20 THE OMAHA DAILY BEB : SUNDAY , APRIL 2 , 1893-TWENTY PAGES.
ABOUT BISSELl OF BUFFALO
Pointers on the Now Postmaiitor General , Ills
Characteristics and Habits.
PLAYED PYTHIAS TO CLEVELAND'S DAMON
\ How llo Look" , Arlii unil Tallin MnMi-rfill ,
G'loio-Moiithud unil Humid ! Clg.if
ettci-IIU Life , IIIVlfa and
lilt Hulliilo Iliinic ,
) . March 00. [ Special Correspond ,
cnco of TUB line. ] Ten weeks ago ho
wus only Bissell of Buffalo. Now ho Is Bissell -
sell of the United States. 1 rufer to our
now postmaster general , who has lived hero
for forty odd years , his fat round cheeks
blushing unsccii In his profitable law office ,
nnd his greatness going to waste In the des
ert air of the corporations he hns counseled
In a legal way to the tune of something like
CJOOOU a year. It Is wonderful how events
produce ( treat inon , and how the elevation to
power of ono mortal pulls up the others
about him. llctijamln Harrison raised
his wand and falryllUo ho created na
tional reputations for his old college
friend , JohnV. . Noble of St. I/nils ,
for Miller , hi.i law partner , and tt score of
others. Cleveland opened his lips in ISM and
Daniel Manning and William U. Endlcott
became national quantities , and now through
his second cabinet ntturanco wo arc intro
duced to Hissell , Hoko Smith , Daulol La-
inoni ami other men whoso names wo yet
hardly know how to pronounce.
"HoHoiu I'rlond HKlrll. "
Mr. Hissell and Mr. Cleveland have been
friends and counselors for years , and ( irover
Cleveland has not In the world a man who
stands closer to him than his new postmaster
general. Ho was known in the newspapers
during the campaign of 18S1 as "llosom
Friend Hissell , " and the two , when ihoy
were practicing law together here , were
called the Damon and Pythlus of the Iluffulo
bar. Ho has l > ecn associated with Cleveland
during his years of prominence , and the fact
that ho has not been better known to the
people has come from his queer taste for
keeping himself out of sight. During my
stay In Buffalo 1 have chatted with close
friends of both men and I find that Mr. Bis-
BCll has in the past preferred to bo one of the
slago managers rather than a chief actor in
the elevation of Cleveland to power. It is
not generally known that In the struggle
between Cleveland and Blaluo in lbS4
Wilson S. Bissell was ono of the chief
directors of the Cleveland forces and
that to his sagacity the democratic vic
tory was largely due. Ho was Mr.
Cleveland's private and personal representa
tive all through the campaign , and it fell to
his lot to nullify the scandalous stories sent
out conceining his partner's past life. Ho
had been among the foremost in securing
Mr. Cleveland's nomination for sheriff ,
mayor and governor , and lie h.ul almost as
much to ilo with his llrst nomination for the
presidency .is Daniel Manning , but ho was
not connected with the event. In the Chicago
cage convention of last June Mr. Bissell was
equal In command with \Yilllam C. Whitney.
Ilo did most of the planning and the ex-sec
retary of the navy did most of the executing
nnd got all the credit , although lie would
liavtishared It gladly with the Buffalo man
if the latter had been willing. Mr. Bisscll's
name was scarcely mentioned in tno news-
najNirs , and very few persons know then or
know now the measure of his political power.
lie is now and has been for nearly a decade
one of the great generals in the democratic
party , yet when it was announced that ho
had been chosen to succeed John Wanamakcr
many democratic captains asked : "Who is
WllsonS. Bissell ? "
The new postmaster general , according to
the statements of those who know him hero ,
is ono uf the closest-mouthed men in nubile
life. Ho has always kept himself in the
back ground , and even In Buffalo ho has
.been rarely talked about. He has not the
wiliest of acquaintanceships , but ho is a
companionable man , broad-minded , witty
nnd a good talker , except where his own
affairs are concerned. Mention these and
lie shuts up like a clam and cither stops
talking or changes the subject.
\Vuimiimk ( > riiiiil lllssrll.
In this respect Postmaster General Bissell
will bo found far different from John Wana
makcr. Our last postmaster general was
generally ready to talk about anything ,
from his Sunday school to great postal reforms -
forms , and from his store to the chances of
forinno making for young men. Mr. Wana
makcr is a man of many Ideas , of much
shrewd common sense and of a lively appro
elation of the value of the newspaper man in
tliu way of helping on himself and his parly.
Ilo liuil a first class newspaper man at a
salary of $ J,000 a year , which he paid out of
his own pocket , by the way. in the pel-son of
Marshall Cushlng.and the correspondents and
news gatherers wore alwnjs welcome at his
oftlce. Through this his-aiimlnistration was
bettor advertised and better presented to
the people than that of any postmaster gen
eral of the past , and I understand that he
considered Ills newspaper secretary ono of
his best Washington investments. If Post
master General Ulssell docs not change the
'
character' had hero ho will do differently.
He has never had much to do with the news
papers and has , I am told , cut shy of them
nnd hiis'npparently rather feared them. Mr.
Watiamaker was always accessible and I
have always been impressed by his honesty
and his" plain , practical common sense. Ho
know how to deal with men ami ho seldom
talked with a person long without making
him a friend. Ho understood how to brush
aside deta'ls ' and make the other men work
for him. The now postmaster general has
had to deal with books and legal questions
more than with the managing of men , and
no will not start out with the same ad
vantages Wanamaker's experience in his
Btore gave him.
The twp postmasters general are the op
posite in appearance. Bisscll weighs twice
as much as Wanamakcr and ho tips the beam
at about IKK ) pounds. His massive skull could
contain Wnnamaker's head and the brown
hal of the great merchant would not touch
the walls of Blssell's cranium were it boxed
up In Its center. Mr. Bissell's arms are as
big around as Mr. Wnnamaker's calves and
his thighs measure almost as much in cir
cumference as docs Honest John's waist.
Wannnmkcr Is about live feet eight ; Illssell
is over six feet in his stockings. Both are
smooth shaven , both dress In black and are
simple in their tastes.
Cleveland mill Hlxtoll.
Hero at Buffalo I hear many comparisons
of Cleveland and Bisscll , ami the new post
master general seems to ho in most ways the
twin brother of the president. Their lives
have run close together. Tiie.v squalled in
their cradles at about thccsamo time away
back In the MUs. Both [ came of fairly-well-
to-do families , Blssell's parents being per
haps the richer and sending him to school
nt Valo. Both were bachelors till they wcro
40 years old ; their wives are of about the
same ago and the two girls went to school
together. Both families have ono baby
daughter , and the little girls arc of about
the sumo ago. I chatted last night with an
old lawyer friend of the two men. Said lie :
"Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Bisscll have been
almost Inseparable over t > lnco the latter was
chief clerk in the ofllco of Lansing , Cleveland
&Folsom in 1870. When Mr. Cleveland was
elected sheriff ol Erie county ho wanted Mr.
Hissell to become his deputy sheriff , but the
clerk thought ho saw better things ahead In
the law line and declined. A few months
after ho became the law partner of Hon.
Lyinan K. Bass and tlireo years later Mr.
Cleveland Joined the linn. The two men
were seen together almost everywhere , and
culled each other l\Vils' and 'drove. ' When
Mr. Cleveland married the daughter of an
other of nis law partners , Oscar J > "olsoni ,
Wilson Bisscll was the best man , and when
the present | Kstinaster ) general married
Louise Fowler Sturgis In February , 1MK ) , Mr.
and Mrs. Cleveland were the guests of honor.
