THE OMAHA. DAILY 13HE : StfNDAY * SKPTEMBGll 2. 1891
THADITIONS OF AMERICA
As TLey Are Viewed by Bishop Ooxo of
Western Now Y < rk.
SOURCES OF LAW AND GOVERNMENT
American Idem of Ilotli Trnceii to Their
OrlRlu Diuigor < if-Cointltull < m Tinker
ing Mlil.tkrs ii f llIjtory-.Mmlnn
of Washington ,
( Copyrlehl l ) > x the Irving8 > naicnle.J
The dauchters ot I'cllas made mince moat
of their father and put him Into a ketltu
In order to boll the old man to a jelly and
BO bring him out acaln In the freshneis ot
youth , tender as a baby and good as new.
Thn fable , like many a myth of the Greeks ,
has a moral In It for nations that wax old.
Let them beware of the kettle at rash experi
ment nnd reflect that there Is "death In the
pot" ot factious revolution , Recent events
forewarn us that even a youthful nation
may be subjected , by fanatics and theorists ,
to schemes of amelioration iiulto as fanciful
a.s those which Med.a taught these ladles of
Bellas' family. Is It possible that with the
example of Trance * before us our young re
public can bo persuaded to subject its con
stitution to radical changes , In the name of
Improvements , -\vlth the certainty that to
abandon the terra flrma ot institutions that
have made us great and strong far the qulcli-
sands and quagmires of theoretical progress
is to Invoke the Dantons and the Marats of
dlfcord and social dissolution ? Keccnt
events make this inquiry or rather , tills
Inttrjectloti not wholly Irrelevant.
Nobody can deny that the France
of Louis XVI. denianded rsformn
the most fundamental ; and the
surmise Is not unworthy of credit
that had Mirabcnu lived long enough to
perfect thu schemes ho appears to have
conceived for educating the people to sober
views of what they needed and guiding them
to wise measures of Improvement the noblest
successes might have been achieved. Still ,
we must reflect that whllJ Montesquclu had
provided them with a text book of political
science , which Mlrabeau might have made
their catechism , they had become too wise
in their own conceits to take lessons In any
Fcliool ot philosophy teaching by example.
It was too late , The Huguenots , the
Jansenlsts and the grand civilians who had
maintained the traditions of St. Louis had
been eliminated. Rousseau and Voltaire had
succf'Cded to a mastery over the popular
mind , which greater and better men had
been unable to attain , because a suicidal
dcEpotlsm had percecuted them to death , and
by this method had ensured Us own retribu
tive destruction , Enough , the ax had been
driven to the root of the national life by
these professed "philosophers. " The pople
had lost all Inherited Ideas , and , In a word ,
hntl become prodigal sons , grasping at Im
aginary claims In the patrimonial estate , and
were ready for all riotous living , under the
Inspiration of their now creed , " "Let us cat
nnd drink , for tomorrow we die. "
A TEHIIIDLE MISTAKE.
They had learned to envy the freedom ot
England , but had not profited by any In
doctrination as to the sources of Us exist
ence or the processes by which it had been
wrought out * That It was a secular growth
and not the product of any one age cr
crisis they had no conception. One terrible
scene In English history had Impressed Itself
, upon the dramatic temperament ot the French
'populace ; they knew that England had
brought Its king to the block , and every
thing tended to magnify this event In tholr
Imaginations ( ill Imitation ot the trag. dy
seemed the ono grand step toward the at
tainment of what they passionately desired.
Chaos came in conee'miance. A century has
worn away ilnco then and nothing satis
factory to France has been achieved. The
republic of Tillers and Onmbetta Is not yet n
foundation , though enough has been attained
to Inspire our' hopes. Dut Pellas Is not
nllvo again. The Franco that now exists
has forfeited Identity with the France of
Charlemagne. She is tha stripling of a new
race , and , as such , "has no past behind her
back. "
WE AHE THE PRODUCT OF TRADITIONS.
U was ono of Emerson's sounding plati
tudes , not one ot his oracles , if , as is re
ported , he said the same of our republic.
A moment's reflection , to say nothing of pro
found study , suggests that we are the prod
uct of traditions that go back to the revolu
tion of 1688 ; back to the commonwealth ; back
to the reformation ; further back to the par
liaments ot the greater Plaiitasenets ; nay ,
further , to the epoch of Magtm Charta ; nay ,
beyond that , to the institutions ot Altred the
Great ; and beyond all that to the conversion
of the Saxons of Kent , and the earliest plan
tations of Christianity In the mother Isle.
