Nebraska Newspapers

    8 OMAHA DAILY BEJB , , MONDAY AUGUST ai , JL
WORKED THE TALKING KEY ,
Patriotic .Services .of the United States
Militiry Telegraphers.
HOW THE GREAT CORPS WAS ORGANIZED ,
A TrIlMito to the Ilrnvory , Illicit ! ynnd
Skill With WlilohThcy DlHulinrKcd
th'o Dangerous Duties or
Ihelr Culling.
The following Interesting nnd valuable ad
dress on the formation and services of the
United .States Military Telegraph Corps was
delivered before the organl/atlon nt the annUal -
nUal meeting In Washington on the tilth lust ,
by the worthy president , Mr. W. K. Plum , of
New Vork ,
It will bo found full of Information nnd
rend with Interest by both civilians nnd the
hardy veterans to \ \ honi thu corps are stiuh a
viilnnblo auxiliary ,
Comrades Having hold our reunions In
Niagara Talk. Chicago , Hi. Louis , New Vork ,
Cleveland , I'hlltulelplila , Louisville nnd
Kansas City , wo now meet at the great civic
and military hu'idqnartors of the nation , In
ninny respects the most beautiful city on the
continent.
Front this standpoint It behooves ns to takn
n cursory view of the rise and dismissal of
our corpa , whose splendid example In war
ciusod all the governments of civilisation to
engraft u like service as a part of their army
systems.
When , on April 12. 1801 , the cannon In
Charleston harbor cemented the confederacy
nnil unwittingly sealed the de ith warrant of
disunion and the only potent object for It ,
the telegraph resounded the echo northward
beyond the great lakes and westward beyond
the plains.
In three days after Oio call for T.I.OOO union
troops , fully lOU.UW were prepared to
respond.
Iloston commons contained troops from va
rious parts of the Htnlo the night of the llrst
day , nnd Pennsylvania fori-os reached till *
city at 7iO : : n. in. Apill IT llalttniorn was In
the hands of a Recession mob. Harper's Perry
was ruptured the IDIh , The K.IIIIO day the
lltulimond wires weio cut , thus severing all
southern connection except via Kentucky ,
whoso lines were Intact until September.
April 21 Philadelphia was cut oir , and the na
tion's caplt.l became the object of Intense
solicitude.
The enemy having destroyed portions of the
railroad and telegraph between Washington
and llaltlmore , Thomas A. fc-eott called to his
uld Airnrow Carnegie Hist , nnd shortly after
' Jtyld Stiotiso , I ) . II. Hates , S.tmnel M , Hiown
Klehard O'Drlcn. nil from the I'ennsyl-
11 railway , fur the purpose of operating
thu ralliond from llaltlmore to Washington.
These telegraph experts were the llrst In the
federal service , and unwittingly , by morn de
velopment , formed thu nucleus , In this vlcln-
Itv. of the army telegraph corps whichduring
the war , constructed Ij.lisj miles of military
telegraphs nnd Rent G,5)lOCO ) ) telegrams.
The llrst military line over constructed on
the Ameiicnn continent was built In April ,
18'JI , connecting the war dep irtment with the
navy yaid , and though now lines woru con
stantly being bulit hereabouts , yet for the
first bovon months of tliu war the American
Tologiaph conip my , under the ptesldency of
K S * . banfonl , advanced neatly every dollar
( upended In their construction and operation
In eastern Virginia , Maryland und the Dis
trict , The other nucleuses worn organising
about Wheeling and St. Louis also , without
| wariantof law.
It , Norls this sin prising , for cxcont , perhaps ,
fin untried eorps In Germany , no army system
In the world embraced a tolegrunhlc depart
ment. Kvcn onr signal nurvlro employed but
ono man , who did not roach Washington from
the Indian country until June.
Tims was the great civil war Inaugurated ,
nnd McDonoll moved to defeat at Hull Kuii ,
leaving his nearest telegraph olllces at 1'alr-
fn\ court house and HiiiUo's station. At the
tame time ( joncinl I'atteison was ne.ir Win
chester with no telegraph nearer than Har
per's Kerry ,
Had Generals Scott. McDowell and Patter-
ion been in constant telegraphic touch as they
might easl y have been , the b.Utlu of Hull
Kui would not have occurro.l In the absence
of Patterson's forces.
This llrstgreatdlsasterof the war strikingly
demonstrated the necessity of constant tolc-
Kr.iplile access to advancing armies , and
was In sharp contrast with the example pio-
vlously set In western Virginia where McOlcl-
InnwuBln constant tolegrniihle communica
tion us his army moved to vletoiy at Itluh
Mountain.
In Missouri. General Lyons' army was de
feated by superior forces at Wilson's Creek ,
about one hundred nnil twenty-five miles
from the nearest telegraph olllec , to which
courier after courier was dispatched without
avail forhiiccor , although troops were at hand
1 < > r"Hi\ve \ far less exposed points In the de
partment.
> v lion Ucncral rrcmoiit. took command of this
department one of his llrst moves was to or
ganize a tulegiapli battalion ami three com
panies v > cio partially or.-ant/ed. armed and
drilled for this special hot-vice , under the plan
of Major George II. Smith , the commander ,
contemplating the "use of the tolegiaph In an
emergency , to that time and expense may bo
saved , eueh operator to bo furnished with a
pocket instrument , to open communication
. from the Hold of battle or the maruh-
Ing army to lieaddtiartei.s , or elsewhere lu-
Htantly ; " but under thu clvie plan of Anson
Btagor. who In the meantime had been appoint
ed superintendent of .ill Dulled States mili
tary tolcgiaphs , with the rank of captain , by
order of the beeictury of war the batalllon
was disbanded after having constructed sev
eral bundled miles of line.
Henceforth , thu telegraph became an Indis
pensable adjunct to eaeh of our armies , and
every post , and In Its fuller development a so
of every army eorps and frequently of lessor
bodies.
