I
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : WfiONHSDAY' ' JANUARY 27 , 1802.
SHALL m HAVE UNLIMITED SILVER COINAGE ?
Joint Discussion by Ecl\vard Rosewater and
Jay Burrows.
.
PART I.
In the primitive Eoclnlslnto in on mtulo
exchanges of the tuituriil products of the
onrth ntiil HOU , the corcnls , fruits , fowls ,
llahes tint ! nunntils by barton The
products of Imndlcrnft rudely fashioned
from stone , mot id nnd wood xvoro nil ex
changed bybirtor. The rolntlvo value
In trndo of the o commodities nnd
products depended not merely upon
tholr scarcity or nbundnnco , but nlbo
upon Individual caprice.
An man becntno moro civilized It was
found ronvonlont to litivn a recognized
inoiliuin of exchange. Tlila mudlum ,
which performed the functions of money ,
* ui9 always chosen from commodities or
products that had u barter value within
, themselves. Thus whont , tobacco , furs ,
dried fish , fruits , horses ) and cattle con-
_ htltutcd mediums of barter and passed
current In various countries the same as
money does now. Ono pound of tobacco ,
for Instance , exchanged for three bushels
of potatoes ; ono beaver skin exchanged
for two bushels of wheat or ton pounds
of beef. Among American Indians
horses were a favorite medium of barter
nnd ii do/.cn ponies wore sometimes
turned over in payment for ono gqiuiw.
When men began a nomadic life
precious metals were found to possess n
superior barter valuo. They were com
pact , small in bulk , indestructible ,
readily divisible and not liable to dopro-
clato In value by use as ornaments or as
mediums of exchange. They had an in
trinsic value , based upon the labor to
mlno , smelt , rcllno and polish them.
When Abraham bought a plot of land
for a family burial ground ho paid for
It with ! ( ) ( ) shekels of silver , "current
money. " That is the first barter in silver
vor currency wo have any record of , and
the value of this silver money was com
puted by weight. For greater conven
ience the mot'illiu barter medium was
divided Into pieces of u llxed weight and
quality and these pieces of inoinl be
came money. To protect people who
used this metallic barter medium against
Iraudulent alloys and counterfeiting ,
mints were established under
governmental supervision. Their func
tion was to coin pieces of silver nnd gold
of uniform weight and quality and .stamp
them with figures denoting tholr valuo.
This Is the nrlmo and only object of
coinage. The government stamp upon
any coin merely certifies to its weight
.and quality but does not add any value
to the coin. Outsldo of the countries
which issue them gold nnd sllvor coins
only puss current at their market value
as metal. When a coin does not contain
metal worth in the open market the
Hum stamped on its face it is known as
debased coin. Debased coins have at
various times boon issued hy govern
ments whoso treasuries were depleted
by exhaustive wars and reduced
revenues. England debased her
coin in the year 1310 , and
the French , Gorman and Spanish
governments have at various times Is
sued debased coin as a last reset t when
the tax gatherer was unable to wring
nny moro contributions from the pee
ple. The issues of debased coin have
ttlways proved disastrous to the credit
and prosperity of every nation that has
resorted to such means to increase its
volume of monoy.
Of the two money metals gold
always has commanded greater purchas
ing power , and its relative value to silver
vor lias varied In proportion to their
relative abundance and cost of produc
tion. At the beginning of the present
era ono ounce of gold exchanged for
eight ounces of silvor. When America
was discovered , four hundred years ago ,
it required from ton to eleven ounces of
silver to buy ono ounce of gold. In
the seventeenth century the ratio be
tween gold and silver fluctuated be
tween 15 and 10 to 1. In 1717 Sir Isiuic
Newton , the master of the British mint ,
fixed their ratio at 15 1-5 to 1. In 1782ton
.years before the United States com
menced the coinage of money , Robert
Morris , one of the most eminent linan-
ciors America over produced , advocated
the use ot silver alone , because In his
judgment gold nnd Bilvor could not bo
used as a standard on account of the
variatlo'h in tlio ratio of the two metals.
After several voars of discussion the
proposition to adopt a double standard
of sllvor and gold waa carried into oll'oct
by Alexander Hamilton , the fliMt
aocrotary of the United States treasury
in pursuance of an act of eongross.which
placed the ratio between gold and silver
as 1 to 15. In other words the American
standard silver dollar was to contain lo
grains of sllvor for every grain of gold
vontaincd in the American 'standard
gold dollar. _ By the act of 17)3froo ! , and
unlimited coinage was decreed and the
gold and sllvor coins issued- from the
United States mint were made a legal
tender.
In duo time it was found impracti
cable to maintain thodoubio standard or
free coinage of both metals. Early in
the canlury Grosham's law , which enun
ciates thu principle that " 'bud money
drives out good money , " began to exert
It * inlluuncu on American coined metals.
On the average gold was worth three per
cent moro as compared with sllvor than
the value stamped on the gold coin.
Gold began to disappear from circula
tion as early as 1810. In 181-1 thu gold
coinage of the United States mint was
$77,000 ; In IBIS It wan only $11,000. Thtoo
yearn later the circulation of gold coin
was almost completely extinguished in
the United Stales.
The first experiment in the United
States with the free and unlimited coin
age of gold nnd silver closed in 1BHI. In
that year a bill was passed by congress
changing the ratio. During the discus
sion of that bill on the floor of the senate
Thomas II , Benton is on record as say
ing : "The false valuation put upon
gold littH rendered the mint of the United
States so far as the gold
coinage is concerned a most
ridiculous nnd absurd institution. It
line coined and that , at n largo expense
to the United Stated , i > ,202,177 pieces of
gold worth $ MaVJ,800 nnd where tire
the pieces now ? Not ono of thorn to bo
Been. All bold and exported ! And so
regular Is thu operation that the
director of the mint In his latest report
to congress Bays that the new coined
gold frequently remains In the mint un
called for though ready for delivery until
the day arrives for a packet to Ball to
Kuropo. " * * * * *
"To go to work at the right
place to olfcct the recovery
of that precious metal which their fath
ers once possessed which the subjects
I * of European kings now possess which
the citizens of the young republics to
the south all possess which oven the
fieo nugrousof San Domingo possess
but which the yeomanry of this America
huvo been deprived of for more than
twenty years , nnd will be deprived of
forever , unless they discover the cause
of the evil , und npplv' tie | remedy to
its root. "
It would thus Boom that in the days of
Benton the iwjoplo were crying for the
gold dollars of the daddies. The coinage -
ago net of Juno Ivl4 ( llxod
the legal ratio of gold to silver as 1 to
IU , This waa the lit at radical departure
from tlio ratio fixed by Alexander flam-
llton. In the sixteen years tffter 1831
the commercial ratio of sllvor to gold
lluctuatod from 155 to 1 to 15 11-10 to 1 ,
consequently the sllvor as coined by the
United States was relatively to gold
worth more than its coined value ,
( ircslmtn's law again en mo into play and
silver disappeared from circulation.