These two men have never ceased to bo
'Wlls' nnd 'Grove1 to each other , and it is
likely that no one in the cabinet will have
more tnllucnco In the administration than
Wilson S , Bisscll. "
The UUiull-Ulrvcliiml I. : w I'lrin.
The old law llrm In the Weed block , Buf
falo , of which Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Illssell
vcro members has probably sent out moru
public men than any other In the United
States , and Mr llloll U not the nnly postmaster -
master general among them. The llrm dates
back to 1HIM , whrn Hon. Ornsmus II.
Marshall , tint must famous of western New
York historians , opened his law nftlce. Mr.
Marshall's llr.il two partners both left him
to take public ortlee. Ills third partner was
Judge Nathan 1C. Hall , who had until then
bein Mlllard Fillmoro's law partner. When
Flllmoro became president lie selected Judge
Hail as his postmaster general , afterwards
appointing him rutted Stales Judiro as
successor to Koseoo 'C'onkllng's father.
Nearlj nil subsequent members of the
linns descending in dlret line from
O. H. Marshall have held some Important
ofilco from district attorney up. Ono
of UK/MI , Hon. Lytmin 1C. Bass was not only
a district attorney but a member of congress
and his widow Is now the wife of Senator
Ed Wolcott of Colorado. Mr. Bass was Bis-
sell's llrst partner , and Grover Cleveland
joined the llrm In 1S74 after his term of
sheriff had expired. Bnss withdrew on
account of ill-health In KM , and left the firm
named Cleveland t Blssell. The two men
did a very larzo business as confidential
advisers and counsel to corporations and in
a year they were obliged to take in another
partner , Mr. Cleveland remained a member
of the llrm throughout his term as mayor of
Buffalo , but retired upon his election as gov
ernor of New York , leaving Mr. Blssell where
ho has neon oxer since , at the head of the
llrm , which is now styled Blssell , Sicard ,
Hrumlago & Bisscll.
A WK l.iuvycr Outalilu thn C'oiirU.
1 am told here that notwithstanding the
fact that the new post.naster general has
ber-n making from f 10,000 to $ , V,000 ) a year at
the law. that ho has never had a case in
court In his life. Still he has been a member
of the bar for twenty-two years and lias
made a fortune of something more than
'lOO.lJOO. Ho has wonderful executive
ability and has made his money
as counsel In bi- ' corporation cases.
Hoisn great man on contracts , and his
quickness to form a sound Judirtnent on im
portant matters has caused his advice to be
sought in many of the largest railroad trans
act ions of recent years. Ho has been pres
ident of two railroads and is still at the head
of the Buffalo Southwestern , which lie
organized , for which ho obtained the
right of way and for which he conducted
the appraisal by which the road was leased
to the Erie and its stock brought up to par.
He organised the Buffalo Geneva road ,
now a branch of the Heading system , pro
cured its charter and was its lirst president.
He also organised the New York corporation
of the Lchigh Valley railroad. His present
connection with the Heading system would
bo hard to discover , but , without exception ,
his railroad management has been remark
ably successful. Ho has a fa-'ultj forgetting
quickly to the bottom of big matters and Is
a famous negotiator. Hence by tact and
training he seems to be a far better man for
postmaster general than most persons liax'o
supposed. 1 am told that the Postofllce de
partment was the portfolio ho wanted and
that ho said to the president ho would like
either that or to bo secretary of the interior
though ho didn't care much which.
Somr hlll" About HI * * HiihUs.
Mr. Blssell , with all his greatness , is a de
votee of the cigarette. Ho smokes inces
santly , and uses the Hussian and Turkish
varieties , and with his big head as a back
ground the little cigarettes grow smaller
and smaller till it looks as though ho was
sucking the end of a taper rather than
smoking. Ho smokes while ho talks and ho
is a good conversationalist. He Is simple
and unaffected in his manners , and is , 1 lind ,
very popular with those who know him well.
Ho has been a club man for years. Ho was
president of thu Buffalo club , the most im
portant institution of the kind in Buffalo ,
for a longer term than any one else and they
tell of seeing him engaged in a three-legged
race up there with a Buffalo bank president ,
lie never was a member of the fast set , how
ever , and now that ho is married ho is so
devote 1 a husband that ho is the subject of
much good-natured jesting.
A \\oril About Mr * IlUnell.
Mrs. Blssell has been living in Buffalo for
only a few years , but she has made herself
very popular hero and I lind that she has
many admirer ? and friends. She is both
pretty and accomplished and she promises to
bo ono of the leading social figures of this ad
ministration. Let mo toll yon how she looks.
Mrs. Bissell Is tall and well rounded. Her
dark brown hair is worn combed straight
back without a crimp or curl. She has beau
tiful teeth and handsome blue eyes. She has
a good tailor , but in dress she follows Mrs.
Cleveland's taste for simplicity. She carries
her head high in the air and gives one the
itnpresslon of strong self-relianco and great
energy , determination and ambition.
A IComiintlc MarrlHRC.
There is as much of a romance connected
with the postmaster general's marriage as
with that of President Cleveland. .Mrs.
Bisscll's maiden name was Louise Sturgis ,
and she ' comes from an old family which is
well' known in different parts of the union.
One branch of U lives at Manslield. O. , and
ono of Mrs. Bissell's relatives there has a big
brick house lu the most fashionable part of
the town. Another branch moved from
Manslield to Now York city , and Stephen
Sturgis is one of the unknown well-to-do men
of the metropolis. Ho would bo called noli
outside of New York. The branch to which
Mrs. Blssoll belongs comes from Geneva , N.
Y. , and Mrs. Blssell first came to Buffalo to
teach music in the Buffalo seminary.
She had early shown a great
taste for music and It was hero
that she had in pr.rt earned the
money which took her to Germany and
France , where her beautiful contralto voice
was trained by Stockhausen and La
Grange. Since the time she and Mrs. Clovo-
land-had Dccirschoolmatcs at Wells college
she had planned and worked and studied
with the idea of becoming a professional
singer. When at last she was lilted to up-
pear in public as a professional , one of her
llrst engagements was as a soloist at a
Buffalo orchestra concert. While in that
city she was the guest of Mrs. George Sicard ,
wife of one of the members of the Bisselt
llrm. Mr. Bissell mot her there , and it was
u case oflove at llrst sight" on both sides ,
and the arrows of Cupid drove the Goddess
of Music off the Held and Louisa Bturgis , the
music teacher , became Mrs. Wilson S. Bls
sell , the wife of the rich Buffalo lawyer and
the future postmaster general.
The ISUsnll ( Ionia at Ilillljl i.
Mis. Bissell , of course , gave tip her teach
ing upon her marriage , but at her homo hero
she has always had a musical circle round
her , and at the capital she will form a fea
ture of its musical as well as of its official
society. She has a line voice , and . ho has
sung a ; a number of entertainments fur
charity. Her home hero is a line old-fash-
ionod brick residence of two-stories and a
mansard roof. There Is a tower in the
middle of the front , and this forms
the entrance on the ground lloor. It is situ
ated on Delaware avenue , surrounded by
beautiful grounds , and is the house In which
James -Iatthcws , the famous editor of
the Buffalo Express , lived and died. Post
master General Blssell bought it a couple of
years ago , and ho has furnished it in a solid ,
substantial way which harmonizes with its
big rooms and its old-fashioned character.
