Nebraska Newspapers

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Peculiar Customs in the Now Mexico of Two
Ocntnrics Ago.
QUAINT LORE IN OLD SPANISH DOCUMENTS
brainier ofUnuitlns mill Cmiroj-liiK Limit
Curium .Study In Ilulirlnn tn Delight
mi Antliunrlan An Aticlont
l.cttur
Snnta Fe , City of. the Holy Faith , with n
history scarcely equaled Inroratmtlo interest
by that of any other city In the union , is n
vorltabln t'lti-loslty oox on n grauil scale , and
nny ono with n taato for the unique can it ml
roynl rivompenso In rumnwgliii ? itinong Its
iititiqultlra for n week or two , About the
Btnmgcst and yet least known amonff Its
possessions arc tlto old Stmnlsh documents
which Imvo coino down throiiRli the afces ,
and around them hovers an atmosphere of
romance and history , of conquest ami nd-
vrnturo , that will whet the most Jaded of
mental appetites.
Within llfty years of the landing of Colum
bus nt San Salvador , or Just three centuries
and a half" ago , Spanish conquistadores
had wandered north as fur as Nebraska in
search of the fabled seven cities of Cilxla ,
whoso inhabitants were rcjiortcd to cat out
of vessels of gold ; and in 1C05 , two years
before the first English settlement on the
Atlantic coast , these adventurous explorers
and couriers of the holy faith permanently
planted their standard at Suntn Fa nnd
declared that place , then an Indian village ,
the capital of tnc province of Nuovo Mexico.
Thenceforward began the accumulation of
documents of rarest form and quaintest In
terest. The journals of Invading conquer
ors , the pronuncinmcntos of Spanlsli dons
who lorded it In the desert with princely
power , the grants of sections of land as big
as eastern states , deeds , letters and the
thousand and one papers incidental to a
civilized government , all with a pious strain
of religion running through them , were
gathered there in a great mass and gave a
remarkably complete and fascinating pic
ture of the life in that strange and faraway
tlmo.
To the sliamo of American intelligence bo
It said that a governor apjMiinted by the
president of the United States destroyed
many of these valuable records in 1STO. No
provision had over been made for their
proper care , and he , considering them a
nuisance , decided to make a bonfire of them.
Fortunately ho had a thrifty secretary , who
nuggested that they might bo sold to the
local merchants for use as wrapping paper.
"J'o tills happy ctrcurnstilnco is duo the pres
ervation of many documents , which wern
afterwards recovered ,
These records seem to have been written
on a linen paper. Though some of them are
nearly 800 years old they are remarkably
legible and well preserved. Ten years ago ,
when the writer llrst saw them , they were
sea lured about a big room In the govern
mental building known us the 1'alace , thrown
Into piles as ruthlessly as so much corn.
The quaint old custodian , who had come to
Bantu Fo with the American army of occu
pation , had evidently studied tlicso records
carefully sirul was full of fascinating lore.
They had become his hobby , and he ex
pounded it with the earnestness of
the enthusiast on the slightest show
of interest. Kvcrythlng was covered deep
with dust , and the feet left marks
rather moro legible than the poet's foot
prints in the sands of tlmo , but thl.s old anti
quarian exhumed a pipcr : > here and there ,
blew off the sediment of years in a gray
cloud and told his story. One of the most
curious of these was ills explanation of
etraiige , puzzling , Intricate nourishes with
which every signature was embellished ,
These are called , rubricas , und in the old
* * , njLuysit was the custom for everybody to have
ouo. In ofllclal documents n signature with
out Us proper rubrlca was not considered as
authoritative. On the other hand a public
paper adorilcxl with only the rnbrica of an
ofllclal was accepted1 as of as much force as
though signed with his name also. Some of
these ruin-leas arq the simplest of scrolls ,
wllllo others nit ! labyrlnthian affairs which
could IMVO been acquired only -with much
Ingenuity and practice. The pray haired
custodian of El 1'alacio compared a number
, .of documents to show how nearly .these sign
jnanuals"wero duplicated.
During tho'Moxiean rule It was customary
for the members of the legislature to sign
the Journals , but In many cis"s they used
only their rubricas , and the records still
existing show this , peculiar custom. An
American recently had occasion to cash n
check at a bank ! u an interior town in old
Mexico , tiiiil the cashier insisted on his put
ting 11 rubrlca to his endorsement. The
Btrangor said ho had none , but the banker
compelled him to make a scrawl on the back
of the check before It was cashed.
It has IKJCII thought by sonio that rubricas
were adopted in thaold times because many
peonlo were .ignorant and unable to write
their names. This theory Is exploded by the
fact that under the old Spanish law a per
son could have another sign for him , as will
bo illustrated further on. It seems most
likely that Iho rubrica answered the pur
pose of the modern seal in authenticating
signatures. At any rate they arc a curious
study. '
Some of these old documents are stored In . .
the territorial library at Santa Fo , and I
others nro n part of the archlvpt , of the
United States land court established about
two veal's ago. Among the pieces recovered
from scattered places was u book containing
n record of all the land grants In Now Mex
ice , which luis boon of great sci.icu to the
new court in Us mission of settling the in
numerable land disputes in the territory.
The writer recently had occasion to browse
among thcsa relics of a romantic past , and
again among them ho found folded together
several documents that have much of historic ,
associations and of fasclnting qimintncss.