The nllvor dollar was rarely used ns
money after 1810. An eminent author
ity on finance wrote , in 1870 : "It would
probably bo safe to assort that one-half
of the citizens of our country born since
18-10 had never seen a United States sil
ver dollar.
In l&W the want of silver currency
had become so pressing that congress
enacted a now law to prevent the melt
ing down of the half dollar pieces , which
contained just one-half of the quantity
of silver In tho. standard sllvor dollar.
By the act of 18. > ! { the standard sllvor
of the half dollar was cut down from
UOOi grains to 102 grains , with the
smiillor coins In proportion. No frco
coinage of these &ub3ldlary coins was al
lowed. Their legal tender value was
limited to $ o. Thus the act of 1855 ; re
duced the silver of tlio Iractional
coins about 7 per cent , and as the
sliver dollar was only worth about ! IJ
per cent more than the gold dollar all
profit in molting the subsidiary coins
ceased. At this period the silver dollar
had practically gone out of circulation.
The total coinage of silver dollars in 18" > 0
had boon 17,500 ; in 18" > 1 $1,1500 ; in 1852
$1,100. In striking contrast the total
gold coinage of 1852 was over 850,000-
000 , of which 2.000.000 was in the little
gold dollars. Why was there no clamor
then for the dollar of our daddies ?
Simply because thcro were no bullion-
aires and silver mine speculators inter
ested in clamoring.
By the act of February 21 , 1853 , a
coinage charge of i per cent was im
posed upon all gold and silver bullion
presented > y individuals for coin-
ngo at the mint. This fact incident
ally goes to show that absolute free
coinage of both metals had Leon repealed
by the act of 185t. ! In reality there is
no valid roison for the free coinage of
either of the two metals. The actual
cost of coining a silver dollar is com
puted at 2 cents and the same expense is
incurred for tlio coinage of every gold
coin.Vhilo the expense of coining a
twenty-dollar gold piece is no greater
than the coinage of a silver dollar the
owners of the metal , oven if gold
and silver were on a parity
at the old ratio of sixteen to
ono , ought to bear the expense of coin
age The coinage of 1,000,000 silver
dollars would , if free coinage were es
tablished , cost the government $20,000 ;
whereas the coinage of 100,000 eagles
( $10) ) costs the government $2,000 , and
60,000 double eagles ( $20) ) . or $1,000,000 ,
would only cost the government $1,000
to coin. When it is borne in mind that
the United States mints have coined
over 400,000,000 silver dollars within the
pastxhirtcoti years at a cost to tlio gov
ernment of over $8,000,000 , or 82,000 each
working day , the magnitude of the cost
of silver coinage becomes very striking.
Although the coinage of the standard
silver Hollar of ! t"li grains of pure sil
ver continued without let or hindrance
from 1702 to 187. ! , it was very limited
during the first fifty years of the repub
lic. From 1702 to 180o the total coinage
of silver dollars in the United States
mints was $ l,4.'i,517 ! ) , or $110,732 a year.
Computing the population at 4,000,000
the bilvor dollar coinage amounted to
less than thrco con taper year per capita.
From 1805 to 1835 , during a period of
thirty years , not a single standard silver
dollar , " or any other silver dollar ,
was coined in the United * States.
In 1830 only 1,000 standard silver dollars
were coined. In 1837 and 1838 the United
States mints did not coin a single silver
dollar. In 1830 only 300 silver dollars
were coined. From 1840 to 1857 the
total coinage of silver dollars was
$1,328,823. In 1858 not a single silver
dollar was coined. From 185 ! ) to 1873
the total coinage of silver dollars aggre
gated $5,285,108. The total coinage of
silver dollars from 17H2 to 1873 , covering
a period of eighty years , was only
$8,051,838. Assuming that this whole
stock of silver was retained in circula
tion up to 1873 , which wo know is not
the case , and computing the population
for 1873 to bo 44,000,000 , the circulation
of silver dollars was loss than 20 cents
per capita. Today , in spite of the hue
and cry about the alleged conspiracy
against silver , wo have more than $ ( J
per capita in standard silver dollars ,
and this in exclusive of the silver certifi
cates Issued in exchange for the silver
bullion now on deposit in tliu vaults of
the national treasury. In other words ,
within the last eighteen years wo have
coined fifty standard silver dollars for
every slnglo dollar that had boon coined
during the eighty years piocuding , and
wo are issuing moro .sllvor dollar certifi
cates for the silver bullion delivered at
the mint every sixty days than all the
silver coined by our mints from 1702 to
1873. But the clnmor for unlimited
coinage is still kept up by the silver
mine bullionairos , mining claim specu
lators and their dupes.
Lot us now go back to 187. } . when congress -
gross struck the standard .silver dollar
from tliu list of American coins. That
act has boon denounced by ftoo coinage
advocates as a great conspiracy in the
interest of foreign bondholders and
money loanors. This is a fiction gotten
up for political olTcct. The truth of his
tory contradicts it most emphatic
ally. In 1870 the American silver
dollar of 412 } grains was worth 103 cents
in the uiotal market. Those silver del
lars Had nearly all gene out of circula
tion , being absorbed in the silversmith's
melting pot.
The only motalllo dollar In circula
tion at that period was the little gold
dollar. In order to unify our monetary
svstom , John Jay Knox , comptroller of
the treasury , recommended to congress
to drop the 412j-graln dollar out
of our coinage list and substitute
stitutea subsidiary dollar coin
weighing 334 grains in silver fur
homo circulation. This recommendation
was embodied in a bill that was pending
in congress moro than throe years. Tlio
bill waa introduced on April 25 , 1870 ,
and did not pass until February 7. 1873.
What is the true explanation11 ! The
fact is that in 1873 sllvor had dumono-
ti/.ed itself. The coin in the silver del
lar was still worth a little moro than a
dollar , and It has been estimated that
there were not , at that time , a thous
and standard silver dollars in existence.
All had been molted or qxported. For
twenty-eight years the ounce price of
silver had not fallen below * 1.SO , whoro-
iis Its ratio to gold was $1.29 ; and In 1873
it still stood within one-fifth of ono cent
of f 1,30. Tito silver producers were in
different as to the law of J873 i-ecauso ,
unbrokenly for forty years , silver had
boon worth moro than its coinage valuo.