Since ho has boon in it ho and Mrs. Bissell
have given ( luan.s quiet little parties and a
number of musiealcs , and she has shown her
self a most entertaining and accomplished
hostess.
1 am told hero , in fact , that Mr. Bissell
would never have been postmaster general
had It not been for his wife. It is said that
Cleveland ottered him a cabinet position
eight years ago , but lie refused it. 'lltis was
before ho had met his fate. With his marriage -
riago his tastes have changed , and ho will
do anything to oblige hia wife. She has
naturally great social ambitions , and when
President Cleveland gave her the. chance to
gratify these In making her husband a cabi
net minister Mr. Bissell accented the place.
Whether this story of Mrs. Bissell's porsuas-
lx-o powers Is trim or not , It Is an interesting
ono , and I give it for what it is worth.
FlIA.Ni ; G. CAUl'C.NTClt.
There are three things worth saving
Time , Trouble and Money and Do Witt's
Little ICarly Risers will nave them for you.
Tlieso little pills will save you time , as they
act promptly. They will save j on trouble as
they cause no pain They will s.ivo you
money as they economise doctor's bills.
In a recent sermon Archbishop Ireland
told a story related to him by ttio late Cardi
nal I avlgcrlo about those who are more
catholic ilian llio | K > po. H is of iwo Jesuit
fathers from Paris who prcacheu a ixvo
xveoks retreat to a convent in Algiers , dur
ing which the good nuns found no llmo to
make a rochet for the cardinal , being en
gaged In txvo uovcuas for the pope's conver
sion ,
ZION'S ' MAMMOTH TEMPLE
The MtjrnlOoant Pile of Gray Granlto
Roared in Salt Lnko Oity ,
DIMENSIONS , EQUIPMENT AND DECORATIONS
Otcriliiiilinrlni ; All I'rotlini * Umlrrtnkliiga
of thu Morimmn , unil from lit l.olty
Tow ITU Moroni Illnun n Silent
Trumpet Mormon IIMory.
The world might bo searched In vain for
a land equaling America as the paradise of
isms. They arc not confined to political life ,
Hcllglous life Is honeycombed with them.
Mysticlsmand materialism , rationalism and
the higher criticism , flourish side by side ,
while sects Innumerable , good , bad and Indif
ferent , are to bo found beyond the boundaries
of recognized creeds. No matter how weird
and startling the tenets or theories , they
ilnd hero a fertile soil and a congenial clinic ,
and thrlvo luxuriantly.
The free air of liberty Is a great promoter
of so called religious enterprises. Every
year records the breaking away of some
leader from the restraints of theology or tno
tiisiplino of denominations. In most cases
the leaders of now religious crazes are not
above sordid motives , and the salvation
they seek to disburse has also In view their
financial salvation. Of the many genuine
native movements of dubious origin and
character , Mormonism Is entitled to a lead
ing place. After sixty years of travail , per
secution and prosecution , moral obloquy and
crime , it is now a recognized Institution , in
the west.
The Suit Iul > Ti'inpli- ,
Apart from the crimes committed and the
abominations practiced by Mormon leaders
In Utah , the spirit of heroic self-sacrifice
manifested by the followers of the prophet
Joseph command admiration. And the people
ple of the west , particularly , appreciating
the hardships endured and the difficulties
overcome , may honestly rejoice with them at
the dedication of their magnificent temple in
Salt Lake City on the ( ith lust. It Is n monument
ment to the labor and devotion of the Mormon
people extending over n period of forty years.
A souvenir of the approaching dedication ,
issued by the L'nlon Pacific , gives an inter
esting history of this many-towered temple.
As early as lh.M a general conference decided
that a temple should bo built. Nearly two
years elapsed before definite action was
taken , and on February U , 1S.VJ , the ground
was measured and 1'ild off. According to
the original design Temple block was to con
tain forty acres , but later on this area was
reduced to ten acres , its present size On
April 0. IS.Vt , tfie twenty-third anniversary
of the churchwork had adcvnccd sufficiently
to allow the laying of the corner stone and
this ceremony \\as performed by the lull
hierarchy of the church. The foundations
were commenced Juno 1C , 1S5I1 , and finished
July ! ! ! J , 1S.V ) . The e.ipitono of the temple
was laid April 0 , IMU , with impressive serv
ices and in the presence of the largest as
semblage ever gathered together In Utah.
Immediately after these ceremonks the
work of surmounting the capstone with the
llgtiro representing the angel Moroni was
proceeded with. This figure is of gigantic
proportions , being 1'J foot fi'.j' ' inches in
height. The Idea convoyed by the statue is
that of a herald , or messenger , in the act of
blowing a trumpet , an embodiment of the
fact of Moroni bringing the gospel to the
earth in this latter day dispensation. The
figure is admirably proportioned and its pose
is graceful. It is made of hammered copper ,
is gilded with pure gold leaf , and surmount
ing its crown is an Incandescent lamp of 100-
candle power. The placing of the orna
mental spires on the other towers was con
tinued till all were in place , each being pro
vided with electric lights ; the tower walls
were washed , pointed and received the
finishing touches , and gradually the scaffold
ing was removed , leaving the building , so far
as the exterior was concerned , completed ,
and with nothing to mar the sight and study
of its magnificent beauty.
A Mighty Undertaking.
Although forty years have flown since the
commencement of the structure they do not
by any means represent a period of continu
ous work. On some occasions , when the
worltmen on the walls had overtaken in their
work the stonecutters and quarrymen , there
would bo a season or two of inactivity in the
former department. It should bo remem
bered , too , that until the completion of the
railway from Salt Lake City south , and the
completion of the Union Pacific railway ,
each stone had to bo hauled by ox team from
the quarries , twenty miles distant. Every
Salt Laker of the ago of 83 years and down
ward recalls , as a boy , the curious spectacle
of six or eight tolling oxen drawing a cart ,
underneath which was suspended by chains
a monster roc'.c from the mountains. It fre
quently took four days to bring a single rock
from the quarry to the Temple block , and
the road was strewn with the wreckage of
wagons and carts unable to bear the strain
put on them. When the locomotive reached
the quarries , however , there was a great
change. Tons wore transported easier than
pounds could have been formerly , and a
whole train load of great granite blocks
rolled into the temple grounds every few
days during the building season.
IHmniHloiis of till ) Tuinplr.
The principal dimensions of this grand cdi-
lice are worthy of note. Its whole length ,
including towers , isS'J ' * $ feet , nnd the width
O'J. There are six towers , three on the east
and three on the west end of the structure.
Other measurements may bo summarized as
follows :
To end of To top of
rock work , spires.
Height of central cast 1owur..2K ) ft. li'2'J'i ' ft.
lleljihtofceiitralwe.it tower.204 ft. Slu ft.
llemhtuf side cast towur.4 188ft. COO ft ,
Height of hide west towers. . . .182 ft. 194 ft.
To top of
roi-K work.
HolKht oMralls 1G7'ft. .
Thlckni'ss of walls nt bottom U ft.
Thickness uf walls at top ( J ft.
Thlekm-ssof bullri'sst'n 7 ft.
The whole rests upon a footing wall 10
feet thick and 10 feut deep. The building
covers an area of 'Jl5. ! > 0 foot , and has cost up
wards of fiiooooo. ;
A circular stairway in each corner tower
extends from the basement to the very
top ; the steps , upwards of00 in number , are
all of solid granite cut by hand , built into the
m.issixv walls and the gigantic newel post of
solid masonry ; the only wood work is a
wainscoting of heavy oak , crowned with
molding and relieved by a hand iailj the
whole giving an impression of the time-defy
ing castles of the middle ages , built to stand ,
without crack or quiver , for a thousand
years. The building is lighted by electricity ,
heated by hot water and equipped with fire
apparatus.