The operators accompanic'd the troops In
every campaign and numbered , all told dur
ing the war , about 10) ) . They were sworn
Into tliu service , taking an oath substantially
_ , , , ns follows :
"I do solemnly swear that I will boar true
\i nlleglanco to the United Mates of America ,
und that I will support and sustain thu con
stitution und laws made In pursuance thoio-
of , ns thosuprcmu law of the land , anything
In anv state constitution or laws to thu eon-
traiy notwithstanding. That 1 will not take
up arms against the United Kates , orglvo aid
and comfort to the enemies thereof , nrto any
iitithnrlty or pretended authority
that Is or may hereafter bu on-
gaued In armed hostility thereto ;
null that 1 disclaim all fellowship with thu
so-called confederate states and confederate
nrinles. 1 do further BMonr that 1 will not ru-
veal to any person or persons the contents of
liny dispatch , repoit or other communication ,
either directly or Indirectly , that may como
to my knowledge through my connection with
thu telegraph , In any manner whatever. That
1 will not tovual orillvulgu to any person or
iiersonsiiny cipher that may bo given me for
United States military purposes ; and that I
faithfully keen and observe tills my
solemn oatli of scorn-y and allegiance to thu
government of the United Statesof America. "
The lolugruphcirt lu the various dopai tmcnts
were under the military orders of the commis
sioned olllcers , who were gt\un rank in mo
nimy solely In view of such u command. Not
one of them ever half any other duties
nsslgned to them. The oflluors weio Captains
llriich , Smith , llnlklcy , David , Whitney , Van
Duzer , I'uller. liross , ( illmoro , Olowry and
Lynch. Major 1'ekert and Colonel Stuor.
llrtich died of disease at Memphis ; Smith ,
David and HulKley loslgiiud and weio
mustered out : thu others , at the close of
the war veru "honorably mustered out of tliu
Burvlcu In thu armies of thu Uultcu Mutes"
with n brevet lieutenant lolonolcy oxeept
Btagur and l okort , who were brovuttcd bri-
ndlur generals , while tlm operators who had
lei iiu thu brunt ot thu service were simply
told to unit and go home. No discharge was
granted them ! not even a commendatory
eider was uver Issued by our own chief , and
now ut this late day. "lion over halt of our
comrades uro In tholr graves , although for
eight yearn wu have sought congressional ro-
ciunltlon , yotslx fmorahto reports upon our
bill from bcnuto and huubu committees on
military affairs declaring that wo are an In
tegral purl of thu army and should be recoc-
nUed as biich , Is as far as wo have progressed
In congtcbs ,
Thu house committee of the last congress ,
however. In Its exceptional ( ! ) wisdom , pre
sented usubstltutod bill which declared that
not bhould not bu construed as recognizing us
" , ns nart of the aimy.
, < t The reasons thu ommltteo reported why the
' \ ' bill should puss clearly justify thu former
. findings of tnootlier infllliiry committees ,
Among other things this committee re-
I ported wore ;
f "Tno men of such service were qt unusual
Intelligence and showed themselves posse.ssod
of u courageous spirit and indomitable piuclc.
. No men wlio nerved with the army khowuJ
themselves possessed of thcso trulls to a
greater degree. They put up their Instru
ments many times on the skirmish Unu and
frequently almost by the lines of battle. They
went with the advance and wore often the
last to leave tin abandoned position even
when It meant capture and Imprisonment.
Borne weio killed at tholr posts ot duty , nmnv
for life. * *
were wounded and crippled
I They > \oro niiido prUonors of war uud ex-
, ' chained for Important ollleurs. They were to
i n certain extent subject to a military orders ' ,
r but have never been ublo to claim a soldier's
* l reward , or bour an honorable title union * the
: nation's defenders. Bom * hold an assimilated
rank , but not the real rank ot olllvom. Tnolr
duties were Just us Important mid Just us
i
' faithfully performed us though thoyhad tiecii
: sworn Into the service of the United btutca.
t This committee gupp'tmioutod Its report
tj. with communications , ami the reports of thoM
M bouse committees pf tlnMhruo pro edlng oon-
- \ srosses , concodlna all tbut wan kalil In them ,
except where they tate that wo
fcoro an IntorKul . . part ot the
. . irmy. lu other wordi , thli oommlttea urged
Uiattba UoUuloal dbtluotloa Uotncoa our
legal and do fmto ntntUR should bo nresor-
veil , and because jtistlco was not done ) in
during the war , It nlioiild IHI done now. Hue )
narrowness Is Inexplicable In view of what
they said , und of the further showing t'icj '
mado. Thov report Adjutant General Drun
assaying : "Tho duties coaroipondod will
those of the signal men , the ono class com
municating Intelligence by telegraph , am
the other by signals with Hags anil lanterns 01
lights. " .
Also they qnoto Qunrtormaslor Oenora !
Slelgs' annual report of Ibill , tint "tho oper
ations of the nilllti.ry telegraph * * *
* * havi ) been conducted with fidelity
nnd skill , Thu operators have shown great
real , Intrepidity nnd fidelity. Their dotlei
are arduous , and the trust reposed In them u
great , I have pccn a telegraph operator In
charge of a station In a tent pitched from
ncros'lty In a malarious locality , shivering
with UKIIC , lying upon his camp cot , with hit
car near the Instrument , listening for the
messages which might direct or arrest the
movements of mighty artnh-s. NUht and
day they are at their posts. Thelrdntles con
stantly place them In exposed positions , and
they uro favorite objects of rebel surprise.
It Is much to bo desired that some mode of re-
cognising and rewarding thn bold , faithful
and most Important services of thcso gentle-
should bo provided. "
1'lie committee's exhibit of the reports of
thu committees of thu Forty-eighth , l''orty-
ninth and I'lfticthcongrrsscsshow the follow
ing statements , appioved by It : "Thu toports
ot the suciotary of war and the commanding
generals boar uniform testimony to their elll-
cloncy. Intelligence nnd patriotism. Their un
ties were purely mllltr-rv and were performed
with the same expouro to thu dangers of the
Held and d .sease as fell to thu lot of the ordi
nary olllcer and soldier. * * Hy thy olTorts
of thu personal friends , their history has been
collected , and It Is known that of the entire
number IV. ) were either killed , died of disease
or nero captured while In the line of duly. It
Is estimated that more than ono bundled oth
ers sulTorcd from the casualties of the service.
It was "organised * * * upon a quasi-
military basis ; * * * Us opoiatois were
aworn Into service. "
"fho services performol * * * were of
such Importance and elllclency that every
Kuropcan nation and our own govern
ment have since reorguuUed their
army systems so as to Include an
electric telegraph corps to perform the sumo
telegraph duties that wcro required of the
Un.ted Slates military telegraph corps In
question. In addition to their .strictly mili
tary telegraph service , the operators were *
* * the custodians of all cipher keys , and 10-
qulrud to put Into cipher and translate all
Important dlsp itches , and thus they became ,
and contli no i throughout the war , most con-
Mduntlal and trusted aides engaged In the
courier service. Iransmlttlng aboulslx million
dispatches. " Tholr IMX ) miles of field wires
"uoio ofl-tlmes worked on thu Held of battle
and under a heavy fire. ' Then follows the
commendations of some of the most promi
nent olllceis of the army.
