the cost of the sort Ice some margin ot profit to the common rler. making no rateso low as to Irnpi burden upon other traffic , nor so hlg to prohibit the transportation ot n cor dlty or product suitable for legitimate rnerce. " The Interstate Commercs commission vql 3G3 , In discussing the rate que : lakes occasion lo say "tales should n < ; so low as to Impose a burden on other tr they should have reasonable relation to ot production end Ihe value of Ihe trnrsri tlon service to the producer and shl They are from CO to 80 per cnt hlgtv proportion lhan Ihe rates east of Mississippi river if estimated on a dls basis. " This language was used in dec the celebrated "food product lo the seab < case , and BI.OWS how a rate may b : Imrdonwmie and unjust to > make up 1 elsewhere. COMPLAINTS ON CORN RATES Further on In the same rase Clml Morrison enlarges upon the rate qu'&tlor says : "That the prices which agricultural ducts now bring do not seem to the proi his equal share of the general prosperl apparently not disputed. Transport charges , reasonable or othnnvlse , al burdensome on heavy low priced modltles , become more and more H matt serious concern nnd apprehension u : shipper is further removed from mi Iowa farmers make no Impertinent In when they ask why they should pay 7 a bushel more to market their corn th paid by their Illinois neighbors 7 cen them la more lhan $5.000,000 on Ihe 3 surplus nor Is it surprising lhat growers west of the Missouri shoul urgent In demanding the reason whlc quires thorn to pay double as much ' as neighbors In the corn states 'east ol Mississippi to reach a market In whlc must sell at one price. There Is no In these very proper Inquiries to justlfj Imputation lhat they Imply menace t property rights ot Investors In ral property , There Is nothing to show Ihesa agricultural communities are wa In consideration for the property rlgti otheri , Individual or corporate. Therj such poverty In their seme of jus Further on In the opinion the able mUsloner uayi : "When the roads tmi periods In t cc < > Kftiv 5-w : arrlcd corn from Knr : .is and Nobrntk.i l < , 4 ind sometimes G cent * lens than oxu ng rates , nnd the officers ot the roiu cstlfy that , any reduction In such ftlollr a lei would make them xmn'Monnbly lo\ oine allowance Is made by the corn Rro-\i nd shipper for the possible bias of tl vllnws. , When freight clinics e grlcullural products nre drmnmled whlc vlll under nil circumstances pay opcr.Uli xpenses , tntenet on bonded debt nnd In ni Ition R dividend on the capital stock , nt ho shlprur may not question the extent nr : ooil falUi ol such debt , stock and obllgi Ions , ho docs not ncognl/.a the justice i ho demand , nor Is his respect for such ule ot compensation Increased by the fa hut It may have high judicial sanction. " IULE WITHOUT PRACTICAL APPLtC * TION. Reference- no doubt hero made lo tl angiuge used by Justice Diower In tl owo. Injunction catcs. In tha rule laid tlo-n > y him as the standard for rate mnkln a rule entirely Indefensible when npplli radically to Iho Iraftlc conditions of 11 lotmlry at large. "Plain people , " says M ilorrlson , "bellcvo that Insofnr ns rcasonnb rates arc measured by Mich fixed charge obligations and railroad Investments the should be nclunl nnd In good faith. " - In the fourth Interstate Commerce comml slon report , on piipc 4S , the following prl : lplo Is enunciated as properly iovornli ; n rate mnkltig nnd In determining tl reasonableness of rates : "In the carriage of great staples , whli support en enormous business nnd which nnrkct value and actual cost of trnnspo 'atlon nre among Iho cheapcsl articles commerce. , rates jleldlng only moderate prc o the carrier ore both necessary and jusl lablc , and where the carriers frequently p n force and continue for considerable pei cds of time tariffs of rates nnd charges It fair Inference that such rates nnJ chars ire profitable. * The rate uf cents In coin from Chicago and 23 ecu fiom St , Louis to New York are less tin 4 4-10 mills per mile , " and by this rule t comes icasonnblc. BASCD ON WATERY * FICTION. Rales should nol be based on watery II tlon , and If Ihe courts , are right In tin universal 'holdings that carriers are e titled to but reasonable compensation I their services and that the reasonnblenc of the charge must bo based primarily r the amount of money actually Invested Iho plant , the malntenancB and operation the same , then three-fourths of existing nil the country over are wholly unre.isonal mid unjust. It U clearly apparent tl : reaicn and equity play but minor parts determining railway rates and tariffs. The railroad Is a publ c more than a p vato property , and the usufruct of the aloe holder therein Is a trust for the service Iho public , for which set vice the compsm lion returned shall bo Just and rcagonab and nothing more. The functions are pub and must bo perfoimed In the public Inti cst. The supreme court of Masachuso says that "a railroad company Is created law rrlmarlly for the benefit of the publ and secondarily for the benefit of the sto ( holders , " and Justice Bradley of the suprci court of the Unltrd States , 13t U. S. , 4 says : "When a railroad company Is oh : tcred It Is for the purpose of performing duty which bclonss to the stale Itself. Is chnrtorcd as