ILLEiiRAPII SibltJIS
They are iu Success "ul Oparatlon in All
Important Countries.
SATISFIED WITH THE SERVICE ,
Hliow That Government Con
trol In Clmraetcrl/.ccl by Honesty ,
J > niclcncy and Keonomy
StatJHtlcM on the Subject.
China Is the only country In the world In
whlrh the postal service Is conducted by
private enterprise , writes Hronson U. ICeelor
in the Juno 1'oruni. The only country In the
woi lil , of any Importance. In which the trio-
ginphlc service Is so conducted , Is the United
States. In very nearly all the clvlll/cd lands
thrso two functions are held to belong prop
erly to government. Even China concedes
this , at least In part , as to the telegraphs.
Why the United States should bo so Tar be-
. .lilndtho lest of the world In this Important
Ovjiintter , Is not easily accounted for Perhaps
j , nhc best explanation Is , that when the Aineri-
ran colonists achieved their Independence
they had sufToicd so much from governmental
contiol that they wished to reduce It to the
minimum. Apiculture was at that tlmo al
most the solo occupation , fertllo land was to
be had In .such abundance for nothing that
every man who deslied could own and con
duct his own business : and the spirit of In
dustrial Independence was stimulated to such
a de 'tco that the general sentiment was ,
oveiy man for sotno business , and every
business by some man. The utilisation of
steam , elect ! Icily , and machinery , and the
spceliilli'atloti of Industries requiring the eo-
opciution ofgieat armies of workers with
vast capital in the performance of functions
in cessury for all , have since thnt tlmo devel
oped the economic ; condition under which
Homo lines of business hccomo In their niituie
monopolies , and me therefore best conducted
by government The natural 01 the aitlflclal
sciucity of hind In Eutopcan countries has
enabled their people to perceive earlier than
wo a truth which the accessibility of ua
abundance of hind has rendered ohscuic to
us , and In the practlc.il application of this
301 HNp r tn th the telegraph hns been among the first
tilings to receive their consideration. The
lelatlon of the various countus ! to the owner-
jhlnp of the me.ins of electrical communication
"is shown in the following table , which gives
the latest statistical data ohtnlnoblc upon the
subject , mainly those for the years lbb and
The table shows that 01 per cent of the
telegiaph lines of the uorld aio owned and
operated by go01 amenta Of the sum total
of Hues , these in the United States , consti
tute moio than itu per cent. Le.ulng this
county outof coiisldoi.itlon , about bS per
cent ot the lein.iinder is under the control of
Kineinments , or , leaving the United States
and Canada out , fully 115 per cent is owned
bj go\uinments ; for in these countries which
aio ci edited in the table with lines under
the contiol of piivato ontcipuso , many of the
lines me owned by i.illways , and aio em-
plo\ed miiinlj for railway pin poses , although
thej servo eommeicial uses under an arrange
ment with the governments. Theio are at
least ! , ( ) , ( ) ( ) miles ofiio in use in the
woild In China the lines aio owned bv the
go\eminent in connection with meichunts'
syndicates , but they mo viitimlly under the
control ot the government In uieeco and in
Dc'iimiulc the laud Hues are owned by the
btate , while the cables connecting the islands
with tun hiainlaud uio under piivato eator-
ptise The : t,000 miles of line In this country
Downed by the goveinment aio used for mill-
f purposes In the wcM , and for metcoio-
logieal services on the Atlantic coast. In a
few countiies commeieinl lines aio owned
both hj the state nnd bj piivato enterpilse ,
and iu a very few , of which Chill Is an ex
ample , the two compete , hat in most cases.
tht'V ' work under an agreement as to intes.
Tailffs vary gieatly In North America
the body of the message only is chaiged for ,
in other countries the addicbs , or the signa-
tuie , or both , are tollable In the United
States the toll ranges fioiu S5 cents to H for
ten words , iiccouliiig to the distance , in the
Aiuuntine Uopublio it isUI cents for ten
woids , and' ' ( ) cents for ciich additional ten
wtuds. In Uenmaik and in Sweden and Nor-
wa.lil . 1 cents for tea woids , and 1 'il cents
fore.ieh additional woid , in Ecuadorcents ! )
for ten woids , In Ugjpt , 41)11 ) cents for ton
woids , in Geiinany , I 4 cents per word , the
minimum being 11 cents per message , In the
United Kingdom , sixpence for twelve woids ,
iu the Capo colonies , ono shilling for ten
woids , and sixpence for eiu-h additional live
winds or pint thereof ; In Ciiiatemela , M cents
for ten words , exclusive of the nddiess ; In
Honduras'Jo cents for ten Spanish words > ,
and double thnt amount for English woids ,
in Italy , L'll cents for fifteen words , and ono
cent for each additional word , in Japan , 1
cents per word , including the address , and
hU'iintuio ; In 1'ortugal , 5 cents for the llitt
woid , nml 1 cent for each additional word , in
IJounmnin , lf > 0 cents per woid ; In Slam ,
Ji oin 1J5 cents to f.'l (15 ( per word , la Switzer
land , ouo-hiilf cent per woid , in Turkey , a to
't cents per word , and In Venezuela , 'M cents
in twelve words. In Now Xcalnnd messages
wo classified as urgent , ordinary and do-
liuod. the rates being respectively'J shillings ,
1 shilling , nnd 0 pence for ten words , with a
Jmlfpcnnj for each additional woid.