Interior I inlnli.
The marble-tiled baptismal room in the
basement is grand and impressive in all of
its appointments. The capacious bronze font
rests uujn the backs of twelve Ufa sized
bronzed oxen , a reminder of a like feature in
the house built by Solomon , which "stood
upon twelve oxen , three looking toward the
north , and three looking toward the west ,
and three lojkiug toward the south , and
three looking toward the east , and the sea
was set above them , and all their hinder
parts were inward. " This large room has a
pavement and liaso of line white marble. A
smaller room on an upper floor , resplendent
in blue and gold. Is paved with an artistic
ally designed native-wood mosaic , the blocks
being no more than an inch square and finely
polished. White and gold are the prevailing -
vailing colors throughout , and harmon
ious tints. judicijusly distribute 1
remove every suggestion of too dazzling
brightness. Notably is this the case in thu
overhead nnJ side-decorations of a largo hl'h
room on tlu * north side , which is exquisitely
chaste , harmonious ami natural In color as
well as in ovury appointment. So it goes
from foundation to summit - every where are
symmetry , solidity , rkhness and puritj.
Then1 are four Hours , counting the base
ment , an.l each onu , excepting the top , is
divided into rooms of varying sUeu. This
upper or assembly room u.'cupies the xvh.ilu
extent of the building , except the towers ,
being PA ) foot long , S ) fv-'et wi.io and : ! f > fc.'t
high , with a seating c ip uit. , , inclu 1 ing thu
gallery , of nearly lUKMpurs ms. The gallery
Is of graceful swoop ; U U railed with bronze ,
and is ivachcd wl.h chvuiar suiirtvajs in
each of the four corners. The elevated
stands for the priesthood at either end , the
choice hand-carved decorations of dais and
balcony , the broad auditorium , the artis
tically paneled celling and frescoed frieze ,
with innumerable nermanont lights mingled
lu the cornice , and live dependent chuuUcliers
all combine In prrRcntlng a scene which
will bo equally ImiKiMng by day or by night.
lllrlli orilliiriiiiinlnin.
The establishment of the Mormon church
Is credited to a Yankee. The original
prophet , swr and rnrelator was a native of
Vermont , born December 'Jit , 1S0.1 , Amid Its
rugged hills and Impenetrable forests Joseph
Smith roamed anil dreamed his early days
away. The family. niox-ed to Ohio in is 13 ,
later to Now Yorlrt suttling near Pain y ' . .
It Is pretty welt settled that Joseph did not
conceive the Idea of Mormonism. Ilo is
classed by biographers as an Indolent and
Ignorant person , possessed of a cunning
whichcnabled him afterwards to profit by the
ideas of others. But ho proved an apt pupil
In the hands of Sidney Hlgdon and a man
named Spauldlng. Joseph's tutors were de
veloping a plot to glvo the world a new re
ligion. Spauldlng had written a re
ligious romance , a copy of .which .
fell Into Higdon's hands. The romance
in question and in brief told
about sex'cral nations of people who resided
between the Isthmus of Darlen and the ex
tremities of North America. These nations
wcro nt war , and finally the great battle of
Cumorah was fought at a spot where Pal
myra , N. Y. . is now located. The contending
hosts were the Latnlnltes , who were the
heathen of tills country , and the Nephltes ,
who were the Christians. The battle re
sulted in great slaughter ; in fact , the nation
of Nephltes was destroyed , with llio excep
tion of a few , among them Mormon and his
son , Moroni. They were righteous men.
God directed them to make a record of all
those Important events upon golden plates
and bury them In the earth to bo discovered
and translated at a future ago.
Smith had little dinicnlty in unearthing in
the forests near Palmyra some wonderful
plates , which , however , not being gold , but
copper or brass , served as well , for the
hieroglyphics were there. These , through
the power of Inspiration , Joseph Smith deci
phered , and from them "Tho Book of Mor
mon" is said to have originated. Other his
torians claim that the book was written by
others , so that there is no certainty as to
what its actual origin was. It matters lit
tle , however , in the light of the fact that
there is a "Book of Mormon. " Smith anil his
coworkers had little difficulty in securing a
largo and devoted following. Mormonism
spread rapidly over the eastern and Now
England sritea. Proselyting then , as now ,
was openly and zealously carried on.
"The Book of Mormon' ' Is not only a sacred
book for many thousands of people , but It is
a literary curiosity , and one of the rarest
products of the early press of interior Now
York. It is an octavo of .7,10 pages , and was
printed at Palmyra by E. B. Grandin in ISIiO.
It contains about one-third as much matter
us does the King James version of the bible.
Moving \\cit.
Late in the ' ; ! 0's Smith and his followers
moved westward. Settlements were formed
at Klrtland , O. , and at Independence , Mo.
In both places they thrived and increased in
numbers , not so niiich from proselyting as by
the influence of their patient industry and
wonderful economy. The crookedness of
Smith in business affairs provoked vigorous
prosecution. Smith was tarred and feath
ered and many of his followers hurled into
the Mississippi to drown. In ISli'.MO the
decimated band settled in Hancock county ,
Illinois. Hero they founded a new /Ion
Nauvoo. A temple was started and $1,000-
000 expended on it , but it was not completed.
The city nourished , and as the Mormons
prospered envy and distrust spread among
non-Mormons. Koscalsof every grade flocked
to the neighborhood. Dissensions arose in
the temple. These irreconcilable elements
eventually resulted in the mass.icro of Nau
voo , the death of the prophet and the flight
of the Mormon remnant. Hardly had they
crossed the river Into Iowa than the torch
was applied to the tcmplo and to their
abandoned homes.
The sufferings of the members of the faith-
lul band on the bleak Iowa prairies in the
winter of 1843 is one of the saddest
chapters in western history. Theirs
was a trail of blood from the Mis
sissippi to the Salt Lake valley.
The wanton destruction of their property.
the massacres and the hardships endured
rendered explicable , if they fail to
justify the crimes subsequently perpetrated
by themselves in Utah.-
Mormonism has seen its best days. It is
shorn uf its' . plumage. .Its path Is ono of
decay. ItIs utterly Incapable of maintain
ing its supremacy in the midst of modern
surroundings and the search lights of educa
tion. But its temples will stand for ages as
monuments to an amazingly potent , though
misguided , zeal.
llcllc Hunt.
See the I.cntcn maid demure ,
With her earnest face and pure ,
And tlmt transpQiidentnl.tuiiderhiiillo upon It ;
As to mass she wends her way ,
I'rayer-book. cross and rosary ,
She Is meditating on bur Easter bonnet.
Heo her kneel before her pow ,
hlf t her eyes , so heavenly blue ,
To thu ultar , with the decorations on It :
See her scan the service liiiKii
With the air of saint and sage ,
As shu fondly dwells upon her Kuster bonnet.
See her to confoslon go ,
With a step si'dalu and slow
Si'ok thu penitential stool and kneel upon it ;
Hear her "fi-.ss" all sorts of .sins ,
SI/.L'd from uluphants to pins ,
Still coKltatlnK on her Kastor bonnet.
Let the pretty maid alone ,
Hio Is giddy that wo'll own ,
Ilnl sho's innocent I'll staku my life upon it !
Let her choose 'twlxt ( lowers nnd wings ,
Fancy pin ? , or velvet strings.
1'or wrnat Is spring without thu Easier bonnet ?