To the traditions of these several epochs we
trace the maxims of political science that
have made us a great people.
CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
The American revolution was the logical
consequence of the convention that Introduced
William and Mary to the throne of Eng
r land , and that was further Instrumental In
placing the crown upon the head of a potty
German prince. Washington was an English
whig to begin -nlth , and the principles ol
1088 were profoundly embedded In the char
acter nnd conduct of those who were united
under so great a leader In the establishment
of American Independence and draughting
our constitution. That Hollanders and Hu
guenots bore an active part In this grand
work Is memorably true ; but William III.
was a Hollander and the Huguenots -were
the allies ot the prince ot Orange , In spirit II
not In fact. The whole movement was ho
mogeneous , and was based upon the principle
that If we could not enjoy the hereditary
rights of English freemen under George HI ,
we were entitled to enjoy them -without him ,
under a government of the people's choice ,
This our forefathers regarded as the theory
of the Drltlsh monarchy , as established by
the settlement of the crown upon the stadt-
holder and afterwards upon the house ol
Brunswick. These princes reigned by a com
pact with their subjects , which the colonies
regarded as broken by a ministry which Im
posed taxation upon freemen without theli
consent.
consent.WE
WE ARE A CHRISTIAN PEOPLE.
The traditions which are thus our Inher
Itance , and not less our creators , are em
bedded In the common law , In the leglsla
tlon ot the colonies , in the decisions of oui
supreme courts and In the laws and con
stltutlons alike of the republic and of tin
several states. And thus , It Is ctpparen
that the judgment of the supreme court li
February , 1892 , was the simple assertion o
the undeniable fact that we area Chrlstlat
people. Dy this It Is not Implied that dog
niatio Christianity Is part of the commot
law , but only that Christian civilization I :
the base of all our institutions ; fundamen
tally so with respect to the family ; the mora
system of the new testament , and the re
spect due to the bible and the first day of th
week. Wo take It , the Christian day o
rest la not honored by our laws as a re
Ilgtous , but only as a civil ordinance , usetu
to religion and morality , and on this groum
only to bo enforced upon these nho vlolat
the peace , by profaning- Its civil sancttt ;
end , the rights ot the people * at largo to en jo ;
It , in different ways , as a day for the cessa
tlon of labor and of the distracting duties o
the week. It Is noteworthy that even li
Franco this Idea is taking root , and on ] I
nances favoring the better observance 0
Sundays have received the votes of profes
slonal atheists and other Infidels. The ;
have eloquently supported tlio bills upon tw
grounds , viz. , (1) ( ) that such observances hav
promoted the welfare ot peoples that hav
maintained them , and (2) ( ) that as one ifa ;
must be selected , common sense would die
tate the preservation of the day which 1
Identified -with our civilization and for dlf
ferent reasons accepted by the population I
general.
TUG REJECTION OF MEDIABVALISM.
Not dogmatically , again , ( he traditions o
our civilization are tliosp of Protestant na
tlons , Nobody would more earnestly re
i > l > t than I do the idea that religious Pro
teatuntlum has any part or tot in our Amerl
can system. Our Institution ! , however , ar
uoh as are nowhere maintained ar liberal !
tolerated , save among peoples who o
widely different grounds iiY rejects-
meillacvnllitn la practically developing a
modern civilization for modern socle ! r.
Again , In our own country , we adopt , by
common consent , the English language a *
ha base ot social utterance p.i.tl of popular
education , and the tact that this is assumed
> y our constitution strengthens the argu
ment for a llko assumption of Christian
'Ivlllzntlon , It wns not necessary to I OR Is-
ate sunshine or air , earth and water Into
recognition by organic lawa and EH instru
ment dated "in the yrar of our Lord" and
written In the English tongue Is more forcl-
ile by what U takes for granted and makes
'self-evident" than It would be If nerds
vero wasted upon what nobody can success-
full- refute or withstand.
THE MAXIMS OF WASHINGTON.
U mny bo truly said that "the maxims of
Washington" are n text book of our tradi
tions , such as might well he collected , and
made a school study ot political ethics for
he American people. And we observe with
ilcasurc that such a compilation has re
cently appeared nnd Is commended as the re-
lubllcatlon of an old manual , nil the better
or having first appeared long before the civil
vnr. nnd hence as free from any admixture
of partisan Issues peculiar to our own times.
A. CLEVELAND COXE.
lluffalo , N. Y.