In about half of the countries the icecipta
wVt1ji < telegraph depaitment exceed the ex
penditures , and In the remainder they do not
The inference , however , is not necessarily
that in the case of the latter the dopaitments
nro not propeily managed Of some of them
that may ho true , hut in all countries a Inruo
Miaro of the messages Is on publlo business
In Egypt , for example , In lv > 7 , fully r.D . per
cent weio on state alTnlls , and not-I I per
cent chargeable to piivato tralllc , nnd If the
department were solf-sustalnlng , thouseis
of telegraph would pay the cost of transmit
ting not only their own messages , but also
these of the government.
Aveinges nro of Httlo value in determining
distribution within a given country , but they
may bo useful In making comparisons be
tween different countries. With such n pur
pose Is given the subjoined table , showing in
selected states , the number of miles of line in
the various countries relatively to each looo
t > ounro , miles of territory , the number of of-
llces to each 10,000 of population , the average
number of messages sent for each head of
population , the average amount collected , and
the average cost of sending a message The
last tno Items cannot always bo shown with
exactness , for the reason that frequently the
accounts ! of the postal and telegraphic hu-
reuus are united , as they must in the nature
of things bo in some degree , the same officials
having charge of both , the operators ia the
pnmllcr towns being also iHstniasters , and
\\io \ salary and expense account of the two
departments being often Indistinguishable.
Housomiblo accuracy , bowcn or , can bo at
tained.
The lesson of the table is that ia mileage ,
relative number o ( otilces , popular use of the
telegraph , and cost of sending u niObs.ugc1 , wo
uro not in advance of leading countries , und
Uiat wo are even behind some of the inferior
ones So far as Investigation has been made ,
results show that throughout the woild the
government telegraphs are conducted effic
iently , economically and honestly The users
everywhere are satisfied with thescrxlce ,
nnd them Is no country which would tiny
tnoro consider n proposal to soil Its lines to a
romp my , than the peopleof the United States
would entertain ono to transfer their postal
department to private enterprise.
It ls to KnRlnnil thnto may look for the
Inrficst oxpcriuni o to jfuldo us in tills mutter.
The llret telegraph line wns opened in that
country , by n puvuto company , In ISM , und
others quickly followed. By 1854 so numer
ous weio the complaints of oriors. extoitlon-
ate chalRCs , anil inadequate facilities , that
people began to think or government control.
Suggestions of such control were lepcated at
Intervals of u short time , each meeting with
moro favor than the preceding one Just as
the sentiment lias been growing In the
United States until the Edinburgh chamber
ot commerce , In 18iT ( , brought the sub
ject buforo parliament In such n way
us to command the approval of
public sentiment on the part of both the
press and the people ; and a bill was passed
July ill , IMib , "to enable the postmaster gen
eral to acquire , work and maintain electric
telegraphs Hates at that time weio based ,
as herc.on the distance 24 cents for 'JO words
or less , for 100 miles or under ; itO cents for
100 to l)0 ) miles , and 4S cents for moro than
JX ( ) miles. While the bill was pending in par
liament it mot with the most violent opposi
tion from its opponents , and the arguments
which thej usoU were such as are employed
In this country now Thoj say that It was
not the business of the government to carry
on the woik , that Itould be operated by
the goveinment at a less ; that it could bo
butter continued by piivato enteipnso than
by the public ; that tales would be higher
under the state than under piivuto control ,
and that , u-s u lesult. the use of the new
me.ins of communication \\ouldboielatively
UceicMsed rather than increased ; that it was
uu aibitrary and unjust inturfeiciiLO with
pnvutu interests , that the companies had at
gieat risk of capital established u new indus
try , and Justas they weio about to leap their
luwatd the government pioposed despotically
to snatch it from them ; that piivato enter-
pi iso was continually experimenting sj stem-
uUially und extensively to impiove lts _ ap
pliances und its service , \\hereas the 'gov-
finmcnt , having no stimulus of competition ,
\vould be lemlss in tins lespect , that the new
depaitment uould be usedasupolitlc.il ina-
ehtuo. that the seciecy of messages would
bemoielikelj to bo violated ; that the com
panies could be sued for failuie to .vrform
their duty , \\heieas under go\einnicntal con-
tiolnosuch icdiessouldboopen to the
uitucn. The advocates of the measmo denied
all this , and assi-ited that the exact revi'iso
would in every Instance bo true. They de
clined that the telegraph was piopeih an ad
junct of the postal depattment ; that the lines
could bo extended , more offices opened , moio
business tiansacted at u pioiit , and moro elH-
cicntly transacted , under state contiol ; that
as there would bo no diidends to pay , the
piollts would bo used in bettering the ser-
\ice ; that vexatious delays would be less
liable to occur , and that the confidence of the
public in the maintenance of the inviolable
secrecy of the messages would bo increased.