Ono of them contains the signature and
rubrlca of Don Diego do Vargas ( the rest of
his name-ivlll ' follow later ) , the redoubtable
Bpanish con'quistadoro who recovered the
proUncu of Nuovo Mexico ( -'at his own
cost , " as ho Is always curoful to declare in
his public documents ) after the 1'uoblos had
expelled tholr cruel oppressors nnd kept
' them out for twelve years , That was Just
! i < K ) years ago. This bunch of papers also
illustrates the easy manner of making land
grants in those ancient times , indicates the
indcflnltoness of such grants , shows some of
the odd customs in connection with the sale
of real estate , and contains a line assortment
of rubricas.
<
ANCIE.S'T NBW MCJUCUX 11U1IIIICA9.
1. Ana do ArcUulctn.
y. ( Jeiieral Don do Vargas.
a. Secretary BurradA.
4. Captain Hivas.
5. Francis Joseph do Cnsado.
0 , Governor Mojollen.
The llrst paper U doted 1690 , four years
f tor Do Vargros had recaptured Santa Fa i
ft Is a Petition for a bit of ground posslbjy ft
ploco that the former owner Imd deserted nt
the tlinpof the rebellion , sixteen years bo-
foro. Translated Into RniHsh , it reads :
I , Ana do Atvhulrtn , widow nnd resident
of the town of S. Fe , do apwar | before
your excellency | Do Vargas ) In duo legal
form ami under in.v privilege In the premises
and state that. God havln'bccn pleased to
have thU provlncot-onqucrod through you
for the divine and humane sovereignty , I pe
tition your excellency as the legislator
thereof In the name of the king , our sovereign
eign , whom may God preserve , and his royal
name , for a tract of land that belonged to my
aunt , Oregorla do Archulctn , as thcro Is no
j > crson possessed of a bettor right to ask It
than I , which tract lies on the hither
bank of the river at this town ,
between seam plum trees , nnd is
bounded by the road and is other
wise bounded by the lands of the chaplain ,
Ix > renzo Madrid , and 1 trust from your high
ness that you will make mo the grant to en-
nblo mo this summer to build a house and
plant an aero of corn , for the said tract Is no
larger than that. I ask and supplicate your
excellency with duo submission , to bo jilpascd
to direct whatever bo proper , and I swear
before God and before the sign of the cross
that this , my petition , is not made in dis
simulation , "
The lighting don- granted the widow's
prayer In a gracious document which begins
in this manner :
"At the town of S. Fe on the llrst of Feb. ,
in the year 1G'.H > , before mo , Diego de Vargas
/tapata I.ujnn Pence do Leon , Gov. and C. O.
[ captain general ] of the kingdom and prov
ince of Nuevo Mexico , restorer , conqueror
at Ills own cost , recoiiqueror und founder
thereof , " etc.
This document wns signed by Do Vargas
With his full name and rubrlca "Before me.
Domingo do la Uarrada , Secy. Gov. and
War , " whoso elaborate rubrica quite over
shadows his superior's simple flourish.
Seventeen years later Luis Duran , n son of
Ana do Archuleta , bargained to sell this
property ( probably inherited from his
mother ) to Ensign Anton Alvarez do Castrll-
Ion for a sum equal to $150 , On August lit. I'll ) ,
ha wen tboforo Captain Juan Gi rcioilo In HI va ,
"high constable of the Inquisition and ordi
nary alcaldo of Santa Fo , " and mudo n
written transfer in which ho covenants that
"should suit or claim [ agalns. , Alvare/.l in
nny event occur let the petition not bo heard
either In or out of court. " Duran could not
write , and luplaco of his signature is this
indorsement by a friend : "At the request
of the vendor Francis Joseph de Casudo. "
Alvarez then presented n memorial to Juan
Ignacio Flores Mojollen , then governor and
captain general of New Mexico , who , on
August 10. issued this order :
"Captain Juan Gnrcio do la Hlva , ordinary
alcalde of this town , will place this party la
possession of the house and lands he refers
to , and I signed the decree with my rub-
rique. "
The ensign took royal possession of the
property the same day , and a document left
by Kivu details the manner of that pecu
liar ceremony. It says , among other tilings :
" 1 proceeded at once to the aaid spot , ac
companied by the said ensign , and being at
the place and In the presence of a concourse
of people , I , said ordinary alcaldo , took the
said ensign by the hand and passed through
the hall and over the land belonging to the
said house , and ho opened and closed the
door and window and shouted aloud , went
outside , cast stones and plucked up weeds in
sign of the ] x > sscssion that in the name of
the king I gave to him , and he took posses
sion in the sign of his ownership. "
In some of these | .TS the olllcials apolo
gize for writing "on this common paper ,
thcro being no stamped paper in the prov
ince. "
Many years ago , while General Low Wal
lace , the author of "Hen IIwr1 was governor
of > , ow Mexico , .Mrs. Wallace discovered on
a fragile sheet the remnants of a love letter
dated "Seville , November , 169J , " and ad
dressed to Antonio Eusoblo do Cubero , sec
retary of General Don Diego do Vargas. Its
opening mark of affection read :
"To my own true lOve and faithful knight ,
from his llosita de Castilo. "
In tender language thp little Hose of Cas
tile wrote of her father and brother , away
in the wars of Algeria , and she sent a sweet
song which she had Just learned to sing and
to play on her mandolin. She related in
quaint terms how.shc eluded her duenna to
steal out into the moonlit night nnd jdown
near the river , "there by the bed of "sweet
basil , dost remember , Kuseblo earo ? " And
thus it ran on in the sweetest of love's en
dearments , n romance brought to light after
two centuries h : the tomb of oblivion , only
to leave the interested sympathizer in doubt
as to its termination. .
