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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (June 10, 1894)
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE , 11-21 ESTABLISHED JUNE 10 ; 1871. OMAHA , SUNDAY MORNING , JtlNE 10 , 1894 TWENTY PAGES. SINGLE COPY FIVE CENTS. MA' ' Eccnts Along tbo Great Artery of Mongolian Tiafflo. TRIBUTE RICE AND THE IMPERIAL BARNS A Look at Ohinkiang and Other Big Chinese Cities. HOW THE CELESTIALS TREAT PIRATES How the Slop Coolies of Nanking Brought a Mandarin to Time. AN ANCIENT RELIGION GONE TO SEED ClmrnctcrlKtlc Scones In tlin NnrrinvCrnokcil 8trcct * < if Chinese Cltlcn lluw Counties * Acre JMiruiH Are Tilled mill Irrigated Curp'H l xcliiAito Lutlcr. ( Copyrighted 1894 by Frank O. Carpenter. ) CHINKIANO , May , 1891. ( Special Correspondence respondonco of The Bee. ) I write this let ter at Chlnklang , a walled city on the banku of the Yangtso river. It Is about ICO miles from the seacoaut , and' Is at the point where the Grand cunal crosses the Yangtsii. This canal Is ono of the great wcndciB of the world. It Is now In bad repair and a , large part of It U going to ru/if. / But It has been one of the greatest waterways of the world , and It extends from Peking south to Hangchow , Bomo 200 odd miles below this point , running through the great plain from north to mid dle China , a distance about us great as that between New York and Chlcjgo. It ctits Us way through a territory containing 170,000,000 people , or nearly three times as many''an the whole United States , and It taps homo of the biggest cities of the world. . .Peking , where It finishes Its course at the palace , not far from the American legation , Is n city ot more than 1,000,000 people. Tientsin , below this about eighty miles , Is still larger , and as It ruiis further south the canal Is dotted with walled cities and great towns all along Its course to the Yangtso river. Chlnklang Is about as big as Minneapolis. Yang- chow , the next big city on the canal south of here , contains , I am told , 500,000 people , and Suchau and Hangchow each have bay there Is a wall city conta'nlng many something like 750,000 fcouls. At every thirty miles along Its course it Is safe to Bay there Is a walled city , containing many times 10,000 people , and the country back .of it Is a. garden dotted with clumps of trees , each clump shading a Chinese vll lage. The canal at Chlnklang cuts right around the city , forming the Island upon which the main * part ot It Is located. It nuns from here1 northward for 3SO miles without a lock' , but above this , I am told , there are' numerous sluices and locks , and In some places the water Is carried through the country on great stone embankments , twenty and more feet high , and the stream at some of these' places Is fully "UO fcot wdo. ! It has stone 'flood gates managed by sol diers , and it Is hero and there fed by creeks and Hvers , At one point a river was conducted Into it In times past , and the Chinese say that 300,000 men were em ployed fqr seven months In turning the water of this single stream. It cuts thu Yellow river , and It is below thin that the Btono embankments above spoken ol are located. The parts which 1 have seen are those which run near hero , through the Yangtso valley , and those about Tientsin and .Peking. Hero the canal is more llko n great ditch than anything else , and thcie Is now a little army of men employed In keeping It In repair. It was In existen-jH more than 1,000 years ago , and Kublal Kahn laid out the line upon which It now runs. The chief use for the canal In times past has been 'that of a trade artery from north to south. It taps by Its connecting canals and rivers every part of the great plain , and It Is used for thu transportation ot tha tribute rice to Poking. The government taxes of China are to n large extent collected In kind , and woryi , year the farmers send about 133,000,000 I > 6unds of Vice from hero to Poking for the omperdr and hit officials. At Nanking I saw- acre * of great barns which were filled with this rice awaiting shipment , and every town nldng fh.o canal has Its government barns. Just now the rice Is being taken to the north. Of late much of It goes by sen , but a va t deal is still sent by thq Grand canal , and at every town tbnre ate hundreds of nraft of every , kind , and those government Junks sometimes block the canal for days. Hun dreds of men uro employed In towing and pulling the boats , and at places they nre dragged along by means of capstans. The canal winds about llko a river In places , and navigation through It Is bo slow thnt uomo of these rice bouts have started In April during the past few years and have ' not arrived In Peking until September. Paris ot the canal are closed to traffic ex cept during the carrying of the tribute rice , and the condition of It today Is such that It will hardly bo used again as the great water way which It has been In the past. LI Hung Chang has asked the emperor to allow him to build a railroad along It from Tientsin to Chlnklang , and this will eventu ally , bo done. A RELIGION GONK TO SEED. The boats along the canal are much llko those I have described as lying at the months of 'the creeks of the Yangtse. In passing up It you are followed everywhere by crowds , who look with wonder on the foreign devils , and every hero and there you meet bdats containing begging Buddhist priests , who stick out long poles at you. These poles have bags fastened to their ends and Into these the Chinese drop casher or rice. This part of China U full of priests. There Is In the Ynngtso river , Just opposite where I am now writing'an Island which Is Just covered with Buddhist temples , and which has no Inhabitants but priests. Massive granlto terraces , decorated with Btono lions , lead up from the water , and the temples shine out of green trees and flowery gardens. In Nanking I visited a temple- which contained 10,000 Images and golden statues of Buddha , and I have photo graphed a dozen or so of the priests. In the Nanking temple I got a priest to kneel and put his hands In the attitude of prayer while I took a tlmu exposure of his devo tlons , and I am Inclined to think there Is much , hypocrisy about the profession. The priests are fat fellows , In long gowna of gray or yellow linen , and they often have on three-cornered box-shaped hats of black. Tl.uy tihavo tbolr heads and faces and are but little respected by the people. They are , I am to'd ' by .tho best ot authorities here , Ignorant , low and Immoral. The moat of them are opium smokers , and they are the contempt and ridicule of the better classes ot the Chinese. Buddhism In China Is , In fact , a religion gene to seed. U haj Its run In times past , and about a thousand odd yearn ago the greater proportion