1'lt.lTTl.K Of rilK rOl/AOSTJSfljy.
Children's motives should always be under
stood , says Harper's Dszar.
"Will , " said Will's jjranafather , sternly.
'did you pull up one of my little pear trees
by the roots ? "
"Yes. sir , " said the boy , with anything
but n culprit's ( nee.
"Well , what did you do It for7" pursued
the grandfather.
'Well , grandpa , do you want the cow to
eat green apples oft your trees and get sick
and poison the milk ? "
"No , certainly not. "
"Well , I pulled up the pear tree because It
was just the right size for a cow whip , and
drove off your cows from your apple trees
with It , " said Will , with offended dignity.
'Johnny ' , " said the lad'i father , "where
iave you been ? Your head's wet. "
"Is HZ" exclaimed the boy , his cheerful
expression vanishing.
"It certainly Is. And your hands and fncc
are cleaner than they have been for a week. "
"Well , I Jes' washed 'cm.V
"And that isn't your shirt you are wear
ing. "
Father , ' said the boy , "the beautiful story
of George Washington which you and mother
have so oft rclntcd to mo sank deep In my
leart. I have heeded the lesson. Father ,
cannot tell a lie , I have been in swim-
mint ; . "
_
Mamma What ere s-ou trying to draw.
Little Ethel A elephant.
"Rather a difficult subject , "
"I'll rather draw elephants than anything
else , because my friends can always tell
what it Is. They knows a elephant Is the
only animal wit two tolls.
Jimmy What Is this moral courage that
the Sunday school teacher was telling us
about ! T
Tommy As near as I kin guesa It , It's the
kind of courage that kids has that's afraid
to flght.
Little Dot Some talks don't know so much
as they think they do , do they ?
Undo George Why so ?
Llltle Dot Prof. Linguist , who spsaks six
teen languages , was here last evening and
tie had to get me to tell him what the baby
was saying.
"Have you uny Idea. " asTced the teacher ,
'what It is lo 'square the circle1 "
"I reckon payin' for your wheel comes
mighty near to It , " said Tommy Tucker ,
after some moments of severe thought.
His Father Tcmmy , how do you like
your new toy horse ? It's the best 1 could
buy.
buy.Tommy
Tommy ( surveying It critically ) It's ' awful
nice. But I'd like to know how it's going
to bo broke strong thing like that.
JnmesVlittcomb TUley ,
O , the days gone by ! O , the days gone by !
The npple In the orchard , and the pathway
through the rye ;
The chirrup of the robin and the whistle of
the quail ,
As he piped across the meadows sweet ns
any nightingale ;
When the bloom wns on the clover , and the
blue was In the Hky ,
And my happy heart brimmed over , In the
days gone by.
In the days goneby , when my naked feet
were trloned
Dy the honeysuckle's tangles , -where the
water miles' dipped ,
And the ripple of the river lipped the moss
ntoriK the brink ,
Where the placid-eyed and la'zy-footed cat
tle came to drink ,
Anil the tilting snipe stood fearless of the
truant's wayward cry ,
Ami the splashing of the swimmer , In the
days gone by.
O. the days gone by ! O. the days gone by !
The music of the laughing Up , the luster
of the eye ;
The childish faith In fairies , and Aladdin's
magic ring ,
The simple , soul-reposing , glad belief In
everything- ,
When life wns like n story , holding neither
aob nor sigh.
In the olden , golden glory of the days
gone by.
COXS UltlA I T TIES.
Divorce notices are now published like
births and deaths In New York papers.
He Why 'do you think they are married ?
She I heard her nsk him for a kiss last
night.
Senator Gorman's two daughters are en
gaged to marry two department officials in
Washington.
Mrs. Cumsc So they married In haste ,
did they ? Mrs. Cawker Yes ; and now they
are repenting in Sioux Falls.
After auctioning off his wlfo for ? 100 In
cash and a likely colt Mr. Cardwell ot
Oklahoma. Is certainly entitled to take rank
among the leading financiers of the country.
"Is It true that Banker Gotcash has bought
him a typewriter ? " "Well , I wouldn't put
It as harshly as that. Everybody says ,
though , that she married him for his
money. "
The attorney general of Indiana has- de
cided that county clerks In that state hava
no right to IESUD marriage licenses and then
withhold them from the public In any manner
whatever.
Joe Jefferson's niece , Miss Josephine Jeffer
son , has recently become engaged to Mr.