These ancient manuscripts have never
been thoroughly examined , and many a
strange story may bo hidden among them.
In most countries they would bo considered
precious relics of a uuaint but stirring an
tiquity , but New Mexico bos sadly neglected
them. The wonder is that so many have
survived tills lamentable neglect. Some
time ago Prof. Bandolier , an archaeologist
and linguist of repute , was commissioned to
bring order out of the clines into which
these ancient papers had fallen , but ho was
unable to secure pay for his labor , and
after several months spent in the un
grateful task he abandoned it. Three-
fpurths of the people of New Mexico
are of Spanish descent , and the majority of
these lead n simple , patient , struggling life
that would bo regarded as abject poverty
among the Saxon races. Living in isolated
groups , often miles from n rallroal , generally
speaking and understanding only Spanish ,
thcso people have ignorance as well as In
digence for a heritage , and in the light of
these facts their Indifference to the value of
their precious antiquities is understandable. |
But it is a pity , Just the same.
Fniiu BENZINQEH.
onus AXI > JKXOS ,
The United States chewed eighty-Jive tons
of tobacco last year and begged nbont half
of It.
The real estate brokers In New York City
sold property worth in aggregate $45,000,000 ,
last year.
Only eight of the f > ! ) ,000 Frenchmen who
fought under Napoleon at Waterloo are now
nlivo and in Franco.
Klection bets in California have been do-
olared off on the ground that neither Harri
son nor Cleveland carried the stato. Harri
son getting ono and Cleveland eight elec
tors.
tors.A
A citizen of Plttsburg has had his mother-
in-law arrested because she was in the habit
of l"oqking him down , throwing paper
wolgnts at his head and Indulging in like
familiarities. Some men are very touchy.
A bright man named Whalen , who pos
sessed a whole lot of qualities but no scru
ples , went to St. Ixnils and "did up" the
elite of that village to the time of SWO.OOO
by means of nicely engraved but bogus min
ing stock.
The vice of swearing is to bo deprecated at
all times and under all circumstances , but
[ 'the recording angel might bo expected to
blot out the remarks of the Cook , county
clerk when ho.mado out the marrlago license
for Miss Maud Zlovicrzshkowltiuskis ,
At St. Albaus , Vt. , n farmer recklessly
wasted four barrels of cider lann ineffectual
ctTort to put out the tins which was burning
ui > his homo , but forgot that the last barrel ,
which was also ompUi'd , contained whisky. > I
His friends are trying to keep him out of the I
asylum.
The alcoholic old Massachusetts town of
Medford , where- the famous Medford mm Is
made went "no llccnso"nt the
, , recent muni 1-
cipal election , but the voters partially
atoned for their slap at the town's chief In
dustry by electing the leading distiller to
the mnyorullty.
A correspondent of the Now York Sun , of
late date , says , print thcso four lines with
out punctuation uiul no ono would bcllevo ,
them , vet rightly punctuated they are true :
"L'.very lady In every land
Has twenty nails on each hand
Five and twvnty on hands and
This Is true -without dewlt. "
Ono of the famous-whlto oaks of Now Jer
sey stands In the Presbyterian churchyard :
at Basking Kidgo. It measures 14 foot 4
inches in circumference at 5 feet high ,
whllo Iho branches shade n circle of 115 feet
in diameter. It has been a famous tree for
moro than a century , and it was , no doubt , Ha
noble specimen InTM \ , when a log church :
wns built on the ground where the present
ono now stands.
The most ccomonical youth in the whole
i-Milm of gilded society resides in St. Louis ,
Ho danced bj Iho raiuuutat the big ball given
by the Daughters of the Couf&lcracy and ho
bus rendered to the management a bill for $ hoW
whivh sum ho expended for the pair of pads
that tilled out the calves of his silken hose.
Ho will got his 5 , but the much-disturbed
"daughters" think the prlco was u trilla
stcop for imitation veal.
After a nlgl.t with the boys
Yours fur a clear head Crowo-Scltzer.
| MME , PATII GIVES ADVICEl
La Diva OfTors Some Excellent Hints to Am-
Jritious Singors.
SHOULD PROTECT THE VOICE WHEN YOUNG
Trnclieri Who Aro' Competent nml Thoie
Who Are Not A Prlma Ilomm's
Honor ! Are Not i : a illy Won
Ilulc * to Olnorvo.
' What must I do to bo an opera slngerl"
This ' .is the question constantly asked of
Mmo. Pattl-Nicollnl by ambitious young
women witli some voice and talent , which
they long to air in public.
"You must bo a workman at yourtrado be
fore you can bo an artist In your art , " she
answers , nnd supplements it with valuable
advice in a letter recently published.
