THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : SUNDAY , SEPTEMBER 23 , 189k
BONDAGE OF COREAN WOMEN
Ebblo Lndiu ant ! Degrndotl Slate Oir'.B of
the Hennll Kingdom.
MT ) PERMITTED TO LOOK UPON MAN
Corenn Womno's Ureai-UrlRlnM UlililocJ
Skirt faint , Pointer nntl Jmrclrjr BI r-
rl.tRa Iti Corra SI.IYO Women and
llotr Tlio.r Are TunLiliodt
( Copyrighted , 1S3 ( , \ < j Frank Q Carpenter. )
Tlie present war la Corca Is bound to bet
ter the condition of her women. It could not
1)0 worse than It Is. The ,000,000 , women of
the country ere practically slaves. They nra
bound to their husband ] with fetters of iron ,
which only the men can loosen. They dare
not go upon the streets. Their quarters are
kept for them In the backs of the houses ,
and the best of the Corean wives would com
mit suicide It a. stranger of the other sex
rudolr put his hands upon her. Many
of these women are actually slaves ,
They have been bought and they can
bo whipped If they do not obey. Little
Is known about the condition of Corean
womanhood. The lines are so strict s to
their being seen upon the street , or as to
their coming Into contact with any but
their own BCX , that such travel letters and
books as have been written concerning Corea
contain but little about them. Only the
women of the lower classes go out of the
house , except In closed chairs , and those
whom you see with their faces uncovered
nro generally slaves , Now and then a com
mon woman goes about the streets ot Seoul
with a crecn cloak over her head. She
holds this close to her face , leaving a crack
out of which 0110 eye peeps , and If she meets
a man t-n a country read aha runs. Thcro
nro , indeed , three 0 fferent classes of women
la Corca. the upper , the middle and the
lower class.
The upper class are usually the daughters
ot nobles. They marry nobles , and If their
husbands can afford It , which Is not often ,
they have slaves to do all the work for
them , and they lead lives of comparative
Idleness. Tha dress ot all classes Is prac
tically the same , but that nf the upper
class Is made of much moro expensive
material. It Is a very unbecoming dress.
The Corean women are not , as a rule , beau
tiful , and this dress does not add to their
looks. My Interpreter , "Gen-r.il" 1'ak , who
haa a wife , a concubine or co , and t > vo or
three female slaves has thede
, given m - de
tails. The Corean lady starts In with a
divided skirt. This consists of a pair of
very full drawers , which fall m folds about
her feet , and wilcli If stretched upward
would have room to spare when being
gathered about the neck. The top of these
drawers has a band fully eight Inches wide ,
and this Is fastened tightly over the breast
by a white ribbon drawstring , which Is tied
In front. This garment la always white ,
and It Is fastened so tlglfc that the band
cuts Into the flesh at the back , and among
the lower class often runs below the breast ,
leaving It exposed. Above this band , and
Just meeting It , there Is a llttlo jacket with
long sleeves. This Jacket Is not more than
six Inches long , I Judge. It Is sometimes ot
yellow , green or blue , and at other tlmos ot
white.
It la tied together with ribbons of the
same- color as the packet , and It Is so scanty
that a great sunburned streak , an Inch wide ,
shines out below the shoulder blades of such
worn cm as get Into the sun. The drawers
are not tied at the ankle. They narrow
downas they fall to the feet , and below
them Iho woman wears stockings of wadded
white cotton. Thcso make her feet look about
five sizes larger than they are , and
the winter stocking Is halt an inch thick.
It Is moro like a boot than a shoo , and it
extends only about two Inches above the
anklo. The Corean lady wears no shoes
while at home. She trots about In her
stocking feet , and the poorer classe go bare
footed. When she goes out , she puts on
slippers of rabbit skin faced with silk.
Some of these are very pretty , but they look
uncomfortable , and are quite heavy. They
have soles of oxhide , which arc nailed on to
the slipper with Iron pegs , the- beads of
which are as largo around as that of a ten-
penny nail , and they are clumsy in the ex
treme. In addition to thcso divided skirts ,
or drawers , she has overpants of white ,
which ara very full , and reach from the
armpits to the knees , and over the whole
iha wears a cloak-like gown , which falls to
bcr feet , and which Is tied on with ribbon.
This practically makes up the costume of n
Corean lady. It usually consists of good
material , and often of silk. The younger
women ore fond of red. The middle-aged
affect blue , and the widows always wear
while , which la the color of mourning.
ALL CORI3AN WOMEN PAINT.
T like the way the Corean Vomen comb
their hair. They part it in the middle , and
put It up la a cell on the nape of the neck.
