Nebraska Newspapers

    THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : STJNDAY OCTOBER .12 , 1800-T\VENTY PAGES.
UNITY OF THE FATHERLAND ,
Oolo3at Nature of the ork aud How i
Brought About.
BLUNDERS OF THE VIENNA CONGRESS.
I'ntrlntfl All Over GiniKiny J > Kip-
polntcd nt Ut lrrtoeulliiK ( < How
tlio United Hlnte.s tt'nn Ilio
fiiilncr Notublo Names.
The struggles for German unity antl their
ofTcct on the United States is n subject which
must bo of grout Interest to every thoughtful
American cltuon. The Vienna congress ,
composed as It was of the representatives of
the different powers , which had accomplished
the downfall of Napoleon I. , convened pur-
Biicnt to the last article of the Parts trc.Uy of
Ihoyo.ir previous , In October , 1SU , In oi'.lar
to adjust the map of Kuropa. The colossal
tinturo of the worlc to Imisti away the *
political creations of the Preach conqueror -
ns well ns to reconcile the seriously conflict
ing Interests of the different dynasties , bo-
caino apparent very soon after the august
body had bo un Its deliberations. This was
particularly so with rotcronca to Germany ,
whcro the uncompromising cibillsm between
Austria and Prussia created dllilcultios
Which nt several stages of the congress
threatened un outburst of opnn hostllltlos bo-
twocn the different sections of the country.
Tliorotunt of Napoleon from Elba , however ,
In Alnrrh , 1S15. brought the quarrels to n
fipeedy end , tbo boundaries of over tlilrty
llttle German states wcro drawn , n , loose
union wns patched up between them nnd tbo
congress adjourned.
The German people soon discovered that
In the adjustment of these matters the dynas
tic Interests nlono wororespccted , whllo their
own rights wcro shamefully Ignored. In
driving tlio French usuper from their soil the
jiooplo had made unparalleled sacrifices of
wood mill treasure The political distraction
of their country , which for nearly three hun
dred years had made them thoprey of foreign
conquerors , bud neon accomplished ns n ro-
milt of their stnunch ndliereneoand manly defense -
fenso of the principles of religious liberty.
3n Franco , Knglaml , Spain , Portugal and
tbo Scandinavian countries that creed nlono
was tolerated which the royal will prescribed
nnd thus political unity bucnino intact.
Germany , however , had emerged from the
thirty years'war , devastated nnd impover
ished beyond description , cut np Into n largo
number of potty dynasties , but proud of
having conquered for tlio world that freedom
of conscience which was tlio forerunner
throughout the civilized world of nil subse
quent movements for the betterment of inun-
Idiul. But the relinuulslimcnt of political
grcnlnoss had brought upon her untold mis-
nrlcs , and when she had regained her imlo-
pcndencn through her victories over NaL
jmlcoii , sbo had n right to expert that the
wood of her sons lind not bcen'splllcd in
vain , nnd that n stron'g and united fnthorland
would for nil tlmo to come protect her
against invasions from without. The out-
comoof the congress , therefore , fell like n
wet bliniltet upon the whole people , their
fondest hopes wcro blighted and deep-rooted
discontent took possession of tbo masses.
Tbo liuinilinting condition of the country
Was felt most keenly by the flower of (3or- (
man youth , the students of the universities ;
their patriotic indignation burst out In plain-
tivo songs and speeches , unions ( bur.schcn-
Rchaftcn ) wcro formed for tbo purpose of cul-
tlvnting nlovo of country anil to aim nt
building up a united Germany. Nor were
their objects in the least concealed , for not n
few avowed themselves to open revolution to
nttnln them. Under the inspiration of Prime
Minister Mcttcrnlch , of Austria , whoso
vainglorious nature was fully equal to hK
utter inability to comprehend tbo h < i'f J ,
uplratlons ot a. noble peoj > ) i < 'i JI.OHI m-
Goniianv fearing fov I * * * i Ul ° rulers of
to supprosaJlnoar- * safety endeavored
JHVW -.utt-unions nnd caused arrests to
' o iliuuuTund prosecutions to bo Instituted. In
order to escape them some of the best sons of
the country left for foreign lands , nnd what
Was Germany's loss w.is the Intter's ' Rain.
Among these who In this period nnd ns n re
sult of thcso prosecutions wcro cast upon our
chores were Prof. Francis Llcbor , Carl Beck
nnd Cliarles Follen. .
Follon had been prominently Identified with
Ibo Imrschenschafl nnd in 1810 wns sus
pected of being an accomplice In the inurdor
nf Kotzohue. n German author whoso rela
tions to the Russian court had subjected him
to the suspicion of being n Husslan spy anil
an enemy of German unity. lie WAS utthat
time a private lecturxir at the university of
.lona , and although but twenty-three years
of ago had already won high distinction ns n
counsellor for several towns in his native
homo , the grand duchy of IIcsso Darmstadt ,
whoso government sought to enforce against
them an obnoxious war debt. Though noth
ing-could bo shown against him In connection
with ICotzohuo's taking off , nis liberal teach
ings nevertheless subjected him to serious
nmioynnccs which prompted him to leave his
native country for Switzerland , from whcro.
in January IS'-M , ho Immigrated to the United
Btutcs. Shortly after his arrival ho wns ap
pointed teacher ot German at Harvard col
lege. Thrco years later ho was made pro
fessor of ecclesiastical history nnd ethics ,
nnd soon after ho received the professorship
of German literature nt Harvard , which ho
held llvo years. Ho then became pastor of n
Unitarian society In Now York and in Kast
Lexington , Mass. In January IS 10 ho was a
passenger on the Ill-fated steamer Lexington
which wns burnt during the passage in Long
Island sound , where ho lost his ; llfo , together
with about ono hundred and seventy-live
ether passengers , Follen Is the author ot a
German grammar and reader. Ho wns a fre
quent contributor to the reviews and often
lectured on various scientific subjects. His
writings and a sketch of nn unfinished work
on psychology wow published nt Doston in
1841 In flvo volumes. During his llfo In this
country ho was , like the most of hlscountry-
uion , n staunch ndvocato of the null-slavery
movement , and his great literary ability and
unspotted llfo hnvo done much to secure for
the Gorman character nn honorable recogni
tion In this country.
In 1SIMS ho wrote , nt the request of the
nntl-slavcry society , an address to the
American people , In which ho set forth in
clear and forcible language the principles of
his party. This pamphlet was distributed In
congress , as well as at the different state
capitals , and everywhere made n deep Im
pression. On account thereof ho suffered
many serious attacks , tt bclntr particularly
urged atrulnst him that ho , n foreigner , was
abusing the hospitality of this country by
assailing her Institutions and throwing nflro-
hruml Into our body politic. Ills manly nnd
dignified reply was that In this country ,
where liberty was the boast of the people ,
nnd where tno declaration of Independence
proclaimed nnd vouchsafed equal rights for
nil , ho would not nbncgnto these sacred truths
which ho had defended In his fatherland and
for which ho hail sncrlllcod homo , beloved
parent ! , , brothers , sisters and friends.
Follen was nn Intimate friend of dimming ,
Theodore 1'nrker , Emerson , Tlcimor , Ihn-
cr6ft , Longfellow and other great men of his
time ,
Lr. ) Carl Hook , a friend of the former , hav
ing llltowiso been prominently Identified with
the burschcnsohaft , became a fugitive from t
Germany and settled In the United States In i
3811. Ho h.sd studied philology at Berlin niul 1
Tubingen , and at the hitler school hnd re
ceived tbo degree of doctor of philosophy.