On the operatic as on the dramallo stage
most young women expect to shoot like
rockets straight to the zenith of the sky of
success. They expect to take a few lessons
In vocalization , hurry off to the dressmaker's ,
get sonio handsome gowns , rush before the
footlights , and blossom out luxuriantly ns
Leonoras or Marguerites/ They cannot bo
made to realize the fact that a long and ar
duous course of preparation , involving years
of wearisome study and practice , during
which it is necessary to deny one's self many
of llfo's pleasures , is absolutely essential
to that really worthy and meritorious
achievement , without which they cannot win
oven an ephemeral success , nor would
they bo willing to undergo the labor und
hardship required. They are also Ignorant
of that other great fact that ilnanctal suc
cess upon the stage is by no means wholly
dependent upon merit , but is largely a mat
ter of opportunity nnd circumstances.
To attain perfection in singing- , as in ut -
most everything else ono should begin at a
very early ago , ami it is of the utmost im
portance that one's first instructors should
be the very best obtainable. Abos-o all , the
would-bo pritua donna should bo thoroughly
nnd correctly grounded in the rudiments of
her art. This can only bo done by ono who
is a complete master of vocal training. It is
a common nnd very serious error to think
that inferior teachers are good enough for a
Ueginuur.
liurly Teaching la Impiirtiuit.
First impressions are always the most last
ing and bad habits and mannerisms of vocal
ization acquired at the outset can never bo
overcome. Many a promising young singer
is completely ruined in this way , having for
her ilrst instructor n wholly incompetent per
son. Such teachers begin at the wrong end.
Their ono idea seems to bo to teach their
pupil to sing songs or operatic airs , whereas
the pupil should ilrst bo taught the rudi
ments of music. Her -voice should
then bo carefully and Judiciously do
veloped and particularly its \veak points
strengthened by suitable vocal exercises.
That done , she should render herself familiar
with the vocal works of all the great masters
of composition not by having them drummed
into her by her teacher as a parrot learns to
say "Pretty Polly , " but by Industriously
studying them for herself ; by seeking dili
gently und patiently for the composer's
moaning , staffing each doubtful passage over
and orcr again in every variety of interpre
tation nnd striving most earnestly to satisfy
herself as to which is most in harmony with
thotruo spirit of the composition and the
ti nn meaning of the composer.
When at last she Las arrived nt what
seems a satisfactory conclusion she should
listen to various renditions of the same worlc
by skilled artists , comparing their interpre
tation of it with hers , and comparing the
arguments In favor of each.
The chief aim of every vocal instructor
should bo to develop and strengthen his
pupil's voice , to impart to her a correct
technique and to enable her to sing any com
position at sight.
IJow much , or rather how littleof such
instruction do"most young women wh'd aspire
to be great singers receive ? ,
I have said that to bo a great singer ono
must begin young. I sang in public on the
stage Jrom my seventh to my eleventh year
and carried on my doll when , to a largo
audience , I made my first appearance at
the former ago , singing "Ah 1 nou giango"
the finale of .the third act of "La Somnam-
bula" in a concert at Niblo's garden , Now
York , December ! ! , 1851. AftPV 1 had passed
my eleventh or twelfth birthday I did not
again sing on the stage till after I had com
pleted my fifteenth' ' year , and all these inter
vening years I devoted most faithfully to
constant , unremitting study and practice. It
was the night of the U-lth of November , 1S59 ,
when I had passed my fifteenth birthday ,
that I made my debut in opera at the
Academy of Music in Now York , singing the
title i-olo in"Lucia di Lainmormoor. "
' Httrly Singing Not Injurious.
It is thought by some that it is injurious
to develop the voice at so early an age , but
I do not think so , provided duo euro is taken
not to strain or overtask it. To sing in the
open air , to sing too loudly , or to sing notes
that are too high for the easy range of the
voice is ruinous to it , especially if done
while it is growing nnd developing. All of
these injurious practices should bo most
carefully avoided.
How well I remember the night , when I
made my-first apdonranco an any stage ns a
child of 7 years. I can remember the dress
I wore a white silk with but little trim
ming. The ovation I received from the
audience wns one of the greatest and most
gratifying with which I have ever been
favored , though ono I shall always remem
ber ns a companion to it was tendered to mo
at Naples some years ago , the last
night of ono of my engagements in
thnt city. The warm hearted , gener
ous Neapolitans literally covered the stage
with flowers. Not only was I presented with
largo and beautiful Iloral designs , but small
bunches of llowcrs and oven singln ones were
showered upon mo. At first I tried to per
sonally receive all the elaborate designs that
wcro handed up over the footlights , but the
task soon became an impossible ono. The
leader of the orchestra was almost entombed
in llowers , and the front of the stage was a
perfect bank of them. Filially the stage
hands had to clear the loose llowers with
rakes ,
I am far from being the only instance of a
great singer who made her debut In child
hood. Albanlwasa mere child when she
sang difficult arias at concerts , and she made
her operatic debut before completing her
fifteenth year.
Havine developed a voice , the the next
thing of importance is to preserve it. There
Is nothing that will spoil it or wear it out
moro quickly than a use which by being
oxccssivo becomes abuso. Twice n week , or
three times at mostt , if the singer bo in
perfect health , is quito as often as one should
sing in opera If she desires long to retain the
pristlno freshness nnd power of her voico.