KKIMilO I/A.
Hov. F. E. Clark , the originator and pres
ident of the Christian endeavor movement ,
Is a Canadian by birth.
Hcv. Dr. Morgan Dix , rector of Trinity
church , Now York , has ordered a bell to bo
placed in the Episcopal church at Coopers-
town , N. Y. , as a memorial of his father ,
General John A. Dix.
The American Baptist Yetr book ,
Just issued , furnished the following statis
tics : Baptized during the year , lliii'JJ ( : ;
total membership , : iyS.'tUX ) , a gain of lli- ; ,
83-I : ordained ministers , 131,7'J.l ; ehuivhes ,
30TD : ) ; associations , M : > S.
Hov. Dr. Faimco of the Fifth Avenue
Baptist church in New York asked his con
gregation to contribute $ ! 3. ( > U3 last Sunday
to convert the heathen. The contribution
box went around and the collection footed
up 10,000 in cash. And still the heathen
rage.
Father J. J. Nouri- the Armenian priest
who recently gave a circumstantial looking
description of what ho claimed to bo Noah's
Ark , which , ho alleged , ho had discovered on
the to | ) of Mount Aararat , 1ms been ad
judged insane and committed to a hospital in
Napa , Cal.
Kev. J. W. Kiley , pastor of an Ohio
church , is a muscular Christian. A few
nights ago ho called upon the Steubcnvillo
town constable to quiet a gang of toughs
who had entered the church , and when the
latter failed in his mission the pastor
thrashed the wliolo crowd.
The British and Foreign Bible society
ffinco- ISO ! has printed and distributed l T-
Wd.fiSl volumes of the scriptures ; the
National Utblo society of Scotland has dis
tributed 12.710.320 .copies : the Hibernian
Bible soeielv , 4.lJtb,430 copies ; the Prussian
Bible society , (1.VJ,801 ( ( ) copies , and a hundred
other bible Soclotics have for generations
been swolliii' . ' the total anmi il output.
ThoHev. C. II. Tyndall of N.nv York Is
the -first person to illustrate his sermons
xyltli incnagorU' effects. Ho used a stuffed
lion as his latest Inspiration , and to make it
more impressive hai' it fixed up with a roarIng -
Ing aparatus which enabled it to emit a soul-
corro.ihu' sound like that of a dull saw
tearing its way through a knotty board.
A great deal of information is given in the
now catalogue of PennsylX'anla university ,
which will appear soon. It shows that the
university covers forty-one acres ; its real
estate and endowment fund is valued at
nearly $3,01)0.00. ) ) ; U lias 'J.Oi : ! students in the
various departments , vviiilo In 1SS1 there
were only 'Jtls students ; the total number of
professors in lh.M was forty-four , whllo there
are at present 'JO. ) .
The railroad branch of the Young Men's
Christian association in 'Now . York cit.\ ,
in us statistiis for I'-'J' . ' . shows a total mem-
bet ship of 2-lii,1. Oi these IM'J are brakomcn ,
lli'i engineers. 17 ! firemen , KH conductors ,
an I iiit : clerlis. { 'ho total attendance on all
mei'tings at th-ullTeronl places was J'js.sc.i ' ,
thoaviti'auo T.S.S , and Sunday average -Kill.
This sh. vs ngr.ttiftiin. ' Increase on the
lirecodinguar. . An Interesting item is llio
statement of the lihrari in that , out of Ki.-ni ;
books circulato.l among them , only 7.101. or
S'J per cent , were works of llctfun ; works
of literature , biography , travel , history and
railroads follow in order of popularity. It is
said that the average circulation of city
libraries Is above UJ per cent fiction ,
OF FOREIGN FISHER FOLKS
Peculiar Habits and Oustoms of British
Toilers of the Dcop ,
ENGLISH COASTWISE SIGHTS AND SCENES
( implilo Prn I'lcturr * of Ihr XX'iiy n Unique
IVopIo Live liidr'crllmldo Suclnc"
llrooiU ( HIT All Who IHtrll
! > } tlui Sen.
LOXIHIX , March 'JO. [ Correspondence of
Tin ; BKI : . ] Pllgrlmlng in many lands , I have
been much among their waterside folk with
the fishermen of Algiers , who are n conglom
erate race of Greeks , Italians , Spaniards and
Arabs ; with the fishermen of Sicily , gloomy
and voiceless as Gypsy dogs ; with Chl'igglati
and Apuliaa fishermen , those most majestic
sluggards of all Italy ; with those of Bar
celona , the giants of the south of Spain ;
with Biscaynn , Breton and Cornish fisher
men , superstitious nnd sodden above all
others ; with the brave , kind men of Clad-
dagh , at Galwav , and those along the won
drous Kerry coast ; witli the stern yet tender
fisher folk of Manxland ; with the lazy fisher
men of the dreamy A/ores , who , transferred
to American coasts , prove the most valuable
recruits to our east shore fishing fleets ; with
the cap-and-tassclcd Pescadores of Cuba ,
brigands all in looks midways ; witli the
squatty Eskimos of the Labrador coast , sat
isfied \ \ ith any fruitage of the deep which will
barely sustain life : \\ith the crofter Usher of
the north Scottish and Shetland coasts ; and
with ouroxxn brave Gloucester men xho risk
their lives upon the ( Iran.1 Banks , and the
'Quoddy fishermen whoso chief quarry Is the
herring , all along the grand Maine coast to
the mist-wreathed crags of wild Mnnan.
In many years of intercourse witli these
lowly folk 1 have been continually Impressed
with the almost indefinable and wholy inde
scribable sadness that seems to brood over
and among all this class of people. It is in
their cabins and homely social life. It is in
their voices and looks , in repose , it sits on
their faces pitifully. Housed into some great
activity , in storm , in taking fish , or in sav
ing lives , they have grand , earnest faces ,
these fishermen. But 'In the quiet hours ,
there Is something hunted , hauntedwearied ,
worried , dreading and dreadful , to bo read
in the lines of their faces , in the tremulousness -
ness ot their voices , and in the light which
shines from their eyes , that all their bravo
and hearty ways cannot hide or disguise.
They Are n Sad I'eoplu.
It is as if the sea , from which they
live , had whispered in secret to
each consciousness some savage threat
of reprisal ; as if over every little
comfort , homo joy , or well-earned content ,
hung the specter hand of fate coming closer
to the inner vision every time the fisherman's
heart grew glad. In whatever degree this
is universal , it seems to mo to bo more
marked among the fishermen of England ,
Ireland and Scotland than I have over found
it elscwhero rcxealed. I believe Dickens
saw and felt this at the old fishing port of
Great Yarmouth when lie created out of ills
great and tender heart the pathetic char
acters of the Peggottys simple , tender ,
true , scorning baseness , resolute in alt
manly attributes , majestic in suffering and
forgiveness , and through and over all the
pathetic thread of sadness , quivering like an
endless plaint in a melodious , though mourn
ful , song.
In this experience strange and tender ,
weird and sad , pictures of fishing towns and
villages , sea reaches and coasts innumerable ,
each one u study for a master's brush , are
stored within the memory. Hero are a few
of their outlines :
( .rand I'lrrcH of Niiturc'8 Work.