Upon his arrival In this country ho became * u
teacher atii school In Northampton. M.iss ,
Subsequently ho established n school of his
ownatPhlllipstotvn , oa the Hudson , nnd in
1SW ho was iniidn professor of the Latin Inn
punpo and literature at Cambridge. lie nub-
lIshiHl several works on philology , dlstln
guished himself during thu war of the re
bellion us a member of ttio sanitary
commission , wrote nnd worked jeal
ously for the education of the freed
men , and was regarded as ; ono of the
most public-spirited citizens of Massachusetts.
Ho died nt Cambridge In March , 1SSU ,
lamented ami honored far beyond the limits
of his adopted state.
Prof. Francis Llober hardly needs nn Intro
duction to tbo American reader. Ho was
bora It. Berlin in March , 1SOO , and his child
hood was spout Iii the time of the deepest hu
miliation of Germany. In March , 1815. when
Napoleon had broken loose ng.iln In Europe ,
though a moro boy , Llebor , with his twooldor
brother * , enlisted us a volunteer , fought at
Llgny as well as in the battle of Waterloo ,
nnd was dangerously wounded a few days
later In the storming of Namur. Upon his
rccovorv , the wnr being ended , ho rosumoti
Ills studies , llrat In bis native city and next
Ut Jcua , wlwro ho KraduaJ SAlt lui ontuusl-
astlc devotion to a free and united Germany
had brouKlithlm In conflict with the nuthorl-
tics , and bo was led to Groow In order to tnUo
part In the struck ) for Greek Independence
against the Ottoman empire. Sonwwhat
later wo llnd him In Home , whew ho was hoi-
pliably admitted Into the family of the gro.it
Gorman historian. Nlobuhr , Who was , nt that
time , Prussian cmuussador nt the Vatican , ami
who appointed him private tanchcr for his
oldcit snn. Aftcra year's sojourn there ho returned -
turned with letters cf recommendation from
Niob'lhr ' to Harlln , Dulbelngnirnln suspected
of unlawful con federations against the exist
ing order of things ho was arrested anil con
fined In the fortification of Kocpnllc , where
he wrote n number of lyrical poonis of no
menu order. From this prison ho WAS released -
leased through the Inlluoncoof his friend and
patron Nlebuhr , whereupon ho went to Lon
don , nnd ho remained there until lS2r , sup
porting himself by teaching lansuagos and
writing forCrermin periodicals. In ISJ7 ho
came to the United States nnd scttkvl In Bos
ton. His great learning and high nobility ot
chnr.ictor soon secured him InUlng friend
ship among the foremost men of the
country , such ns Joslah Qnlncy , president of
Harvard university , William tilery Chan-
iilng , Professor Fclton , Judijo Story , the his-
torlnus Prescottand Bancroft. George Tick-
nor , the peat Longfellow nnd CharlcM Stun
ner , lie commenced his career first ns a lec
turer on history and politics In the larger
cities , maintaining at tuo same time a swim
ming school In Ioitonand ! next ho undertook
the editorship of tlio Encyclopedia Ameri
cana , based upon Brockhaus' Conversations
Lexicon. Translations of a French work on
tbo revolution of Julv , lsw : , and of lAjncr-
bach's life of Kaspar llausor came from his
pen during tlio sntno uorlod. In 1S3J ho
translated the work of Do Heaumont and Do
Tor-quovlllo on the penitentiary system of tlio
United States nnd nddod an Introluetlon and
notes and somewhat later bo wrote ut the re
quest of the trustees of Glr.ird colic-go a plan
of education and instruction for that institu
tion. In ISH : appeared his "Letters to a Gen
tleman In " book entertain
Germany , a highly
ing as well as Instructive , and In isr : > his
"Kemlnlscenccs of Niobuhr. " In the same
rear ho took charge of the professorship of
history nnd political economy in the South
Carolina college nt Columbia , whcro ho re
mained until l 'S , when ho followed ncall to
the same professorship nt the Columbia col
lege , Now York. During this period ho oub-
Ilshcd numerous Important works , chief
among which are ! "A Manual of Political
Kthlcs , " two volumes , adopted by Harvard
college nnd many other high schools In this
country as a text boolc nnd highly recom
mended by Judges Kent nnd Story ; "Legal
and 1'olltlc.il Hcrmonlutlcs , or "Principles of
Interpretation nnd Construction in Law and
Politics. " "Laws of Property , " "Essays on
Property and Labor , " and "Civil Liberty nnd
Solf-Govornnieut. " Ho also wrote "Kssavs
on Subjects of Penal Law and the
Penitentiary System , " on the "Abuso
of the Pardoning Power" nnd many
occasional papers , such as "Letters on An
glican nnd Galilean Liberty ; " a paper on the
vocal sounds of Laura Hrldginnn , the blind
deal' mute , compared with the elements of
phonetic language , besides numerous ad
dresses and political articles , among which
his inaugural address nt Columbia college , on
"Individualism , or Socialism and Commun
ism , " stand out prominent.
During the war of the rebellion Prof.
Liober spent much of his tjrno In Washing
ton ' < , whither ho had been called by the gov
ernment : as counsellor In impn'tant questions
relating to international and military law ,
and at the request of General Hnlleck ho
drafted ttio "Instructions tortho Government
of Annies in the Field , " which were pub
lished by order of the war department as
general order No. 100 and circulated among
the staff ofllcors of the armies , Tbo grout
Frenchman Laboulnyu calls thcso instruc
tions n masterpiece , while Bluntschll , the
foremost ; authority on International law in
Kuropo , has published them with flattering
comments as an appendix to his international
code. < ' As president of the society for loyal
publications ho wrote during the war many
patriotic pamphlets which did much toatf/o -
the enthusiasm of the people and - " -1 * °
wo will nanio the foljcu' ' ; K wluc"
now , all for our - : ' ' . ' , ' ? : , ° v' y
Clellnn " " country , " "Lincoln or Me-
f . , , y.yi slavery , Plantations or the Yeo-
.i.u.ry. "
Among those who have spoken with pro
found adniiratlonofU'rof. Lleber's works and
Ins noble charactcrjaro Chancellor Kent and
Judge Story , Charles Sumner , William H.
Prcscott , Prof. Groanlcaf nnd George Ban
croft In the United States , Henry Hallani
and Prof. Creasy in England , Allttormaler ,
Von Mohl nnd Bluntschll in Ger
many , Laboulayo nnd Do TocquoViUo
In France , Koliu and Janneinynsln Belgium
and Plcrantonl nnd Gavelli in Italy.