nf the Chinese wcro Buddhists. It was then the center of culture and learning , and now there are few so poor to do It reverence , The. Chinese are full of superstitions , but their religion Is more a system of morals than ono of theology , and they have a ; many pure Infidels and agnostics as any people In the world. HUMAN ANT HILLS. Speaking of Chinese morality , I believe there la as little crime hero to the popula tion as there U anywhere , I find the pic , as a rule , well behaved , and I am sur prised every day at the common decency with which they treat each other. These Chinese cities have many streets not over four feet wide. In those of Canton you can stand In the center and touch both walls with your two hands. There ore no more thronged places In the world than these streets , and the crowd which moves through them 18 ot all grades and of all occupations. There are mandarins In chairs , who are pre ceded by their servants , who carry boards In front of them bearing the titles of their masters. There are coolies wheeling great barrows , which almost fill the street from side to side. There are donkeys by the dozen , and men loaded with all sorts ol heavy burdens , some of which they carry upon tliolt- backs and others which they have hung to the ends ot poles. There must bo necessarily much pushing and crowding , anil such a scene In America would Include a fight on every block. Here there Is nothing of the kind. The scholar and the gentleman give way , as a rule , to the' heavily loaded laborer , and the work- IngmatUa rights are generally respected. If they ore not the trades unions are such that they bring the officials and people to time. A striking Instance of this recently happened at Nanking. The Chinese , you know , have no such things as sewers , and all of the slops of each household are col lected every day by men and carried out Into the country to bo stored In vats and after words used ns liquid manure. Not a drop nor an atom ot .1 fertilizing nature Is al lowed to go to waste , and slops have their fixed price In the market and are bought and sold. The collectors of these slops are the most offensive characters of a Chinese city. They go about with two four-gallon buckets fastened to the ends ot a long bamboo pole , which rests upon their shoulders. CarryIng - Ing with them a smell worse than a bone- dust factory , they belong to the lowest classes of the people. A LABOR STRIKE. The other day one of these men was rapIdly - Idly walking through Nanking when he hap pened on turning a corner to run Into n high mandarin and spattered him with the contents ot his buckets. The mandarin ordered him to be arrested , and ho was taken to prison. The head ot the slot union objected and demanded that the man be freed. It was not done and the slop carriers struck In a body. The COO.OOC people of Nanking had no way to get rid of their slops , and the danger ot an epidemic disease was Imminent. Suppose you should , for Instance , for a week stop up the sewers of your city you could then appieclato some thing of the state of Nanking at this tlmo. Nanking , however , was far worse off , for II has no sewers at all. The result was thai the mandarin was so besieged that he let his prisoner go free and remitted his fine. I find that the Chinese have a fair Idea ol Justice. They will fight against wrong , and there Is as much of n democracy here In this respect as there Is In America. There Is no place where debts are so punctually paid and credit Is so easily gotten by all classes of people. Honesty and integrity are above par in China , and foreigners tell mo that they would rather deal with the Chinese merchant than with any other business man In the world. Ho never goes back on his spoken or written word , and Mr. Ewen Cameron , one of the leading di rectors of the Hong Kong and Shanghai bank , an establishment which does the blfi- gest banking buslficss on the western Pa cific and whose capital amounts to millions , on leaving China not long ago snld that In the dealings ot the bank with Chinese mer chants for n period of more than twenty- years , and In some aggregating hundreds of millions of dollars , ho had never met with a defaulting Chinaman. Since this statement was made the bank has been defrauded by a Chinese cashier. In general , however , the statement Is cor rect. THIEVES BEHEADED. The penalties of the law are often very se vere and tie | Chinese frequently take the punlihment Into their own hands. All along the Grand canal and the YangtKe you may see at the villages hero and there boats cut In half and placed upon ends. 1 asked what these were , and was told that they were ths boats of thieves or pirates who had been caught stealing. The criminals had had their heads cut off , and their boats were thus set up as a warning to others. In Shanghai I saw a dozen men with great boirds four feet square and weighing as much as forty pounds each fastened about their necks so that they could not move their hands to their faces , nor brush off the flies. They were thieves. In Wuhn there Is a beggar who goes about on the stumps of his .legs , which have been cut oft Just below the knees. Ho was caught several times stealing , and this was the penalty of his crime. In some parts of the empire a man Is punished with death at his third conviction of theft and pirates are always beheaded. Law and order are , however , well preserved , and I believe that human life and property are as sate hero as they are In America. ACRE FARMING. A large part of the farming of this region Is done by Irrigation , and the water rights of the Chinese- are as full of complications as are these of Colorado. Still there are few troubles among the farmers , and with no fences to mark the lines of their prop erty they woik away In peace and quiet generation after generation. It Is wonder ful how well they work and how much they- get off the land. Three crops a year Is by no means uncommon , and It any sign of a failure of crop Is seen the seed for another crop Is straightway sown. It Is wonderful how bmall the farms are. There are thou sands of holdings In China which are less than ai acre , and some are even as small as the tenth of an acre. It Is estimated that an aero ot land will In the better parts of the empire support a family of six , and a volume could bo written on Chinese agri culture. The use of fertilizers Is universal , and , though there are practically no horses and few cattle , there Is no land which Is so well fed. Everything Is saved. Thousands of men do nothing else but gather up bits of fertilizing matter and sell them. The refuse of a rich family will bring more than that of a poor one , and the slops of the for eign part of Shanghai are farmed out an nually for a sum which gives the- city the most