Beginning with 1870 the gold
product began Jo decline , the
silver product began to increase
enormously. In 1874 the Latin-Union ,
noticing the downward tendency of sll
vor , withdraw the privilege of frco
coinage of tlio silver Hvo franc pieces
to a moderate amount. Silver in 1874
fell to $1.27 an ounce. In 187o to $1.21
an ounce. In 187(1 ( to $1.15 an ounce.
Then , and not till then , began to bo
heard the cry of "tho conspiracy of
1873. " Sllvor has boon struck down ,
but not by the bill of 1873. nor by nny
bill concocted by man. The hand
which struck down sllvei' ' is the hand
which will strike us nil down in time ,
the hand which nothing can withstand ,
the irresistible hand of nature. Sllvor
has been struck down by ono of the
natural forces , by the great law of de
mand nnd supply.
Sir. Hurt-own' llopl.v.
I dismiss as Immaterial all the history
ns to the origin and nature of money.
The bare question wo are to discuss is
the expediency of the free coinage of
silver , as it affects the welfare of our
people. The real question Involved is
ono of volume of money. This Involves
the question of prices , or the relative
purchasing power of products or lalwr ,
nnd money. In this issue tlio interests
of the money lenders , or the fixed in-
c&mo class , or the crcdllor class , arc al
varionco with Iho interests of the producers
ducers- the merchants , the mechanics ,
the debtor class. This is really the
only issue. All the talk about silver
being unlit for money , too plentiful , too
cheap , is more idle by-play. The quicker
the real issue ts understood by the
people the bettor.
Mr. Ko.sowater makes sotno statement ?
in ills history , however , which are in-
acurato. In sneaking of government
mints ho says they were established to
protect people from counterfoils , and
that "tholr function was to coin pieces
of silver and gold of uniform weight
and qunlily and stamp thorn witli fig
ures denoting Iholr valuo. " Ho Ihon
adds , "this is the prime and only ob
ject of coinage. The government stamp
upon tiuy coin merely certifies to its
weight and quality , but does not add
any value to the coin. " These state
ments are peculiar. As there was no ac
cepted government coin before mints
were "established , " and as there would
bo no counterfoils before Ihoro was a
legal coin , Isn't it just possible thai Mr.
llosowator has made a mistake as to
Iho function of mints:1 : Law first fixed
the amount of motal'ln the coin , deter
mined its form and the insignia or device -
vice that should bo placed upon It , and
then coined Iho money to show to the
people , as well as furnish for their , use ,
what the law had provided should bo
money. The function of the mini is far
different nnd higher titan Mr. R.states.
If simply amount and fineness were to
be certified , bars would have done as
well as coin.
Mr. Kosowator says the government
stamp "does not add to value. " This
wo deny. If Mr. R had said "inlrinsfc
valuo" wo would have agreed. The
least reflection will show the falsitv of
Mr. R's position. Take 3714 grains of
silver in a lump and otter it to your
creditor. Will it pay the dobtV No.
Tuko oxaclly the same number of grains
in the form of ti coined dollar and offer
it to your creditor. AVill it pay the doblV
Yes. Are 371J grains of silver which
will liquidate a dobl moro valuable lhan
371i grains Hint will not ? If I undor-
sland the term value , they are. What
is the dilToroncoi1 Ono boars the evi
dence that the law has said it shall pass
current for a dollar. The other does
not. Consequently coining has added
value.
Take the case of the nickel 5-cont
piece. Has or has not minting added
value to the inotalV
Mr. R. now innocently says , "outsido
of the countries which issue thorn gold
and silver coins only pass current at
their market value as metal. " True , and
why ? Because the fiat or legal power of
the countries which issue thorn docs not
extend beyond their own borders.
Within the countries which issue them
they pass at the face value put upon
them by law as money. Oulsido they
pass at their commodity or intrinsic
valuo. Mr. Rosewater plainly refutes
himself.
Ho now utlors another reckless state
ment which shows how superficial has
been his study of the subject. Ho says :
"When a coin does nol contain melal
worth in Iho open markol the sum
stamped on ils face il is known as debased -
based coin. "
A debased coin is a coin which con-
lains less metal than the standard
amount llxed by law. This may bo
caupcd by abrasion , or by fraud of the
ruling power at the mint. But in the
nature of things the value of the
material of money has nothing to do
with its legal value. The latter value
is determined by law alone. As a matter -
tor of policy it nifty bo desirable to have
tlio nominal value of coins correspond
with the value of their metal in the
open market. But a coin cannot bo said
to bo ' "debased" unless it contains less
metal than the law requires.
Suppose the silver and gold coins of
this country should bo diminished ju.st
one-half , what would result ? Prices in
this country , measured by our coin ,
would bo doubled , but it would have no
cllcct whatever upon our foreign trade.
Gold nnd silver would pay balunce.s on
exactly Iho same basis as before , viz :
Their commodity valuo.
Those slips of Mr. Rosewater are not
very important , as no part of Iho argu-
menl hinges upon them , nor upon the
long history reviewed by him. Wo
merely quote them to show how loose
Ills analysis of the subjocl is.
Beginning at his fourth paragraph ,
Mr. Rosewater quotes a great deal of
the early history of coinage in this
country ; hut. the oxacl application ho
wishes to make of those quotations I am
unable to ony , unless It Is to try to show
that anv double standard is impracti
cable. If that is his object the argu-
monl is as much in favor of silver as
gold. The supply of silver in the
United States having increased 50 per
cent in the last ton years , and
the supply of gold having de
creased or remained stationary ,
it would seem , if wo are to have money
of only ono metal , that silver Is the bust
for that purpose. As a mattqr of fact ,
whatever deductions Mr. R. would make
there can bo no historical parallel in
money matters drawn butwoon the ante
bellum period and thn present time ,
only in the fact that then as now the
intricate problems connected with coinage -
ago pux./.led slatomon and ballled schol
ars. But that a double standard at a
llxod ratio can bo maintained with a
greatly varying supply of both moltils ,
with a scarcely appreciable variation in
the coin value of either , I have ample
historic fuels to provo. 1 quota from tlio
address of William P. St , John , presi
dent of the Mercantile National bank of
Now York , delivered bcloro the Western
Commercial congress at Ifansas Oily ,
April 17 , 181)1 ) :
Facts , road together , , rur < jrt .exporlcnco
especially telling us to Fruiiod. After ' 'TO
yours of widely var > Ing uvornuo rrlutlvo
prices of Kold unU bilvor , under' in'OJer.itu va
rlalions of relative production barxtly uvcra .