Canrlos Sumner extolled Xaebcr beyond all
measure and In ono of his letters writes about
him : "I owe Licber nn enormous and lasting
debt of gratitude. " Judge Story says "Lie-
bcr's conversation is always fresh , original
and sparkling with reminiscences1 , and again
"be always makes mo think , "
William II. Prescott writes to him : "Your
book ( political ethics ) is so full of hints that
the reader is but half done when ho has read
It , for it leads him ton train of thought which
ho might pursue after perusal. "
Chancellor Kent "Llobor's ' eminence as n
scholar in history , political economy , ethical
philosophy , geography and the sciences would
establish the reputation of any university in
the country. His talents , his learning , his
great moral worth are recognized by the fore
most scholars and Jurists. "
Prof. Grcenlcaf In spoaklnggonerally about
his works says : "Ho always plunges into the
deepest water nnd conies oat a good swim
mer. " Says Judge Tlmyor In his excellent
memorial or.itlon : "Liber hated a dema
gogue oven more than ho hated a tyrant. "
Llebor's patriotic attachment to h Is adopt
ed country became particularly transparent
when la 1SI9 , during n brief visit to his na
tive country , lie rejected the most tempting
offer made to him in por.wi by Frodorlo
William IV , , then king of Prussia. Never
theless his heart beat with enthusiasm for
his old fatherland during her war with
Prance In 18TO nnd 1871. The blood of the
young volunteer soldier of 1815 rushed
through his veins nnd unspeakable wns his Joy
when at last he found the dream of his youth
realized nml the aspirations of his heart for
which ho had suffered persecution had become
"
come an accomplished" fact in the uni
fication of Germany. Thus ho writes
on the ISth day of August , 18TO : "My letters
from Germany show that nil Germans , in
spired bv the noblest sentiments , are rna'dy
to sacrifice all , treasure and life , lu defense
of their fatherland. Kvon fathers of families
will not bo turned away. Ofllcers of high
rank enter as volunteers and servo as
privates. ' 'And here I sit nnd write like ; nn
old Philistine. It Is toohard. " Ho was taken
otT suddenly In lS7i : whllo engaged in the
preparation of a great work concerning the
origin of the constitution of the United
States. Ills InflucncQ on Ainericnn literature
li Inestimable ; our country owes him n lastIng -
Ing debt of gratitude , and to him may bo
appropriately applied the words of Goethe :
Worden boston solnorro I t.Ecnug got baa ,
Dor hat golubt ( or nllozultcn.
Returning to Germany wo llnd that notwlth
standlngtheinoststringcnt measures ndoptei J
by the several German governments lu < the
attempt to suppress liberal thoughts and the
efforts made In behalf ot German unity , the
fire continued to smoulder beneath the ashes
and threatened nt times to burst out in con
sumlng flames. The so-called German con
federation with Its diet at Frankfort con
slstodof thirty-eight Independent sovereign i-
tics ; the internal management of these wn , s (
In the main foreign to Its functions ; nevertheless -
tholoss the governments had In 1819 , by tli o
so-called Karlsbad resolutions , delegated tc
it certain powers for the "prosecution o if
demagogues" and the rigid control through i-
out the confederation of all universities , they
being the seats of the turbulent elements.
For this , among other reasons , the diet wns
looked upon with undisguised scorn bv the
moro Intelligent of the German peoplo" , and
when hi July , 1S30 , the revolution broke out
In Paris , which hurled Charles X. from UU [
throne , an impetus was given to the students ,
principally of western Germuny , to shako oil
the yolco under which they were smarting.
Accordingly combinations "wero formed for
the purpose of breaking up the diet. On
April a , 1SJJ , a number of students made an
attack on the confederate guards , ox-palled
them and took possession of the guardhouse.
They were thrown back , however , by subse
quent reinforcements and nftor a spirited
street fight a number of them were captured ,
whllo the others Hcd , Among these who
were Implicated in this sallv was Lieutenant
Governor Gustavus A. Koornor , now of
Uollovllle , III. , at that tlmo a young student
In Jena , whoso honest nnd outspoken dovo-
tlon to the cause of a united Germany had
already subjected him to serious annoyances
while u student at Munich in 18IW.
Oustavui A. Koorncr was born nt Prank-
fort in Hu ! ) mul studied at Jona nnd Munich.
In May 18VJ , ho graduated at Heidelberg ns
doctor Jurist , and lu July , IS'M. ho came to
tbo United States. Hero he settled In Hollo-
vino. 111. , nnd In Juno , 1805 , was admitted to
the bar of the btato. Illinois was at that tlmo
a frontier state , legal uloul was rare , aud ,
richly : endowed as young ICoernnr was by the
best 1 universities on the continent , ho could
not i fail to Hndspcoily recognition. In ISIJho
was elected lo the legislature , ami In ISt.'i be
came associate Judge of the supreme court of
the state- , which position ho hold several
yenr.s. His decisions , foiud In the Illinois
supreme court reports , are admitted by the
belt Jurists In the land to bo models of clear
ness and legal acumen. In 1S3J Mr. Koernor
was elected lieutenant governor of the state
on the demoor.itlo ticket , but n , few years
later the Kansas-Nebraska bill nnd the out-
r.iifes of the border ruftlaus In Missouri nnd
Kansas prompted him to tnl < a his position la
the front rank of the movement for the or-
Ranlzatlon of the republican pirty , vrhciv , In
conjunction with his friends , ( leorgo Schnei
der , Caspar Uutz , Gcorgo Iilllgaertner mid
others , \vlcldod n powerful Influence among
the German-speaking population of the north
west in the C.U1SO of fvco labor. At the out-
bivak of the rebellion ha served ns n staff
ofllcnr with the rank of colonel under Fre
mont an I Ilalleck In the dcpirtment of tbo
Missouri , nnd about a year later President
Lincoln , bolng personnllv acquainted with
Mr. Koerner's riro iitt'imnionts and gro.it
moral worth , appointed him United Stales
minister at the court of Spain.
In IS'W ' ho served as elector at largo
from Illinois on the Grant ticket , and at the
organization of the railroad nnd ware-
lioaso commission In Illinois in 1ST1 , Governor
I'almor appointed him ono of thocommls-
alonors , in which capacity ho scrvod the In
terests ot the public faithfully and -with great
skill for several years.
Governor Koerner is nn author of high
ablhtv. Mow than llfty years ago ho wrote
for a periodical in Heidelberg , called , "IJas
Ausland , " u series ot essays on Atnorlcn , in
wnich ho dU much to Instruct the German
ro.ulerj about this country. On the other
hand ho has published many papers In the
English language Intending to familiarize
the American reader with the Hornnn char
acter nnd to render the two elements more
harmonious.
About ton years ao there appeared from
his pen a history of the Gertmn element In
the United States from ISIS tolStS.nresDect-
nblo voluni3 of great merit , written in the
German language.
Mr. Koorner lives at Hellcvllle , 111. , and
after a longlifoot' honest and useful endeavor ,
now enjoys in full mousuw
"An honored old ago , serene and bright ,
Andlovolyas u summer night. "
A man who in this connection deserves
prominent recognition is Friedrich Muench.
ISndowcd with a gentle and peaceful disposi
tion , ho'toolrno open part in a revolutionary
movement , but ho was a warm personal
friend of Carl Follon , became dissatisfied
with the existing order of things In
Germany anil loft for the United .States
about the time Governor Kooruer uamo here.
Ho had acquired his collegiate education at
the university of Oiosen and was already
thirty- four years of ago when ho emigrate J.