ot Its educational fund. Potato peelIngs - Ings , the parings of finger nails , the shavings of the head , form parts of the fertilizing material , and this Is usually put together in such liquid form that not a. bit of It Is wasted. The manure Is kept In great vats , and the farm Is watered like a garden. Each plat gets Its dally food and drink. A dipper full from the vat Is put Into each bucket of water , and the- mixture Is poured In at the roots of the plants. AH throughout this part of China such fertilization goes on. and from $20 to $30 a year Is sometimes spent l"TlioUtooU used are crude In the extreme. I see men working In the fields near herewith with long-handled hoes. These have four teeth of the same lencth as tliose of n pitchfork , and each tooth or tine Is about an Inch In width. They also Ube grubbing hoes or mattocks , and they have n sort of spade with a cross pleco of wood two Inches above where the Iron plate of the spade They push the spade down Into the ground by pressing the bare foot against this cross bar Instead of on the Iron Itself , as wo do. Their plows scratch the earth and are not much better than thoeo used In Egypt. These are pulled by water buftalos. the ugliest cattle known to man. The buffalos grind the rice , tramp the mud and straw for making the sun-dried bricks of which their houses are made , and do all sorts of farm work. When grazing and when not at work they are minded by the little chil dren , who sit upon their backs and who have a wonderful control over them. They crawl up on the buck of the buffalo , get ting first upon the horns of the animal , who bond * down Its head for them. As soon as they are aetrldo of the neck the buffalo will gently raise its head and the \iOy \ will slldo down Itsneck until he has a II rm scat Just behind Its shoulders , Hero he will stay all dayrfl'd I have seen little fellows of 5 and 6 years sound asleep upon the backs of these animals , who are often dangerous and ugly In their actions toward strangers. A good buffalo Is worth about (20 ( , ami farmer * Uten enter a sort ot farm ers' loan association for the use of a com mon fund of money from year to year by which they stock their farms. DRINK HUMAN MILK. I have seen some cows , but their milk In not used ns food. The Chinaman docs not think milk fit to drink , and ho only uses It as medicine. When ho docs that he prefers the human variety and gets a wet nurse. This Is by no means an uncommon thing , and the cmprcsn dowager , when zho was sick not long ago , put herself upon a diet of this kind. I venture the old lady did the milking herself. The mutton of this part of China Is very fine and Its flavor Is said to bo much Improved by feeding the sheep on mulberry leaves. The hogs are of the lubberly black Chinese variety , the dirtiest and filthiest animals ot their kind. They nro always minded by a girl or boy when In the fields , and I saw today n little girl ot 10 whose feet were bandaged so that she seemed to be walking on red hot Irons as she tottered about whipping the hogs. The pigs often sleep In the houses , anil you find them grunting around In the busiest of Chinese cities. There arc lots of chickens , ducks and geese everywhere , and the scien tific raising of poultry by the Chlncvc would make a letter In Itself. They arc sold by the pound by peddlers , who carry them In great baskets of bamboo open work , and arc shipped by the boat load from the country to the cities. Eggs arc used by all classes , and the favorite egg Is from 20 to 30 years old. U Is cooked before It Is put nwny , and when brought forth It Is ns black as your hat , and It tastes like chalk. Ducks are pressed and dried , and the cooked ones I sec In the markets arc oiled so that their picked skins shine as If covered with var nish. They nro not nt all bud to eat , how ever , and those which I have had in the native restaurants are fully as good as any you get In America. Cupid Is always represented as n baby , be cause love never lives to grow up. He They are not on speaking terms-you know. She Why , they ore dead In love with each other. He For that reason thej don't speak ; they Just sit and gaze at cacli other. Mile. Lasscrle , daughter of the historian of the Grotto of Lourdcs , Is to be married at that place to M. d'Arrast , son of the ex plorer of that name , and whose mother Is a grandnlece of Washington. The emperor of Annam , Bun Law , Is a youth of 14 , with a precocious tendency to get married and a faculty for getting Into awkward escapades In consequence. He Is likely to have an annam mated time of It. One of the prettiest weddings last week was that of Mis * * Mary Josephine Thomson , daughter of Chief Engineer James W. Thom son of the United States navy , and a member of the trial board appointed for the United States cruiser New York , to William Hamlyn Duval or New York City , which took place on Tuesday evening In St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church , Camden , N. J. A wedding will soon bo celebrated at which the groom will be In Pottsvlllc , Pa. , and the bride on the other side of the At lantic ocean , more than 3,000 miles away. Louis Thompson of that place Is the hero ol this marriage by proxy , and Margerlta San tos of Gibraltar Is the heroine. The young people have been lovers for a long time , but the young man Is unable to cross the ocean and wed his sweetheart. Geneva , a little town In southern Alabama , close to the Florida line. Is agitated over a social sensation. Edward Cowart , a promi nent young man , and Miss Lizzie Llnwood , a popular belle , were to have wedded. All arrangements were made , the preacher and the guests had all arrived and the wedding supper was tpread , but the bridegroom was missing. A delegation was sent after him , but he declined to come , saying he had changed his mind. The bridal party was notified accordingly. The asseriibled men provided themselves with masks and again called upon the bridegroom , carried him into the woods , buckled him across a ' .log , and lashed -him unmercifully , the blood being made to flow from the back. Ho Hull a Xu\r ScTiemo. A man came down Franklin street last evening carrying n satchel , says the Buf falo Express. A young fellow who stood on the corner of Niagara street stepped for ward and said : "Say , boss , have you got any old clothes to sell ? " "No , " replied the man. "Want your satchel carried ? " "No. " "I'lJshlno your shoes for C cents. " "Don't want a shine. " "Want to buy a paper ? " "No. " The young man looked with well slmu- lajcd surprise at the man carrying the satchel atu > said : "Well , I can clean car pets or pack furniture. " "Haven't got any carpets to clean or furni ture to pack. " "Want your law > > mowed ? " > - "Now , see here , said the man who was