These prlma donnas and tenors who sing six
nights nnd two matinees a week had better ;
"mako hay whtlo the sun shines , " for no
vocal organs can long withstand so severe IDa
strain.
Nervousness , worry and trouble are great
foes to the singing voice. Thcso should bo
carefully avoided. It follows , therefore , as-
a natural consequence that a singer should
have an abundance of rest. As her profes-
1slon keeps her up till quito a ilatd hour she
must not try to bo an early riser. She must
isleep late In the morning , or sufficiently late
to secure iilutror ten hours of rest. She
must learn that sleeping in the duy time can
bo made Just as refreshing and beneficial as
lisleeping at night if one only kr.ows how tote
do it to the best advantage. The point is to
have your room made as dark by heavy shut
ters and curtains and to have a quiet us pro
found as you could have it at night. Insuffi
cient sleep will soon injure the nervous sys '
tem , nnd through It the voice.
Buforo going on the stage to sing It Is in
excellent practice to gargle the throat with
some soothing , mildy astringent lotion. thI
often do this before going on to attempt any
remarkable fight of melody.
There Is no particular diet that is of apo-
clnl advantage to a singer , but to retain her
voice in ] H. rfcot condition she should vo
perfect health , nnd should therefore id
all , indigestible or otherwise deleterious
food. Alcoholic stimulants of any kind tend
to irritate the throat and should bo entirely '
abstained from , ICven light wines are-no ex '
ception to this rule. Most iMX > plo arc familiar
with tha hoarse voice of the hard drinker ,
nnd it is often said of such An Individual that
ho has "burned his throat out with drink , "
Kven a moderate use of alcohol may there - .
fore tend to make the voice husky. If from
sickness or other cause alcoholic stimulus
should be imperatively needed u vcrj little
whisky , largely diluted with water , is the
way in which the singer may take it with
Iho least chaucu of injury to the throat.
Soup Is good food for a singer , H In n very
concentrated formi/nt Jioiirlshmcnt ami Is
very digestible. I'griihnps , too , as Silas-
Wogg that ntmistn ? character of Dickens
In "Our Mutual Ecieuil" would say , "It
metiers the organ. "
Tnko
Of all the various-forms of physical exor
cise , I think walking is the form most bene
ficial to a singer. MeJfrnto billiard playing
may also bo ( rood , beflaiiso tt involves a great
deal of walking. In , , i > U\vlr r billiards for an
hour or two ono wil j"walfr. several mllea with
out the slightest consciousness of effort or
feeling of fatigue , a. fact duo to the mind
being < so pleasantly absorbed by the game.
Some anatomist has Jrfld. that there are only
two implements which bring Into play every
muscle in the body-rtbo spade and the billiard
cue.
Above nil , the singer who wishes to pre
1 serve her voice must bo especially careful to
avoid taking cold , nnd to refrain from singIng -
a1fi after she has done so. When going out
for a walk or drive in damp , cold weather ,
she must bo careful to have her throat well
lirotected. For this purK | > so a silk scarf Is
best. A handkerchief held Over the mouth
isdi a wise precaution to prevent the cold ,
damii air from reaching the larynx. The feet
and lugs should bo protected with overshoes
and legglns.
ain There are two vulnerable points which
most people entirely neglect to guard. I
mean the little openings through which the
oars receive sound. Physicians toll us that
there is a direct connection , known as the
custachlan tube , bcnveon the ear and the
throat , nnd cold nlr entering the car .may
thus readily affect the larynx. To prevent
this it is well for a singer to keep her ears
stuffed with small pieces of cotton when out
of doors in cold weather. This is a wl. % precaution -
caution for everybody to 'nice. If it were
generally adopted there would bo no moro
cases of these injlainmatlonsof the car which
nro so distressing and so common.
Great singers are often severely blamed
for "disappointing the public. " and It Is a
popular notion that they are never really
indisposed when it is announced that they
arc , and that they only pretend to from some
motive of jealousy , pique or self-interest.
This is a great mistake. Singers are quito as
mortal nnd quito as subject to nil the ills
that flesh Is heir to as other people are , and
when a great singer , suffering from a severe
cold and hoarseness , must choose between
"disappointing the public" and permanently
injuring her voice , pethap.can she bo
blamed for choosing the form-T alternative ?
The young woman who is ambitious to be
come a really great singer does well to go
abroad to study. Olio of the best slm.'iug
teachers in all the world I know of n no
better is Mine. Marches ! of Paris , the vocal
trainer of Oerstcr nnd Trobelli. There are
also some excellent teachers in Milan.
In singing , us in everything else , it is prac
tice that makes perfect. These who wish to
bearcat singers must practice untiringly.
Hard work is the principal factor of all nr-
tistic success. Genius and voice count for
llttlo without it. Thomas.Mooro , the great
Irish poet , has truly said , in hU.lifo of Uich-
ard Brinstey Sheridan. "Labor Is the father
of all the great works in this world , whether
in literature or stone , poetry or pyramids , "
anil it applies with peculiar force to .great
achievements as a singer. Young women
with operatic aspirations como to my per
formances and , after they have heard me ,
exclaim : " "How easily Mine. Patti sings 1 It
is no trouble to bo a great prlma donna if
the gift of it is born in ono. " Ah , they do
not know the weary hpurs I spent In study
and practice of the most -duous character ,
and at an age , too. when othe : girls wcro
thinking only of dolls and bonbons. I tell
you thcro is no royjiI . 'road to becoming a
great singer.