Heat once struck out for the far wcstand set
tled noarllornuui , Mo. , notas a fortune seek
ing adventurer , but to llnd a permanent
homo. Ho established n nioJol farm , In
troduced from ICuropean fields and gardens
many ruro and proclous plants and with his
well ordered mind and higli education , exer
cised on the confines of civilisation a refining
and humanizing iullucnco over a wide ter
ritory. lie wwte a number of works In. the
Gorman language , soiao of which on religion
and Christianity , etc. . wcro translated into
Knglish and published in Boston more than
forty years aifo. Ills book on the state of
Missouri , in which ho gave a mlnutoand en-
tertainins description of the ndvautaje.s
which his adopted state offered to Ilio Eu
ropean immigrant , was published ami circu
lated widely InGcrnianyabouttho same time
and did more than anything- else to attract
the Germans to that region. Of what ines
timable value this was to the cnuso of the
union is best shown by the fact that at the
nlmost
i , " ' -6 " "native population were rebels , there
v ro instantly four Gorman volunteer regi
ments organized who marched oub to Camp
.1 nckson , about ton miles distant , captured
the rebel troops ( about ten thousand strong )
which were organized there under the protec
tion of the gnvcrnorof the state , and brought
them into town as prisoners. This was tue
end of secession in St. Louis.
General Grant in speaking of these facts
says that It was ono of ttio best things done
in the whole war. for had neb St. Louis been
rescued by the German troops the contest
would have not bacnoverVichsburgbut over
St. Louis and the perils of. the situation
would hive boon incalculable. [ Around the
\Vorld with Geucral Grant , Vol. 'J , pages 405
to-lOS.1
Muench also wrote the life of Carl Pollen ,
a work on American grape culture nnd many
pamphlets on the topics of the day. Ills
literary pseudonym wns "Fnr West. " At
all times ho maintained fearlessly that to
own property In human beings was a crime.
With a manly and Intrepid heart ho remained
faithful to these views , though his lot was
cast In a slave state and notwithstanding tbo
fact that his llfo and property and the safety
of his family were often In Jeopardy during
the rebellion , as well as at the tlmo the bor
der rufllans held sway in western Missouri.
During the Fremont campaign of 1S" > 0 ,
as well ns in 1SGO , ho was a
prominent German speaker throughout
the northern states for the republican eauso ,
whllo from 18' ' ! ) to 1850 ho hold a seat in the
legislature of his state. Ho was a man ot
) irm convictions , and upright and sincere tea
a fault. Ho died in the year 1STO.
Tlio period in German history which moro
than any ottier 1ms Hooded this country with
uncounted numbers of highly educated men
in all walks of llfo Is tbo revolution of 1S43.
This epoch was the immediate forerunner of
the wara that solidified Germany under the
roglmo of Prussia. Tbo events of that mem
orable year served as a powerful reminder to
the dynarties of Germany that the long
yoarned-for union had to bo brought about ,
and therefore acted as a powerful impetus to
Prussia , the leading German power , to hasten
thounitlcation. Those men who participated
in the movement of ISIS from pure motives
of patriotism have woven around tlicir brows
wreaths of Imperishable laurels. True , as In
all similar movements there were also en
gaged in this , men who prosecuted solllsh
emu , but they nro merely the
dark spots on the sun , wlioso Influence
remains uudlmmed. Following I will en
deavor tobrielly sketch the lives of few of
these men , who , having been known as revo
lutionaries in Germany , came to this country
and achieved prominence hero In various
v/avs.
First aud foremost among thcso stand
Carl Sctuir . Carl Schuiv. was born on March
2 , 1S2U. near Cologne. Ilostudled philosophy
and history nt Conn when the revolution
broke out , nnd from there at once hastened
to the scene of notion at Baden , were the
light was hottest. When the revolt was
suppressed and ho became a fugitive ) ho
planned and accomplished nt the risk of his
own lifotho escape of Professor Gottfried
Kinkel , who was confined at the fortification
of Spaudau for high treason nsan accomplice
in the revolution. KluUcl was Schuw's pre
ceptor at college , and by the daring feat ,
characterized as it was by the most loyal do-
votlon to a friend , Schuiv. exhibited in nn
eminent degree the noblest qualities of
manhood. Ilooscnpcd with Kinkul to London
where ho supported himself by giving lessons
hilaugua03 and muslo. In IS.V1 no came to
the United States , and bis career hi this
country Is well known to the public. In 185 > 5
lie , like all other prominent Germans In
America , took a loading part in the Fremont
rcampaign. . In 1SOO ho was an influential
member of the national convention at Chi-
cngo which nominated Abraham I-ilncoln , nnd
the speeches ho delivered during the cam-
ipnlgn Throughout the country , both In Eng-
lish and Gorman , nro ranked without stint as
among the most eloquent nnd effective of
that memorable epoch. President Llnc-oln ,
shortly after his inauguration , appreciating
Schurz's great worth , nppDlutca hunUalteif
States minister to Spain , where ho remained
until January , 180' ) , when ho roturaod li :
order to take part In the wnr for the union.
Ho rose cmlckly to the rank of major genonil
and served to the end of tlio war with dls-
Unction. In 1S05 ho was appointed by Prcsl-
dent Andrew Johnson commlsslonof to ro-
port on tno condition of the south , whllo In
I SOS the legislature of Missouri elected him
United States senator. In 1S7J ho stood at
otho head ot the liberal movement , which ro-
suited in the nomination of Horace Groelny
for president. Four years later ho was ono
of the ni < i3t prominent advocates of the oloc-
tion ot Rutherford H. Hayes , nnd during the
ensuing administration ho held the portfolio
of secretary of the interior. Schurz was
oalways a staunch advocate , of civil service-
reform and thU nerved n number of year. * ago
to cstrango him from the ruling party , but In
whatever path ho walked during tlio presl-
kdcntlul campaigns of the last twenty-four
years , ho has novcr followed ought but his
innermost convictions. Tor the high oral-
nenco on which ho now stands ho la Indebted
oalone to hla transcendent abilities , and not to
the urts or wills of the demagogue.
III * oratory li of the highest
order ; Uo combine ) philosophical thought
nnd keen logic w-lth nn tncxhaustlhlo
wealth of knowledge , elcganco of diction ,
poctlo boanty and a manly fervor. Ho also
ranks high as an author ; his llfo of Henry
( 'lay Is a noble work , and wo uro assured that
othoHoiiually meritorious on American his
torical topics may bo looked for from his pen.
A man of high literary attainments , whoso
reputation ns an author both hero and in Ku
rope Is llrmly founded , is Frederick Knpp ,
Ho was born In 1W1 , studied Jurisprudence
between the years isij and 1845 at Heidel
berg and Ucrlln , came to Americans a revo
lutionary u.xllo lu is.'o. Ho was soon admitted
to the bar of Now York and practiced law lu
Now York City until 1STO , when ho returned
to his native country. In ISC.3 ho wasnp-
pointed by the governor of Now York emi
gration cotntnlssloitnr. During1 the antislavery -
slavery agitation preceding the war ho woto
n history of slavery In the United States
which did much to * enlighten the Gorman-
sneaking population of tbo United States
nbout the moral wrong of slavery ns well ns
the economic disadvantages resulting from
that peculiar institution. AmoiiR his other
works which nro widely circulated anil read
with Interest by thn Germans of both hemis
pheres nro "History ol German Immigration
In Now York , " "Life ot Huron voiiStcuben , "
"fjife of General do Knlb , " "Frederick the
Great ana the Uliitcd States , " and others.
After his return to < Germany in 1870 , all
political exiles having been previously am
nestied , he quickly rose to recognition , was
elected member of the , German parliament ,
nnd turned the oxpjriencovhloh ho had nc-
qulro.l during Ids residence. In the United
States concerning the political Institutions of
a free country to good advantage. For a
number of years hovus correspondent for
the Now York Nation and other American
periodicals. He died ntHerlinin 1S3I.