C. J. Rolfc , son of Dr. W. J. Rolfe , the
Shakespearean editor of Cambridge. Mr.
Rolfe is at present a guest ot the Jeffersons
at Uuzzard's ' Day.
Ten thousand dollars for awife ! That Is
the price paid by Louis Potter , a banker of
Bowling Green , Ky. Mr. Potter paid the
$10.009 to the friend who arrangd the
match and the wedding took place at G
o'clock last Monday afternoon. Mr. Potter
la 84 year of ago nnd is a great-grandfather.
Count Pullman'3 daughter , Florence , Is
engaged to be married to the
prince of Isenburg Dlrstcln , a
cousin of Franz Josef of Austria , Im-
perator. The count thus allies his family
with the blue-blooded Hapsburgs and may
find Chicago too small a town to hold his
accumulating dignities.
Twenty years ago a Pennsylvania young
man was Jilted by n girl to whom hewas
engaged to be married. He met her again
the other day. She was a widow again , but
anxious to keep her former contract. The
wedding day was fixed onci more and this
time the- man failed to appear. I am not
prepared to sa > that this waa a manly re
venge , but. certainly , the man would have
been foolish to have married the woman In
the circumstuncrs. A womnn who knew she
had been watted for twenty years would
hnvo been BO puffed up lUth vanity that
tliere would have been no living with her.
A romantic Widillng occurred at a resorter'n
cottage near Detroit last week. Miss Clara
Doeltz of Louisville has been staying with
some friends at their summer cottage. Sun
day evening Harry Btngham , from the same
city , was rowed from the stramer landing ,
and , vallso in hand , visited Miss Doeltz.
He showed no signs of departure In tha
evening , and tl.o hostess in Jest In form oil
Jllsa Doeltz that all tbo beds were occupied
and that Dtngham must find quarters else
where or the two must bo married at once.
When the young woman Informed her friend
ot the situation he immediately proposed
marriage. He was accepted , and an hour
later , a preacher having been secured from
the village , the two were made one. They
bad been Intimate friends In Louisville.
DOUGLAS COUNTY
Held by the Douglas County Agricultural Society and Nebraska Trotting Horse Breeders' Association.
, 5,6 I
SPEED CLASS OPEN TO THE WORLD.
TUESDAY , SEPTO1III2R 4th.
THE FASTEST HORSES
1. 2:20 : Class , Trotting Purse , S500
2. Foals 18Di : , Trotting- Stnko , * , T > 0
3. Fouls \8'M \ , Paving Stake , S2T > 0
4. 2:22 : Class , Pacing : Put-so , $500
WILL BE THERE.
WEDNESDAY , SEPTEMHER 5th.
C. Prco-for-all Trotting Purse. SoOO
0. Foals. 181)2. ) Pacing , 3:00 : Clas Stake , MOO the .Races.
1. 2:60Class : , PaclnR.- Purse , $500 . .
8. 2:2-1 : Cluss , Trotting j Purs-o , * 500
The Handsomest Girl Baby THURSDAY , SEPTEMBER Gtli.
will be there on Tuesday. First 9. Ftalu , 3891 , Trotting , 2:60 : Classf Slake , SSCO
10. Fcnls , 18 ! > 2 , Trotting , 3:00 : Class Stake , $450
11. Frto-for-all , Pacing Purge , $ , " > 00
prize , $12.50 ; second , $7.50 ; third , . 32. 2:40 : Class , Trotting Purbis , SoOO The Premium List embraces
$5.00. FRIDAY , SEPTEMHER 7th.
13. 3:00 : Class , Trotting Purse , $500 all the production of Douglas
14. 3:0l : > Class , Pacing Purse , $600
15. 2.29 Class , Trotting Purse , $500
Wednesday , Handsomest Boy 1C. 2:3i : CJoss , Trotting Purse , $300 County , including Stock and
Baby ; same prizes. Manufactures.
Thursday , Handsomest
$7.50.
The best showing Douglas
Handsomest Triplets , ,
Friday ,
las County has made in
$ IO.OO ; Handsomest Colored | ,
Baby , $7.5O ; Handsomest Colored -
years.
ored Twins , $ IO.OCX
IS A FLOATING VOLCANO
Outside and Inside of tlio Nearly Completed
Battle Ship , Oregon.
WILL BE WITHOUT A PEER-ON THE SEA
Snlcmllil Specimen of Undo Snra'fl New
Wat Vessel ! Curries it Terribly Ile-
Btructlio JSntlrrj- How Miu Will
llo Armored A Fast Traveler.