They -wear the biggest hairpins ot their sex
the world over. The average ono Is
thick as your llttlo finger , and la about
flvo Inches long , It Is of gold , sliver , or
amber , and It la a poor \ oman. Indeed , who
looa not own one or two ot these pins. She
is fond of Jewelry , nnd she likes finger
rings , though she haa her own way of wear
ing them. The custom Is to have two rings
on the third finger of the right hand ,
With such rings , and a hair
pin or BO , and the above dress ,
ho considers herself decked out , pro
vided her face and eyebrows are properly
touched up. All Corean women paint. They
cover the face with white and dash their
lips with red. They use India Ink to mark
the line of the eyebrows , and they are very
particular that this line should be very deli
cate , and arched In conformity with the line
of Asiatic beauty. This Is supposed to bo
a. curve like that of a linoot swans flying1 In
the sky , and -with a pair of tweezers she
pulls out the hairs of her eyebrows until
they approach her Ideal. She Is also by no
means averse to hair oil , and her locks
usually Bhlno like greased ebony.
The dally life ot ono of the Corean ladles
1s Interesting. She rises with the sun and
spends an hour at her toilet. She Is waited
upon by her own slaves , and her rooms , in
the winter time , have fires built undr them ,
so that her bare feet fall upon a warm floor.
In nine cases out of ten atta sleeps on this
floor , and while she Is making her toilet she
squats upon it-before a llttlo looking glass.
Her breakfast Is brought Into the room to
her. It Is served on a Corean table about
as big around and as high as a half-bushel
measure. She Bits on her heels while she
cats It , and her table furniture consists of a
spoon and a pair of chop sticks. The food Is
served in brass bowls. She has no table
cloth , and aha uses no napkins. She Is very
particular to wash after her meals , and ,
contrary to the general belief , the better
class of the , Corcans are cleanly. In wash
ing the teeth a great deal of salt la used.
The mouth Is filled with salt , and with the
finger or brush the teeth are rubbed until
they are perfectly pure and clean. She
washes her neck and face every morning.
nnd In summer she takes a bath every after
noon or evening. Her bath tub Is a big Jar.
made , of burnt clay , and In the summer her
bath Is cold. A Corean , lady seldom takes a
nap In the day time. These Corean nobles
do nothing. They are the greatest profes
sional loafers on the glob ; , but they think
Itwould bo a lazy man who would take a
nap when the sun Is up.
HOW THGY LIVE.
The -winter clothes of a Corean lady are
often made of fur and of quilted silk. A
fur gown may cost as high as { 100 , and a
quilted Bilk gown is sometimes wortb f25.
It she wears cotton , she can be drissed for
$5 , ami a lady can get a good summer outfit
for ? 20. The clothes are made so that they
luvo to be rlpned apart before they are
washed , and this Is so with many of the
gurmenln of th men. Corean washing Is , in
fact , about the biggest industry that Is car
ried on In the country , and I shall speak
further of It In another place. The Corean
lady seldom does any washing herself , Thli
Is given over to the slaves. If ihe is blue-
blooded , poor and proud , she may do seine
Ironing behind the doors of her apartments ,
but she cannot be A lady and go out to wash.
The business ot a Corean woman ot high
rank Is to keep the accounts , to boss the
terrains , and to now and then pay a social
call upon her friends. Seine of the women
lira educated. That li , they uro taught to
read and -write Corean. Aa a rule , however ,
they are very Ignorant.
There Is great difference In conditions
as regards tha classes ot women. A. inlddle-
class woman , when she ) meets the wlfo of n .
noble , hit to address her In reverential !
tenet , and the tower classes bow down to
th middle classes , The middle-class women
never go out of their house except In chairs ,
and among them may be classed the wives
) f scholars or Interpreters and thoss ot doc-
Lori and of the traders which go to Peking.
It IB the lower classes that you see upon the
itreet with these green shawls upon their
heads. They do all kinds of work In the
bouse , ami , If they are rich , they live- per
haps as well aa the wives of the nobles. Tha
nolilca seldom marry them , though they
sometimes take them as concubines. Most
of the rich men have concubines , and some
sport harems which might be compared with
those of Turk y. The extra wives nro not
kept In the woman's quarters , but they have
an establishment of tlielr own In another
part of the grounds. The only duty of the
concubine Is to keep clean and good looking
and to please her master. Her daughters
usually marry the sons of concubines , and
lier sons get a portion ot the father's prop
erly , though they have not as many rights
as his legitimate children , The women In
Corca are not much respected In the laws
ot the country as regards Inheritance. Tlio
sons get all the property , and the daughters
Inherit nothing Daughters are by no means
so welcome as sons , and a woman who bears
many girls is considered u disgrace to the
clan.
clan.Coroan
Coroan girls BOO most of their fun in their
childhood. They trot nround with the boyi
and play as they will until they nro 7 years
old. Tl ywear clothes like their mothers ,
or , It they are poor , practically no clothes
at all , and they can do about ns they please ,
After the ago of 7 they ore not allowed to
play outsldo of the walls which surround the
house. They are never seen on the streets ,
and as lhy grow older their lives become
more and more a secluded one. At 8 or D
they are taught the Corean characters and
how to sew. to embroider nnd to keep house.