IHK ; i per cout , the mints of Franco uloiic , fern
n period of sixty-two years , to 1W15 , under va
riations ot relative production cxcyodint ; lit
pur ivtit , maintained a pruutlcully'unyaryini ;
averiinu rxliilivo price in market ( or ifolu aucl
nllvor la spitu of divergent coiuago laws all
elsowlioro. Thus , In colu vuiuu , In * issli ) :
Production , 7l > pur com silver ; relative- price ,
15.111 to I. la Ib.Vi ; Production , TS | > or cunt
? old ; relative price , in.70 to I ,
Under eijuully free coloacuforpoldnndsll
ver , owneis of either bullion sought Iho
mints of Franco at a value Jlxcd for tneni ,
prluo puld for them In purchasing powtir decreed -
creed by law. In couseiiuenco in the perloJ
1KJ1 to 18ID , SUJ.UOO.OOU . ot the world's auuu-
dant sllvor was woloonjed Into the \osfn\ \ \ ten
der silver coin of Krwico. In is.il to f00 * ,
with cold nlinost nmrHnncly abundant ,
000,000 ot pold wdrt1 * minted Into the loual
tender coin ot Prnnoa.c Under such wtdolv
I varying conditions thq.frcu mints of Franco
maintained thonvoraga rolntlvo market urlco
of pold nnd sllvor for tti'onrld between I to
15.7S and 1 to 15.8CP. " ' Thus offccttwllv by
Franco nlono , the v ltio possessed by cither
motnl In Its scnrcltyiwas bostowt'd tinon the
other In abundance , , , ! ) ) * decree. Such wore
the moans she adopted , such lha achieve
ment , by which Frattco'slnplo-liaiided and for
sixty-two VO.IM , "put rt dollar' * worth of sil
ver In the dollir , " mini mnlntnlnod It rmi-
statitlv at HW cents jjUntior such automatic
operation * of her continuously open mint * . In
spite of the extreme variations In production
noted , Franco thus obtained so great H vol
ume of coined money tn circulation that no
ombnnmmonts wcro possible from occasion'
nl loss of either metal in international trade.
Franco was not a producer of gold ana
silver. The United Suites U without a rival
as a producer of sllvor , ntul usually rivals
nny producer of gold , India Invariably a
creditor nmonp the tnutlDg nations , assures
us her giant support for free coinage of sil
ver. At ono period 7rt per contof the world's '
total production of the money motnls was sti
ver ; only . " > ! > per cent is silver now. Strictly
without the aid of India , France asked no
support for gold frco colnaqo when 78 per
cent of tha production annually was gold.
the foreign commerce of Franco wiva then
much loss than ours nt present. Her dom s-
tlc trade is not to be compared with ours to
day. Her population then was little moro
than halt our tirosont population , her terri
tory ono-sovontooath the niea of tuo United
States.
I find no argument In favor of Iho sln
glo standard in Mr. R'a paragraph 7. It
is true by a change in llio weight of our
gold coins in 1837 the ratio of gold to
silver was changed from 15J to 1 to 10 to
1. It is true thai probably on account of
a varying ratio , gold at ono time and
silver at another , disappeared from cir
culation. These changes , mark , were In
the gold coins. While Iho weight of
pure gold in tlio gold dollar has boon
twice changed , ihe woighl of pure silver
in Iho standard sllvor dollar has never
been changed. It is the same unit
as the llrst standard coin minted in
tlio United States. While our circula
tion of gold and silver varied , bolh
metals without limit were at that time
in use as money somewhere , and hence
il made practically no dtlTorcnco in the
value of coined money whether both
kinds circulated equally in every coun
try or whether ono country used moro of
ono and loss of the other. All there
was of both metals was in circulation ,
and all there was of both metals was po-
lonlially money everywhere. Bimetal-
ism consists in the rlghl lo use both
molals for money. ( See facts about sil
ver. ) The above fact Is a snlliciont
answer lo Mr. It's question at the close
of paragraph 8. There was no discrim
ination about either metal. Coinage
was free and any ono havintr bullion
could talco it lo the mint and have it
made into monoy. So , no matter what
form Iho molal was in , it was potentially
money. , .
Mr. RosowatorquQlos historical statis
tics in the mosl appalling and reckless
manner. I can only explain his fearful
misstatcmenls in ' regard lo silver coin
age by supposing that ho has accepted
the worlc of some inaccurate author as
authorily , and copied il vorbalim with
out nny Investigation as to its reliabil
ity. 1 note a few ( of his inaccuracies.
My authority is the tUnited States Stat
istical Abstracl , ii.ivork prepared under
Iho diroclion of , the secretary of the
treasury and pubisicd ) ) by the United
States. The coinage statistics in this
work are compiled , from reports of
directors of the mjuls from Iho passage
of Iho coinage law , until the present
year , and are oflleiaT and authentic :
In paragraph ,8io ) savs , "tho .total
coinage of silver dollars in 1S50 had
been $17,500 ; in 1831 , $1,300 ; in 1852 ,
$1.100. "
The facts are thai in 1850 Iho coinage
of silver dollars was $1,8 ( > 0,100 , and of
minor coins , 814,107.50 ; in 1851 ,
Iho coinage of silver dollars was $774-
397 , and of minor coins , $09io.43 ( ! ; ; in
185'2 the silver dollars coined wore $ i)99- )
410 , and of minor coins , $50,030.94.
Isn't it strange , also , that in staling
Iho gold coinage for ono of Iho same
years Mr. Rosewaler should be correct1 !
In paragraph 10 Mr. Rosewater accu-
mulalcs quite a number of Ihoso inac-
c ura to slalomonts. Ho says "from 1792
lo 1805 Iho total coinage of silver dollars
lars in the United Stales was $1,439,017 ,
or $110,732 a year. "
The fad is that in the period named
there were coined of silver dollars
$1,701,011.20 , and of minor coins $178-
973.47.
Mr. Rosewater says "from 1805 to 1835 ,
during a period of thirty years , not a
single standard silver dollar , or any
olhor silver dollar , was coined in Iho
Uniled States. "
The fact is that in Iho period named
inclusive , Ihoro wore coined $41,372,0 ( > 7
in silver dollars , besides several mil
lions of minor silver coini which wo
huvo nol lakon Iho Iroublo lo compute.
Mr. it. says , "in 1830 only'1,000 stand
ard silver dollar : , were coined.1'
The fuel is that in 1830 S30,100 ( ! ( ! in
standard silver dollars , and $23,100 of
minor silver were coined.
Mr. R. says , "in 1837 and 1838 the
United States mints did not coin a single
silver dollar. "
In those two years the United States
mints coined $4 , 12i,2 ) < )3 in silver dollars
and $110,285 in minor coins.
Mr. R. says , "in 1839 only 300 silver
dollar ; , vvcro coined , ' *
The fact is thai in 1839 $2,209,778 in
silver dollars were coined.