SAN FRANCISCO , Aug. 28. ( Special Cor-
reipondenco of The Bee. ) There Is some
thing intensely Interesting In the sight o
one oC Uncle Sam's ' tremendous battle ships
resting In her dry dock , particularly to a res
ident at an Interior state like Nebraska. .
I was one of o party the other day to visit
the Oregon , the newest of the great battle
ships built at the Union Iron works. Presi
dent Henry Scott of the company having
invited a few friends lo accompany him on
his tug , the Rockaway , to Hunter's Point ,
where the Oregon was resting , receiving Its
quantum of new paint and getting Iqto shape
for the trial of Its engines. In addition to
Mr. Scott , who has the distinct honor of
being president of the finest ship yards In
the United States , there were In the party
Mr. Prescott , one of the directors of the com
pany , two lieutenants of the navy having
charge of the construction and Inspection of
the Oregon , and Mr. Ernest Rlall. formerly
an Omaha man. now engaged In putting In
smoke consumers In many of the leading
establishments of San Francisco. The party
was thoroughly congenial , and the ride down
the bay look on the appearance of n holiday
outing rather than an official tour of Inspec
tion on the part of the * naval officers , who
were compelled to pass upon the engines and
boilers of the Oregon prior to her official
trial trip. The day was. really ideal , for an
August day In this latltudo Is far from be
ing pleasant or agreeable. There was little
or no fog. The sun shone delightfully , and
the sea breeze was just cool enough to make
a light overcoat bearable ,
To the Man from Nebraska the ride was
an ever recurring series of surprises , for
the uhlpplng In the bay was al
most as varied as the nation
alities ono meets with on the streets
of San Francisco. Never , PO Mr. Scott said ,
had the harbor been so full of vessels , nor
had ho ever seen before so many ships un
employed , for no matter In what direction
you might chance to look brigs , brlgantlnes.
ships , three and four-"masters , " with Iron
and wooden hulls , schooners , barks , barken-
tlnes , gome flying the English jack , others
the tri-color of France , or the yellow ensign
of China , with a fierce dragon looking at a
small red sun , with here and there an
American jack to add Its blue field and stars
to the picturesque effect , met your gaze on
every side.PAHADISD
PAHADISD FOIl SHIPS.
From the time of its discovery down to
the present the bay of San Francisco has
been celebrated as ono of the finest bodies
ot water In the world , and , viewed from any
standpoint , It la fully entitled to that de
scription , even under the seaman's view of
a mere harbor. Dut when you see the acces.
sory advantages which belong to It fertile
and picturesque tributary country ; mildness
and salubrity of climate ; connection with the
great interior valley of the Sacramento and
Son Joaquln ; Its vast resources for ship ,
timber grain and cattle when these advan
tages are taken Into the account with Its
geographical position on a line with Asia , It
rlsea Into an importance far above that of n
mere harbor and deserves particular notice
in the history of maritime places ot the
world.
Kven the staid , solid men of business , air.
Scott and Mr. Prcscott , could not help but
remark the picture presented to the llttla
party aboard the tug , for the white salla of
the vessels , Eomo Happing Idly In the wind ,
others drawn tightly Into tbe yards arms ,
with the dark colors ot the hulls and the
deep blue of the water , made a never to be
forgotten marine study ,
"Nearly ten years 'ago , " said a member of
the company , "I drew Into the bay of Naples
with a romantic notion of Its beauty , which
the travelers * of twenty centuries had
heightened beyond measure. Out , " and his
eye turned seaward , "there Is no comparison
between the. bay ot Naples and this bay.
You have Vesuvius At Naples , but there it
no other sign of life In the wuolo surround , ,
less. I mUBed the-colors and cloudi of San
Francisco bay entirety. Instead , I was satis
fied with the blue of the bay , the blue of the
sky of Naples , the blue of all things about ,
myself Included , Vesuvius was a constant
comfort to lift my face- toward , and sec Its
perpetual banner of smoke flutter and fly
away ; but Vesuvius Is small , a strangely
small affair to have such a name , especially
to a man on terms of Intimacy with the
peaks of snow on the Pacific. "
The Oregon was a formidable object to
look at , as It rested upon Its blocks In the
dry dock. It was awe-Inspiring to look
upon this engine of death , and contemplate
Us future , whether for \var or peace , to
think of its destructive power , and how it
would stand when armored and complete In
every part , the finest example of the battle
ship among the navies of the world.