This bill wjs put upon its passage without
( by reason of unforeseen events ) the knowl
edge of our committee on congressional ac
tion , notwithstanding our society at Kansas
City had repudiated It , and bo advlsod thu
house committee.
Thereupon 1 proceeded to this city , and
ho ng ably seconded by Cotnrauo SalTorJ , wo
liiul no dllllculty In securing an adverse re
port on th's ' bill , and a favorable ono on our
own from the senate committee , hut by an
oversight , consequent upon the pressure of un
expiring congress , the house bill was pre
sented with the report Instead of the ono ac
tually approved by the senate committee.
Uwing t-o this mistake , and the tow remainIng -
Ing days of congress , it was evident that noth
ing could be accomplished except the preven
tion of the passage of the house bill which
Senator ll.uvley , for whoso many kind ofllcps
wo should over foul deeply grateful , assured
us of. Such is the present sit nation.
Wo have established thu facts that wo were
sworn into the service ; that wo were exposed
to thu dangers Incident to the army in war ;
that our service was the counterpart of tli.it
of thu signal corps , which was honorably dis
charged and which lost far less In the casual
ties of war than we ; that we alone ot all the
army were entrusted with the cipher keys ;
that wo wore olllcors' uniforms by general
orders ; that 175 enlisted telegraphers were
permanently detailed or discharged from
their regiments to enter our service ; that the
war department discouraged the enlistment
of tolugraphcis in other branches ot the ser
vice and by general order prohibited their
conscription : that we unavalllngly petitioned
our chief during thu serviceto organize
us distinctively upon a military basis ;
that our oMicers alonu of our
corps were entered upon the army rolls ;
that wo were solely subject to military orders ;
that wo operated our wires upon the Hold ot
battle In every territorial department ; that
every Important cavalry movement wis ac
companied by ono or more army telegraphers ;
that In the great movements , especially from
the fall of IHIU. every section ot the armies In
near proximity to the enemy was kept , even
on the march , In constant Intercommunica
tion : that unparalleled facilitiesforconiniun-
icatlng with distant forces were provided by
us ; that thousands of lives ana millions of
treasure wore saved by the timely aid of the
cores ; that the War was shortened , perhaps
years , by coneentriuivo and co-ouuratlvauso
of the telegraph , wh.ch llrst declared victory
or defeat , the need of troops , of munition of
war , of quartermaster , commissary and med
ical supplies ; which patrolled the sua co ist
and the whole army front , keeping every post
and division in constant touch and , In on.er-
t'oncles.boattho "long toll , " to arms. Wo have
shown that the history of the war was thus
preserved on paper largely In the handwriting
ot the actors themselves ; that Its history is
the most authentic up to that tlmo lu the an
nals of war ; that our people In the north were
encouraged , stimulated and assured by hourly
reports , thus minifying to the least degree the
sad worrlmont that war brings to the lonely
hearthstones where p ironts , wives and others
prayed and lojolced or wept.
Ours was the mystic chord which alone en-
ublo I Grant to command a million men and
brought assurance and repose to many a com
mander , dur.ng all hours of the day and
night , for its operatives kept vigils night and
day In thu fort , In the tent , In the lonely
bivouac , on the ground , In thu malaria of the
ChicKahom nlcs , or thu Va/oos. In unpro
tected guerilla countries , and upon the battle
fluids ; always In posts of danger , but as ioero-
tlvo of conlidonUal trusts as are the bolts and
bars of the federal treasury.
Wo have seen our comrades shot down In
battle , torn to pieces by burled torpedoes , Im
prisoned in Llbby , Andersonvlllc , Uahaba and
other bastlles , where many died and others
bccamo helpless wrooks. Wo have seen thorn
In the delirium ot smallpox and other fever ,
een thorn at work whop weak and emaciated
by chronic dlarrhtua or other camp diseases
until the hospital or the grave brought relief.
Wo have been them In later years In the county
poor houses , absolute paupers , because there
was no poii'lon for them save what wo donated ,
and we now know that one-half uro In tholr
graves uuthanked and unhoiiorod.
Wo propose to go there also ijndamned by
Invidious pralsB rather than accept u certifi
cate of creditable sorvloo as camp followers.
The narrowness of the last house commit
tee's bill is the moio remarkable when wo
consider that tliu Grand Army of tin ) Repub
lic , representing 41 i.WJ survivors ot tliu urmy
and who ought to know , had already .solemnly
resolved that wo were a part ot the army and
as such should be rocognlrod.
This'was supplemented by the resolution of
thu Society of tliu Army of the Tennessee and
that of the Ohio legislatuio.
Thnio Is no question of congressional power :
It Is purely ono of legal recognition of an
actual status. Nor Is thoio any moneyed
uloa. for It Is simply ono of sentiment ; of beIng -
Ing placed In peace alongside those who In
war wcro und In po.ico aru glad to welcome
us.
us.Wo solicit no ponslon , nor bounty , nor fur
ther compensation. Ours Is not a raid upon
the federal treasury , but an Insistence upon u
do juio recognition of a do facto status.
In the light ot our soivices , exposures ,
do.iths , wounds , capture and Imprisonment- ,
HUll'urlngs and deprivations , all voluntarily
risked , boluly fiom patrlotlu Impulse , this
governmental silence , fur twenty-six years
touching the value and dangers of the corps
while Justly heaping nnparilleled thanks
giving and llmnk offerings upon our comrades
un the adjutani's rolls , ( s u htrlklng Illustra
tion ot tliu Ingratitude of icpublles as repre
sented In congresses where thanks originate
so largely through a ( ear of Individual lois , or
hope of gain ot constituent votes. Scattered
all over the Und of GO.UOaouu we have no power
but the liillnenco of u Just cause , rein forced liy
the testimony ot nearly half u million surviv
ing veterans , their great generals and tno re
ports ot the six military committees , them
selves porlmpa wholly composed of ox-oillcors
of the war.