Mr. R. says , "from 1810 to 1857 Iho
lotal coinage of silver dollars was
$1,328,8 3. "
The fact is , Hint in that period , in
clusive , there were coined $57,772,72(5. (
Again , says Mr. R. , "In 1858 not a
single silver dollar was coined. "
Tlio fact is that in 18'.8 $8,495,370 in
silver dollars WIIH coined , besides $240-
000 in minor coins.
Mr , R. says , "from 1859 to 1873 the
total coinage of silver dollars aggregated
* 5,28o.io8. " ; . „ ; ,
The fact is thai fill Iho above period ,
inclusive , there wcro coined in silver
dollars $27,043.rJi7' :
Again , s-iys Mr , Rosowalor , accumu
lating all the nbovo little tornadoes in
one grand cyclone of inexactness , "tho
total coinage of slim- dollars from 1792
to 187 ! ! , covoringWi period of eighty
years , was only * 8,05 1,838. "
The fact is aocordjiig to the unim
peachable ollluiail' authority I have
quoted , thai in lh § ( period named Umro
were coined of sllvor dollars $ I17,5'ID- '
897. and many , many millions of minor
sllvor coins , which I have not taken tlio
trouble lo compute.
"Falstis in uno , fulsu-i in omnibus. "
The whole fabrib * f falno deductions
on which Mr. Rosewater bases his state
ments which provo not lo be facts falls
to the ground with his facts ,
lam ama/.ed tnat u man of Mr , Rose-
water's penetration should bo led into
such inuxcuab o hiumlerj. But thu
fact is that tlio war on si ver from Its
inception to the prcsuul lime , has been
based on unbound tlnanclal theories and
bolstered up by tie | most unscrupulous
falsehood * . Mr. R h is chiton the sldu
of the stronger ii ( the Ught , and then
accepted without , Inquiry HID false prin-
eliK ) > j and f.ilnu btatemonu put out by
that bldo.
In paragraph 1 1 Mr. Ko-wvator ap
peals to congressional hiitory , and
denies that the doinonoti/.ation of silver
was the result of a coinplrio } In the in-
turo < .t of money loaiiuin. I ask Mr. R.
if it Inn * not been claimed through all
tins controversy that nilvur was demon
etized because it , was growing cheaper ,
and becoming on that account umU for
nionqy ? I nsk him If , at the tlmo the
flpst bill was introduced striking the
dollar from the lisl of American coins' ,
sllvor had in fact depreciated nt all In
the markets of th& world ? Ho knowa
very well thnl U had nol.
Mi * . R. Is rather ohary of his refer
ences to the history of domonotlzallon ;
bill as fur as ho dips into U his facts are
as tJohHlve as his llguros wore , mislead
ing. Ho says , "in that period * *
John Jay Knox rccommonded to congress -
gross , " etc. ( See paragraph II ! . ) 1 pro
pose to give some explicit points in the
history of that law. January 0 , 1808 ,
John Sherman introduced a hill In re
lation to the coinage of cold tind sllvor.
This bill , in section 2 , discontinued the
coinage of sllvor dollars. It also made
foreign gold coins which conformed lo
certain conditions ot woighl and line-
ness legal lender In all payments what
soever. This bill failed lo become a
law , and was followed by Mr. Kuox's
bill , introduced in the .senate by Mr.
Sherman December 19 , 1870. This bill
passed Iho senalo January 10 , 1871. Il
domonollzod sllvor by omitting the dollar
lar from the llsl orcotun. May 27 , 1872 ,
Ibis bill was passed by llio house and
sent to the senate * Tlio fact that this
bill demonoti/ud silver was not devel
oped In the house , and the bill was
passed under a suspension of the rules ,
without debate and without being road.
The dobaloa about it and tiio manner of
ils passage show conclusively that it was
passed by a conspiracy , and thai only
Iwo or lliroo momboVa of Iho house
know its actual provisions. As "foreign
bond holders and money loanors" were
the only ones to bo benotltod by its pas
sage , il is fair to conclude that they
wore Iho ones who promoted it.
In Iho sonalo , December 10 , 1S72 , Mr.
Sherman reported tbo bill from the
committee on litmncc. It was again up
January 7 , 1873 , and January 17 , 1873.
February 0 it was considered by a eon-
foronco committee. February 12 it was
agreed to by oacli house , and approved
by General Grant llio same day. ( See
Congressional Record. )
No quosliona had been raised In oilhor
house upon Iho limitations of Iho legal
lender of silver nor upon the stoppage
ot the coinage of bilvor dollars. The
owners of gold bullion might deposit it to
any extent to be coined into legal tender -
dor currensv. The owners of silver bul
lion could deposit it to bo coined into
trade dollars or bars ! .
Tlio proof that up to February 12,1873 ,
there had been a conspiracy is found in
Ihe subsequonl fact thnl after the silver
unit had been declared by thai law lo bo
a nonentity , a clause was smuggled into
the revised code ot 1874 without the
knowledge of any man who dares avow
hib consciousness of it. Tlio acl adopt
ing the code was passed Juno 20 , 1874.
The following clause , which had no ex
istence in any act which had passed
prior to December 1 , 1873 , nor subse
quent thereto , was surroptiliously inlro-
duced into the revisal , vix :
"Sec. 3oSO. Tbo sllvor coins of the
Uniled States shall be a. legal lender al
Ihoir nominal value for any amount not
exceeding $5 dollars in any ono pay
ment. "
Thus was a conspiracy by which the
silver dollar was thrown out of our list
of coins and its legal tender quality de
stroyed , accomplished. John Sherman
in tie ) senate and Mr. Hooper _ of Massa
chusetts in the house were in the con
spiracy and know all Ihe contents of the
bills.
Mr. Roscwator's slaloment lhal Iho
cry ayainst demonetization of silver was
caused only by the decline of silver , is
rofulod by Iho fael lhat it was nol until
1870 that it became generally known
that silver had been demonetized. lean
prove'this'b'y presidential messages and
proposed legislation and dobalcs in con-
gioss , did limn permit. It took many
years for the people to realize Iho fraud
that bad been perpetratedand tlion pub-
lie clamor compelled its partial romone-
lizalion.
I dismiss the question of mint charge.
Il is immaterial who pays it. .It is of
vital importance thai coinage of the
precious metals to unlimited , and that
both bo on thu game basis , If thn coinage -
ago of silver bo unlimited its price will
bo llxod by llio mini valuation. If it is
limited the part excluded from coinage
may bear ti different price. To coin
simply the American product would
leave silver for Indian export to bo lixed
by Biitish council bills as at present.