They are often engaged at 10 , and are mar
ried at 13 and 14. It Is a curious thing that
they practically lose their names after they
ore 11. The custom is Just the reverse of
ours. We often call n girl "baby" when she
Is little. The Corcans call their girls by
prefixed names until they get to bo 11 , after
which they are called "aga , " or "baby. " In
fact , nil the girls of Corca over 11 are nick
named "baby , " and this name sticks to them
until they are married. Thus , an old maid
of GO will still bo knocked nbout with the
title of "baby. " After a woman Is mar
ried she takes her husband's name and loses
her own. She Is known as her husband's
wife , and she Is universally addressed and
spoken of as such , except by her own father
and family , -who may still call her "baby. "
After she has children she Is known as tbe
mother ot the boys. For Instance , Mary
Jones , upon marrying John Smith , would be
called" John Smith's wife , " nnd if she hap
pened to have a boy named Jim , every one
in the village or town would speak of her as
little Jimmlo Smith's mother.
THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY.
-A woman never sees her husband before
she marries him. nor has she any part In
making thi engagement. The matter Is
carried on , as In China , through match
makers , and it Is customary for the groom
to furnish the money for the bride's ward
robe. Th& swan Is the emblem ot martial
fidelity , and after the engagement bus been
made , the bridegroom goes in state to the
house of the father of the bride , carrying a
white swan In his arms. There Is usually a
tent with a spread table in it walling for
him. and about this stand the matchmakers
and th'e bride's father. As he comes in he
places this swan on the table and bows to
It four times and a half. lie then goes to
the other side of the yard , where the bride
sits In a hall. She rises as he comes up.
and she usually has a slave on each side
of her , holding her hand , BO that the long
sleeves , as the bands meet In front of her
face , completely hldo the face from the
groom. Then the two go through numerous
bows , the oman still keeping her face hid
den , and the bridegroom finally going down
on his knees and bumplnc his head against
the floor In front of the bride. After this Is
over , the brldo and groom arc offered cake
and wine. They drink out of the same glass ,
and It is this drinking that constitutes the
ceremony ot marriage. There is also a mar
riage certificate about as big as a small
tablecloth , which Is sent to tbe bride's father
In a ceremonial box. This paper contains
about seven lines. The first Is taken up with
the date. The eecond expresses his -wish
for the bride's father's health. The third and
fourth read somewhat as follows : "My son
and heir is old , but as yet unmarrrled , and
you have agreed that your daughter should
marry him. I am much obliged to you for
the compliment , and I herewith express it In
this letter. " This letter Is signed by the
bridegroom's father , and the lines which fol
low give the name ot the grand ancestor
nnd the district from which the bridegroom
comes. It closes with the words : "I salute
you twice. " This po"per Is folded up and put
Into a long envelope , which Is sealed with a
piece ot ribbon. On Its outsldo Is the bride's
father's address , with ajl the honorific titles
that can be added to It.
After the ceremony of marriage nt the
bride's house is over the bridegroom
changes his wedding clothes and sits down
with the men ot the family to a feast.
The bride , meanwhile , goes back to her
apartments and the groom later on goes
home. Following this th'e bride goes tc
the groom's house and she Is treated to a
dinner by the ladles of the family. The
first night that the couple begin their llfo
together It Is the groom's duty to undress
the bride , and It is etiquette that she resist
In every way possible. After marriage the
brldo goes to the house ot her husband's
father to live. She no longer has any place
In her own homo , and she U bossed by her
mother-in-law. She Is carried to her new
homo in a closed chair , and she changes
from the prison of her girlhood.to the prison
of her married life , Hereafter she Is
practically the slave ot her husband , who
can treat her as he will and who can
divorce her with little trouble. Divorces
among the higher classes ore not common ,
and the women are , among these classes ,
fairly well treated , as tar as the use ot the
whip Is concerned. It b only the slaves
and the wives ot the lower classes who are
much punished , but It n woman Is unfatth
fill , no matter what her class , she can be
taken by her husband to the magistrate and
be punished with a paddle.
WOMAN SLAVERY.
This punishment with the paddle or the
whip Is , I am told , sometimes meted out to
woman servants or slaves by their masters.