Among these of the political exiles of IS 19
who settled in the west were the two
brothers , KMIITS Andross lleinrieh Schneider
and George Schneider. The former , who
Rrutuatod ns doclir jurist from Heidelberg ,
find secured fop himself an enviable reputa
tion asajuridlcial writi'rby his work entitled
"Tho Communion of Property Among Mar
ried People Under the Law of Francs. " The
work was translated into the French language
nnd most fnvorablyeommonto.lon byomiii"nt
juriuts both In Franco nnd Germany. It still
holds a high place as a text-book In these
countries.
Tlio brothers at first settled In St. I ouls ,
whore they published a German dally en
titled Die Isouo Zeit. and whew the elder rc-
muiiicd , whllo the younger , George , started
out for Chicago in isr > i. Franz soon after
changed the journalistic career for the bar.
As a public-spirited citizen ho bccamo n
loader , and at the outbreak of the rebellion
oxorcbed a great Inlluoncu in the organization
of Gorman troops for the mnintcmanco of the
uulon. For ninny years ho held tbo position
of chief clerk of the consolidated courts at St.
Louis. He died In ls(57. ( George Schneider ,
who , in the revolution of IS is , nt the ago of
twenty-live yoar.s , was a commissioner of the
provisional republican government of the
Palatinate nnd upon whom tlio death penalty
had boon pronounced , which the legislature
of Bnvnrin removed in Hit ) , bccamo In IS51
part owner and editor of the Illinois Staats-
Xeitung , now a Gennun dailv of wide circula
tion and powerful Inlltienco in Chicago. Mills
was about tbo time of the stormy session of
congress which culminated in the adoption of
tlio fugitive slave law that found in Schneider
on the platform as well as in the columns of
Ills paper n manly opponent. When a few
yniM later the Kansas and Nebraska bill was
introduced , Schneider was amonj ? tlio llrst
who in the Inteivst of free labor , by their
strenuous opposition , aroused the indignation
of tbo western people against the perils of
opening up our tm-itorcs nortu and south
to tbo admission of slavery. Little
prepared , as the western people * < . . ;
' '
fu.lllr * "V- * m * * ' * 'r 'I
l.tT.i * .is they diit to a largo extent , withiho
southern cause , n mob gathered in 1S5. in
front of Schneider's ofllco nnd threatened to
demolish the building , which would liavo
boon done tiad the mob not encountered the
well armed employes behind barricaded door.s
nnd windows. George Schneider was a mem
ber of the National Republican convention In
1S" > H which nominated Fremont for President
as well ns of tbo republican convention of
IbOO which nominated Abr.itmm Lincoln. In
the spring of 18(51 ( ho was appointed by Presi
dent Lincoln , with whom bo was personally
ncciualntodUnited States consul at Ilulsinorc ,
whcro ho was particularly charged , with the
duty of aiding our representatives in onliuht-
cnlng the govcrinnents and peoples of north
ern ISurono as to the , objects of our govern
ment In Its attempt to suppress the rebellion ,
and to pave tlio way , for the sale of our gov
ernment securitiesInKuropo. Thotnskneeom-
plishod.Schncidor returned homo nnd in 1W ,
was appointed by President Lincoln collector
of Internal revenue. In the samoycav he sold
his Interest in the t Illinois Staats-XoiUing ,
which under his administration had beoa a
powerful mainstay to the republican party.
During the war bo Mrtis a member of the union
do fenso committee for the state of Illinois.
When Schneider's term of oftlco closed ho
dovotcd himself to the 'unking business In
which ho achieved A brilliant success. Ho
stands today at the Head of the National
Hank of Illinois , ono of the wealthiest bank
ing institutions in the country , and has for
several years past occupied the hon
orable position of president of the
Bankers' club at Chicago. In 1S7 ho
was offered by President Iln.ves the
appointment of United States minister to
Switzerland , which ho declined. In 1830 ho
was nn elector at largo on tbo GarJleld ticltet.
George Schneider owes his great success as a
politician and financier to the combined qual
ities of sound discretion and strict integrity.
To him honesty is not only tuo best policy ,
but a self-evident cheerful duty with tbo ful
fillment of which no temptation however glit
tering could over Interfere.
Another man who was one of the exiles of
the Gorman revolution of IS4S and left a last-
in jji impression on his countryman in
his eiforts In favor of free
labor w.is Casper RutHo came to this
country in Ib5l ut the ago of twenty-five
yc-irs , lived at llrst In Boston , then in Detroit
and afterward in Chicago , I Its services dur
ing the Fremont and Lincoln campaigns as a
political writer nnd speaker cannot bu easily
overestimated. Ho was likowlsu a poet of no
mean order , some of Ills peens : having secured -
cured an abiding place In German literature.
In 1S5S ho was elected lo a seat in the legisla
ture of Illinois and a ycnrlatorcuosca clerk of
the superior court at Chlna o. In 1ST1 no became -
came ono of the nenitenthiry commissioner ; !
of Illinois. Ho died In the year 1SS1 highly
ostoomeii bv all who know him.
A unique" and highly gifted man who came
to this country as nivsultof his revolutionary
writings , Is Hermann Ulster , the eJitor-In-
chief of the Illinois Staats-XeltungntChlcaijo.
From the moment ho began to wlold Ids pou
us an editor of the Buffalo Demokrat In Ml
UU heart and Intellect were enlisted in the
ciuso of the free labor party. In Ib5) ) ho be
came the editor of the Now Yorker Attend-
JCultung , which under hla leadership became
ono of the most ofiicient republican organs In
the east , Ho came to Chicago In 18(57 and
was made editor-in-chief of the Illinois
Stuats-tfcitun ? , which by his ability has been
lifted to unprecedented prominence among
the German dailies In the country. In ISM
as well ns in 187:1 : Has tor was n member of the
national republican conventions and In the
former It Is largely duo to his Indefatigable
efforts ns a member of the committee on plat
forms that the greenback crnzo which nt that
tlmo threatened to swamp the country , was
frowned down and a hard money plunk was
adopted , Kastor has the reputation of being
n man of exceedingly blunt manners , but
upright and honorable ton fault. Munv years
ago lie was a regular contributor to "Apple-
ton's Cyclopedia and during the war ho was
the American correspondent for the National
at Uerlln , the Allgomolno
X.oltuug In Augsburg , the Woiier Xel-
tung in Dromon and the Ncuo Frolo frossoln
Vienna. In alibis letters ho showed a warm de
votion to the union , and did much tocultivnto
that confluence in Germany , by which such n
ready market for our government bonds lu
the Germany money coalers was secured.
Ills Htylo li alilto vigorous and lucid , rich
with striking sinilltudos anil popular Illustra
tions. and hU literary staiidlnu is as well
founded abroad as at homo.
Ono of the most prolificnnd best known
writers In this country 1 Prof. Alexander J.