an agenl of Ihe state I furnishing public accommodat on. The sti might build Us railroads If It saw fit. Is Us duty and Its prerogative lo provl means of Intercommunication between c part of its territory and another , and tl duty Is devolved upon the legislative i partment. It the legislature commlsslc private parties , whether corporation ! ) or dlv duals , to perform this -duty. It Is Its p : rogallvo to fix Ihe fares nnd freights whl they may charge for their services. " HAILROAD'S SECRECY DENOUNCED Thus It will be-seen that the law nei contemplated and docs not now contemph lhat the one , party In Interest shall nlc possess the Information as to the value the tervlco tendered to the public by I public's agent , nnd the refusal of the lo lines to furnish the public , Ihrough the lo commission , information required as to th Iowa business places them where they hi no moral right to challenge the rcasonab ncsa ot any rate fixed by legally constltu authority. A theory of rate making bai upon the appraised pre cnt cash value the propeity , cost of maintenance cf v and structural , operating and general lenses mightbe correct In theory 1u i absence ol competllton and with full and curate returns to the railroad commission of the honor bright facts entering into : same. But before any amount Is actu.i named for "fixed charges" the cvaporat process slTotild have n full day In coi that water may not have a promlnonl pi In Iransporlatlon by land. When ralln managers in a few years are able to am colossal fortunes it is difficult to persui the average citizen that the laws looking the direction of railroad control have bi unduly oppressive nnd the freight rates the under too low to be remunerallve. It difficult to persuade the common man wh lands have been taken by process of law , v furnishes the traffic and provides rcrvenup that ho should have no voice determining the Justness of the rates char ; and the manner nnd process by which same is reached. It Is a plain proposlt for plain people and has no cconoi mysteries surrounding It which tha comn mind may not grasp. It is a question right and Justice and. admits of but i answer. These rates are challenged on broad ground that they do not afford profitable return on the bonds and st representing this property. The question What Is Ihe actual value ot the property , j not what mortgages do-es It float , and w stocks on top of the mortgages. UNJUST BASIS FOR HATES. Senator Edmunds , whose home Is In h England , where the great railroad holdl ot this country are largely centered , In aigument In the case of the Boston Albany Railroad company vs the Bostor Lowell Railroad company , first volume Ini state Commerce commission reports , page i nald : "Now , I submit with great reap and I think tt will turn out to bo co In next ten years , not upon any supposed c htructlon of this law that you may rn or on any too extended a construction of but ns a fact in the social economies of i country , resting upon Justice , which l to every man his due and fair play to that every service that a railroad or n body rise does for another under public rt Intlons and ol which he Is not the master every'man has a right to receive profits f his labor which he can sell nt any price chooses to take or not ) will bo regult ecorains to the vnUtr w in * mrlco per xirul and not nccirnlmg to the particular Ircmralnncci ct Ihe pcrsun or Iho corpora * Ion who has to perform It. AVhat right us a milter , for Illustration , to chnrgo m 0 cuntH a bunhel for grinding wheat bccmiso liPfd Is a niortKiiR1 on ht mill ? Whit iKht has a rnllroml conn any llko ono out In. Ohio managed by Mr. Ives lo put up IU a to double because the amount ot Its stock ms been fraudulently taucd Into Innocent lands ? I will assuror , and therefor a lo my n profit , the rules must bo rained mid , lie public made to pay lor It. What right las a railroad to put up Us rales above , air value for tlio service performed bccAuio hft iiinnnnnmcnt lm been oxlravagant or intortunato nnd gel llscll Into debit I deny ho proposition. " xnld this Icnrned Juris * nd eminent statesman , and well ho may leny the proposition , for It Is supremely absurd , UA1L11OA1VS CLAIM KEKt'TED. The rallromls want vnti-n ndv.ino il so that Ixed charge * , Cpetnllng ctpt-nur-s niul llvlJeml on Iho sleek may ho divided They : ontend that rnlcs are too low ami offer cstlmony to the tffect thnl It costs § mills icr ton per mile to cnity low priced products. Uillc the tariff sheets nnd e.vpeni ? bills show hat they nro carrying the s.uno product lor 1 mills pec ton per mil' nnd even lens. Tha eitlmoiiy ot Mr. Mci'iillnunii , tialllo manager ot the Chicago & Nortluvi'Mern llnllroad company , Is on file wllh the board ot rail- o.id commissioners ot lown , to Iho effect bat hl coinp.iny gave him poiillve Instruc tions lo lake no freight al lens than 4.7 mills per ton PIT mlle , while the Interstate : oft con ! larlifn ot Ihls comrjtny i-How a much ewer ralo on long hr.ulst. nnd In thu general iveragu of cost ot cMrrlngo iitul receipts per on per mile these very low ruto < nro all flgur * ! In. For year * the Chicago a North- we torn Itnllnny company land for ttint mailer the other Chicago-low ,1 Urns as well ) ook ns Its proportion of Iho corn rate from Missouri river to Chicago. COO miles , 13 cents per 100 , being but -I.S mills per ton pur mile , a. commodity lhat rates sovtral clasn-a higher than coal , nnd nt the snmo tlmo nnd tor long period was carrying flour from Minneapolis to Chicago , 110 mlUs. for about 3 mills per ton per mlle , about one-half of the average cost of transporta tion of that line. In the OsLuin ctiiic. 