It Is against the law to punish women as
men ; that Is , In a. nude condition. They
are required , however , to take oft their
clothes and put on a single cotton garment
which entirely covers their body. This la
then wet so that it clings to the skin , and
the woman is laid face downward on the
ground and whipped upon the- back of the
thighs. I do not mean to say that such
punishment Is general , but I was told It Is
according to law , and where a master or a
magistrate Is cruelly Inclined you can see
what a terrible weapon this might bo in his
hands , The slavery ot CoreaTIs by no
means 03 bad aa certain kinds "of slavery in
other parts of the globe , and the soni of
slaves are frco. The daughters of slaves
ore stUl the property ot their master , but
the law provides that they can pay the
amcunt which was paid for them and thus
secure their freedom. Slaves hero bring
different priced , according to age , muscle
and beauty. Young girls ot from 14 to IS
are worth , according to their good looks ,
from $30 to ? CO aplcco , and you can get a
good , hardy woman ot 30 or 40 for one-third
ot this sum. The number of slaves
diminishes from year to year , but fathers
can sell tholr children and persons can sell
themselves. The slavery which exists Is a
sort of serfdom , and many of the slaves
belong to the old families of the past. Ths
worst form of slavery is that -which Is metei
out to the families of rebels , by which tbe
females are taken Into the employ of the
officials and condemned to work for their
husbands' , sons' or fathers' crimes. Such
slaves are treated little better than beasts
and they become the concubines or drudge :
ot the officials , according to the whim of the
latter.
CLOSE SECLUSION.
Speaking of the seclusion ot Corean ladles.
I saw a lady go forth to make a call one
afternoon during my stay In Seoul ; at least , I
aupnoie she was going : to make a call. I
also suppoao I saw her go forth. As far as
getting an actual glimpse ot her , I did noth
ing ot the kind. The house In which she
lived -was surrounded by a wall of smal
houses devoted to servants' quarters. These
were ranged on each side of tbe gate , or
stable-like door , which formed tha entrance
to tha yard , and there was another gate In
side of this , sa thai there was no chance to
sea Into the yard. She went forth In i
chair ot about tbo site and hap ot a , smal
dry goods box , swung between two long
poles. The mon -who bore these poles upon
-flrrr
ll 10
Might as well''try ' ' to
< . _ . ? J
r ( \ 1I > We will sell you a
stop an elephant by chilly morning and
twisting his taifeas , evening Overcoat
* -2 jlrm. ' for
to try to stop th | >
people from ' '
flocking to
our store.
-il
*
I
\
f
Mail orders al.ways on all goods if the n 9i
money conies , too , 99
ALL NEW GOODS
We'll sell GOODSAT
AT NEW PRICES
you a suit Half what you've been used to paying.
twice as good as
anybody else for
the same money. successors to Columbia Clothing Co.
13th and Farnam Sts. , Omaha.
tholr shoulders took the chair and poked It
Into the gate , which it entirely filled. The
front of tha chair -was then Inside the yard ,
The men stayed outside. The woman
crawled In and pulled down the curtain.
The men then dragged out the chair and
carried her away. I have looked Into one or
two of these chairs when they were not in
use. They are Just big enough for a , woman
weighing about 100 pounds to sit cross-
legged within , and there Is no support for
the back , nor well for the feet. It Is in
auch boxes that all Corean ladles go out
calling , and all that they ever see of the big
Corean capital Is through the cracks In the
chair or the little glass peep holes , as big
around as a red cent , which they are now
Introducing into the closed paper windows
of their houses. It Is only in this way that
they see men other than their husbands , nnd
the man who would dare to enter another
Corean house without nn Invitation could be
severely punished , and a man of the lower
classes who dares to look over the wall of a
gentleman's house to take a peep at his
wife can be caught and whipped by the man
or sent to prison. If he breaks In and takes
hold of the women ho can be banished. And
If he commits a worse crime than this of n
similar nature he can be killed.
n minions.
It Is authoritatively announced that Car
dinal Gibbons will visit Europe during the
fall. He will visit Rome and remain abroad
some months.
The rate of growth of the Christians in
India is more than double that of the popula
tion.
tion.The
The pope's Income amounts to $2,200,000
yearly , exclusive ot special gifts like those
of his jubilee year. Peter's pence provide
two-thirds ot the amount , the remainder
being the Interest on various Investments.
Bishop J. M. Thoburn of the Methodist
church , who has spent thirty-five years In
India as missionary , presiding elder , and
bishop , held services and preached sermons
In two of Chicago's churches last Sunday. Ho
will soon return to his work In the far cast.
Mohammedanism has a history of thirty
centuries. It has won 200,000,000 followers ,
and its degraded and wretched myriads are
confined to southern Asia and northern
Africa. Christianity , after nineteen centuries
of llfo , has won 400,000,000 followers , and ,
with the exception of China and Turkey. Its
happy and enlightened people rule the world.