WHAT IT IS SUCCESSOR TO.
I believe that it was after 18SO that a
well known American , upon rising to respond
to the toast : "Our Navy , " prefaced his speech
by saying : "If the length of my reply is to
be governed by the size of our navy , I have
already said too much. " But many things
have happened since then and the country ,
which brought consternation to our Urlllsh
cousins in 1812 , upon the -high seas , after
England had unmercifully trounced France
and Germany , and later allowed Its navy to
become the wreck of its former proportions ,
has , In fourteen years , erected a navy which ,
though small in numbers , Is upon the whole
remarkably powerful , and , thanks be to
ivlse secretaries of the navy , Is rapidly
growing.
In marked contrast with the fifty-eight
battleships , coast defense Ironclads , ar
mored cruisers , armored rams , { protected
cruisers , other cruisers and gunboats and
torpedo boats , which compose the navy of
the United States today having a total ton
nage of 183,051 , carrying 1,034 guns and 174
torpedo tubes , or ejectors , was our navy at
the outbreak ot the civil war. Then we had
one ship of the line , six screw frigates , four
teen screw sloops , thirteen paddle steamers ,
seven sailing frigates , twenty sailing sloops ,
three brigs , three sailing store ships and two
steam tenders , or sixtyninewar ships In
all , besides useless vessels of various classes.
During the war there were constructed or
ordered sixty-four Iron clads of different
types and H7 unarmored vessels , ranging
downwards from sloops of the largest size
to small tugs , \ Vhllea considerable navy
was thus created , It was to a large extent
a navy suitable for only home service and
much of it having been hastily built of im
provised materials , was not durable. Up to
1SSO nothing was done to Improve the char
acter of our coast defenses and our navy
continued to be the laughing stock of the
world. But an awakening came In that year
and It has been constantly growing ever
since. The Interior resources of the country
were not then equal to the entire construc
tion and fitting of large men-of-war , but ,
pending the establishment In the United
States of rolling mills and gun factories and
the organization ofwell formed dry docks ,
designs ami materials , so far as these could
nnt be obtained at home , were Imported from
Europa and the building of a new navy was
begun. Today there Is no branch of ship
building that cantiotrih every one ot Its
processes , be carrleu out In the United State ?
with American material and by means of
American brains arid funds. In less than
fifteen years the 'country has achieved a
new Independence tbrpufeh Us equipment of
a navy that today Is- the pride of the world.
But It Is not so ifluc , $ of the navy that I
wish to speak ns of ; tha Oregon , -which In all
Its parts Is the best jreprescntatlve of the
battleship designed by , , anr government for
' '
its protection upom t'h'e. fens.
An the Oregon lay In the dry dock nt
Hunter's Point and. Jwalked und r the hull
I waa struck with ifs fine lines , a compromise
between the French , .and English hulls of
battleships. It Is 348 reel In length , with an
extreme breadth of , tfl.4 ' * and a draft of
24 feet , displacements 10,200 tons.
Designed for a maximum speed of 10.2 knots ,
In the trial trip of her engines the other day
she easily sustained o speed ot IT knots ,
although she Is only required to sustain a
sea speed of 16 knots.
IN TUB BOILER HOOMS.
The engines are twin screws , vertical and
triple expansion of the direct acting and Inverted -
verted cylinder type , placed In water tight
compartments , separated by bulk heads. The
diameter of the cylinders nt high pressure
Is 31\4 Inches , Intermediate pressure , -48
Inches , low pressure , 75 Inches , with a 12-
Inch stroke.
In this chambered Nautilus , for It Is that
and much more , there are four double-
ended main boilers , two single auxiliary
boilers , all of the Scotch type , and at for
the number of engines used , not only In
driving but performing tbe different function *
ot making Ice , raising MUM. thcro are
twenty-four steam engines , exclusive of
pumps and hydraulic driven.
The water line belt amidships ol tUla
leviathan measures 714 feet , 3 feet being
jbove water and 4',4 feet t 5low , covered by an
IR-lnch steel Harvcyltecl armor. This - Is
connected across the ship at the ends of
the belt by 14-Inch diagonal armor of the
same character us the armor enclosing the
water line belt. Then comes the barbette
armor for the 13-inch guns , and is 17
Inches thick , while the turret armor carryIng -
Ing the guns is 15 Inches thick.