carrying the satchel , turning fiercely on the young man who Imii stood on the corner , "what In blazes nre you following me along llko this for ? Quit It or I'll call a police man. " "Well , " replied the young man , "I was only trying to Impress on you the fact that I am willing to wcrk before I asked you for a few cents to get n night's lodging. " He got a quarter. * I'leld In Chicago Ileconl. I nlnt ufennl uv snakes , or toads , or bugs , or worms , or mice , An' thlng.s 'at girls are sheered uv I think nre awful nice ! I'm pretty br.ive , I guess , nn' yet I hate to go to bed , For , when I'm tucked up warm nn' snug an when my prnyerB arc snld , Mothers tells me "Happy Dreams , " an' taken away the light. An' leaves me lyln' nil alone an' sceln * things at night ! Sometimes they're In the corner , some times they're by the door , Sometimes -they're all a-standln * In the middle uv the floor ; Sometime * they are a-slttln' down , some times they're walking 'round So softly and so creepllko they never make a sound ! Sometimes they are as black as Ink , an' other times they're white , But the color ain't no difference when you see things at night 1 Once when I licked a feller 'at hail Just moved on our street. An * father sent mo up to bed without a bite to eat , I woke up In the dark an' saw things Htnndln' In n row , A-lookln' at me cross-eyed on' p'lntln' ut me so ! Oh. my I I wuz so skeered that time I never slep' a mite- It's almost alluz when I'm bad that I see things nt night ! Lucky thing I ain't a girl or I'd be skeered to death ! Belli' I'm a boy , I duck my head an' hold my breath An' I am , oh I so sorry I'm a naughty boy , nn' then I promise to be better an" I say my prayers again ! Gran'mn tells me that's the only way to make It right When a feller has been wicked an' sees things at night ! An * BO , when other naughty boys would coax me Into sin , I try to skwush the Tempter's voice 'at urges me within ; An' when they's pie for supper or cakes 'ut'a big an * nice / I want tb but I do not pass my plate f r them things twice ! No , ruther let starvation wipe me slowly out o' Blunt i Than I should keep a llvln' on an' seeln' things at night ! Dr. J , A. Gilbert of the Yale psychologi cal laboratory has Just completed some tests regarding the mental and physical develop ments ot the pupils of the New Haven pub lic schools showing that boys are more sen sitive to weight discrimination , that girls can tell the difference In color shades bet ter than boys and that boys think quicker than the other sex. CO-OPERATIVE HOME BUILDING Effect of Restrictive ) taws In Now York , Now Jersay and Kentucky , SOME HARD RAPS FOR THE NATIONALS Grim-til of Mutual 'Amoclntloni In Ohio , Missouri and Callfonili Tlio Chinese System Kxplalncit Associa tion > otc . The national system of building and loan associations Is meeting with hard knocks on alt aides. Now York , Now Jersey and Ken tucky are among the latest states taking ilo clslvo action to curb their methods and re duce them to a legitimate business basis. The last legislature ot New York passed a bill , which the governor recently approved codifying and clarifying previous laws regu lating building and loan associations. It was drafted by the slate , league of local as sociations , and Its passage by the legislature as well as the executive endorsement Is a great compliment to the authors. The new law provides for adequate inspection am regulation by the Btao banking department It does not prohibit tile operation of natlona associations Incorporated in the state prior to Us passage , but practically prohibits the organization of new 'associations on the boundless "benevolent11 plan. The effect o : the law will bo to eliminate the speculative clement and confine the business to purely co-operative associations. The legislature of New , Jersey did no' ' enact u new law , but u committee which In vestigated all associations Incorporated li the state made a report which lays the foundation for adequate laws In the near future. Jersey Is a nursery lor all manner of corporations and trusts driven out 01 adjacent states by restrictive legislation There they enjoy unljmltcd freedom am' prosper amazingly for a ' time. . Business adventurers of every grade flock to the favored region , and , ( like mushrooms In a night , develop Into corporations with allur ing titles and unlimited capital on paper. Speculative associations are conspicuous among the number of gct-rlch-quick con cerns. ' There are three grades of building and loan associations In the stnc ( national , state am' local. The first class aspire to fence In the'country , the second conflne themselves tb New Jersey , and the third limit business to the cities In which , they are organized Reviewing the operations of the association's In the state , the legislative committee assert that the national and" state classes discrimi nate Unjustly against * and extort , unusually ' high premiums from the' borrowers , and thai they appropriate money by Inves/ors / who pay their shares for 4 number ot months and then are unable' tof continue payment , thereby losing the amountalready paid. Another objection Is that' there-is no countIng - Ing of expenses , which it is thought are larger than they ought 'to be. The com mittee recommends that1 legislation be hail putting all association * on a uniform basis , the same as savings ami etate banks , and they should bo under the supervision of the banking and instirancoDepartments , KENTUCKY GATES CLOSED. The attorney general and. .secretary of state of Kentucky are Enforcing the law re cently passed .taxing foreign building am' loan associations- doing business in the s'tato. A test case has been appealed to the su preme court , meanwhile the following asso ciations which decline'to pay the tax of 2 per cent have been prohibited , from doing business In the -stato : The EqGltuble Loan and Investment association of Blobmlngton , 111 , ; the Lower Market-and Equitable Loan and Building and the 'Fifth Ward building and loan associations of Cincinnati , and the Indiana Mutual Building and Loan associa tion of Indlanapollsi. The secretary of state has given public notice that any one who solicits or transacts any business for them will be liable to a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $100 for ( each offense. The building and loan Inspection law enacted In Illinois a , ye"ar ago IB being vig orously enforced and1 h'us resulted In much good. Several badly 'managed concerns havebeenound upV In s , Chicago. Most of these , according to thq/Tribune / , were of the "national" order. Tntr ' . ' 'locals , " with a much less expensive mafiiier ot conducting their business , have been more fortunate. Indeed , there Is hardly'any comparison be tween the expense accounts ot