According to the census taken In 1891 ,
England and Wales report 21,232 clergymen
of the Angellcan church over against 21,633
In 1881 ; 2,511 Catholic priests , as compared
Mth 2,089 ten years before : 10.075 Noncon
formist clergymen , while there were 9,734 a
decade earlier. In addition to thcso there
were 9,313 missionaries and traveling evan
gelists over against 4,620 In 1881.
Cardinal Lavlgerle's plan for the civiliza
tion of Africa la to be tested. The first cara
van of 100 African pioneers reared on lh
Algerian and Tunisian farms ot the confra
ternities founded by him bare lust left Mar
seilles for Madagascar , -where they are to
settle as agricultural colonists , Another 100
will be sent as soon as these are established ,
nnd other companies are under orders to go
to the Soudan , the Tourarog country , the
Tchad region , nnd the Congo , where they will
spread the Catholic faith and French civiliza
tion.
tion.The
The mountain peal ? of Orizaba In Metlco
has Just been surmounted with an Iron cross
seven yards In height. U is asserted that this
cross Is the- highest symbol ot Christianity
above the level of the sea to be found on the
American continent. The claim In this re
spect has heretofore been conceded to the
cross on the volcano Mlstes , in Guatemala ,
but according to recent measurements Ori
zaba Is the highest peak north of the Isthmus
of Panama , and the highest point In the
western hemisphere upon which a cross has
been erected.
Though ho Is a good Presbyterian. Mr.
John Wanamaker thinks that it makes little
difference which denomination a man belongs
to. "Religion. " he says , "Is broader than
creeds , and I am a Christian first , then a
Presbyterian , and as lone as a man lives up
to an honest belief I have no fault to find.
There are 200 religions In the world , and
there must bo one somewhere' In the number
to suit every sort of a man. I should like to
see 200 or 250 denominations , If In that way
every man could be brought Into some form
ot belief. The crowd I addressed on Sunday
was mada up of all sort * and conditions of
men. and It must be tbe love ot Christ and
good will to men that must ba preached to
tbli mixed assemblage. Catholic and Protes
tant , rather than denominational doctrine. "
HEROES IN BLUE ABD CRAY
* i.
Horrible Atrocities' Ootpmltted by Border
Eufihusjnjjisiouri ,
GUERRILLAS DETESTEB"BY BOTH ARMIES
A Komarhahle Instance In Which the Con
federates und Yiinkeos Marched SUlo by
Sldo Kaclt Uiulor It * Own Colors
Au Act of Itiirbarlam ,
( Copyrighted 1834. )
Among heroic deeds of our late civil war
heretofore unrecorded none Is more worthy
of historic notlca than the conduct of Lieu
tenant James W. Graves of the Third Mis
souri mounted Infantry , C. S. A. , In risking
his lite In defense of union prisoners under
his escort.
To appreciate the emergency that Lieuten
ant Graves was called upon to face , writes
T. J. Mackey , late captain of engineers , C. S.
A. , It Is necessary to understand tbe mili
tary situation , In Missouri during the year
1861. Bands of armed guerrillas , commanded
by Quantrell , Anderson , Todd , Holtzclaw and
others , traversed the state and harried the
homes at thousands of its people with fire
and sword. The excesses committed by those
leaders , all bearing commissions duly signed
by the president of the confederate states ,
surpassed In atrocity ths deeds , perpetrated
by savages In ottr Indian wars. Captain
Parke , commanding a company of the Fourth
Missouri cavalry , thus reports the result of
an attack made upon him by a band led by
Anderson and Holtzclaw at Rocheport on
August 20 , 1864 : "My men who fell Into
their hands wore most barbarously massacred ,
four being scalped , ono hanged and scalped
and three had their throats cut.'r
General W. S. Rosecrans , U. S. A. , in his
report of operations in Missouri , says : "On
the 1st of September. 18C4 , Anderson's band
attacked a train on the North Missouri rail
road , took from , It twenty-two unarmed
soldiers , many on lck leave , and after rob
bing placed them In a row and shot them to
death. Some of the bodies they scalped and
put others across the track and ran the en
gine over them. On September 7 this band ,
with numbers swollen to 300 or 400 , attacked
Major Albert V. Johnston , commanding 130
men of the Thirty-ninth Missouri volunteers ,
near Centralla , and shot every man ot them
in cold blood. "
ORDER OP AMERICAN KNIGHTS.
The men who composed these bands were
members of tbe Order of American Knights ,
so-called , a secret treasonable organisation
hostile to the state and the United States ,
that had on enrolled membership of 30,000 In
Missouri , under the 'leadership of one John
II. Taylor , -who was ; designated their "su
premo head. " Itwas a. part of their policy
to have every member take tha oath of alle
giance to the United' States , and to have
themselves enrolled generally Into the active
mllltla , In order tha { they might avert the
suspicion ot the authorities and at the same
time procure arms aild ammunition. As mili
tiamen they co-operated-wllh the guerrillas ,
giving them Information of projected mili
tary movements and frequently joining them
after shooting down Ihelr loyal officers , and
surrendering at the fjrat , opportunity.