Heath In reaping u rare harvest of our gal
lant witnesses. During thu last year It re
moved General Sherman , who wrote that ,
"Tho greater number worn distributed along
thu lines , hud to work day uud night , ami
weio as much upuitot the army as though
armed with muskets In the ranks ,
for before- the discovery ot the mag
netic telegraph the sendln : of messagus
back und forth , to und fro , was always done
by armed cavalry messengers und escorts con
suming u largo portion of the active army. In
luel there should huvo been In the civil war u
regular corps of telegraph operators with leg-
ultir muster mils so that thu nonnJcd and
disabled could bo entitled to the sanio pension
asolbor Stan'sjldlers und ollk-ers. "
It behooves us to take action upon his do-
inlso , as ono of our ritaunchoH friends and
greatest commanders. Among other wit-
noisot culled hence wo may note General
Grant who declared that "tho telegraph und
signal service , It * co-ordinate , woru IIH neces
sary to our success as thu railroad Is to com
merce. Nothing could bo more complete than
this body of bravo and Intelligent men. * *
The operators were assigned to particular
headquarters and never changed except tiy
special order * . The moment the troops wcro
put In position to go Into uamp , all thn men
connected with this brunch of the fcorvluo
would proceed to pufup their wlros. *
Thus , In a few minutes longer than It to.ik a
pllllo to walk the length of Its colltelegraphic
eoniniuiilcatlon would bo Directed between all
headquarters ot the nrniy. No or
ders over hml to bo given to
establUh the telegraph. " Also General
Sheridan , whoso testimony was that , "In my
own experience I found them ( military tele
graphers ) . Invariably active , bravo and hon
orable. " AUo General Logan who championed
our cause lu the soaate , ami who s'lld ; "No
part of tuo ruiy during the war discharged
Us duties more diligently nnd faithfully lliar
the telegraph corp . "
AIM ) , General McGlnllun , who testified , "I
do not think that anybody appreciates more
hluhly than I do the value of tlu > so sorvlcci
and the loyal and Invaluable devotion so con
stantly displayed by the men. I had ample
occasion to recoinlza the devotion to duty
which so often kept them at tholr posts In the
midst of danger ; the patience. Intelligence-
nnd thorough honesty I liny displayed , and
the great debt still unpaid ( I8ii ; ) and too llt-
tlu rocogniml duo thum by the country. I
sincerely trust that they iiiuy ructvo the re-
cojnltlon they so richly merit , nnd cannot
doubt that upon a inosculation of the case ,
congress will take fuvor.in.o action , "
Also , Oenorul Hiirnsldo , whoso ovldonoo
was ; "I have no hesitation In Haying that the
tnlogrupn corps was of luflnllu service during
the late war , and I urn free to say that I never
know a body of men who possessed innro In
tegrity , Industry and elllclency than the
operators with whom 1 was thrown. "
Also. General Warren , who wrote nf an
operator brlnelng his line anil operating his
Instrument within musket range of the enemy
under a heavy cannonade , and attain , of
another under a sevoto musketry lire , nnil
added : " 1 don't want to see the telegraph
operator In the war neglected , as far us I can
huvo anything to say. "
Also , General KranKlln. who recalled that It
was always a pleasant surprise to him within
an hour or two after a long day's march Unit
the wires wore brought to Ills iiuaiturs , thus
savliu thu lives and time of couriers and
horses , and giving a comfortable fouling of
security which would otherwise have b.'cn
"Tho dulle1) * * *
wanting , adding that )
were so well performed und the men them
selves so modest anil unobtrusive ttfiit their
merits have not received sulllelent notice
from the generals with whom they served. 1
know of no class of men In the urmy who were
more faithful and energetic * * * ,1 always
found thomalcrt , Intelligent and courageous "
Also , General Molgs , as hereinbefore shoun.
Also. Secretary Stunlon , who olllulally m *
ported that : "Tho military telegraph has
been of Inestimable value to the service , and
no corps has surpassed , few have equaled the
telegraph operators In diligence ami devotion
to their d ut es. "
General . ) . M. Sohoflo'd , at present In com
mand of the army of the United States , wrote
the chairman of the senate military commit
tee that "llurj Is no question. In my Judg
ment , that tliu poisons engiuod lu the mili
tary telegraph service duruu th'o late war deserve -
servo recognition for thu bravery , fidelity and
skill with which they dlsehargo-1 thulr duties ,
and that they slionnl at luist : receive u eer-
tllluato of recognition and honorable dis
charge fiom thosorvlce. * * * There would ,
I think , be no objection to namliu tno assim
ilated rank in tlioocrtllleatu of discharge If It
could bo fairly ascertained. Hut. in view of
the dllllculty which must bo encountuted In
any attempt to do this at th a lalo day. It
would probably bo better for the members of
the military telegraph department to bo con
tent with u ceitllicate of honorable , dlsuhuigu
In which should be mentioned the grade of the
horvlco in which oii"h was employed. The
War department could readily prop ire a foim
of ooitlflcato which would contain all that
etui reason ibly bo dcstrod. without attempt
ing to ( lolormfno relative rank. "
If to this convincing evidence we add that
of Ucnorals II.lyes.UosecransHanks. Sanborn ,
Haunt , rompto do Paris , Grand Army Com
manders Warner and Vca/oy and the ooclara-
tlonof 110 , 01 other llvliu veterans , that , the
corps "constituted , In fact , a part of the
union army , and partook Inrgoly ot its hard
ships and dangers while rcmlurliu Invaluable
aid , " and the congress "should promptly
recognise the status and service of the corps , "
which It has totally Ignored , though many
"were killed , wounded , or die I at their posts
of duty , " do wo not make a case that should
shame every congressman who falls to do
what ho can to secure for us an honuiublu dis
charge from the army , an I should we be con
tent with anything less ?
After waiting long in silence and lino-king
at the doors ot coiuress eight yoirs for some
sign of appreciation , shall we bit put olV with
a recognition that , classes us with thu army
sutler ; that debars entry into thuGrund Armv
of the Republic ; that wo cannot hand down to
our children as proof that wo wcro more than
hirelings with the army : that foi bids the gov
ernment from erection the usual headstones
ut our eravo and refuses our bones an Inter
ment among the nation's defenders ?
No , a thotisiin I times no. Hotter to "die
like a dull worm , to rot ; thrust foully Into
earth to bo forgot. " than accept fiom the
representatives of a gro it neoplo u long do-
furred and niggardly certlllcato that entitles
us to nothing , and on Its face expressly de
clares that out of nothing , nothlngshall como.