In paragraph thirteen Mr. Rosewater
admits lhal the first decline in silver
was in 1871 , ono year after its domono-
lizalion. The parlies who Itad insti
gated the conspiracy againsl silver know
all Iho facts. Us decline was caused b\
ils demonetization. If its use as money
had not boon destroyed it would never
have declined. Gold , notwithstanding
the Australian nnd California discover
ies , always maintained its market value
at par with ils coinage value for the
simple reason that its coinage value
lixod its market value , as it would of
sllvor today if coinage was free and un
limited.
Lot mo stale lioro ono or two imnor-
tant facts on which there is widespread
misapprehension. The United Status
domouoti/ed failvor first , by act of Feb
ruary 12 , 1873. 'rho act of Germany in
1871 did not demonetize silvor. On July
9 , J873Gormany decreed the hinglo gold
standard , after the example had boon
sot by this country.
Mr. Rosowalor , in his conclusion ,
claims that silver was "struck down"
( demonetized ? ) by nature , "by Iho great
law of demand and bupply. " 1 mipposo
ho might have said ' 'providence , ' and
expressed the same moaning ,
Now if I show thai Iho demonetiza
tion of silver was against tlio natural
law of supply and demand thai in spite
of Iho increased production of silver Iho
material for money was diminishing in-
Htead of increasing , and Unit lhal de
crease has continued and been inton&i-
lied lo this day , 1 shall have won Iho
contention on Ibis point ,
In 1873 our gold product was dimin
ishing. For Iho term of seventeen
years , from 18ii ( to 1872 inclusive , the
producl of our gold mines was $809,7.00-
000. For Iho lorm from 1873 to 18S9 in
clusive , it was only , $ < ! 09,775,0)0 ! ) , a do-
oroabo of about $200,000,000. Our in-
tToaoo of production of silver al 1873 had
not nearly compensated for our loss in
gold , to say nothing of increased re-
qultomont for money by increased pop-
u.atlon , agriculture and manufactures.
Oar production of gold lias gradually
douroabod since 1873 , though thu do-
croaao itnot * so marked as between 'M
and'7J. Our lucre IHO of silver produc
tion since ' 73 has been great , but not
anything like our increase in population ,
manufactures and agricultural products
the increase which demands moro
mono * to ulTect our exchanged. Our
silver product in 1873 was $30,000,000.
In ' 89 it was ? ( MM ( .000. This is an in
crease of only $28,010.000 to olTsul a de
crease of 42(10,000,000 ( in gold , or an ac-
tu il dot'i'o.'iho of money metal of over
* 170,000,000.
In the period between 1873 and 1890 wo
have nearly doubled our population.
Wo have " increased our production of
pig iron" from 1,000,000 to 7,000,01X1 tons ;
our iron and steel from .r > 00,000 lo 1,300- .
000 tourour ; cotton from 3,000,000 to
7.00J.OOO bales ; our wheat from 2SOIOII'- ' )
00 ! ) to r > 0l,000,000 ) bubhuls ; our corn from
039,000,001) ) to ovcr-to 2,000,090,000 bush
els ; our petroleum from 7,000,000 lo 21-
000,000 barrels ; our ougar from 12o,090-
OU ) to 287.0011,000 pounds ; our railroad *
from 7(100. ( ) to 107,000 miles ; our lior.se- >
from 0,000,000 to 11,0110,090 ; our cattle
from 1(1,000,000 ( to 3(1,000,000 ( ; our bwlno
from 32XJ,000 , ( ) to 60,000,000 ; our cereal
crops from * ! HK,000,000 ) to $1,600,000,000
in valuo. And so on nnd so forth ad
inllnltum , through the whole list of ex
changeable products.
When It is remembered Ihnl all pri
mary exchanges arc made with .actual
monov , and thai our producers and
debtor classes are paying1 today for the
use of credit monov which is indispen
sable to do Iho business ot Iho country
at the rate of $9 for every dollar of
metal and paper money in existence ,
and when it Is understood thai Iho price
of all produced wealth is llxed by money
volume , the extent of the crime that
' 'nature , " or providence committed
when it "struck down" silver may bo
faintly appreciated.
Unloading national sins on providence
is convenient. Its Impropriety comes
homo to us only when wo discover that
providence refuses to pay the penally.
The Slandard OH company , tlio railroad
pools , the foreign land syndicates , may
all , under Mr. Rosowator's bunlgn phi
losophy , come to bo accepted as provl-
denlial inllictions.
11 nine rnr.ViMlVomm. ) .
On Wednesday , January U" , at" p. m. the
quarterly meeting of thu Nebraska Homo
for aged people will bo hold nt the Young
Men's Christum Association halt. All are
tnvllod to attend. KmL. Kiuroii ,
Hccordlng Secretary.
jVo fOJt/ adver
tises that his blood
inodlcino doesn't '
amount to much.
They ro nil of
.them "tho best. "
' Hut there's only
one of them thius
good enough to
rj\inr \ < tntcf and
that is Dr. I'icrco's
Golden Medical
Discovery. With
that , If it falls to benefit or euro , in nny case ,
you have your money buck.
It's a medicine that cures , in nil diseases
caused liv a torpid liver or Impure blood.
It's not like the Kirsaiinrilla.shlcH claim
to do good In March , April , mid May. All
thoycar round , with equal benefit , it cleanses ,
iavigornUw , and builds up the entire system.
If you'ro ' bilious , " run-down , " or dyspeptic ,
or baltering from any blood-taint orilkonlor ,
that's tbo mcdicino you need. For tlio worst
forms of Scrofula , and in the mo t Ktublioni
Skin ami Seal ] ) Discox-s , such its Snlt-rlionm.
Tetter , Eczema , Erysipelas , nnd all kindred
ailments , nothing can equal it as a perfect
and permanent remedy. The genuine sold
for $1.00. Bowaru of spurious ! imitation *
or dilutions , offered nt le&s prices.
JVO OTHER
LEAVES A DKIJCATE AND LASTING ODOR
For salobrnlinruK and Fancy Goods Dcalcm or II
nnnblo to procure thin \rnnderfkiliiouti. euudSKt
In stumps and rocclvo a cake by return mall.
JAS. S. KIRK & CO. , Chicago.
SPECIAL Stmnrtnn HMlaViTU ( the riopulnt
Society Walu ) pt'ntKItKi : to anyone BonclliiK u
hruo wrappers ol Sliiuulon lloila Buuu.