The entry of General Prjce's army Into Mis
souri In the early autumn of ISGt greatly
stimulated the sanguinary operations ot
these red-banded mossy-troopers , for they
used his encampment i a i tholr basa of opera
tions , and when hard pcesied sought refuge
In lt. >
On becoming aware ot this practice General
Rosecrans protested against It In a letter to
General Price , from which I quota as fol
lows : "Permit me , general , to express my
surprise and regret that you have allowed to
associate with your troops bands ot Missouri
guerrillas , without feeling or principle of
nationality , whoss record la stained with
crimes at which humanity shudders. It la
unnecessary to enumerate what these crimes
are. Tbe newspapers hare not exaggerated.
You anil I have tried to conduct this war In
accordance with the highest dictates of hu
manity and the lawi ot war among civilized
nations , nnd I hope the future will make no
change In this reipect. "
I am able to state. adrtaedly , as. the chief
engineer ot the Missouri expeditionary force ,
and a member of General Price's staff , that
two weeks prior to the receipt of that pro
test he Issued an order prohibiting any of
these predatory bands from entering h's
lines. Notwithstanding that order , they
were harbored In the encampment of General
Shelby , one of our division commanders , until
the-extraordinary Incident that I am nbout
to relate led to their being treated as mere
outlaws by all our troops.
On October 15 , 1SGI , th'e federal garrison at
Glasgow , Mo. , after n gallant resistance of
several hours , surrendered to one of our
brigades commanded by General John B.
Clark. General Shelby had co-operated In
the attack with his artillery from the oppo
site side of the Missouri rlAcr. where his di
vision was posted , but the actual lighting at
the Intrenchments nnd in the town was done
by Clark's brigade. The force that sur
rendered consisted of tha Forty-third Mis
souri Infantry and Seventeenth Illinois cav
alry , constituting the garrison commanded
by Colonel Chester Harding , jr. , a brave nnd
skillful soldier.
It was stipulated In tbo terms of sur
render that the federal otllcers and enlisted
men should be Immediately paroled nnd per
mitted to return to their homes , there to re
main until duly exchanged. It transpired ,
however , after the surrender , that General
Itosecrans , the department commander , had
Issued an order announcing that ho would
not recognize paroles ns binding upon any of
his officers captured by us , units ? we de
livered such officers at one of his military
posts to be there certified as paroled.
"BLOODY BILL" ANDERSON'S GANG.
Hence on the day alter the surrender ,
Colonel Harding and the officers of his com
mand , numbering twenty-eight In- all , were
started for Boonvllle , about thirty miles
south of Glasgow , that being the nearest
federal post. Their escort consisted of com
pany II , Third Missouri mounted Infantry ,
numbering forty-nine , rank and file , under
the command of Lieutenant James W. Graves.
Lieutenant Graves had taken the precaution
to throw out flankers , and an advance guard
ot two or three men while on the march.
About ten miles from Boonvllle the sergeant
in command ot the advanca guard reported
that there was a body of 100 or more seem
ingly federal cavalry halted at the forks of
the road half n mile ahead ; that they nil
wore federal uniforms , but that he had approached
preached nnd reconnoltered them through his
field glass , and dlscoverel that they were
"Bloody Bill' Anderson's gang of guerrillas.
The lieutenant at once formed his command
in line of battle , and stated to them that
when they left Glasgow Anderson and his
band were in Shelby's camp , and had no
doubt followed them to take the prisoners
from the escort , and murder and rob them.
Ho added : "Men , you are confederate soldiers ,
Anderson and his gang are but robbers and
cutthroats who dishonor our colors , 1 have
served In the ranks -with you for three years ,
and I need not ask if you will do your duty. "
The orderly sergeant answered , "Lieuten
ant , you can bet your life on the men , They
will stand by you , and defend the prisoners
to the death. " The whole company responded
"Aye , to the death. "
Turning to the federal officers Lieutenant
Graves said : "Gentlemen , you have- hoard
my statement and understand the emergency
that -we are to face. If I do not mistake the
purpose of the miscreants In my front. I
shall advance at all hazards , but do not feel
warranted In taking you under lire without
your free consent. You need not consider
yourselves prisoners any longer , should you
wish to retire , and make the effort to reach
HconvlllQ by another road. I have twelve
extra rifles In the wagons , with plenty of
ammunition , that I brought along , expecting
to secure some recruits , before rejoining my
command. You can Imvo them and I can
supply you also -with ten 4t-callbor re
volvers. "
BLUB AND QUAY CO-OPERATC.