If it was Justice to make otllcurs of thosa In
command of us , unit honorably discharge
them with Increased rank , thicumonths extra
pay and transport itlon home , while wo who
bore all of the casualties of the service , ex
cept In Captain Hruoh's case , were dropped
from thn roils at our posts of duty unhonurcd
and unthankud , the query arises. Why , In
times of peace has our own government slnuo
established the military telegraph service as
a eo-onllnatu branch of the aimy. and why
iias every civilized government on the glebe
done the same thing ?
Hero In the capital of a united nnd loyal
nation lot us again resolve , us wo did last year
at Kansas City , that a discharge finm the-
army Is u slue qua nun to any acceptable cer
tificate.
The only radical euro for rheumatism Is to
eliminate from the blood the acid that causes
the disoaso. This is thoroughly effected by
the persevering use of Ayor's Sarsnpanlln.
Persist until cured. The p'ocoss may bo
slow , but the result is sure.
Till St. Clulp Tunnel.
TUo St. Gluir tunnel hits bean con
structed under the river of that name ,
at the foot of Lake Huron for tlio pur
pose of superseding the ferry bouts
which have hitherto convoyed the trains
of the Grand Trunk route ncross that
rivor. It will afford imtnonso advant
ages to passengers , and for froisrht traf
fic , in avoiding the inconveniences of u
ferry , in stiving two hours of time , and
in shortening the distance by about six
miles.
The actual tunnel itself under the
river is 0,020 foot long. It is lined
throughout with solid cast-iron
plates , bolted together in seg
ments each segment being five feet
long , eighteen inches wide and two
inches thick , with llanges live inches
deep , the whole lining weighing 28,000
tons. The bolts and nuts for connecting
the segments together weigh 2,000,000
pounds. The permanent way through
the tunnel is laid with stool rails weigh
ing 100 pounds to the lineal yard. The ,
interior diameter of the tunnel is twenty
foot , and ample moans have boon pro
vided for thorough ventilation , und for
lighting it throughout when required
by the electric light. The road is prac
tically level under the river , with approaches
preaches at each end on gradients of 1
in 50. The total length of the tunnel
and approaches is 11,551 ! foot. At the
ends of tjio approaches are junctions
with tliq Grand 'IVunk railway on the
Canadian side and the Glilcago & Grand
Trunk railroad on the American side of
the rivor. In connection with these
junctions ample ground has been leveled
and prepared , and shunting sidings to
the extent of ton miios have already
boon laid on each side of the rivor.
The tunnel was constructed by moans
of heavy wrought Iron shields , with
sharp odcos , fifteen foot tliroo inches
long and twenty-one foot six inches in
diamotor. Each shield was pu-jhod for
ward by 21 hydraulic rams , the burrol
of each ram being eight inches in diam
otor. with a stroke of little more than
eighteen inches. Each nun exorcised tt
force of 125 tons.
It is believed that the route as thus
improved will offer facilities for through
communication between Chicago and
all points In the east , which will be
appreciated by passengers and freight
ers. There will bo no moro trouble
from Ice-blocks or other obstructions In
the river , and the host time will bo
made for tratlle of all descriptions.
ifrom the date when the shields were
first lowered in poittion at the portals ,
to the mooting of the shields in the
tunnel , th time occupied in construct
ing the tunnel was twelve months.
The cost of the tunnel proper was
SI-100,000.
Jt.VIMtOIUl ) K.YUNINGS.
General .Mntinjrr llolilroiro'H Kcply t <
nir. Alfred Clnrk.
OMAHA , Auff. 29. To the Ktlltorof Tin
BIR : : in your Isuuo of the 2-Sth I notice i
reply from Mr. Alfred Clark , of Ornnt
Island , to my brief uoto recently published li
THE Bin. :
Mr , Clark quotoi my statement that tin
railroads of tbU stnto have not for sovora
years earned n reasonable rate ot Interest ot
actual value , anil ask "would Mr. Holdrego
bclnt , ' n gentleman of strict truth and vor
aclty , dnro to leave out the word 'vnltio' ' nm
substitute the word not 'cost' to the bulldon
and managers of the lines 1"
If Mr. ClnrU means the not cost of UK
physical proportion of railway companies Ir
this stale as originally built nnd the not cosl
of all permanent additions and betterment ;
since made thereto , I should not hesitnto tc
accent his amendment to my proportion , as
1 can prove my assertion on either basis.
My object Is to show the people of Ne
braska that under existing turlils , whlcli
make the cost of carriage practically uni
form on all roads In the state under like con
ditions , the owners of thesp propel ties are
not making reasonable Interest either on
tholr nctuul net cost , their actual value , ot
what It would coit to duplicate them today.
Manifestly Mr. Clark's Idea Is that because
"railways are declared bv the laws ami
courts to bo publlo highways" they bocomc
public property to the extent that the state
mis the ru'ht to determine their not cost to
the original builders or owners , and llx thu
revenue they may earn on that cost , regard
less of present vuluo , or the rights of their
stockholders. Does the state undertake to
establish the sanio rules In respent to farms ,
factories , mills and the numerous Incorpor
ated Industries In Nebraska ! Can Mr. Clark
eivo any valid reason why a farmer should
bo allowed to earn legal Interest on the pres
ent value of a form given him by the
government , and n railway company not
allowed to make the same earnings on the
present worth of Its plant without regard to
its original costi
Few candid an I fair-minded men would
deny that every r.illroid in Nebraska shoulu
bo allowed to earn upon Its aritual value a
rateof - interest equal to that authorized by
the state for the use of money. It is n rals-
guided and perverted publlo sentiment that
singles out railroad property for abusive
treatment , which would not bo toler.ilcd
for a moment In respect to other property.
If Grand island huilsaliUo.Mr. Osfnard , "Wo
will grant you a land and money subsidy If
vou will locate ana opprato there n boot
suinr factory , but wo shall reserve the right
to regulate your prices for sugar so that you
can earn only a fair return on the money you
actually put into the plant , tint ! if that money
cost you nothing , but came to you by Inherit
ance , you are to work without prollt and pay
tuvfia on the assessed valuation of the prop
erty , " Mr. Oxnard might have sabscribod
I berally for an idiot asylum for such a town ,
b'ut ' not n dollar for a sugar factory.
If Mr. Clark's ' plan of ascertaining the
hash far railway earnings were equitable it
would not bo of any practical use in the ad
justment of rates.