the two methods. It Is for -that reason that the "locals" predict that When the examinations shall have been completed the "national" organizations wjll be .m ich fewer In number than they are now Facts llko these show the wisdom ot the action of th'e Nebraska banking department In excluding foreign associations from doing business in the state. OHIO STATISTICS. The bureau of building and loan associa tions of Ohio has Issued a summary of the report for 1S03 .now In the hands , of the printers. The report shows 711 associations doing business In the state , an Increase of twenty-seven over last year. Their total assets amounted to $79,558,300 , as compared with $74,070,434 for , the previous year. These assets included $68,169,433 loans on mortgage security , $4,712.018 loans on stock , $950,131 real estate. Running stock and dividends amounted to $19,770,919 , as compared with $47.081,094 for the previous year. I'ald up stock and dividends Uiereon amounted la $15,940,012 , against $13,500,464 for the previous year. Receipts for the year amounted to $65,253,230 , against $63,919,021 for the previous year. On run ning stock dues vero paid amounting to $21,260,680 , and on paid un stock $5,043,627. Loans repaid aggregated $13,711,143 ; Interest on loans , $4,140,632 ; premiums on loan ? , $961,229. New loans nmdo during the year on mortgage security. $19,793.509 , and on stock security , $3,102,50,0. . Withdrawals of running stock amounted tu $16,798,706 , against $15.011,254 for -the previous year ; $3,237,607 of paid up stock was withdrawn , against $2.606,567 foij' Hie previous year ; withdrawal of deposlts-tttoted up $11,616.615 , against $16,864,115. Dividends were paid to the amount of $2,241.817 } as compared with $1,865.792 for the previous year. The num ber of shares of stock.In force at the be ginning of the year wad 004,772. The num ber Issued during thajyWr was 307,430. The number withdrawn wfo , ( ! 60,516 , The pres ent number of runn/iiK ( shares Is 1,011,686 , being an Increase of /46,94 / over the previous year. In addition ; toi these there were B4.981 shares of paid upjstock at the begin ning of the year , tq which has to bo added 47,751 issued during tlib year , less 21,730 canceled , making tlio dumber of paid up shares now In force 111.002 , an Increase of 26,021 shares during the year. The number of shares ot stock ot 'all kinds now In force Is 1,122,688 , an Increase of 72,935. The number ot shares loaned tin at the beginning ot the year was 270,000. . The total amount of earnings was $5,578,969 , , against $4.865.- 521 for the previous year , The dividends distributed to running fctock amounted to $2,786,053 , and to paid UP stock $990.080. Depositing members number , > 183,983 , and bor rowing members 68,903. The totdl member ship Is 252,886. MPSOURI tQfKING UP. According to the reports of the labor comr inlhsloncr of Missouri the condition of build- ng and loan association ) Is very cncourag- ng. He says the tables of liabilities and assets foot up $31C19,8S3.2I , while the state jinks report assets and liabilities of $115- 196,503.08. The association ! have outstand ing loans of $29,326,579,74 , while the loam ot the banks amount to $99,998,301.48. The authorized capital stock of the associations s $179,410,000. That of the banks Is $21 , . 010,965.05. The capital etocJc ot the associa tions In force Is $97,3:2,792.45. That of the bcnks paid In In $2),010,0ft5.00. ) The receipts and disbursements of the associations for the rear aggregated $12,237,275.08. The receipts 170.96 ( or each member In the association , The present total number of free-running shares la 298,023. The number of shares loaned on Is 125,713. The total number ol shares of paid-up stock Is 10.010. The total" number of all shares la 433,717. The num ber of free shareholders Is G5.SG3 and ot borrowers 15,725 , The total membership Is 71,673. CO-OPERATION IN CHINA. Mr. Prank Carpenter , the noted corre spondent pml trnvplor , nnvn an Instrnrtlvn history of mutual financiering In China In one of his lettcra to The Ucc. The system has been transplanted In this country by the Chlncsa. A suit was tried In a New York court recently Involving a Chinese loan association , In which the methods nf operation wcro explained. Mutual benefits IB the dominant Idea of these associations , and they arc organized and conducted or this plan : A Chinaman who needs a little ready money gets together twenty-four of his acquaintances , forms them Into an as sociation and has himself elected treasurer. Cacti member contributes $30 and the entire sum Is turned over to the treasurer for his own use. Every fourth Sunday after thai the association meets and that month's dues ire put up at auction. At the second meeting the successful bid Is , say , $6. That means that every member , except the suc cessful bidder and the treasurer , shall con tribute $24 , the amount of the bid being subtracted from the regular dues of $30 for each member who has not had the use of money collected at any one meeting. It will be seen from this that the treasurer has the use of twenty-four times $30 , or $720 , which ho repays at the rate of $30 a month during the life of the association The successful bidder at the second meeting will have the use of twenty-three times $24 , or $552 , plus $30 from the treasurer , making a total of $582. Thereafter his dues will be $30 at every meeting and at the end of the twenty-Jive meetings which constitute the association's life , ho will have repaid $720. In other words , he will have paid yearly Interest of nearly 15 per cent on the money he received. At the thirteenth meeting , for Instance , putting the successful bid again at $ R , there will bo collected $30 from each of twelve members , or $360 , and $24 from twelve mem bers , or $288 , a total of $648. Thenceforth the bidder must himself contribute $30 at every meeting , and when the time for balancing up comes hu will find that he has paid Into the association altogether about the same sum that he drew out. For the member who waits until the last meeting of the association the prize remains. He will have contributed about $582 to relieve the needs of his associates and they In turn will hand over to him $720. for by that time every member will be on the $30 list , All Is well for the treasurer It the members are faithful to their obligations. Dut should any prove delinquent the treasurer must , by the articles of assoc'atlon , advance the necei- sary funds himself and take such steps as he can to collect them on his own account from the delinquent members. This Is the way the articles of association begin : "The origin of the beneficial asso ciation is traced to Juke Pang , the object be-'ng to give aid to those who ore In finan cial straits , and to enable