The side of the ship above the belt Is pro
tected by a casemate armor E > Inches thick
counseled at the ends by diagonal casemate j
armor and also connecting the 13-Inch barbette - {
bette armor amidships. The 6-Inch guns are
mounted In armored spotisons 5 inches
thick , while the 6-pounder guns on the main
deck , 2 In the sponsons , and the 1-pounders
on the berth deck fore and aft are protected
by 2 Inches of steel. The uther rapid Hr-
Ing guns are surrounded by shields resting
on the carriages. The conning tower and
shield Is 10 inches In thickness , with a
7-lnch tube leading below and protect
ing voice pipes , electric wires and steam con
nections. The citadel , formed by the belt
and diagonal armor. Is. protected on top by
a two and three-quarter Inch deck , the un
armored ends beyond the citadel being
shielded by a protective deck three Inches
thick , starting from the bo to m of the diag
onal armor and running down Into the bow
and stern , thus forming the ram of the how.
The deck above the armored ends Is
closely subdivided and colter dams are run
along the sides of the ship above the pro
tective deck , which arc filled with cellules ; ,
a material made from the fibre of the co-
ccanut , which swells very rapidly on being
wet by the water. Tlili cellulose Is a very
new discovery , its function bslng to close
up any shot hole which may occur In the
wake or the coffer dams. It Is put into
these chambered apartments between the
skin of the ship and the armor by hy
draulic pressure , jarnl then Is- securely
bolted down , so that should an enemy suc
ceed In putting a shot Into the side , the cel
lulose swelling would effectually stop up the
hole made until repairs could be effected.
Then again the mlnuto subdivisions of the
Oregon Is a further protection to the In
terior against injury , and localizes the dam
ages.
ages.But whlio the ship Is an object of Interest
to thousands who have seen her since her
launching , October 26 , 1SS3 , when she gets
her armament she will be additionally Interesting
teresting- . When equipped the Oregon will
carry four fifteen-inch breach loading rides
mounted In the turrets , eight eight-Inch
rifles , mounted alsoIn the turrets , four
six-inch breech loading rifles mounted In
the armored sponsons , twenty six-pounder
rapid fire guns , two mounted in the armored
sponsons and eighteen mounted on the up
per works , protected by shields ; six one-
pounder rapid fire guns , four mounted with
armor protection , two In the military tops
and two galllngs In the same position. In
addition to this array of guns , there are six
torpedo-tubes , twto fixed fore and 'aft with four
broadside training tubes.
All the guns for this destroyer of com
merce , if made necessary by tha exigencies
of war , are made In the Washington navy
yard gun factory , and some of them are
already at Santa. Cruz being tested.
COMPARED WITH FOREIGN SHIPS.
Taking the best types of foreign battle
ships as a comparison , the arrangements of
the battery on the Oregon will be found su
perior to any battle ship atloat. By this ar
rangement an exceedingly severe bow and
stern fire may bo obtained , as well aa a
broadside llrc.tho guns being so placed that
they will not Interfere with one another's
flre ,
Special attention has also been paid to the
ammunition supply , a new lileu t > i'ig put In
effect which Is considered far in advance of
the systems now in vogue ,
In addition to these , manifold advantages
the ship Is fitted with a complete electric
plant of the most modern style. 'It ' has four
search lights and a complete system of ven
tilation , with a perfect refrigerator service ,
so that Jack may have his Ice water at sea ,
his commodore an old-fashioned cocktail ,
and a powerful arrangement of wrecking
rumps.
She will carry 415 tons of ammunition ,
her battery , with mounts und equipments ,
weighing CG2 Ions.
I asked a lieutenant of the line the rela
tive weights of powder charges for the dif
ferent guns and he told mo that the charge
for the13Inch guns was C90 pounds , the shell
weighs 1.150 pounds and If the gun Is prop
erly elevated has a range of fifteen rnlleg.
For the S-lnch guns , 163 pounds of powder
will bo used , the shell weighing 250 pounds ,
with a gun range of ten miles , For the
6-Inch "thundcrers. " sixty-seven pounds of
powder will be consumed to throw a shell
weighing 100 pounds ilx miles.
The Oregon la provided with a double bottom
tom throughout the major portion of its
length as a protection against damage from
torpedo tubes. Thewhole portion of the ves-
tel under the water U minutely divided by
water-tight bulkheads , connection being had
through water tight doors which can be
opened or shut from the upper decks In case
any one compartment Is opened to the sea
and the Injury done the ship can be con
fined to this one compartment simply by clos
ing the water tight doors from above.