Lot us suppobo for illustration that we have
two parallel roads which could bo duplicated
for $ . ) ( ) , OJ ; ) per mile , ono of which has cost its
presant owners nothine and the other ( its Im
mediate competitor ) has cost Its owners ? l0- ! ,
UOO per mile to construct. The llrst line
would not , according to Mr. Cfark , bo en
titled to interest on Its actual value , and ,
therefore , could only charge such rates as
would pay for cost of maintenance
mid operation , wlulo the . second line
would DO compelled to meet these
rates or retire trom rompetition.
If it met them it would earn no interest on
its cost , but if it abandoned its competitive
business it would bo compelled to tax its
local traflle enough more to cover its ex
penses and pay interest on $30OiX ) per mile.
In other words , a palpable discrimination ,
unjust , unu unnecessary , would bo made
against the people on the latter line by forc-
inpf its rates as much too high as the others
were too low. So much for the practical ap
plication of one of the theories for solving
this vexed problem. It was not long ago that
the acltntors against railroads in this state
repudiated the doettlno that they should bo
allowed to earn fair interest on coit and de
manded that they bo limited to interest on
such sum us thotr properties could bo dupli
cated for.
Hallway managers are not only willing but
anxious to be instructed in their duties , hut
they must bo pardoned if they continue in
the light of their own experience till such
timoas the "doctors" .
new party can agrco.
( J. W. HoiiKtoi : : .
Norfolk's Conipl.iiiit.
Merchants of Norfolk , dlssatlsUcd with the
result of the sitting of the State Board of
Transporlion at that place have sent the fol
lowing communication to the board at Lin
coln :
To THE STATE DOMID OK Ttuxsi-ourATioy
Lincoln. Neb , At a moot UK hold by the State
Hoard of Tianspoitation at Norfolk , Neb. ,
August 2't. 1MH , it wus shown by Charles II ,
Johnson that the following dls-eilmlnatlons
oclsted and the figures wmo undisputed by
the lallioad company :
Sioi'X Cirv on J-ntnn hioux
CITV loc.u. It Aits To
These tatos weio ail In foico on and quoted
by the Cnlcaxo & NortlnH'Mern system on
Aumiit 1. | s3l , and show that Norfotic Is ols-
ctlnilnato I against in every diiectlon. noith ,
u .st , south and west ; and wlieious , at the
above mentioned meeting a petition putpoit-
In : to represent the business interests of the
oily was banded in clalnrni ; thut the "mer
chants" wore sat Isllod ; and whereas , many of
thu said mot-chants handle a clu-s of goods
which do not ium under the high classifica
tion and consequently had no comp Hint 10
maUu ; Lolng u.itlslled that those who handle
the higher olnss of goods are mo-,1 unjustly
dlscilnilnatcil against , wo most heartily cn-
dorso Mr. .lohiihon in Ills complaint and re
quest your honorable body to take up the
matter of Interstate rates and prosecute the
ease for us lie To re the Intotstato Commerce
commission of the Un ted Slates
We ulho mo-,1 lespuctfutly ask that the local
rate butttocu i-outluBloux I'lty iind Noifollcbo
put on un eiiialltyi ] with tlm tiraml Island ratu
anil that lu all icspecis uo lie put on an equal
ity with other town * In the state of Nebraska
on the l.'hl aisO & 'Nurtln > estcin's system of
railroads equally dist nit from Uhleago.
IHNIKI , 1. KIIN.SUL\ : ( | : , liriugist.
< / ' . I' , W. M.MigUAiinr. Jouclci.
KISSO.NS & HtU.MudcrtakliiL' .
llAiiniNC. HniH.-TS'orro.k Cioamory ,
S. KiiUssi.Kii , tinwer.
II K ( JI.KIS-MAN. Meats ,
11.V UuiilSMAir , l-'iour and Feed.
.1 M. C'oi.i\MKIU Gunur.il Merchandise
K. I , , l-.vruwo .K.hluppnr ,
liiUNiv ) : tc l.uciuiAN. ( Jrocers.
I- ' , .1. Uonimiuii. Urocor.
lliiuuoiA tc UKCKAIIP , rurnltuio.
OSI-AII illlJ.K , ( irorer.
lliMir : U. UiiimiiKKMAN. I'nrm Muchlnurv.
l''nti.HMi : , \Vi.vrm. . Wholesale saddlery ,
II. A. PASSUVALKIVholeialu \ Implements.
OKOHIIKViilTt Clitar I'actory.
! ' . A. lilt ) AM1 , UrtiKilKt.
K. ,1. , < LiiiiiiiK. ) ( : ( ( Hniceiv.
Ai.nniir WII.PB. Olg.u Factory.
JOHN Mounr.ii. lUidnure.
J. I1 SrtAVNu : , Uro er.
KUKII "U'IIKM.VVnolo ilo I/lquors.
Ukoiiiu : U SKA , Fruit Dealer.
} , . U Mii riK rAiir , Iumber.
( J , y. Km M.I : i1 , lUrdwiuu
B IB
Used in Millions of Homes 40 Years the Standard ,
0 0. VootillCf" , Honth Norfolk Water Worl
U. i ; . Scill'iiT/ ) > ncral Merchandise.
AltnUsT KA1IO , .Meat ? .
M. bOIIAft-KII , Meats.
HTAS.VAIIII & Co. , Marble \\'or ! < s.
DOW Ul.OTIIlNO COMt'ANV.
Pltosr August 31 the price of Tut
DAILY Biu : , morning or evening edi
tion , delivered by carrier In Omtthti und
South Omaha , will be 10 cents a week.
Visitors to the fair cnnnot spend the
evening moro onjoyublotlmti listening tc
Gilbert & Sitlllvnii 8 tuneful nud comic
Mikado ns sung by the On trow Opera
Co. nt the Griind opera house. Popular
prices prevail ut this house nnd 1U
capacity la tested nightly. Reserved
seats at 2oc , Hoc and oOo.
J. .1. .lohnson & Co. will remove their
coal olllco on Sept. 1 to 2 0 S. luthstroat
OnrrlPi't * I'lonlo.
About twenty-live of the loiter carriers , ac
companied by their families , assembled at
Syndicate park yosturd.iy afternoon , and en
joyed the beauties of nature In that rustic re
treat. A substantial dinner under the spread-
liiKtrcos formed an Interesting foatuio of
the days' enjoyment , nnd the time until sundown -
down was spent In games of various sorts.
Some of the herbs In Hall's ' Hair Kcnowcr ,
that wonderful preparation for restoring the
color nnd thickening thu growth of the uatr ,
grow plentifully In New FJnnlanu.
Grand Kntry Into Oiiiuhn.