others to put their money at Interest , Now we are Indebtol to the kindness of our friends for the organiza tion of this association with the view of put ting this principle Into practice. "It Is of the utmost Importunes to manage the affairs of the association carefully from beginning to end , so that not only one per son but all members will derive benefits therefrom ; for the kindness of all who come to ono another's aid ought not to be for ASSOCIATION NOTES. The State League of Local Associations of Missouri has opproved a draft of n bill for submission to the next legislature. The chances adopted nre to the effect that by laws must bo presented to the state super- Visor. who will submit them to the attorney general ; that all bonds shall be fleJ ! with tic ! superintendent of the Insurance departmsnl or department designated ; providing for state Inspection ; providing that the expenses shall not be more than 5 per cent of the earnings , and making uniform and plain statement ! so'that any one may understand them ; giv ing the state Inspector the authority to Insti tute legal proceedings for the dissolution ol any association found to be losing money. The annual statement of the Schuyler , Neb. , association is a recapitulation of six years' business and shows among other Items total loans amounting to $88,950 ; loans paid off , $17,950 ; cash In treasury , $12,591. A decision has been rendered by the supreme premo court of New York holding that where the articles of association provide that after notice of withdrawal of shares the amount thereof shall be repaid to such member as soon as the necessary funds are In the treas ury , the association cannot lend any of Its funds while the withdrawal notices are on file , and the right of the withdrawing mem ber to receive payment Is not affected by a resolution of the board of directors that only half ot the rcce'pts of the association sha'l 1)3 applied for payment of withdrawals and tint the other half should be loaned to members. The articles of association control the con tract between the members and the associa tion and the directors have no power to change or limit such obligations. The meetings of the California State League of Building and Loan Associations In San Francisco last week have shown the strength of this movement for homes. Dele gates were present from all parts of the state. Twenty years ago , when the asso ciation was formed , there were only four building and loan clubs In California. Now there are 150 , with assets of $20,000,000. In San Francisco these societies have built up the suburbs , and have done more than any other single Influence to counteract the gambling mania duo to speculation In min ing stocks and waste of money In thieving lotteries. In New Jersey the court ot errors and appeals has decided that there Is nothing In the law to make flues levied upon stock holders of building and loan associations by boards of directors for non-payment of dues liens upon either the stock or property mortgaged upon loans. To constitute such fines liens It must bo specifically provided that they shall be such In the constitution of each association. VKAITLEOF T1IK VOVXUXTKHlt. Little Kate's claims to beauty are ham pered by a pair of remarkably large ears , which stick straight out from her head , and seem to get larger all the time , despite the tender ofllces of a fond mother and "Other a.d- mlrlng feminine satellites of the small dam sel. Kate has heard these large ears men tioned frequently , but does not seem at all disturbed by their size and general aggres siveness. Due afternoon the little maid ap peared on the lawn , just fresh from her bath , and arrayed In the fleeciest of airy white gowns. "Come here this Instant and kiss me , lovely Kato , " exclaimed an en raptured admirer , "you sweet little summer slrl ! You look llko an angel , only you tiuven't any wings. " Kate advanced gra ciously and bestowed the desired salute , with an unwonted generosity , then she waved her small hands toward her head with bewitch ing grace , and asked Jocosely , "No wings ? What's the matter with my ears ? " "See those young ones ! " exclaimed a little 6-year-old , looking out of the window to where some little girls were playing In the soft mud of the gutter. "Can't you say children ? " asked her mother , In a correcting tone. "But they ore not , mamma , " said the child. "Tho little girls that go to my kindergarten and kerp their faces clean are children , but those dirty ones are just young ones I" "Are you savin' up for the Fourth of July ? " said ono small boy. "Yes. If I don't buy anything I want , I'll mvo 25 cents. " "You can't have much fireworks for that. " "No. But I can buy enough to get paw nterested. " Small Boy My slater likes you. Young Man ( calling ) That's very nice , I Ike her too , very much. Small Hey Yes , she said "lie liked you be- sauso you never came- often and didn't stay one. Smalt Boy ( to mamma , tucking his sitter n bed ) Tuck In my footsea , toor mamma. Small Sister ( severely ) You mustn't say "footscs ; " you must say feet. One feet Is a foot , and two footses Is feet. Little Olrl ( to her mamma ) What Is a dead letter , please ? Mamma One that has been given to your father to post. Teacher What Is a skeleton ? Can you tell me , children ? Small Tot Plenthe. mllh , It Ith a man without any meat on him. The Congregatlonallst says that when Dr. Starrs retired from the pulpit the other day , after preaching the sermon at Hirvard church , Brookllnc , on the fiftieth anniver sary of Its organization , and had laid aside his robe , Dr. Thomas called his attention tea a largo armchair In thf corner of the pas tor's room , protected by a robe. As the covering was \\lthdrawn , he said : "Dr. Storrs , I Want you to s.t In that chair. " As he did o , filling It to Its utmost capac ity and throning his head back to take In all possible comfort , Or. Thomas added : "That Is the chair In which Richard Baxter wrote his "Saint's Kcst. . Quick as aVfltish , Dr. Storrs replied , "Baxter never got his Idea of the saint's eternal rest from sitting In that chair. " Deacon Wo must devise some means of paying these $500 of outstanding bills against the church ; we ore being pressed for the money. Vestryman ( In surprise ) Why , what nro they for ? " Deacon For flowers , decorations , music , and so forth , furnished for the entertain ment last month , to celebrate the church being at last free from debt. Bergen A new sect has been organized In California that does not believe In wearing clothes. Warden There ought to bo no trouble In getting converts. Bergen How would you do It ? Wordcn I'd go to a man Just after ho had received his wife's millinery bill. I "Mary Jane , " said the rector , solemnly , "the steak Is cooked to a crisp and