School , who came to America In ISTilattho
ago of twonty-llvo years , having completed
his studios at Uonu and Tubingen. Ho ll t
bocauio professor of ancient and modern
languages at tbo Collegiate institute In Mount
Hoilv , and afterwards at Dickinson college ,
Carlisle , Pa. In 1SST ho published In con
nection with Prof , Crooks a Latin-Kiiwllsh
school dictionary , \yhllo two years later ho
bccamo a regular contributor to the Iiow
American cyclopmdta. ami subsequently to
the Annual American ryclopirdhi , for which
lu addition to a great many other articles ,
ho prepared the history- almost all foreign
countries , his contributions to the \vorkcom
prising several ypJuinei. Ho also wrote
a largo number of articles for the
Cyclopaedia of Theological Biblical ,
and Kcclcslastlc.il Lltoraturo Klnco
ISCO ho has lived In Now York engaged
wholly lu literary pursuits both in Gerniau
ami Knglish. About the anmo your there np-
iionrod from his pen the American Kocloilas-
tlcnl Year Hook , which has had two continua
tions In the American Kocleslastlcal ami
Educational Almanac. Prom ISOJ to ISil'.l ho
was ono of tlio editors of the Now YorU
Irluutii * , having under his manaircuient tbo
entire foreign deinrtiuent as well as the edi
torship of the Tribune Almanac. Ho has
idso prepared for tbo National Almanac and
the American Year Book nnd National Hog-
Istor , nil articles relating to foreign countries.
In INV.I ho took charge of tlio preparation and
publication of thoGeriniii-Amorloaii Conver
sations Lexicon , n handsome work of cloven
volumes , which npncarod In IS71. In con
junction with President Barium ! of Co
lumbia college , New York , lie lilcowlso toolt
charge of tlio publication of Johnson's Unl-
voMiil Illustrated Cydopodla. : A universal
table based upon "HuobnorV Statistician
Tnbelle , together with a statistical number
of other works of great merit have sineo
becnimbllslied by him , Hois still living lu
Now York ,
The exodus of learned young men from
Germany on account of the revolution of
IS IS operated ns n rich fertilizer particularly
on the Held of Gorman Journalism In America.
A largo number of highly Rlftod yomiK men
could bo named who devoted their minds and
hearts to the literature of thoday.und hardly
a single case am bo pointed out in which any
of these lent his pen to advocate the interests
of slavery. They wcro to a man staunch sup
porters of five labor , and the Influence which
they wielded on behalf of the republican
party , speaKlng- they did through their or
gans to millions of their countrymen lu their
native language ? , Instructing them In the his
tory of their adopted country ami ciiligliti'ii-
mg them as lo the dulv they owe to It as citi
zens , has beu of Incalculable benefit to the
country nt largo. U afore the arrival of these
exiles the German press of America was but
nn Insignificant factor In our politics ; they
were the nieii who raised it ton power in the
land , nnd while It has boon divided on the
general Issues of the day since the war nnd
the reconstruction of the union , it was before
and during the war almost unanimous In its
opposition to these elements which threat
ened to perpetuate slavery and to destroy the
union. Many of these mon have long since
passed away , but In gratitude to their mem
ory it Is duo that brief mention bo made hereof
of Deriihanl Domsehko , editor of the Mil
waukee Herald aud an olllccr In the union
army during the war of the rebellion. Christ
ian Ksslen , editor of the Atlantis , Otto
Kovcntlow , the mneinouiclan nnd Kuiil
Kotliakor , both of Cincinnati , Dr. Adolnh
U'lusner , publisher of Dor Golst derAt ,
Carl Helnzoii , the radical of the Boston Plo-
nler , Frederick Ilausstiurek , the orator and
Journalist of Ohio. George Ilillgacrlner aud
Daniel HortleoC St. Louts , to till of whom ,
besides many others , the country is greatly
Indebted for their noble efforts on behalf o'f
human freedom and the union of the states.
Others like lleinrieh Uournstein , colonel of
one of the four German regiments that cap
tured G'tunpJaokson ' in Missouri at the out-
broalc of the wnrnnd now and for manv years
past the correspondent of tlio Illinois Staats
/citungat Vienna ; Gottfried Kcllncr , editor
of the Philadelphia Demokrat ; Kuill Pr.io-
torlus , editor of the Westllchu Post ; Carl
U.ienzer of the Anzoiger des Wostcns , both
of St. Louis. Wilhclm Knpp of the Illinois
Staats Xoitunir and formerly of tlio Baltimore - '
moro Weckcr , ISdnard Scldaeger , formerly of
the Illinois Stunts Zoitung and now in Berlin ,
Prussia , Dr. Hnnskudllch nnd Siginund
Kaufman , both of New York , nro still among
the living and active in their calling- , the
most ofthemns journalists.
It will bo remembered that aLLl1jj"j ) |
above refcrrftLtoaMCliruomirioa from 1S4S
wore v jf enthusiasts , fresh from school
mid inspired by ideas for wnich they wcro
ready to sacrifice thuir lives.
It has never been claimed that any one of
these men were actuated by seltlsh motives ,
and the worst that their opponents have been
able to urge against them is that they wcro
misguided youths. The case is different ,
however , with those who , In the rlpr years
of manhood , acted as leaders in the move
ment , whoso previous career in Germany as
well as their revolutionary conduct is there
fore well knoivu , and whoso chaivictor in
Germany affords to the searcher after truth ,
n study as interesting and Instructive as that
relating to the American c.irecr of the
younqer men. As already intimated , the
scones In thollttlo grandducny of Badou were
the most exciting , and it Is tlicro where the
revolutionary p.irty held sway for a time
after they had succeeded In driving- the
monarchical government from the country.
The principal leaders In the movement were
Frederick iloelcer , Lorenz Jlroiitano and
Gustuv Struvc , all three of whom came to
this country after the okl svstem was re
stored. The events of the BaJish revolution
have been written up from different stand
points , but none has treated ttiem so ex
haustively us the eminent German historian ,
Ludwlg Haeusscr , professor of history at
Heidelberg , In bis work entitled , "Dculc-
wurdlgkoitonAusdcr Badlscbon'Kovolution , "
published in 1331. Ho is a keen observer of
men and events , records the facts faithfully
and persuades the reader that the conclusion
ho draws relating to the character of the
[ ciders Is fully justified. A personal ac-
qalntnnce of many years' standing with , the
actors in the drama facilitated the work of
rendering ntruo account of these inemor.iblo
events , It may bo added that ho Is thoauthor
of a history of the reformation , and of a his
tory of the German people from the close of
the thirty years' war in 10IS to the close
of the Napoleonic wars in 1S15 , both
works of universally recognized merit.
In the case of Friedrich Hecker wo are
advised by some of his best and dlscrclcst
friends that the judgment of the historian is
admirably well foundedand Intbatot 1/orcnz
Hrentano the fact Is that the men of his own
partv who were members of the revolutionary
government under him speak of him sub
stantially in the same spirit , In which ho is
treated by Ludwlg Hneusser. For a better
appreciation of tlio career of these two men
in this country , and in the interest of truth ,
it may , therefore , not bo out of place to quote
a few passages from Ilaeusscr's work.
About Friodrlch Hecker , the historian has to
say :
"Before the revolution Friedrich Hecker
was the spoilt child of tlio liberal opposition.