The mighty southwest of Ireland Kerry
coast , with weird Bray Head , and majestic
St. Michael's mount upon Great Skellig
rock , darkening along the eastward land
ward horizon ; and at sea , justto the north
of the great liners way. the spring mackerel
licet from Kerry hamlets , from Manxland
and from France , altogether from ! i,000 to
1.000 craft frequently so densely massed
that water cannot bo seen from a fishing
smack's deck ; thousands of seagulls whist
ling and flapping their white wings nbox'c :
and to the west , a sea horizon of rose and
orarigo where the setting sun still shows a
llaming edge ; while more than 10,000 lusty
nin , under a third as many flashing crutcn-
lights set amidships of the smacks , are
silently "shooting" the great brown seines
for the night.
Matchless is that picture , over tinted by
the near pre'sc'ncc of fisher folk and thuir
storm-whipped homes , you may see from
Shetland's most somber sea wall height ,
mighty , mournful Fitful head. It Is the
White mountain of the Norsemen , on ac
count of the luster ol its slate formation , j
Its highest crag rises fully 1.000 feet above
the sea , but the legendary habitation of
Norna , a bold , almost detached , cliff lifting
its sea front into a point as sharp as a church
spire , is not moro than three-fourths that
elevation. It is quito accessible after a
rough scramble , nnd Its sides are the haunts
of myriads of sea fowl. Horrible indeed
must bo the place in time of storm. But
away down there below tl'c sea Is often as
calm as a Highland loch. From the higher
headland the whole of Shetland can bo seen
waste , moor , hillock , valley , glen ;
a land without forests , split and serrated
by the ceaseless gnawings of the
sea. Tremendous precipices rise everywhere.
IjOchs and tarns show without copse or ver
dure. Shadowy "hollyers'1 cut the sea walls
where the tide is ox'er at ebb or How. Hero
a fishing station ; there a dreary hamlet.
Yonder a gravelly beach , with lish-curcrs
at their sodden toll ; beyond , a weird gio
with a herd of seals turning their shining
sides to the low , red sun. Over all , a filmy ,
dreamy , tender presence ; for in the brief
days before thodark , long winter sets in , it
is the fisherman's "pecrio summer" in the
Shetland Isles.
I'lslicriilcn of I hi' Sol way Shore * .
Strange , quiet , Godfearing souls are the
fishermen of the Sohvay shores , whether
they live on the Scottish side , where every
stream and brae and vale has a reminder of
the immortal pool of the lowly who rests
within the sound of Solway's tidc-thumlor-
ings , or on the English side , in rock-grit
Cumberland , in the brave old houses built
from Roman walls. Giant frames have these
folk , and wondrous height , wide fair brows ,
great blue or ha/.el eyes and leonine heads of
llaxen hair. I always remember them with
their apparent alertness of attention ,
an unconscious habit and nttitudo of
listening. For it is said these folks can hear
the oncoming sweeps of the great tide-boro
from the Irish sea which brings the harvest
of fish and often terror nnd death for
twenty miles away !
Long before this , if you are standing on
the cilffodgo above ancient Bowness , you
will see the fishers , waist deep in water ,
hnro ing on the tightening of their upright
nets , which for ten miles below scum like
tiny fences of rush ; and away seaward witn
your glass you can see them scurrying up
from the ebb-slime and sands toward safety
and the shore. Then to your unpractical
ears come the faint reverberations of a
hoarse roar : and s'Kin , like a pillar of llanio
in the play of the sunlight , the great mist-
banner of the advancing waters is Hung from
Scotland to England , almost from CntTcl to
Slllotli , and moves toward you llxu a lurid
cloud above a running battle. In a few mo-
mc.uts moro the brilliancy of the phenomenon
is greatest.
Preceding the advancing cloud along the
seething front of a wall of water five miles
wide , glitters , foams ami hisses a bank of
fpinne ami spray , xoned , rimmed ami inter
laced with tiny rainbows. The roaring of
the bellowing water hosts becomes deafen
ing.
Sn'iii'H nl Awlul iir.imlmir.
That passed , whllo you thrill with the
mystery and awful grandourof the spectacle ,
the great tide head is abreast of you , a true
tide-bore , such as breaks majestically into
Minas and other estuaries uf the Bay of
Fundy , cylindrical an I straight as an arrow
across the lirth , and Irom site el-'ht foot
in height , which sweeps past witli a bellow
and shriek like that of 11X1,000 coast fog
horns howling in mils m ; while elo.so in its
wake is a hillocky , tempestuous mass of
waves brilliantly gorgeous in fltfulh-swopt
prismatic colors --and the Sol wav lido is in.
'I'hls is the plcturo that comes to mo from
Irel.in.l's craggy north : The eastern shore
of wild Ijough Swillv is a succession of ruins ,
dainty villages , Hue Huncrana and Kalian ,
and of pilgrim-haunted shrines. Over to the
west are wilder shores , huts , round towers ,
Usher cabins j aud hero and there the
patched sails of the hcrring-lUhorn smartts
Ilo xyhlte against the backunmiid of the
headlands and hills. Here the sweetest
herring known to man are cal"ii. The
braxMiy herring fishers of the north are hero
In greatest nuinbcM. Tiny are sodden ,
hopeless , hard. Hut they are biave and as
strong as Iron. Tlie.t have tremendous
frames ; nro brown ax hnm/.e , and form
groupings of startling ImpriMsivciicss. They
are simple and peaceable. 1 am told. But
were pirates wanted , were Meets to bo fitted
out with men for work giving one a Miuddor
to contemplate , these sea giants would fur
nish incomparable liunrtn , Heartless Illut.
IIut If they aiv flint , their wives arc steel.
IllilMliy Ittici. ( if IVodr. |
Above six feet In height , broad and strong
ns their burlv males , with legs corded like a
man's , and bare lo the knees : with arms
long , crooked and lleshless as wood ; with
Hat. hairy breasts often bared from neck to
the waist , and tanned by salt , sun and xvln.l
to the color of the mottled alder b.irk ; with
wide jaws , half-toothless mouths , .sunken
cheeks , eyes blue-black and Mashing from
deep , yellow sockets , and brows bushy and
ragged witli bristling hairs ; with narrow ,
creased foreheads , and great , wide , saffron-
colored oars sot straight out from behind like
dirty "wing-nnd-wlng" sails ; and their
square heads crowned by once black half ,
faded Into snult'-bivwn like
an ill-kept ani
mal's , which is matted and knotted IIMII | the
shoulders , and frequently to the waist -and
. \ou have but the faintest picture of this
balf-anllnal who subsists upon kelp , dulse ,
blade oatcake and half-raw fish that
the buyers , who come to the benches
in their carts from London'terry , refuse as
even unworthy of s.ilo to mendicant and
crouching man-beast of the town.
And the children of these f
They drag out the same horrible lives ;
help make the British navv ; or turn traitor
to the brood of half pirates behind , becom
ing the most remorseless of coastguard , or
mountain poteen hunting , officers. And yet
how the old blond occasionally blossoms
through this limitless degradation. A
daughter of just such a one as 1 have
pictured was the most perfect typo of wild
and simple human beauty I over behold.
Bare legged and bare breasted as her
mother ; brown as a hazel nut ; Ignorantly
innocent of fear ; for four copper coins she
rowed mo across Lough Swillv to where her
father's work lay , mending seines , like nn
Anm/onlan man-of-war's man ; while I sat
speechless , contemplating her marvelous
beauty and majestic proportions ; hating
mvself because 1 was not altogether an
artist , and wondering in all revrrcnco why
God , or God's nineteenth century civiliza
tion , could not wait upon the African mis
sions for a little , and reach to and succor
such as these.
Iti'iiuly ol tin ) Orraii.