3 volume , United States Circuit court of Ap- noals , page 317 , the fact Is admitted ot an ll-cont rate on corn Iroin Ulalr , Nth. , lo Uoohell and Turner Junction , Just out ol Chicago , a 4.4 mill rate. The low nt rate In Iowa on corn for the longest hnul In the state , 300 miles , U 22.60 per 100. or 714 mills per ton per mile , For many years the open corn into from Chlc.is > i to New York has bcou 20 rents , or 4 1 mil's ' p r Ion per mile. You inn find no tuch unp'uiitrt % o rates in the lotfn larlff nnd Mill they or < J challenged as unreasonable nnd unjust. It IS ; proposed to advance the lown rates on nn averaga of 100 mites of 21) ) per cent. When It Is icmembered that an advance of 1 mill per Ion per mile on nil the turninga of the Chicago & Northwestern railway means nn Increased annual earning cf ov r } lnOD,000 It Is well to consider a little he- fore making so marked an mlvnncn ns Is. asked for In Iowa. SPCNCElt SMITH. J'MI.l. Xl , JJll ,1/K.V. For formal use vests nre cut from the same plt-ce as the coat , and nre made with flvo or six button B , notched collura and a liberal opening at the chest. The distinctive new colors for tiny dress are brown , ollvo brown nnd deep shade. ! of green. The many variations of blue anil blue nnd red mixtures , which wcro so popular last year , are no longer In vogua among the jiatrons of the swell tailors. Patent leather shoes arc still fashionable , but they are not by any means In the lend of the proceislon. The newest fad Is en amelled grain leather. II Is nn UnglUh can- celt. It has the Batnc finish os patent leather but is tougher and Is proof against crack- Ing. Ing.Tho The plain bosom shirt. In both linen and. percale , Is Ihe only style recognized among smart < lressers. IJoth two and three eyelEt - lEt bosoms are In good form , but the former la the more favored. There Is no option as to cuffs , the link style continuing to bo 'he vogue. The doublc-brcnslcd frock la here , as It baa been for two seasons past , and so are the three-button cutaway frock and th * four- button sack. The skirts of the culaway are Moped gradually Irom above the lorcr vest button tu n narrow point not less than an Inch , nor more than two Inch's below the knee. In collars the poke , with wldo spacing. will lend all other styles for both day and evening wear. A new "turndown" Is also shown with deep points and wldo spacing. It Is the proper caper for conservative nun , who want to dress well nnd laHhtonably without going lo extremes. There Is more novelty In neckwear than In any article of men's wear this season. The Ascot is coining back Into use , and so Is the moderate-sized puff. extremes of all hinds have been outlawed. The principal Innovation is n stock tcarf which can , bo tied into a Hat bow , an Ascot , a flat , era a 1)3 Jolnville. It Is the delight ot Iho Johnnies. The fashionable fall topcoati Is Iho Chester field. It Is considerably longer lhan In for mer years and Is wider and fuller at the bottom. The back Is shaped rather cloaoly to the- lines of the body above- the waist. The lapels of the collar aro' two Inches wldo and the roll should extend to the second ot the five evenly spaced buttons In front. The most popular fabrics at the opening of the season arc cheviots , vicunas and un finished , worsteds. As the season advances , however , It Is thought that clay worsted * will return to favor. The business suit par excellence Is the four-button cutaway sack. The most stylish materials nro cheviots and nngllsh plaid effects in woollcy finish. The coat averages thlrty-ono Inches In length , being a mitt shorter than the eaclc which figured so prominently at the seaside rcsortB during the summer. Trousers , coat and vest ure cut from the same piece , Tlmo out of mind tlio tailors have been wrestling with the problem of how to make trousers that will not bag at the knees. At last they claim to have succeeded , by a simple trick In the culling. All troustra this season will lie made according lo tha alleged new discovery. They will be largo at the hips and will slope down wllh almost straight scams to the bottoms. It the width ? are , say , nineteen Inches at the knees , they will bo seventeen tncbes nt the feet. Thl.i will enable the legs to fall la perpendicular lines and will prevent the knees trout bunch- Ing. as mo- om- Gth Ion , ba file ; cost rea per , r In the SUITS mce ling ir < l" THAT. lade . 33C3 in nn WILL Beginning MondayOctober and SHRINK 1st , we will , for a short time , pro- ucsr y Is ( In price , ) make to your measure , lion rays : om- a suit for $25 # 2 § or $30 made in ket. r Ihe ot Omaha b. our own Omaha tailors in cuts ulry the most skillful manner 500 styles of n is s : ar'u lo suitings to select from in the corn bare helr the ro- Merchant Tailoring Department i all hlng any the road OF THE CONTINENTAL 2nd FLOOR , that itlng s eli i no N. E. Corner 15th and Douglar Sts. Ice. " : orn- i lor