On and lifter July HO , 1SDI , the Chicago
cage , Milwaukee & St. Paul Hallway
company will run all 6f its trains in ami
out of the union depot , Oni'iha. No
moro annoyamo : caused by transferring
and switching at Council Bluffs. Solid
vestibulod trains , consisting of now
Pnlaco sleeping cars , fi-oo parlor chair
cars , elegant coaches , and the finest
dininir cars in the world , all heated by
steam and lighted throughout by elec
tric lights. The now evening express
with "electric lights in every berth"
now leaves Omaha daily at 0.20 p. m.
arriving at Chicago at 9:30 : a. m. in time
for all eastern connections. Secure
tickets and sleeping car -berths at 1501
ICarmun street ( Barber block ) ,
J. Ji. PKKSTON , t1. A. NASH ,
C. Pass. Agt. Gen. Agt.
Let every enfeebled woman
know it ! There's a medicine
that'll cure her , and the proof's
positive !
Here's the proof if it
doesn't do you good within
reasonable time , report the
fact to its makers and' get
your money back without
a word but you won't do it !
The remedy is Dr. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription and it
has proved itself the right
remedy in nearly every case
of 'female weakness.
It is not a miracle. It won't
cure everything but it has
done more to build-up tired ,
enfeebled and broken - down
women than any other medi
cine known.
Where's the woman who's
not ready for it : ? All that
we've to do is to get the
news to her. The medicine
will do the rest.
Wanted Women. First
to know it. Second to use
- it. Third to be cured by it.
The one comes of the other.
The seat of sick headache
is not in the brain. Regulate
the stomach and you cure it.
Dr. Pierce's Pellets are the
little regulators.
Vonori'lioctt , ( Hcot and I.c.ttcoi-ritorti
cured In U days by the Kronuh HemoJy en
titled the 1C ING. ltdlssolvo-j aijalnst and Is
absorbed into tno Inllamo.l parts. Will refund
money If It deus not euro or causes strietuie.
Gentlemen , hero is a reliable art'elo. f.'l a
paekau'o or 'J for $ . " per man prepaid. Mc-
Cormlck tt I. und , Omaha.
"UNION "DEPOlTHOTEL.
Corner llth nnd Mneon Strecti : Half block won of
Union 1'nclMc nnd II. X .M. Depots.
New bulMlne , new f urn I turn , every thins lint
class , conle t locution In Oimlm , view of ontlro
Burroumtln country , gas , b ttlieloctrlo ctdl bells otu
Iln'm , J 1 , 10 nml Sl.fiO. Hvcrr Unu of cable nil 1 motor
cur' , l > .n < t nltliln ono block , n\c , ) | > t slionmii Avaniu
nml lln-iacom 1'urk line , 4 block , away nnil you cnn
trnimler to tlig'O lf > ou with. '
A ( iKNinNni iciionKir.ujuii KIDUS RKHM
KUAIlll'ATult- ull ilUiM-oi bctnuto U kills
tliu inlurobu or c'Tin I'm 1111 anil rutulloil In f . ' . J- !
nnil f.1 id/es , the * liittrrltj ( 'uiloni. H-nt nnywhuro
I > rcpidi1 en lorolpt uf inko or ( ' . O. I > WuUsiioa
IfUur.mtoo to cine ' 1 ho public tr-idu nnil Jobber *
Mippllril b ; Iho ( ioo.lninu llrntt Co. , Mi Cnrmlck A.
l.unil Omaha : C A. .Mi'lchor llnwnril Mjor < nnil
1C. . -ejkorn , Sonlli Oni.ilm ; A. It. foster mi il 91
1' . Kills , Council llull .
: DOCTOR "flwio folcbiatid E.VUL181I1.
Pills are a I'uslth o Guru for Sli L ;
lAGKEH'S IlcudiicliL * . jilloune ii , antll
Ooitrtllputloii. hninll , pica * . !
ant and n favorllu ulll- the *
ln.llc. Sold la KiiKl-ii" ! for In. ;
L ! . , In America fur Bftr. ( let *
Ilitin from your UrURglili , or ;
soi'i : to n. n. nouuia * to. , ;
I.PSLIS 40 We.I Vrattj , .Sow lorV. i
For Sale by KUIIN & CO. . Omaha.
L DJC'S Periodical Pills.
This 1'ionrli rcnu'ily nita illrrctly upon the itenora-
tlvu nru'iui * unit fines aupniesslon of the uionsov
I J or tbri'G for f.i. nml caa to mulled , otioulil nut bu
U'cililurlntc pro.'nancy. Jobbers , ilriiKjilHM nmi | ) ho
public aupplloil by ( iouiliimn Drue ' o. . Dinah v.
BOCTOB -
is ?
Tina 6ijHoiAtasr.
Sixteen Vetr Knperlpnco in the Treatment of nl
PRIVATE " "DISEASES.
M < in liiifjuettiiul I'eninUi Il ci IM l.Hilioi fn > .ii
IMiiio'H ) 1)MclJro.v'i ) uucou m tlm trujliuent
ot PrmitH l > l < i"fni lia ner- be i i > iiinll il llo.iki
nml Orcjdiir * I net. Treatment by c-iirruipunilunc-e.
Oilto } , 11 anU I'arm u Si , . , Omaha , NJD.
1 nntriincu on riilier > trt-et ,
INTHCWORlDWItt
B tPSk < LJC3 3ntTAIH A HUPTUHt
orKtvorellcf Ilko" lir , rUr < - ' 3 iliitiiHIe KUstic-
Trinn. ' It I'.iirurrduiouiuiiiUI II joii wanttlie
' fn < 1 Joln umi' U > rlreul' > tiiiplil tiV > . I.
lc LUilic Tru Co , , ban 1'taucltcu , t'al
Advortisltig nlono , no matter how excellent ,
Cnnnot build up n luriro trntto , or nuiko n house grout.
Yet vlttil itnportunco hinges upon udvertlslng ,
For very few concerns htivo over reached colossal proportiono ,
Without liberal and Intelligent advertising ,
And when it Is backed up with
Variety ,
Quality. Price.
Public confidence is at once assured.
Our Sack and
Cutaway Suits
Always Of $10
Endless Correct Splendid or $ rs
VARIETY STYLE , QUALITY PRICK
Como in light nnd medium weight ,
For street or business wear ,
An absolutely perfect lit ,
And will hold their shape and wear you until next fall.