the po tatoes arc raw. You have left undone the things that ought to bo done , and cooked too done the things that cught not to bo done , and there Is no health In them. " "Is your rector high church ? " "O , yes. " "I suppose he calls sin then a moral obliquity ? " "Higher than that. He calls It a psycho logical eccentricity. " Rev. Dr. Doxology My dear Mr. Ruggles , permit me to suggest tffat the parish Is sadly In need of a little change. Mr. Rugglcs Yes , doctor , I agree with you , but we do not need change In the plate as badly as we need change In the pulpit. One out of every 500 of the population of Italy Is an evangelical Christian. There were about 10,000 baptisms In the Northwest India conference In 1893. There nre eighty missions of various sorts In operation In the slum districts of Phila delphia. Rev. Dr. Alexander Hamilton Vlnton , rector of All Saints' Episcopal church , Worcester , Mass. , has been chosen arch deacon of Worcester. There are eight Protsstant missions In the Congo region. These missions extend over an area of 1,500,000 square miles , con taining u population of 50,000,000. In 1895 Japan Is to have a parliament of rellglons-Jri Kftff5"ln connection with the l.lOOih anniversary of the establishment ft ' { hat "city' ds the cSpvnal'6r"tlioem'plre. Miss Fanny Edwards , the girl evangelist of Louisville , Ky. , Is reported to have saved 1,000 souls In Ohio and Indiana. She Is 18 years of age and lets her long hair hang down over her shoulders. The late Dr. Blgandet , late Roman Catholic bishop of Ramathar , In Southern Burmah , had a keen appreciation of what Is best and noblest In Buddhism , and frequently ex pressed that opinion In his writings. It has been decided that the deaconesses of the Methodist church shall wear black gowns , with gathered or" plaited skirts , bishop sleeves , round waists , turn-down collars and white cuffs. They may "friz" their hair If they desire to do so. The Southern Presbyterian general assem bly at Nashville , Tenn. , reversed the action of the Charleston presbytery In the case of Miss Sadie Means , an employe of "the Clmrles- ton Telephone exchange , who was expelled from church for working on Sunday. George Williams , the founder of the Young Men's Christian association , who was knighted the other day by Queen Victoria , Is still hale and hearty , and takes an absorb ing Interest In everything relating to the welfare and progress of the association. At a gathering of Presbyterians recently hold In Sydney , Australia , Robert Louis Stevenson made an address. He claimed to be a oed Presbyterian because ho had once sat through a sermon an hour and a half long In the old parish church of Lelth. No tidings have been received from the missionary vesbel Robert W. Logan for more than eight months , and so It Is supposed that she succumbed to the fury of one of the ty phoons In the Southern Pacific ocean while on her voyage from Yokohama to the Island of Ruk. The American Sunday School union has re ceived for Its missionary work during the past year $120,168 , as against $109.238 for the previous year. It has employed 138 men , organized 1,785 new Sunday schools , with 68,273 teachers and scholars , reorganized 439 schools and aided 8,363. The memorial tower which Is being erected by the Russians on the highest point of the Mount of O.lves at Jerusalem Is already sev eral stories high , and but one more Is to bo added. It Is to bo so high that both the Mediterranean and the Dead seas can be seen from the top. Sophronlus , the patriarch of Alexandria , now 95 years of age , and who has been a bishop for fifty-five years , Is said to bo the senior bishop of Christendom. Next to him come Archbishop Kenrlck of St. Louis , who was consecrated fifty-three years ago , and Pope Leo XIII. , who was consecrated fifty- one years ago. The Methodist churches of Canada united In 1884 and since their union the results have far exceeded the most sanguine ex pectations. Nine years ago the member ship of the various Methodist denominations was 160,000 , while the returns for the united church for this year show a membership ot 250,000 , being an Increase of 90,000. Rev. John Cotton Brooks of Springfield , Mass. , a younger brother of the Into Bishop Brooks , has been appointed archdeacon of the Episcopal church for the western counties of Massachusetts. The olllco of archdeacon Is a comparatively now ono In the Episcopal church. The clergy who hold It are generally put In charge of the mis sionary work of the district for which they are appointed. The most trustworthy figures make the Church of England adherents In Wales and Monmouthshire 117,900 , or 6.C per cent of the population. The Nonconformists , not In cluding Unitarians , Scotch Presbyterians , Plymouth Brethren , Quakers , Salvationists , and several other bodies , number 387,571 , or 21,8 per cent of the whole population. Of the whole number of communicants the Eng lish church has 23.4 per cent and the great nonconformlng bodies 70.G per cent. Rav. J. W. Whlpplo , a Methodist minister who recently died In Austin , was one ot the original frontier preachers of Texas , No matter how Inclement the weather or how overrun the country with Indians , ho rode his circuit and faithfully filled his appoint ments. Ho often made his Journeys at night to escape the prowling bands of Co- munches or Apaches. On more than one occasion his coolness and courage overawed lesperadoes who liad banded together to dis turb his camp meetings. Quito an animated revival In labor circles le noticeable In Nashville , Tumi , , and the unions are growing rapidly In membership. I A union label league Is ono of the'latest ad ditions to the forces there , and President Gompcrs has been asked to appoint a label agitator ( or that towu. "WHERE ROLLS THE OREGON" Mcnmlcrlnpa of the Mighty Stream Which Drains the Northwest. SCENIC WONDERS LINE ITS BANKS I.nko Chrlnii , the ( ii'iicnii of America ( llliiiimrn nf tlm Surromiillnc ; Country niul It * ItmonrrrR A Chtirni- litff Spot. The tlmo Is not far distant when the wealthy people of the old world will r Ie the attractive and beautiful resorts of Amer ica. Those d our own country who have tired ot going abroad will satisfy their longings for a change of scenery and sur roundings by visiting some ot the beauty spots of our own dear land. Away up In the northwest corner ot Uncle Sam's domain Is the now state of Washington "The countrry where rolls the Oregon. " Few people are aware of the extent of the country drained by the Columbia river , formerly called the Oregon. The southern tributaries of this great river rise within a stone's throw of the head waters of the Rio Colorado , ono branch , the Snake river , meandering through southern Idaho , where It dashes down an abyss 220 feet , forming the