Standing upon the huge headland above
ancient St. lyes another remarkable picture
is yours. H is of ono of the most interesting
fishing ports in Europe. The bay itself face's
the north. At your feet are purple heather
and waving ferns parted from the cr.vtallno
water by glistening sands. To the right and
cast the green hillocks of the eastern shore.
Then the broad , yellow bench of Portheock-
ing , or the forcs.ind. Dominating this is the
great headland of Pednolva. Beyond , gleam
ing like a field of gold , are the magnificent
sands of.Porthminsler ; and , farther still , the
headland and rocky islet of dodrevy , with
the latter's white lighthouse set eanieo-
like between this purple of the sea walls and
the tremulous blue of the ocean.
Before you , the .silent , shimmering bay ,
with a few whilc-xvlngcd fishing craft
scarcely moving , it seems , the distance is so
great from tlie height where you stand ; the
ocean beynnd. shining and blue and still ;
rythinic reaches of incoming lldewaves ,
miles in length , advancing and retreating
and breaking softly upon the shelving sands
in tiny ridges of sparkling spume ; and here ,
to tins west , a great jumbled mass of gray-
old St. Ivcs crouching in a little pocuot of
the rocks , like a mass of mossy stone in some
shadowy glen , sleeping away the centuries ,
unconscious of the thunderous sea.
ln/7llng Array of'ondi > i > .
Aside from these , and half a hundred more
picturesque spots that cannot oven bo named ,
there are the sleepy hamlets and sand shores
of orange from Blackpool to Whileliaven ,
along the Irish sea ; the mites of villages
specking the sides of the winsome sea-combes
of Somerset and Devon ; the quaint scenes
among the fleets and homes of the fishermen
of Ponzaiiee , Falmouth , Plymouth and Tor
quay ; the countless fisher haunts In the
seething chines of the winsome Isle of
Wight ; the drearier reaches of the English
east shore where the battles with the storms
and tides are over fierce and strong : the
wild , wailing , wo.oful coast from Yarmouth
to Whithy. which has seemed fated to ho thu
scone of the ocean's saddest tragedies ; the
red roofs , llio breezy shores , the gleaming
sands and the tossing spray of Coldingham
and north Berwick , around to the south of
the mouth of the Forth ; the snug town and
harbor , llio quaint old streets , the luscious
fish-dinners and the screaming fishwives of
JN'ewhaven ; the almost somber silence ever
broodir.g above the piers of Buckhaven ; the
rocky walls , the steely blue of the German
ocean , the awful storms anil the great dingy ,
cheerless fishing towns of the east coast ,
from Aberdeen to Tiiurso ; the brown
crags , the emerald slopings and the
shadowy , moanftil fissures of the
Shetland and Orkney shores , with their
Dutch and Norse color in faces and ways ;
and the drear , gray rocks and puflln-haimted
crags of the misty Hebrides , where the
bravo , half-starved crofter Usher battles all
ills life for mere existence.
Superstition * of thfi l'coili ] ) .
The customs , folk lore and superstitions
which have been the natural outgrowth of
their vocation have been practically change
less for half a thousand years , and their
portents and omens are countless.
In Skyo if a woman crosses the water
where fishing is in progress , and among the
Newhaven men if the name of "Brounger"
that of an old Newhaven reprobate who was
the Impersonation of bail luck and once lived
among them bn mentioned , fishing will bo
at once discontinued. Skyo and Harris
fishermen have been known to beat their
wives dreadfully , not Irom any ill-feeling , butte
to propitiate and attract the fish.
All British fishermen note carefully the
first person upon whom their eyes alight in
the morning. Their luck tor the day will
depend on whether the person is well or ill
favored. A clergyuian , a pig or a c-it are
the most dreaded of all objects as fleets are
sailing out of the harbor. The sight of
either , or the discovery of the footprint of a
Mat-footed person In the sand bodes , all
manner of ill luck ; and to utter the name of
a clergyman or any foiir-footen beast on
board a fishing boat would render the
offender subject to bo.llly peril and at least
destroy all hopes of sin-cess on that day.
All along the west coasts of Cornwall ,
Scotland and hvland they make butler nso
of the dreaded cat. Tnuy se.'iir. ! favoring
winds by burying it alive in the sinds of the
seashore , with its head opposite llio desired
course of the wind. Up in the Shetlands
and Orkneys fishermen wear a lucky bolt
containing dried olTal of three diiforont liur-
rlngs ; and a perfect child' : ) caul , which
wards olT evil infiucnccs and brings good
fortune , hanging in the cabin of a fishing
boat , is worth fiom 3 to U guineas in any
prosperous fishing village.
l.'iirlniis WfiitliiT < ) mi-ii .
Am eng many fanciful superstitions and
curious weather omens which 1 havn found
to bu universal with British fishermen are
the following : They nuvur point with the
linger to another surick. If the mistake oc
curs , Inth hands are Instantly upraised and
spread in the attitude of blossm , ' . Three
idle strokes of a stick in the sand , m iking a
figure rcsoml'lin' , ' a coffin , portend death. If
porpoises lumulo about in imus.ial numbers ,
or if sea-gulls leave the open se.i and gather
noisily along shore , storms will suivl.v eoino.
Whistling at sea is the worst of all ill portents
tents : and nothing is so miuh divided as a
wlii-itling woman ashore. If a mop or
watcr-buekot is lost overbmrd from a smack ,
the unfortunate craft Instantly sets n ill for
port. Dreaming of anchors Is a go.id onion.
A broken looking-glass on toaiil will create
a veritable panic. To count fishermen as
tlunr m uvh t-i an 1 fi'i n t'i i n ) it jt.i ; ilium
In deadly peril. If blood be drawn during a
quarrel on thu beach , all fish will leave the
locality. Nothing is more unpropltioiis than
the presence of wo.nen xvlieruver fishing is
in progress ; ami no fisherman will go to sea
when the ile.ul body of ono of their number ,
or family , lies unburicd.
Enuot \V.\iU'.M\N. .
Busy people h ivo no limn , mm sensible people
plo ha vi ) no inclination to use pills that nriki )
ilium nick a day for every dm' ' ) tiny talco.
Theylwvo luanu' . ! that thu usj uf DJ Witt's
Litllo Early Misers does not Int'irfero xvilli
Ihoirliealth nyciusin naui-a. piin or grip
ing. These little pllis are p.'rfect in action
ami results , regulating the stomach and
bowels so that headaches , diizinuss and
lassitude are prevented. They cleanse the
blood , clear the complexion aim tone up the
svHtom. Lots of health in llicsa little fel
lows.
EVOLUTION OF ARMY ORDERS
Some Queer RoRulatlotis that Governed Early
Military Officers aud Men.
PUNISHED BLASPHEMY BY DECAPITATION ,
MliiUlrrs UVru Not .Xlloui'd In Drink Trlt
r.vpliuiiUlon of Uhy Court MitrtluU
Atljiiurii llurly In llto Afternoon <
Sonir Aniiulng Itoli'i ,
Like nil other human Inventions , the law. *
that regulate military organUutlons are sub *
Joel to changes from age to age. A few of
the fundamental prlnelp'e.s ' of military law
remain unchanged , such as absolute obedi
ence to orders front superiors , unflinching ;
bravery and the like , tint the minor regula
tions that govern military bodies have un
dergone many Iransformallon * since the
days when King Pharaoh started out to cap
ture the Israelites before they got across the
Hed sea.