Since ISlvi n member of the Uadi.sh chamber
of deputies ho ro presented the youthful , tin-
fermented and stormy element of the Badish
left. Endowed by nature with brilliant
taloatsas a public speaker , gifted with all ex
ternal advantages nnd a charming and lively
Individuality , skillful ns a dialectician nnd
quick in ropirtoe , like the bast routined ad
vocate ; ho was in reality the Percy Hotspurof
the Badish revolution and with his Impetuous
and passionate temper and hlg > i Iligtits of
fancy a strong support for the party with
which he trained , though It was impossible to
keep him In discipline. Naturally inclined to
bo eccentric , peculiar and odd , without tlio
lust nuusuroof a moro refined mental train
ing , ho was and always romnlnol tbo gay
student , who conducted politics as ho would
crack n student's joke without premedita
tion , fickle-minded , a parfoet moJol of a
student's nonchalance. Ills Ideas were In a
state of wild fermentation , nclearpolitic.il
system could not bo brought out of him. Ho
had read much , but digested little ; ho lacked
the kind of education which permeates man's
entire being , and docs not only cling to
thu external side of thinir.s-orlsliml
ideas and real political thoughts stood out but
llttlo In his public u iterances , but striking
sentences , similitudes and reminiscences
were Interwoven by him Into n splendid
whole. With a remarkable talent for nega
tion ho could hardly bo taken for a product
ive political gjnlus. Ho would certainly
have become as much of a mediocre revolu
tionary statomian as ho was an excellent
lawvcnmd n skillful speaker. Capricious ,
sensitive , irritable as ho was , endowed with
a largo dose of vanity , ho finally became to
his party a real burden ; discipline and party
tactics were matters which tno whimsical
and interallied man could not bo brought up
to. Still nmonp the several mon of promin
ence who wcro ralsad up by the radicalism of
Baden , during1 the latter days of the revolu
tion Hecker was after all the most tolerable.
Personally ho ha 1 inuny peed qualities. Ho
wai sincere and without knavery , go > d im-
turcdnudbaniiloss toward lib friends , and in
Ills poiMomil lntorcoui-30 nn amiable , though
nu easily irritated man ; susceptible of enthu
siastic emotions nnd tliough Impelled by self
conceit anil uu Imperious nature , lie was hot
governed by tiio low motive that con trailed the
weaklings who followed him , HU talents
nHo placed him high nbovo thosn. Ho had all
the qualities of a first class agitator , know
how to excite the masses and army them
with him and might have become n powerful
partisan , though It may bo doubted If ho wns
the man whoknowhow to mak" ! ! revolution. "
( Boo Hiicso Hnoussor pp. 115 otso . )
Hecker carao to America In hl'J at the ago
of thirty-eight years and settled on a farm
near Hcllovlllo , III. , whcro ho remalnoM to
the end of his Ufa. The excellent qualities
inontlone 1 by the Historian In the forr olns. '
extract stood htm in good stead In this i-oun
try. During the exciting canvass of is'.o ho
throw iiunself Impetuously Into the campalgi
and deiivorcd stirring speeches for frco labor
beforeInimensoOcrinan nudli'iiws throughout
the country. At the outbreak of the war ho
oritanlzodu regiment of Illinois volunteers
and moved with it Into the Held as lu col
onel , but owing to Ins Imperious nature ,
which involved him In serious quarrels Avlth
several lluo ofllivr.s of the roglmi'tit. ho re
signed thocommand In December , bill. In
thosumnicr following ho organized anolhcr
roKlment.at tins head of which ho served
with distinction to tno end of the war , being
seriously wounded ut Chaiiccllorsvlllo. In
the sovornl presidential campaigns from 18.VJ
onward , he did much valuable'mid unselfish
service fortho republican party , both ns n
spcaKer and a writer , nnd though often ten
dered to him ho never accepted or held im of
llco. Hcillctl In Mnrch , isy. .
As to IjOi'enz Hreiituno , I lind on pages l 0
and lot of Ludwlg Haeusscr's historv the
follow , \vhleh 1 translated literally :
"A phenomenon observed In nil revolutions
Is the precipitous decline , the quickly progressing -
grossing deterioration of dciiiiigogy. Witness
thotliuu of irs'.i.Vhat fearful disparity be
tween Mlrabenu and Dantou , between the
latter niul Uoboipiorro nnd Manit. Our revo
lution presents In n smaller measure the .same
spectacle. With Hooker the revolution be 'W ' ;
lu lii'ontano it brought forward u far worse
representative , mid even ho was quickly
ovortiuccii when tbo last restraints were
swept invav.
"With lleckcr , Diviitnno had nothing In
common but the scheming radicalism of the
advocate. Of the Impetuous and exalted
character of the yoiithlul tribune , which
carried the masses with him , of his genuine
lire of unthusfhiin , of his bewitching appear
ance , Urcntuuo possessed nothing ; his whole
niitiiro was that of a common , nye , even of n
low demagogue. Heritor's inaivlduallty , Ids
whole exterior , his ntldross , all these recalled
the moments when the unchained passions ,
with dcinoaiiio power , control the souls uf
men and sweep them irresistibly onward.
I'Yom ' Hrentano , however , ono could only hear
the demagogue's venomous art of calumnli-
tlommd sophistry. Himself cold and seltlsh ,
Incapable of an enthusiastic emotion , with
out an elevating thought , without ideas nnd
without itkuls. Ureiitaao snowed in his whole
external appearance , his speech and acts ,
nothing but ttio glib longuoaiui the dialectics
of the advocate , the untiring zeal of the par
tisan , the superior cunning of a pettifogger ,
the brazen face of a demagogue of the worst
order. His speech was cold and sober , only
warmed up artificially by personal spite anil
by false und acrimonious denunciationswhile
his bearing exhibited nn unspeakable inso
lence , snueriitf ; nnd full of personal pill and
when anger and wrath overpowered him It
was doubtful whether thu whole appearance
of the iinn was more disgusting than
hideous.
"AVo know well that the roloof artificial
moderation which ho played later on bespoke
for him a somewhat milder criticism , but the
truth Is , of all men Avho in Murch isH tools
part in imblic life In Baden , nobody bears
such a terrible persoiial responsibility as ho ,
nnd none has deserved thu contempt of all
parties , at the end even of his own , as did
Lorcni Brontuno. "
Tlio historian shows among other things
Unit Lorcm Brentano becnmo a rebel against
the lladlsh government for no other reason
but because of bis disappointed ambition to
bucanio a minister In the little duchy , and
that his own friends often charged him with
being possessed of "a porlufou'illu wuuV' ( a
r.igo for a portfolio. )
l oronz Jirentuno came to this country in
ISl'.t.Hlthe ' ago of thirty-seven years. Ho llrst
settled in Pottsvllle , 1'a. , where ho started u
Gorman newspaper , In which , however , no
"hsaststtorjssftil."rltttrolacMho vtontrto"
Cnlama/.oo , Mich. , where ho took nn interest
n a brewery until about thu year 1SOU. Dur-
ng thcso years ho remained neutral In tlio
; rout light for American free labor , not luiv-
tig , so far as is known , cither written or
poken a word in fay or of either party until
u cnmo to Chicago about tlio1 year 1 W. In
Vpril ISfiL ho secured an interest In tlio 1111-
ois Staats uitung aud in ItiiU bought out
leorgo Schneider and became the editor of
10 paper. In IStt" ho sold out his interest to
. . ( J. llc.slng , organized a paper in opposition
o tlio Staats Kcitung under the 11:11110 : of
"ohiszoitung , but gave it up lisa failure in
SOS. From lS < i , " > to life ho was a member of
10 boiii'd of education of Chicago and did
lueh to introduce German into the public
cliools. In tbo spring of l.Sli ho went to
Ourope , whcro bo remained until the winter
f isri. In September of the same year ho
as appointed bv President Grant United
tatci consul at broaden , which position ho
t'signcd early in 1S7C. In tha summer of
nit year ho presented himself to the ropub-
can state convention at Springfield , 111. , ns
candidate for secretary of state , but lulled
0 get the nomination. In the fall of Itfil ho
uccccded , however , in being elected a mem-
or of congress from ono of the Chicago dis-
riots , but when ho sought n renoininallon
wo years later , ho failed. Inl r'J ho obtained
rom the judges at Chicago a rcconimciida-
ion to the governor of Illinois foraa appoint
ment as Justice of the poneo , and the governor
ccordinglv appointed him , but the senate of
lie statej Lieutenant Governor Andrew
Sliumau , editor of the Chicago Evening Jour-
al , presiding , voted not to confirm him ,
inco which time ho bus withdrawn from pol-
tics , lie isstill living hi Chicago.