VETERiliARYSPEClFICS
Tor Horses , Catile , Sheep , Dogs , Hogs ,
AND POULTRY.
ffOOrncLIlnokonTifiiiincnl nl Viiliiinl
anil Oliari Hum 1'rco.
cuiirnj Fi'vi'rMiiiiii-fllloiiH. Iiilluiniiiailon
A.A.fM.lllill .UfiiiiiuiliH , .Milk l'f\i-i :
II.II. SiraiiiH , l.iniifiifHM , Uliruiimlinin.
or ( irnliNViirnin. .
r..i-- : ( ' < iiiL'liM , llviix'N , I'lii-iiinnuln.
I'MCollr or ( iripcn , llcll > nchr.
II. II. Urinary mid Kidney
J.l.--irilpli : > ( ' IllHIMINPH , .llllllL'C.
J.K.--liHViiNi- JlluvH
SliiRlo Uottlo ( o\cr SO doses ) , - - .00
bluliln C'nHO , "Illi SK | > clllr . MnnuAl ,
VettTlnnry Cure Oil nnil JleUlcntor , S7.0O
Jar Veterinary Cure Oil , - - 1.00
Hold It ; ! lrtilMl | | or trnt impftlil AnyHbrro < ] In anf
qiiiiilllj' < in nrflpt of frlre.
linil'IIIIHS'JIMI. ( O. , Ill * IISMllllnmSt. , XfwTorl.
HTJMPHEEYS1
HOMEOPATHIC
_ _ _ SPECIFIC No
In uae 30 ) < . Tlio onljr tuccexful remedy for
Nervous Debility , Vital Weakness ,
nnd I'roitration , from ovnr-work or oilier causa * .
91 Ptr vial , or & vials and Urea vial powder , lor S.
hol < l l > j lniXFUIi , r 0enl | > uitiMMon | ieruli | | of price.
JIl'lil'llllKYS'Jini. (0. , Ill A113NIMIti.M.\e lotk ,
For Suffering Women.
DR , MILES'
Restorative
NERVINE ,
CUIIKS :
Sleeploeanofp ,
Nervous ProBtra-
lion , eiclt nml ner >
venn licaJacbe ,
fitsetc.
After four years
treatment hy tlm
I > c6t doctors In
the land , but without any relief , hMn used yoni
Nervluo for ono week ami lm u not had on attacl !
Binca. llumiU HIIACU * . Henthville , 1'a. Your Nor-
vine liaa cured mo completely f or nervous troubles ,
J.M.TiYMiii. Lotlv.O. Trial bottla free drUKgleta
DR. MILES HEDIOAL Co , Eilclmrt , tod.
KOI Haiti by Kiilin ft Co. , IMIi and Douglas ,
rlnK III mliirt , lioily .nut piirso from JHIUNK-
.hHor IHI'r.o.MA.S'IAcnillPO .u rely , niffly
ami > | ifrdlly cured by \jonileriul ntnr ojiucllli
CHLORBOGOLD !
No mnttiT wliotlicr tlio iiorunn Isn niddprntn or
"iiorliiilldil" ilrlnktir or n ' 'tulul wreck , " C'lll.O-
KlOUUI.It ile > lr y iilliii | | > i.tll rcriM Inic
r r iilciiliollti ilinuluiil * without liiinn or In-
conmiluncu. nnil u un > the lutlonlnutr llio iimi
lm | > | Miif s. Ik'lMK lititolrm It lun lie ulrvn by n
frluml In ten , totTi'o. luuionailo , K'flr , liquors , or
food without llio pallciit'd kniiwliulk'ii , or It ciin bo
tnkun by tlio iintli'iit In the tmmo ll'iuliK ' with a
iniunintco of ubimluto tiucvirMiiiiil n rudlrat cure
III t'lllu'r ' rn o. JIunilriMlHof curort have been nimlt )
with I'lIl.OHIOUOI.lt In llllnolB iilmin. I'rlm
wltliliin-iicliof ull.oiily 'J. C'll I.OHIO I I.I >
can lie Imil fifo'i r uurnta lit * avut i n lul | < l liy
tin. 1'iuuiihlotn fiiriilHhci ! IriMi. All rtnrri'Mionilonro
riintliliinllnl. Jll A II 1C 1 1) CM KM I ! A I , CO. . Holu
rro | > riotorn for the I ) . H. , ! V 3 Hourborn tit. , Cl
r0rt 8AI.B IN OMAHA. NED. , UV
Kuhn A Co. , ( Vi.r IMIi & IimiiI M *
J A I'liltcr tt Co , Cor. Mill A IKniKlm fiu.
A , It , I'wHT 4 Co , Council Illuffn , la.
DIL K. P U'IMTrt NKIIVK AND IIHAIN TIIKA ! '
MK.MT , asiK-clHofiir llyjterln , IHnlnun , Klt , Nou-
rilvl.1 , llenilncliu , Ni'rrom I'runirntlon cnu oit by al
cohol or lobncx'uVukufulnen. . Mental l > | irui lon ,
HoUunliiv of the llruln , cauilMK infinity , misery ,
iltciijr , death , I'nnuuliiru Old A lie. llurruunosi , l.o.l
of J'owur In tillbcr tux , linputuitcy , I uuiorrhouii atiU
nil rcnmloVu.iknettai , Involuntary l-oin-s , hpor-
inatorrliuoa vanned by ovur-oxertlon of tha brain ,
Hulf-utU Li , ovor-lndulKcnoj. A < nunli' | < treatment
f I , li for f'i , by mullVii Uuarantuu K l.mei ID
euro Knnli onler fnrllbuioi. wlthli will end itrll
ten KUnriintoo t'J ' refund If not cured. Ounrnntmii
Imuod unlr by A Krhroter , UruifChu. tola avoiit * . a.
K , tor. Ibtli nml rorimtn u. , Onmlin , Neb.
A HKNUINK MlfltUIIK KII.I.KIlTt'lairuVuKUtf
KHAIIR'ATOU-Hurti all detuatui bvcjutn Itkllli
the nilcrubooriivrm I'ut upn.ul retailed In U.f Jnn'l '
li ; ie , llin lallur 14 1/Hlloni. Hunt miynlieru pro-
pnld on rorclpt uf jirUu or ( O I ) Wulnuo a tfu r-
antuo to euro The public trulo iinrt lobiiuri > up
tilled by llm Klni IT Unix ( 'unipnny. Unnlm ; ( ! , A
Mi-Ichor , Howard Muyomnil K I' . Hsyk r . Honth
I'niahiii ' A I ) KoKlurumt II J , Kllli , IXiuncll Illuiti
u'ft llomvdy for ( aiarrn U ihe
1'iut , Kiulutt lo Uta , anil Clienpeit ,
Kohl by rtrtwlitu o : > opiil by mall ,
We. E. T. Uucltlue , Worreu , i'o.
Sciatica
Promptly Cured.