Coming down as far as the time of HIehard
II. of England , the old , musty , military rec
ords reveal some very curious things in
army regulations. The following items ,
taken from the appendix of "Winttirop's
Military Law , " will doubtless bo read witli
considerable Interest and amusement by
army men. The preface reads as follows'
"Theso are llio statutes , ordonnances aud
customs to bo observed In the arm.x , or
dained and made by good consultation and
deliberation of our most excel cut lord , thu
King IMchard , John , duke of Lan
caster , Seneschall of England , Thomas ,
earl of Essex and Buckingham ,
constiblu of Enj'hml , and Thorn is Da
.Vowbray , earl of Nottingham , Mareseliall
of England ami other lords , earls , hamms ,
barronetts and oxpori.'iieed knights whom
they have thought proper to call unto them ,
then being at Durham , the 17th day of the
month of July in the ninth > ear of the reign
of our lord the king , Kichard 11
"I'lrslly. That all inaiineriif persons , of what
nation , stale , or condition they may be. shall
he obedli'Mt loonr Ion ) HID Uing , to his rim-
stable and niaic-i'hali under ponully of every
thing they can foi Ml In body and xooils. "
After thus announcing the abso'ute sov
ereignty and power of the king the following
items with many others of like character are
appended :
IX. Item That no nne be so hardy as ID
make u contention or di'lntc In the army on
iiccoiint of any ermine n spi'ctlng I line past or
for anything to come : If In such contest urdi'-
liale any shall be shiln th st < Win ! wuro the
occasion shall be handed ; and If any ono
shall proclaim Ids own iianiu. or that of his
lord or master , so as to cau-i-a rising of llio
people u In-ruby an affray might ImppiMi In the
army , he who mad. * th" prorhumttlon shall bo
drawn and banned.
X. If em-That no one In1 MI hardy us to cry
"ImvoU" miller p.iln uf losing Ills liund , and
that lie or thev lhal shall bi > llio beginners nf
tin1 said cry shall lll.rulsi' bn belioaded and
their bodies afterwards be hanged up by the
aims.
In a foot note it n explained that the word
"havok" was the sijnal for the troops to
disperse and pillage.
There wcro grav dangers of mutiny in the
ranks in those dajs and to suppress sucli
outbreaks the following rather rigid regula
tions prevailed :
That no on" IK' , i hardy as to raise a banner
or pennon of St. IJenrge. or any other to draw
logelber the pi'i'ld" ' mil of ( he army to go Id
any plarc whalsnover. under pain that HIOMI
who thus inaKc them-chcs captains shall bn
drawn nnd hanvd. and all tnelr ioods and
heritage be forfeited to the lilns-
When men were placed on the watch thosn
days they were expected to attend strictly t
business. 'I ho follow iiu cheerful regulation
with regard to derelict picket guards wilt
Illustrate the spirit of the discipline that
prevailed :
That every ono shall wull and duly perform
Ids watch In the army uud with lliu number
of men at arms and niches as Is isslirlied bin : ,
and that ho shall imnaln the full limited
term , unless by Hie older or permission of
film before whom the niiteh Is inudo on palu
of having his head cut oil' .
Ono of the mast , tinlquo and exacting
codes of military rules ever constructed was
that prescribed by Kill' ' . ' Gustavus Adolphus
of Sweden. The main object disclosed in
the opening chapter of these articles , as
they are called , w.ia In provide a sot of rules
that should prevent the soldiers and ofilccrs
from being sacrilegious and profane. The
introduction reads as folloxys : No com
mander nor private souldicr , whatsoever ,
shall use any kind of idolatry , witchcraft , or
inehanting of armes whereby God is dis
honored , upon pain of death.
If any shall blaspheme the * name of ( > od
whether diunk or Milirr , thu tlilnu belli ; ;
proved by two or iliri'o witnesses , he shall suf
fer death without mercy.
If any shall sL'oin lo uerldu or shorn God'.s
word or saiTanionts and betaken In the face
hue shall forthwith Dei ; convented before Dm
c.imniNslinior eci'h'sla-dfrall to bo examined
and being found nllly hi" ' shall bco con
demned by i he courle'of warm to lose his
head ; bill If they were spoUon through liastn
or unadvisedly , for the llrst olleueti lieu shall
be I'lajit In Vrons fur fourteen dnys , und for
the second offense bee sliol to death.
The SxvcdUh kin. ; and statesman was
much opposed to s.-eiu ills chaplains drunic
during time of prayer and he promulgated
the following regulation covering that im
portant detail :
If any minister be found drunk or drlnlili ! ' {
at Mich time as Imshoiild pivach or bu readIng -
Ing prayer , fur tin ; III si oll'cnco hi ) olmll bii
gi.'tvely adiiinnlslio I by llio commissioner
ecclesiastic-all , and for thu second fault bo
banished tliu IcagiK'r.
Adolplius thought that it xx-as not wise to
allow even the common soldiers to drink ana
carouse during time of prayer and entered
his solemn protest in the following language :
"AH drinklng.s and fcastlngs shall In thn
time of prayer bo given over upon pain of
punishment. "
Speaking of thes" peculiar old regulations
an army officer said the other day that xvhilu
some of them seemed rather ridiculous. Ihoy
would not bu inappropriate for llio present
any. "And that reminds mo of
a rather queer thing with regard
to the duties of a court martial.
You know it is the rule that no court nrir-
tlalcan hold court later in the day than : i
o'clock. Now one naturally feels like inquir
ing why Ilia' ' , is tiniise. . I suppose the real
reason is Dial lliu evidence in u court
martial casn is ahva\ read over in the
presence of the witm sses who gave it the
next day , so as to hax'o it corrected , If there
are any errors , and to make sure that the
witnesses have not stated that xvhlch they
did not moan to suite. For this reason it it
not practicable Tor the court to continue the
taking of evidence all day , for it
would require all of the succeeding
day to road it over. Bull hoard not long
ago a dluVrcnt reason for pulling an end to
the proceedings at H in thn afternoon It
was given by a gentleman who had evidently
road up on thu s'ibject ' and as xvcll
posted Ho said ho had followed the
question clear back into llio earliest
English military records and had found
it then ! slated tiuil the prumio reason for
suspending court martial piocccdliif.rs at il
o'clock In the afternoon was that no man In
tint army was suppos"d to be sober after that
hour in llio day. All gentlemen of llio olden
time were not supposed to bo fit for
duty , except under great pnissuro
sucli as an i'lipcn ling bittlo or something
of thai kind , after it p m It was therefore
deemed Inexpedient to attempt to hold court
marital proceedings after thai hour , and the
rule still holds good , although 1 verll.v bo-
llevo thai there are a great many courtH
martial of the pri-scn' , day that are capable
of transacting business as late as1 or 5
o'clock In the afternoon. "
A lively interest In Michigan university Is
being taken Just now all ox-er the state on
account of the crisis in its financial affairs.
The friends of the university have been ,
fighting for recognition , and public senti
ment has at last houn aroused to the nocos-
silv for immediate legislative relief Tim
resignation of Dr. J. J. Abel of the inudical
department to accept a ctriir at Johns Hop
kins university at a inin-h larger salary , fol
lowing close upon ihe ri'sUn.itiun of Prof.
Bnlsur , who was altraetod to the L'lilxTrmty
of Colorado by the samti kind of an induce
ment has alarmed the legislaluro. 11 Is seen
now Dial the contingent fund of the univer
sity must bo lucre ise 1 if lliu university Is la
retain any oul itiu youngest Instructors and
tulors.
Oakland , Cal , high school girls havn
slriick. They have refused lo read In mixed
class an unoxpurgatcd edition of "Hamlet , "
which Prof. Burrlll had ordered. <