XTJSCffflO XOTKS.
The electric sleigh Is nntiounccd.
The latest whaleback steamer Pillsbury is
lighted throughout by electricity. *
Electric cloth cuttei-s arc 0116 of the latest
novelties on tho'inarkot. ' ,
The patent office lias 'recently ' granted a
number of patents foj1 magnetic ere separators
raters and also several for printing telegraph
systems' . ' i- ; *
Prof. ti. F. BlalWof tho' University of
Kansas says that-he.cons.tders lightning rods
for buildings in cities , , except -nigh struct
ures , altogether unnecessary.-
An electrically controlled' machine which
will effectively stamp 80.000 letters in an
hour is one of the interesting inventions that
has been adopted in the Postottico depart
ment.
A number of hmall-electric launches are to
bo sent to the World's fair to bo used for
small excursion parties. Tbo motive power
will bo supplied by means of storage bat
teries.
A carriage telephone is a recent invention.
It is a speaking tube of rubber wound with
silk and permits the occupant of a closed
carriage to speak with the driver without
thrusting the head out of the window.
The electric arc lamp is destined to replace
the calcium or oxyhydrogen light for optical
projections and theatrical uses. Its bril
liancy , steadiness , whiteness and fixedness
are superior to these of the limo light.
An electrically propelled Invalid's chair
has been brought out. At ono side of the
seat is a lover connecting with a resistance
box for controlling the single reduction slow-
speed motor. Current Is supplied irom stor
age batteries placed under the sent.
An electrician of St. Louis claims that by-
coating the carbons used in arc lamps with
copper of about the same thickness us that
usually employed and then with a heavier
coating of zinc the carbons can bo made to
burn nearly twice as long as with merely the |
copper covering.
Electricity is to become a great facto'r in
prolonging human llfo. It has been discov
ered that ozone when manufactured nnd in
troduced into air by the electrical process i
tends to give the air healthful qualities by
exterminating all the disease germs and
imcrobes it may contain.
The fact is now placed beyond question
thnt both the flower and the kitchen gard
ener have secured In tho" electric light a
means of largely increasing the possibilities
of plant culture : Prof. L. H. Bailey , in his
report to the Cornell university , formally
establishes the commercial value of electro-
culture for certain winter crops , and espe
cially for lettuce.
irons , ' cooklng'iitcnsils of all kinds , including
house and hotel broilers , pancake griddles ,
baking ovens , skillets and spiders for frying
nnd soldering irons , embossing plates , seal
ing-wax heaters , curling-tongs , glue itots ,
disk heaters , house und office and car heat
ers.
ers.In
In some recent experiments in the light
ing of largo areas from a balloon projectors
of fi.OOO-candlo power wcro used , and when
thcso were carried to the height of a,000 feet
the rays of the electric light covered a sur
face of about 1.000 feet diameter , in spite of
a thick mist. Kven at n height of 500 feet a
luminous ray could'bo projected which
showed every object'/within its focus dis
tinctly ut the distancdfif.'three-quarters ' of a
mile. " j
An electric gcnoraton weighing 83,000
pounds Is to bo installed1 < in a railway jiower-
house in Ottawa , Canhda.It is to furnish
current to boat the ; qhtlro promises , ns well
as help operate the 'trolley road , and is the
largest generator evern taken Into Canada.
The powerhouse will bo the llrst building in
that country over 'MsatM ' throughout by
electricity , and probably" the first power
station heated iuthls.uuiujier in the world.
It Is reported that rt > . Buffalo man has In
vented an instrument 'Which ' ho calls the
"telephotus. " It is de.sij'ned for communica
tion between vessels aV3f $ , for lighthouses ,
" ' ' " '
"ps and for 'ge -al employment In
"
the United States signal service. The ap
paratus consists of 100 incandescent lamps ,
which are ox.ratod | byif keyboard something
on the principal of Htypewrlcr. , A code of
signals founded on the Morse telegraph
alphabet is used , and experiments have
shown that signals can bo read for a dis
tance of fifteen miles.
An English electrical paper responsible
for the statement that the nickol-in-tho-slot
principle-is to be applied to the production of
electrical energy. Hitherto the public has
fed the automatic machine with coins in re
turn for value. In the latest plan the process
has been reversed. The public is now to re
ceive money instead of raying it. To the
person who turns.a crank 100 times the ma-
chlno will deliver up 2 cents. The crunk Is
connected with a dynamo , and the 100 revo
lutions of the handle manufactures a quan
tity of electrical energy which is eventually
to bo retailed by the owners of thp machine
for purposes of illumination or power.
The announcement was recently made that
a tool hud been invented whereby sculptors
and others into whoso occupation the carv
ing of marble , stone or granite entered
largely could u future dispense with slow.
nnd Jaborlom handwork and avail them
selves fn u most thorough and satisfactory
way of the application of electricity to their
calling. The tmrJcc weighs about six pounds
rind Is provided with n plunger , the rapidity
of whoso stroke is regulated by a button on
the sldo of the tool. The stroke ' -an bo made
to vary from oilo-elghth of an Inch to onn
inch , at n speed varying from 800 to BOO
strokes per minute.