* . NKIA. . NOT. flth. IK ) ) .
AlxMil Itio intilclle of AnK'iist tlm writer
wns proMrntrd wlih KM acute attack of
Sclutlca. For two inniillm ws > conrcrly
* blo t < > nnlk nrrt > ! > Ilio room without us-
fl ! nnu > ; llio pnln wns Intolerable. The
muni rcmcilleMmlr cn\o temporary rcllff j
Ivc AIIIO nlHitit dlftnmritprd , A frUmlwhn
limlUltril , and liftn treated for rheuma
tism at Kxrrlrlor Spring. nihlted me ( a
K\\o \ tlio ttntors n trial. 1ml PO , remaining
nt Tlio Kim * clitivn ( Injx. drinking Iho
Sulplm Saline nnil llrcrnl Waters' , taking
Iml unit mlphur l > alln ilally.
In one week llio pain miiwldcd ; frtim
Hint ttmi' on lm\e Improved rnphlly , pilii.
lti | ! Mretictli e\ery ilny , Walked ntmut tlio
low ti niui o\er I lie Mirroumlltig lillls of
Kxcelrior bprlni : .
Am convinced that persons nOHctcd
with Any typn of rlicumallMn , will bo
urcatlv lotirrtlril ) , If not roinpK'Ifly cured
hyjhrwalcrdof IUrcllorSprlnf . Scarce
ly can lee miirli lie rtlil In pratte of tliu
waters , Tlio KlniB u ml their delightful ir
rounding * .
( Signed )
Tht water * art Mtltrf only by ttit"j
for fjirtngt Comixiitv at
Excelsior Springs
for Ifntf I' M. Missouri
Blchardson Drug Co , , Agts , , Omaha , Nsb ,
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Harper's Magazine
FOll FKJIIIVAKY.
Ohio 3 go The Main Exbib t.
Ily JULIAN ItAt.i'ii. SlmnliiK tli'ii olty 111 It
will npi oar to visitors Ui tlio Columbian Kx-
position.
From the Black Fv roat
lo the Blnok Sou.
I'.irt I. Ily I'nn.TM'.Y UHIKI.OW. With twet
ty-ono Illiistuillims from Primings by Al.i"-
1IKII J'AIISONS llllrt 1' . 1) ) . Mll.l.KT.
Niyrht in Vonio.
A I'opiu. Ity .IOIIN IIv. . With ( frontl iiloco )
llliiHtriitlon by W. T. SMKIH.KV.
Old Shipping Moro' : mi's of Now York
Ily ClhontiK W. SIIIII.DON With Thlrtooti Il
lustrations l > y C. 1) ) . HIIHON.
Atho wold. A Play.
Hy AMIIH : ; KIVKS.Vltli PRht llliisir.itloni
Tno Little Mnld ut the Door.
A Story of tlioSiilom Wltclicruft. llv M.inv K.
WII.KINS. Illnstraloil by llow.viii ) I'VI.K.
The Royal Dan'sh Thont-o.
By WILMAM Aituiirni. With N'lnu Illustrations
Mario.
A Ciimullnii llabltnnt Sketch. IlyVniiAM
.Mcl-KNNAN' . lilustrntod by C. H. Iir.iMi.vuT.
"A Skin for a Skin. "
Hy JULIAN KAI.PII. With Tuolvii Illustrations
by riiKDi'.uiu UEMIMIIO.N. Tliu roiiinntla
story of the Hudson Hay I'lir-trmlliin Com *
puny.
Perjonal Rocollco ions of
Nathaniel Hawthorno.
Second junior. Hy HnitATio itiiilidK , U.S.N.
Fill do Sicclo.
A Story. Ily UOIIIHT : C. V. MKVKIIS.
The Stone Woman o'Eastern Fo'nt.
A I'ociii. Hy EMZAIIKTII PTITAIIT I'IIKI.I'.H.
An Introduction.
I'ull-I > ao Illiiatinlton Ily Ginmn : : uu MAU-
nuit :
Edltor'al Dopnr mo its
unmlticti-d , as usual : Uitito ' * / ' ( ! ) / f'lmlr. by
CKOIKII : WILLIAM Cl'inis ; Killtin't Sliulu , ny
WILLIAM DIM.V llouin.i.s ; Killtai'n Dinner
by CIIAIII.KS DUIH.KV WARNKK.
Snfmui-ljHIon 1'rtce 9-1 OH a IVrrr.
HARPER & BROTHERS , PUBLISHERS ,
NEW YOHK CITY.
FOR
FEBRUARY
Coi.tnliift ;
HOW TO ATTACK THE TARIFF ,
Dy tlio HON. WM. M. SPniNGEIl ,
Cluiirm'in otlit ! Pfry nnil J/funi Committee.
A Claim for American Literature.
llvV. . CLAKIC Uussui i. ,
Can Our Vatlon.it Ihnk ) lie Maile Sifcr !
llv TIIK Cotirritoi i KK OFTIIU CUKKKNCV.
Firts on Trans-Atlantic. Steamers.
HVIIIK Ki. Hun. KARL Die I.AWAIIK.
Tlic DiityunJneniryot Knsbiul In India.
llv hiu Euwm AIINOIII.
TAMMANY HALL AND THE
DEMOCRACY ,
BYTHCHON.RICHAflD CROKEn.
A IVnloiis Diisin'si nml tlic UcmcJy ,
lv ) nut MOM. JIiiMiY CAIIUI I.ODnu.
Railway Accident ] , IlY II. U. I'IIOUT.
The Opera , llv Kuiiiiiii C. STAKTOH.
Lotteiiri , llv ANTIIONV CoMsroCK ,
THEOLYMPIAN RELIGION- ! .
By the Rt. Hon.W. E. GLADSTONE.
i 'Hie I'lourof tlic Kuturr ,
llv IVKASTUS Wll.tAlt.
Jews in the Union Army.
llv STrriii-N S. WISE.
Anil oilier Article u ,
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Le Francais.
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liillIT/ : & l. < > , NVeiit .MiniIn.n . hijui r' , Now York ,
AN ACHING
BACK
There Is mi
known icmuly
that eiuakl |
WOOD'S
PENETRATING ineiely It IS not an
Improvement on or *
pi ACTCD dlnarj iwroui i.las-
I.rtv9 I tr ten , II Is a revolution
In plasters , Wood's U the only plaster
having ( Hiwcr tu dilate the porn and
penetrate to the teat of piin.
EOII ) DV DRUGGISTS
liVKRYWIIHKIi
N.Y. Depot , 93 William St.
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DOCUTAS cAitului | pruHrlhod by
rt'ifiilur | ibyl.liiiu for tliu euro of
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