They answered with , one accord that
they would stand by htm and consider them
selves for tha occasion not as prisoners , but
as American soldiers and the confederates
as comrades In arms. Colonel Harding
stated that those who could be armed would
take position In line and the others could
render good service by acting as horse
holders.
AU this occupied but a minute or two and
while the arms were being distributed among
the federal officers four men were seen ad
vancing up tha road , one ot them carrying
a white flag. Lieutenant Graves rode out
to meet them , accompanied by six of his
soldiers. When they came within four or
five yards they halted , and he said to the
bearer ot the flag : "Who are you , and
what do you want ! "
Tlie answer was : "Wo belong to Colonel
Aulerson'a cavalry. "We want those Yankee
officers you've got along with you. They
arj the ones that butchered some of our
men at Palmyra. They belong to McNeil's
brigade * and Colonel Anderson lays It you
refuse to give 'em up lie will take 'em
anyhow. lie bas 300 meh with him and
you can av trouble by giving up tba
Yanks. They're our meat and we'ro going
to have "em dead sure. "
Lieutenant Graves replied : "Tell Bill
Anderson that his damnable proposal Is too
Infamous for me to consider for an instant.
We are confederate soldiers , and ho and his
men are murderers and thieves. Tell him
If he does not get away from my line of
march and clfar out with his gang of cut
throats In five minutes I vlll open flro upon
him. Now , be oR quick and not another
word from you. You deserve to be hanged
for bringing such a proposition. "
On returning to his command the lieu
tenant repeated the message that he had
received from the guerrilla leader and the
answer ( hat he had returned. He found
that the twenty-two fsdcrnl officers who
were armed had formed on Iho left of the
line , and ho requested them to take position
at the center , eaylng , "Gentlemen , I dsre !
you to bo where we can guard both your
flanks. "
One of them , a captain , had preserved hla
coirpany flag by secreting it under his over
coat at the time of the surrender , and , holdIng -
Ing It in his hand , he said : "Lieutenant ,
with your leave , I will add to the gaiety of
Ihe occasion by hoisting this flag on our
part of the allied line. "
Consent -was freely given and the flag ,
attached to an Improvised staff , waved sld ;
by sldawith the confederate battle flag , a
red St. Andrews cross on a blue field.
The company dismounted and formed In
one rank , advanced through the open wood ,
while four mounted men were ordered to
ride along the road and observe the move
ments of the enemy. They were Instructed
that If they found Anderson's gang advanc
ing they should fall back without firing
and report , and that , to avoid falling into
an ambuscade , they -should proceed In single
file at the distance of about flfty yards
apart.
It was indeed an extraordinary
command a confederate-federal company
composed of veterans of both great
armies. Nothing could have been
more Incongruous tested by the
laws of war , and yet was nothing moro nat
ural than the spectacle of American soldiers
In the same line of battle advancing against
the common enemy. ' It was a happy augury
of the coming of this present time when alt
true Americans render homage to the one
flag of their common country , and will be
henceforth in peace friands , nnd In war
brothers in arms.
The horso-holders moved with the two
baggage wagons about 100 yards to the right
and rear of the advancing line.
At least one-half ot Lieutenant Graves'
men were armed with Winchester repeating
rifles , while all the other men In line had the
Improved Springfield breechloader , except tin
of the federal contingent , who were provided
with Colt's army revolvers , which had an
effective range of 150 yards , The outlaws In
tholr front numbered , as subsequently ascer
tained , 165 , but the disparity in numbers was
more than equalized by the superior quality
of the soldiers opposed to them. The officers
of the Forty-third Missouri Infantry had
served In many campaigns with dis
tinction , and were all brave men , while the
confederates ot the Third Missouri had won
laurels in numerous battles on both Bides of
the Mississippi.
"BLOODY BILL" LOSI5S COURAGE ,
They moved on the right side of the Boon
vllle road , which there atrenchcd to the
east , so that marching south they noon
reached It at the point where the guerrillas
were first reported to be In position. They
were nowhere in sight , however , and the
scouts had also passed on. The company
still pursued Its march through the belt of
woods that skirted the road for a mile fur
ther , when it was met by one of the scouts ,
who reported that Anderson's band after fol-
lowlnc the road to Uoonvlle for two miles ,
had turned to the left ami gene oft in a west
erly direction.
As It was near nightfall when they re
sumed their march upon the main road , it
was decided to encamp , and a strong- posi
tion i\as selected for that purpose , with easily
guarded approaches. A double line of senti
nels was posted , the federal officers requestIng -
Ing that they , too , should be detailed for
guard duty. The next morning the dis
tinctive colors of the blended forces "ere
furled up , and the normal situation being re
stored , they marched under the white flag.