The manufacture ot electrlo hand lamps
must now bo numbered among modern elec
trical Industries , A small storage battery Is
used , the active material of which Is llthan-
ode , n substance which Is likely to bo largely
used for such purposes. Ono special form is
made with n live-cell battery , and is much in
request by lecturers , photographers nnd
others who desire to project the light on n
paper or other object and nt the same tlmo
shield their own eyes , Another form 1s n
special "pockat" battery of the two-cell type.
This handy little lamp will glvo a good light
for n period of four hours with ono charge ,
and Is so light nnd compact that it will go
comfortably Into the coat pocket and can bo
turned on nt a moment's notice. These
lamps , made in various grades of strength ,
according to the purposes for which they are
Intended , are now being used by policemen
nnd street car conductors ,
The Applegato lamp on exhibition In
Tun lien building last fall has
reached a state of pcrlectlon nnd Is ready
to bo manufactured In largo quantities. The
lava head that has so prominently been
identified with the Appleg.ito lamp has been
discarded and an entirely different ma
terial adopted , which has led to a
successful lamp , and it Is now to enter the
Hold ns a competitor of the great combine.
Thp Applegate lamp , us U stands today , en
tirely evades the Kdlson patents ns well as
posscslngs numerous advantages over all
other lamps. The rapid strides made by the
combine in closing up all lamp factories
makes the Applegato lamp the moro valua
ble. Factories thus suffering the edict can
save themselves from being forced out of
business by n monopoly by using the only
lamp on which Edison has no claim. A con
siderable business is anticipated in royalties
in this direction. The demand for incandes
cent lamps throughout the United States is
increasing at the rate of 50,000 lamps
monthly. The output last year was 7,500,000.
Edison general electric Is given a monopoly
of the business b ; the supreme court of the
United States , as no lamp , excepting the Ap
plegato , cvudo.s Edison's patents , consequently
quently the Edison company will be kept
busy supplying the demand. No ono factory
can do this , and it is to bo presumed that the
policy of the Edison General company will
not bo backward in demanding n liberal roy-
olty from these factories who continue In the
business. The Applegato company proposes
to como to the rescue of these unfortunates ,
und protect them from oppression at the
hands of monopoly ,
c
Doi'inuls on the Hoy.
A boy ono day last week called on n Jeffer
son avenue merchant concerning a place ,
says the Detroit Free Press.
"I want an olllce boy , " ho said in reply , "if
I can get the right kind of a one. Do you
want a Job ? "
"Yes , sir. " responded the boy , "but before
I take It I'd like to know if there is1nny
chance of promotion. "
"Well , " said the merchant thoughtfully ,
"that depends on the boy. The last ono wo
hud here owned the whole place before ho
had been with us sixty duvs. "
Unlike tie Dutch Process
No Alkalies
OH
Other Chemicals
are uieil In the
preparation of
W. LAKER & CO.'S
BreaWastCocoa
tolitch is absolutely
pure anil soluble ,
Ithnsmorctliantlireotlmee
the strength ol C'oco.i mixed
with Starcli , Arrowroot or
_ Sugar , nod la far moro eco
nomical , costing JfSJ than one cent a cup.
It is delicious , nourishing , and EASILY
DIGESTED.
DIGESTED.Sold
Sold lrCi-ofcr tterytrlier * .
W. BAKER &CO..Dorohejter , Mais.
Iff
r
HOOK GLOVES
jlUB STAMPED
FOSTER'S PATENTS *
OK
LICENSED UNDERFOSTER'SPATENT&
HETTAItB Off
IMITATIONS !
We can't
Do like our friends who sell $15 suits
for $5.00ifor the simple reason that the
suits we sell for $15 are wholesaled for
almost that " much , and it is therefore
plain that in order to sell a $15 suit for $5
we would get such enormous profits it
would be an easy matter to sell at $5.
But we can't. Some people can , but we
can't.
can't.We
We can ' -
sell you a cheviot or plain cassimere suit
in either cutaway or sack , in all shades ,
principally gray , brown , blue and fancy
colors that we sold last month for $10.50 ,
for the phenominal price of $8.75. We
could say the former price was $20 , seas
as to make you think we were just losing
$8,75 on every suit we sold , but it's a
$10.50 suit for $8.75.
Colum bia Clothing
Company ,
Corner 13th and Farnam.
By purchasing goods made at the following Nebraska Factories. If you
cannot find what you want , communicate with the manufacturers as
to what dealers handle their goods.
AWNINGS.
OnmEIYent-Awnlng
COMPANV.
KlfiBl. Hamtuockl. Oil
and Jtubbar Clottitnp.
Bend for catalogue. 11U
Farnam it.
BREWERS.
FURNITUrtf.
ChasStiiYerlcK&Co
Furniture , Carpets and
Draperlei.
1J06 Farnam st.
FLOUR.
5. F. Oilman. OmahaTUllng Co , ,
101J-U-K K , 10th ft. Offlct and Mill.
C. E. Blaek , maaagir. 11U N.ieth IV
LADIES ,
Nebraska Made Flour
Is the Best.
LOOK FOR THE
Association Label
ON SACK.
DR.
WIcCREW
THE SPECIALIST.
IB unsurpassed la the
trontnient of nil
PRIVATE DISEASES
anil nil Weakness if r lit
and Disorders ot flnl.ll
13 roars expcrlonca.