The general plan of the Oregon Is accord-
nig to the modern idea of concentrating the
armorwelghts Into the central portion of the
ship , thus fixing a thick armor over the
engines , boilers , magazines and principal
guns , at the same time protecting the ends
under water with protective decks and coffer
dams. This style of battleship has supplanted
the old style where the armor was spread
from stem to stern.
At the trial of the englnts the other day
she developed a speed of seventeen knots ,
which , though unofficial , shows the spjed ca
pacity of this modern marine terror. For
every quarter of a knot over fifteen knots the
builders will gel ? ; > 5,000. and from these
trials It Is safe to assume the Union Iron
works will receive at least JIBO.OOO extra
for the fleetnsss developed.
PREPARED FOR ANY WATERS.
Viewed In any light the Oregon promises
to be superior , ofTensUe nnd defensive , to
any battleship In the world , her draft being
suitable to work In a shallow harbor and able
to take sea in ell weather.
Luncheon followed the Inspection of the
Oregon at the Union Iron works , Potrero , at
which the secretary of the company , James
O'Brien Qunn , did the honors , and afterward
a trip through the ship yards and work was
mad ; .
While only 900 men were at work In the
different departments , Sir. Ounn stated
that his full complement was 2.000'employes ,
with an average pay roll of 65,000 per
month , Every portion of the ship Is made
here with the exception of the armor and
guns. Every chain is moulded , every Iron
anil steel fitting , every pleca of wood and
brass entering into tire construction of the
vessel are made In these .works .and to see
Immense hydraulic cranes at work In the
machine shops , lifting fifty tons ns easily
as Eandow lifts a twenty-pound weight , ono
realizes what It means to reduce the man
ual labor of lifting heavy objects to the
minimum.
Finishing the works , which were quite as
interesting as the Oregon , Mr. Qu'nn gave
mo my first glimpse of an armored cruiser
In the Olympla lying at the Potrero wharves
awaiting Its turret armor and guns which ,
were they conipleted , could be put on In
six weeks and the vessel made ready for o ,
protracted cruise In two weeks more.
"With the exception of the Columbia and
Minnesota the Olympla Is the- largest of the
cruisers and has been designed for great
speed and handlness. She made In her trial
trip of four hours a. sustained speed ot 1.69
knots , her highest speed , attained with the
sea In her favor being 22.15 knots , the fast
est time made by any of Uncle * Sam's battle
ships , and a credit to an "Infant Industry"
which has In fifteen years placed Itself
abreast the greatest ship building works of
the world. E. C. SNYDKR.
The Roman Catholics In England are to
have a cathedral at Westminster. Cardinal
Vaughn has arranged with nn architect for
the design , which it Is said Is to he not
Gothic , but Roman ,
The oliJest prelate In the Church of Eng
land is the bishop of Chlchester , who Is 91.
According to the latest statistics of the
Free Church of Scotland there Is a total
membership of 344,082 , an Increase of G.8K1
for two years , In the Sunday schools there
are 222.644 young people and 18,938 teachers.
There arc 259 theological students , of whom
thirty-two have volunteered for foreign
service.
The subsidence- earth at Elsleben , the
birthplace- Martin I.uther , and the con
sequent drying up ot a huge salt pond In
the neighborhood , which commenced many
months ago , still continues , The dlhtrlct
Is about 1,000 feet In diameter , Including
Zelslngatrasse , which lias now almost en
tirely sunk out of view. Up to recently
Zcjelngstrasso has been the only part greatly
affected , but within the last few days there
l.as been a further subsidence noticeable in
the same district , a little distance away
from the locality mentioned , and the towns
folk arc In the greatest alarm , fearing that
the entire town will disappear. Numbers of
the richer Inhabitants are leaving tha
place. (
The erection of the magnificent canopy
over the high altar of Our Lady in the
al'rlne of Quadulupo , In Mexico City , has
been completed , The pillars to support it
are each of a solid block of polished Scotch
Kranlto weighing seven tons. The diameter
ot each pillar Is three- feet and the height
twenty feet. The altar will be ready for
dedication on December 12 ( Guadalupo day ) ,
and will bo the most elaborate and costly
one In America , The additions to the
church edifice will not bo computed for
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Manufactured by JIMC. M. TALE , Beauty an
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jIBt S.WetternAvBnui. CHICAC0
For ial < br all drucggtiu. Omaha.
nearly two years at the present rate oi
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Catholic church edlfloes of the world. Th < |
solid silver altar railing weighs twenty-ilk
tons nnd many millions ot dollars are la
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ot worship , *