You can buy '
Some of our best
$13.5O and $15
Suits for
Our handsome ,
dressy $18 and
$20 Suits will
go for
and
WORTH JUST TWICE AS MUCH.
We are now receiving a new line
of hats , in the latest fall shapes
and Shades , and are able to offer
you the best $2 or $3 hat in this
western country.
Our fall and winter goods will soon nrriv'3
And our present stoelc must bo reduced.
Relialole Glottiiers ,
Southwest Corner 15th and Douglas Street.
MO CURE ! NO PAY.
1316 Douglas Street , Omaha , Neb.
Mnny ypnrs' OTpcrlonro. A regular erndunto In medicine ns rtlploraiis slioir. IB itlll treating with U)0 '
crenU-m nucccis all Neivous , Chronlo mid I'rlvsto Ulie i es. A fiorni.incnt rum ifuarimtnart for CaturrSf'
Spermiitorrlioea , I. ojt M.inhooJ , nominal \Vi3nknu.ii , Nl lit IjU'ses , Impotcncr , Hjphllls , Strlcturo , and all
illseaaosof tliu ItlnoJ , HklnnnJ Urlnnry Organs N H. 1 Rinininteo J.'OJ for c-vory CKJO I ulHlcrtako Dnd fall
to euro. Consultation fren. llooi ( Mystorlos of Life ) oont free. OtUca hours 8 a. in. to B p. m. BUuiajr
10 n m. to 12 m. Send stamp for ropljr.
MOORE'S
Loavonwortti , Ktin. , C-lo-00.
Dr. J. P. Moore My Dour Sir : I have
boon subject to slolc headache all my
lifo. Over two yours ago I begun ushig
Moore's Tree of Lifo for It , and I have
never had a case of sick headache since ,
except whoa I was ut ono end of the
road and the medicine at the ether end.
It Is worth moro than money to mo. I
heartily commend it to all suIToring
with sick headache. Yours trtilv ,
\V. U. KILE ,
Pastor First HaptUt Church.
llooro's Tree of l.lfo. n poltlrn earn lor ICI-lnar
and Liver ruiutil tint unit all b oo I itlioiso , . Dootlb
pay to sutler wlienyou otn urjlur iuliu Moorj'i
Traoof Ufa , tiiuUroit Ufa Itonnlrf
INTERESTPAIDONDEP05ITS
ATOMAHAlOflN&TRUSTCll
5.E.CDR.
CAPITALtS IOO.OOO.OO
DIRECTORS : A U.WYM/\N-E.W.NASH
JHMILlARD-GUy-CBARTON-G.B. LAKE.
dd.QROVVN-THOS'L.KIMBALL.
National Bank
( T. S. oni'O-slTOKV. - OMAHA NRIJ
Cupttnl . $ / OOOOO
Surplus Jan. 1st , iBSO. 62.8OO
OOlccri inn ! Director * -Honry W Viitoi , I'roililont ;
IxiwtiH. lletiil , Vlco 1'rBililunt. JiuneiV HtviUD.W
V .Mor > , Jolm H. Colllm , It C' . OuihlnK , J. N. II.
I'alrk-k. W II. ri Iliiiiliui , Cnihlor.
TUB IRON HANK.
CIHIIT l.'tli mill Kiirnain riti
Guncral HniiMnv IliisliiO'ii Traniaoto'l '
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S '
STEEL PEK33.
GOLD ME'DA' ' , PARIS FXPOSITION , 1809 ,
THE M08V I'bRFEGT OF PENS.
OMAHA.ll
p BIIKIIWOOD iiuod. ua .V
ii 0inahSi Jleh
TELEGRAPHY.
o
OMAHA , NED.
Nos. 108 , 1 10 and 112 N.I 1th St.
TELEPHONE 1772.
PROTECTED BY U. 8. PATENTS. .
Manufacturers of Iron and Steel Ribbon
Yard and Lawn Fences , also Farm , Stock ,
Park and Cemetery Fences. The cheapest ,
most artistic and durable fence In the
market. Manufacturers' agents for Arohl *
tcctural Iron work of all kinds , and for the
celebrated Buckthorn Steel Ribbon Wlro.
Call at Factory and tee samples.
Send for Catalogues ind Price } ,
GOLD ClAd'S ,
Inventions ;
Tcotli without iiluti.'j. roinovulilo brldira
worn.Dr. . Tliiodljinortrn's u itont. " NO
diniiplnu ilo u of plutut ; blto imytlilnn you
llku ; tnutli roinuln Una. .hint tno tlnnK for
mlnlHtora , luwrurs anil ptilillo Hionkora. 1'rloo
it Illllo ninro tliiin rnliliur plntos , within rouoh
of nil. Dr. llulloy. Dontlst , lins tlie BOO ! rljtlij
to UuMiliii nnil Doittiliis County , Ullluo , third
lloor 1'oxtnn block , Uniitliii ,
SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.
HI orzmu'nrudicmrctilcaiio ) . Hoarding E
Holiool for ( ilrli nnil Vou UK Ladlei. For
culiUoguo BdilroM U. Til A YIIH. 1,1 , . It. ,
( ; ini'urliIli.jr , ifti Htutu BucutCUIcagl o.iUi i
"S I
FEMAi.E
„ ACADEMY
GUtitar , ririMiiitonr CullridMv. Miulo nnil Fine Art
Oolir.w Ht fi > r\Velii-.Iiy hfnd fin lllo tnl a UI ( > cu *
T. f , UUUiAlllJ. A. U , Tun Jwluouvlllo , 1IL
NHW vouic MiLiTMtv AOAUR'MY ,
t'ol.lU.Witliilir ' , 1I.H..AM. , Uornwall , N.Y
"
" " & ! J ! ' : l.l T'VR'
APTIST FEMALK COLLEGE. '
B l.t-ilnalun , Mo.'th ( yt > rot.nj | fieft. loth , ijla
1 at uliy , hlieuiure , i.tnguisej , f > Uthcti ) ltci , Science ,
Mu k , lUintfnp. Jlocution , Jlutinc&l Cuurc , etc. Locilloa
licAtihfut liuilalnt * .tlartretl * renovated and rtfurDiihtdi
ilem licatt'l * n < \ 4.tlgit ) I I or ealalot' " * ' 1drei
\V. A. WIIAU.N , A. JU , 1'rts. , H ?
ftENTH _ At nOLLE.ee ti
fin ! > cjr t Kini Seiffinl-T'j [ 1 1 KcffuUr CunlcuU lead
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