As to Gustav Struvc , n man of fair literary
ability and very prolillo as un author , it is
; enerally conceded that ho was aaunconipro-
iiislng radical republican and uu impractical ,
houyh well meaning visionary. Ho lind done
nueh literary work in Germany mid after Ills
rrival in the Unitou States , resumed the
.jublicatlonof a Gorman weakly called Dor
Jeutscho Zusehaur , which ho hud previously
lublished in Naiinliehn , Baden , but of
vhich ho did not make u success.
Ictwccn thoyears ISHI and 1S515 ho published
1 universal history of the world in six volumes
vhich was subsequently continued to the ox-
.cut of niiio volumes and which has secured
mlto n circulation. There also Issued from
ils pen several books on phrenology , n scl-
cnco to which ho was deeply devoted and also
a work 011 vegetarianism , in which ho llrmly
jaliovcd. At the outbreak of the war ho en-
istod as a private In a New York regiment ,
was soon poomoted to a captaincy , anil served
until late in IStW. In , IMVi ha wns appointed
United States consul at Somiobei'g , but thu
Saxon Duchlod refused 'to giy > him the
exequatur. Ho died in Vienna in 1S70.
Notwithstanding some slight disadvantages
the inllux of men of letters from Germany
resulting from the political disturbance in
that country before its unification , hiu been
to th'3 country an incalculable blesiing. 1
reserve fora subsequent article the material
afforded to show how many able und brilliant
soldiers who came to this country under
similar circumstances as these above iiK-n-
tloncd , did. noulo service on the battle Holds
of the union during the war of the rebellion ,
and nlso how inuneiiso tbo Hocks of immi
grants wcro who were thrown upon
our ihore-s as pirticipanUs lu the strife of
IbIS , and who by thulr Intelligciu'o and
industry beautilled and enriched our fields
and rendered moat essential aid in the build
ing up of our industries. I'lio foregoing or
tlclo may servo to show to u limited extent
how largely the American Intellect evinced
in letters and politics was augmented by
these Gorman uxllos. Nor may It bo amiss
to state in conclusion that earnest study and
profound learning were at all times largely
represented by the Gorman immigrants of
previous periods. Wo load in the history uf
LiiiiiMslcr county , .Pennsylvania , that the
students of Harvard collcgo wcro surprised
at finding among tlio early German Immi
grants so miiiy profound Latin scholars who
spoke tlio hatin as llucntly ns their own na
tive language. Dr. Kuatzo In Ilia last con-
turv was praised by the American scholars
as the founder of Hebrew and oriental phi
lology in America. Father Oturbeln was a
'
I'ro'teutnnt divine who came to America
about the year l5'i. ' at the ago of twenty-six
years , and died nt IJiiltlmoroin the year I Mil.
"Is Father Ottorbeln dead I" ox claimed
DHhop Ashbui'lon upjii hoarlni : the
nowu of his demise : "Great and good
man of God ! Honor to his church und his
country ! lie was ono of the groato.it scholars
and theologians who over came to this
country or was hero. " And thus spoke the
puro-mlnded Chui'lo.s Sunnier on the death o'
John SwurU , n ropwsont.itlvo In cougi-at * '
from I'oniisylvunia , in the sonatochuinbor ot
the United Statoi , Juiioiil , iniO :
"Tho bravo and pure CJormun stock whicli
oven from that early day , wliou llrst rovoulei !
to historv In the Bliiirp und clean-wit style ol
Tacitus , has preserved Its original peculiar
Itlos untouched by change , showing that ,
though the Individual IH mortal thui race n
Immortal. Wo cannot foiyet the "Kitli.ir-
land" which out of Iti abundance bus given
to ourropubllo so many good heads , so many
strong arms , with so much of virtue and in-
tcllltronco , rejoicing itifroodoni and calling no
mini master. " Uu. Osc.iil Unifs.
Knsy expectoration , ineroasod powers of
the lung * and thoonJoyniMitof roit , are thu
rownrdi , upon taking Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup ,
to nil consumptive .
Cuts , burns nnd nil ot'inr ' wounds , can hi
cured in u short tlm" by the use of Salvation
Oil , the great-st euro on earth fr pain ,
Price U coats.
NEWYORK CHICAGO- -
'STLOUIS
.DENVER
SAN FRANCISCO LOSANGELQS
> + . - ! PORTLAND. OREGON.llvri
14O9 DOUGLAS.
Shears Snipping ,
Machines Humming ,
Busy Needles Plying ,
Every day in the
year at NLCOLLS.
Our Artists sometimes get a
little bewildered , but only for
a moment.
Force of habit and long experi
ence in the tailoring business
insures accuracy of style and
fitting of eve ry garment \vc
make.
Plenty of goods to choose from.
Prices \v/thin reach of all.
Trousers $5 $ to $15
Suits $20 to $50
Overcoats $15 to $45.
Open cvory evening now forbusjpoo-
T > lo to como.
Hail orders are part of our business.
14O9 DOUGLA.S.
ASOMETJIINC5XI3\V-1.00 nn liour MBlty
Hindi ) t > y Ajri-ms , innlo tjr fninnlo. Stun-
Iilonml full imrtlculiirsfrou. OIIAS , K. MAR-
sn.u.i , . Lockvurt. Jf. V.
n HAVE it
Just what you arc looking'
for. Black Cheviot Suits ,
made in single and double-
breasted sacks and three-
button cutaways , all at
popular prices. \Vc\voulcl
also call your notice spec
ially to the fact that \ve have
a very large assortment of
Black Clay Worsteds in
coats and vests for semi-
i
dress wear. These goods
are made and trimmed in
the bestmanncr , and a per
fect fit guaranteed ,
l01l ; SEVERE COUGHS OR COLDS
Dr. F" . C. "Werner's
COUGH DROPS
\
Are highly rocominoiulod nftor seven *
years of micccflslul oxporlonco by the *
solo manufiuiturow ,
Kopp , Dreibus&Co , ,
STKAM CONIMJTIOXEUS ,
1106FarnamSt. , Omaha , Neb.
Sold everywhere , Go per ptu
Sand for snmplca ,
HJf
H w w mm * r- - mwm OM r
nutTrrlno : from tliotltrcunf yuutlifulerrorsf"f'JJ
rpn' a vnlnvilc , Irpiillwi ( wolwli conUlnliiil full
nurllo'ilar ' * tor homo c-urr , fllKH < if cliargo. A.
IplciiOUl iiic.llcivl work - > hoiiil ; . } * rrl liyiitry
inun vvh'i U nrrvmn tin.I , lol.lltaU'it. | Adarcu.
ITol. I'.C. -O\VLHIl.nooUU C'oUll