Shoshone falls , second only tq Niagara. Farther on this branch of the .Columbia Is Joined by the Owyhee , which heads near the source ot the Hutn- boldt. Returning to the source of the Rio Colorado , wo find another branch of the Columbia sweeping northwesterly , swollen by a thousand creeks and rivulets from the Rockies , until It finally loaves the United States and enters British territory , and than swings back Into our own country. Ono tributary of this great stream heads as far north aa latitude 63 , where the waters seem In doubt as to whether they will run to ward the McKcnzle and Into the Arctic ocean , or through more genial clinics , through the Columbia to the Pacific ocean. This northern tributary , which retains the name of the original stream , entering thd ocean , Is also Joined by another largo tribu tary known as the Kootenai river. Re-entering the United States near the northeast corner of Washington , the Colum bia runs southerly for nearly 100 miles , then westerly abcut the same distance , and then southerly and around the famous re gion known as the Big Bend , and finally Joins the Snake river nearly 400 miles by its own mcandcrlngs from the British line. Below Its junction with the Snake Is found the main Columbia , which has burst Its way through the Cascade mountains about. 125 miles further on. Here this mighty ' stream U still wealing away the rocks which Impede Its prgross and cnuse a beautiful cascade. Fifty miles further on the magnificent Willamette river rises Iti sight ot Mount Shasta In California , enters the Columbia river , which by this tlmo has reached the magnitude of a Mlsslsilppl. Tributary to this great water course In both. Oregon Tmd Washington nro some of the most attractive spots nature 'has given to mankind. Following the line of the Great Northern railway , either from the city of Seattle or Spokane , In the state of Washington , to Its crossing of the Columbia river , we find the village of. . . Wonatcljpe. Heru largo steamers connect Tvtth the Great Northern railway1 trains and run up the 'Columbia to ' < x beautiful lake known ns Lake .Ghelan. LandIng - Ing at a point two miles from the lake , the tourist Boca by stage to the town of CheMn , which Is situated on a level plateau over looking the lake. The Chelan valley Is surrounded by hills and mountains with gently sloping sides and terraces , covered with n dense growth of bunch grass , ex cept where the farmer and orchardlst has changed It to a productive field. The tops of the rldgos or mountains are covered with evergreen forests , giving a pleasing con trast with the open country below and the lake In the foreground. Hero nature has bounteously bestowed her gifts. The valley and terraces of the mountains have a rich toll , especially adapted to the culture of fruit. Poacho * , pears , prunes , apricots , apples and all the small fruits are profitably grown. During the spring and early part of summer the valley and .mountains are covered with a profusion of exquisitely variegated and timid wild flowers. Upon a thousand hills arc feeding klne , And 'long the lake prolific ordclmrds yield Their fruits , and golden grain from many a Is gathered , and the products of the vine , Steamers of the Lake Chelan Railroad anil Navigation company ply upon the lake Its whole length , connecting with the Great Northern railway steamers at the foot of the lake , and with pack trains for the mines at Us head. Ascending the lake the mountains are more abrupt , until finally they raise * sheer from 'the shore for hundreds of feet , and then sweep back and up until the eye Is bewildered In viewing the crrfggy peaks , the long stretches of over green forests , the Immense glaciers In the distance , sparkling In the summer sun , and the streams of 'water dashing and foaming down the precipitous sides of those picturesque mountains. Hero and there may bo seen gray peaks standing lll'o great sentinels overlooking the beautiful lake , along whoso shores these scenes aro' mirrored as perfectly as the original. At the head of this lovely lake wo flml Its principal Inlet , the Stohekln river , rising within a stono'B throw of the branches of the Skiiglt river , which flows Into Puget sound. Near the source of this river , ami within twenty-five miles of the lake nro some of the richest and most extensive mines In the world. The mountains' are allvo with game , flitch as bear , deer , mountain goat , grouse and chickens. All of the streams ore teaming with trout. The winters are mllJ , the mer cury rarely reaching zero , and the sum mers are not hot. A celebrated manufacturer from Philadel phia , visiting Lake Chelin , said : "I have visited Italy , Switzerland and Scandinavia. I have been to all the famous resorts In America , but have never seen a place more. grand and beautiful than Lake Cholan and Its burroundltiKS. " These beauty spots In our own land , which have been Isolated be cause of a lack of transportation have caused many of our own people to go abroad to en * Joy their vacation. With the advent of the Great Northern railway , Lake Chelan Is be coming famous , and ho who falls to visit this Geneva of America misses the oppor tunity of a lifetime. It Is simply grand , sublime and beautiful. The Columbia river , which Is navlgablo from the crossing of the Great Northern railway at Wcnatchce up to the mouth ot the Okanogan river , runs within about two miles of Chelan on a direct line , where f i eight and passengers can bo landed. The lands along the Columbia ami Okanogan val leys are mostly open , bunch-grass covered x lands , and especially adapted to the culture ot fruit , Hiich us peachoH , pears , apples , and all the Hiuallcr varieties. By careful cultiva tion good results are obtained without Irri gation , but larger yields are had when the land Is properly watered. On the bencher or terraces located at a greater altitude , Ir rigation becomes less necessary , according to height. Extensive stock ranges are also along the Okanogan , stretching north Into British Columbia. The ore holt extends across the norther ; ) and central portions of Okanogan county , from west to east , and at many points U very rich In gold and silver. Coal has been discovered near the Mothow river , sorno twenty-five mllcn from the Columbia. Capi tal Is ' itlng liberally In these mlnea aitil there i very reason to warrant the belief that within a short time many localities now Inaccessible will be reached by railroads and this mining region , so near to the agri cultural , fruit and vegetable producing coun try , will create a largo demand for homo productx , think my wanderings oo'r and oo'r , From lake to gulf , from shore to Hlioro ; Hut nonu to me net-in quite so grand AB thin part of Columbia's hind , "Wlicro rolla the Oiegon. "