When within two miles of Boonvllle they
were met by two companies of federal cav
alry that were marching lo succor them , Ihu
commander of the garrlsoa having been In
formed that they were surrounded by Ander
son's guerrillas. Lieutenant Graves and his
company thtre received n most kindly and
generous welcome , mingled with much good
cheer , as no hands clasp so warmly as those
that have dropped the sword.
AN UNWAHRANTKD HANGING.
I tsteemcd It a fortunate circumstance for
our army that the ohlvalrlc conduct of a
confederate officer and nil command should
hare teen , so heartily recognized at Boon-
vllle , for our entry Into that town on tha
9th day-of that same month was signalized
by an act ot barbarity that added a new horror
ror to the annals of civilized warfare. On
that day our advance brigade , commanded by-
General Joseph O. Shelby , entered the town
and assaulted an earthwork garrisoned by 2SO
enrolled mllllln under the command of Cap
tain P. Shumakcr , The column of attack
was gallantly mot nnd repulsed , suffering se-
\cre loss. Shelby then sent In a flag and
demanded the surrender of the garrison ,
offering honorable terms , and at the same
time stating that his artillery -would soon
be up , and that he would then reduce the
fort , but in "that
event he would give no
quarter. Captain Shumaker surrendered , re
lying upon the written guarantee that ho and
his men would be treated aa prisoners of
war , and promptly paroled. On that night he
as delivered up by the provost guard , on ths
demand ot a number of officers n-nd soldiers
of Shelby's brigade , and hanged to the limb
of a tree.
General Shelby , in an official report , dis
claimed having authorized the execrable
murder , yet gave it his sanction by declaring
that the betray&d victim of the horrible
crime"richly deserved death. " I can state
after a thorough Investigation , that Captain
Shumakcr's record was that of a true gentle
man , and n bravo and stainless soldier.
The unspeakable treachery that visited
upon him such an undeserved fate aided to
stamp General Shelby as the chief of the
Black Flags of the Confederacy. "By merit
raised to that bad eminence.Lieutenant
Graves' humane and fearless defense of
the prisoners committed to bis charge
served tp convince the people ot the war-
stricken , section that General Price's army
did not consist entirely of a horde of brutal
savages.
Lieutenant Graves , on his northward march
to rejoin hla regiment , which ho reached a
few days later , halted at Lexington , where
ho received the thanks of General Rosecrans ,
who made him the bearer of the letter to
General Prlco from which I have quoted.
Within a week after Anderson's barbarous
and audacious demand that the federal
prisoners should bo turned over to him to ba
murdered his band was routed In Ray
county , nnd h& himself was killed by tha
Thirty-third regiment ot Missouri state
troops , commanded by Colonel S. P. Coxov
I should add that the federal officers who
owed their lives to Lieutenant Graves' noble
discharge of his duty sought years after
the war to ascertain his whercaboute that
they might bestow upon him some aultabla
token of their gratitude. He had removed
with his family to the western border of
Texas nnd theTr Inquiries through tholr
local papers failed to meet his eye until
lastjear. / . A correspondence resulted In his
meeting them at St. Louis , where they pre
sented to him a massive gold medal of ele
gant design , bearing upon ono ot Its faces
two clasped hands beneath the flag of the
union , and on the other an inscription re
ferring to the event that the medal -was
designed to commemorate.
JMl'IKTlliS.
"Tlit. Intimate acquaintance which some ot
our people have with thoAlmlghty , " remarked
a fiery-headed son of Caledonia to a writer
for the New York Advertiser , "often gives
riseto amusing Incidents. I was over In the
old country two years ago and stopped ono
night with a stalwart McDonald -who had
three sons , ono lii the army , another in the
navy and a third still under the paternal
roof. He was a pious man and when It
ws time to retire he read A chapter from
the blblo and then wo all got down on our
knees.
" ' 0 Lord ! " ho prayed , "hawo n care for
Robbie , for he is In a strange country ana"
salrly needs watching. And keep my son
Jarnle fra' peril , for he Is on the ocean ,
and You haud the great deep In the hollow
of your hand. But dlnna' flash Yoursell
about Malcolm , for ho It still at home and I
will look after him myself. "
A captain In the Salvation army in Spring
field , Jtasa. , last week made a very earnest
prayer. Ho cald : "Good Lord , come down
among us and show your power and ehake
tliesa sinners over the brink of hell , "
An old man on tba outskirts of the crowd
muttered to himself : "That's dangerous
dangerous ? "
A friend standing : by said : "Why danger-
ouaj"
Old Man "Their coat collars might Blvo
way. "
"I hope , brethren , " said tha editor of the
Bugle , who bad been appointed to- take up
the collection , 'I hope you will bear In mind
the proper spirit In which lo contribute.
In other words , you should not give to tht
Lord for publication , but as an evidence at
the goodness or your faith. "