Write for circulars
nad question list froo.
I4th nnd Fnrtmm 8te. ,
Omaha , Nob.
DISORDERS
And alt tbo train of
EVILS , WBAKNK8S1H. DKRIMTr. KTC. , that na
coinpnnr thorn In men OUICKljY nnd PKHMA-
KKSTI.V UUItlSO. Knll STUBNUTll nnd tone
Blven to every part of tbo body. 1 will gond ( to-
enroll' racked ) KHBIC to nnjr auIToror ttio proiorlp-
tlon that cured rae of tliuio trouble ) . Addraii , L
A. HKADLKV IU1TLL CllliKK. MICH.
DU. E. C.WE3T3 KKVEANU UllAJN THBA.T.
mont , iv ipoclno for lljritorln , Dlrzlnoii , Flu , Nou-
ralvla , Hoadaoho , Nervoiu 1'roslratlon oaineil 1 > T
liquor or tobacco , walcofnlneaj , Mental Depreailon ,
Sodnens ol tbo Drain , causing intanltr. mlsorr. da-
caj.acnlh.l'rjninfaroOW AKO , Nervousnus.i , lyn of
1'owor In otthorBox , iDipotoucjr , lAtuoorrlua and all
'
1'omale VYonknoiaos , Involuntary Ix sai , Bperma-
torrboa caused by ovor-oiortlon of the brain. A
mouth'stroiUmcntII0 ; forii br mail. We euar-
nnloodboxoi to euro. Knch order for U boxoi with
f5 will iond writtenKtmrnntno to rotund If notcuroil.
flimrantoa l ued onlr lif Tlioodoro K J.own. drag-
Kl t , lalenKcnt , loutboait corner llitb and Farnaui
itreoti. Oinaba
Dr. SYDNEY RINGER , professor of Medicine at University College , London ,
Author of the Standard Handbook of "
" Therapeutics , acluallu writes as follows !
"from the cnroftil analyses of Prof. ATTFIEI.D nnd others , I nra H.itlsIIod that
is in no way injurious to honltli. anil that itisdnuidedly moro nutritious than
ether Cocoas. Ills certainly " 1'uro" and lilchly dlKi'stlblo. The quotations in cer
tain advertisements ( from Trade rivals ) from my book on TlioraiKiuticsuroquita
misleading , and cannot possihly apply to VAN HOUTEN'H COCOA. "
Ttie falsa reflection on Van IIOVTKN'HCOCOL is tlitts fjfrcluallurepelled , ami thf very
authority citetl to itjttre it. is thereby } > romj > trilta nlre it n vrru naniltome testimonial , n
IRON WORKS.
Paxton & Ylcrllng IndustrlkllronWorks
lltO.VVOHK3. .
Manufacturing and re
Wrought and Cast Iron pairing of all ktndi of
bulldlnc work , Ennlnei , machinery. 71 < H. Kth
bran work , etc. st. Telephone 111SI.
Omaha Safe and Iron Novelty Works ,
WOUKS , Moit complete planltn
Fnfei.TaulU , Jail work , ttia weit for light manu
Iron iliutteri and 11 ro ei facturing and all kinds
capei. Andrmm It Uar- of electro-plating. Cham
nett , Kth and Jackson. Mfg. Co. , Weeping Wa
ter , Neb.
MATTRESSES. I PRINTERS.
Omaha Mattress Co I Reed Job Printing
Uattreties , fcither COMI'ANr.
plllowsand ootnforteri
Yo trade onlr , l fl-4- Be * Ballllof.
Nicola it.
A Wo nlih to test tlio taln
of this paper n > * n ad-
MBM * i u > iiiiiBi vertlBlnjj mudlum , lionc
OPPORTUNITY i Inl > ko the * ° ' " "n im-
prucciloiiteil
offer on new-
mnthlnos of our U'nnnfncturo until J'i'b. 1 onlf.
& .T8 buys t.'in flu Clil-ft. . ) . . If ) O
cjgo Singer. 119.18 huy.
t ho hlh'liest urndo modern _ .
.tylo nowlng umchluo !
SfctflW Rfl <
the world. HwlUI V UU3I .
THIS MACHINE $19.18.
On lOrtnys' approval ; If returned , freight chance *
. .xofundedVrlto at onoo for catalottuo ItVJ and
forms for obtilnlnjr a sowtujf maclilno l''UKI , n0 tbti
aiivertlnomont will nut appear ntialn.
CHICAGO SEWING MACHINE CO. ,
< 2 to 63 N. Ilnlstod-it. , Chicago , 1IL
How Many
PEOPLE ai-o putting
OFF THE DAY
Intending soon to consult a
Successful
Specialist
\VIIY THIS DKI.AY ?
Chroiilo , Private , Nervous nud
Surgical Dlii > ; rr. . CURED.
Maiiliooil , Fomnlo Weakiiossos ,
Etc. , CURED.
CONSULTATION FREE.
Treatment by Nlnll. Address with
stamp for n.irtlculnrs. whloh will b *
lent In u plain envelope ,
C. W. WILLIAMSON , M.D.
KoonisB , 8'i , 9 , 01J ,
110-11B B , l.'ith Htroot , Omaha *
RUBBER OOOOS. I SEWIHO MACHINES