The'bill as enacted Into law piovMed for u
uniform late tluoughout the kingkom of it
cents for the first-0 wotds , not including the
addiess and signature , and 12 cents for each
additional 10 words. This included the cost
of delivery within a icusomible distance.
Payment was to be made in stamps , and pio-
vision was made for icceiving messages in
sttcet letter boxes , to bowhed immediately
after collection Liberal pioislon was made
for newspaper specials , and communications
to news looms , clubs and exchanges ; also
for leasing pnvato lines at an annual rental
The seciecj of messages was insured by mak
ing it a ciime , punishable with one join's im-
pusonment , for an employe wiongfully toie-
veal the contents of anj telegtam.
The government at no tlmo contemplated
the construction of new lines , or any other
plan than \\hich\vascained out the
puichivsoof the existing lines. It was con-
sidoied an injustice for the government , with
Its laigo icsomces , to compete with the cor-
poiatlons. It is not clear why any gienter
haulship is involved \\hentho goveinment
with all its powers competes with a great
i-oipoiation , than when a great coipoiation
with its [ lowers compotes with an individual ;
but the Knglish ptoplo held that such a
course would bo unfair. Neither did the or
iginal bill formally glvo the authorities u
monopoly , although in effect it did , as the
hopelessness of competition by the companies
was appaient ; and uyeurlatera bill was
passed giving the government the exclusive
plivilego of transmitting tclegiams.
The teims weio exceedingly liberal The
six telegraph companies icccived a sum equal
to tw enty times the net profits of the busi
ness for the year ending Juno HO , Ibtib ; fur
ther , a sum equal to the estimated aggiegato
value of the quoted ordinary shaio capital of
the company , reckoned on the highest quota
tions shown'in the ofllclal lists of the London
stock exchange on any day between Juno 1
and ! i > , IMh dates wnich ut that timevvcio
vet in the future ; also , compensation for the
loss of the puispectlvo profits of the company
on the oidlnuiy shines , and any sum that
might bo deteimined upon In consldeiation of
the efforts made bj the company to establish
u unlfoun shilling rate. Besides , special
uwauls woio made to companies for some
valuable patents which they had , nnd all the
salalied emploves of the companies not need
ed by the government weio awarded
pensions. The effect of these terms was to
advance the shares on the stock exchange , so
that the goveiiinient enhanced the price of
the article which It was about to puichase ,
besides giving to the companies n bonus equal
to twenty years' actual profits , and a further
bonus of twenty years' prospective ptollts.
The railways were dealt with In an equally
liberal manner , us an inducement for them to
use their tele-graph lines in future only for
their own business.
Upon these terms the goveinment acquired
77,000 miles of who equipped with the best
apparatus then known , and paid lor the sumo
$ . ! ' . ' , IOS211. This was an avciago piico of
more than Slltl per niilo a most exorbitant
one , as Is shown by the fact that the Fiench
goveinment , which constiucted lines for it
self , had to pay for lls.OOO miles of who , with
equipment , less tliiiu ? W per mile What the
Kngllsh government paid more than J.U'.OOO-
000 for , hud cost the telegraph companies onlv
about $11,000,000 , and was then worth only
about $ > , ( HKuOO. The reason why Knghnul
paid sl\ times us much as Franco for her
lines , was that the English goveinment
bought out companies which weie paying b
and 10 per tent dividends , and it pun hased
not only the plant , but the franchises , the
value of which the English people themselves
had created.
Notwithstanding the enormously high pike
which the Unglish paid for their lines , they
are satisfied with their bargain. It Is a note-
woithy fact that every prediction made by
the onponents of the change has fulled of ful
fillment , and thnt every prophecy mudo bv Its
advocates has been moio thiiu verified Dur
ing the ilrst j ear the number of ofllces wus
doubled , und slnco that tlmo offices tnivo been
promptl } opened wherever the public coin en-
ienco required them , and In places where
under private enterprise theio would have
been none. In 185 the rules were reduced to
six pen co for twelve words , nnd tlicv uio now
the lowest In the world. The service is
prompt , efficient , mm accurate There hus
never been oven the slightest intimation that
the telegraph Is used for political pin poses ,
or Uio slightest fear on the part of the people
that their secrets are not sufo with the gov
ernment. The public look back with surpilso
on the time when the claim vv us mudo that
the business could be butter conducted by
private enterprise than by ttio government
Competition has not bccu found necessary to
stlnutnto invention nnd Improvement , for the
engineers of the departtneut nro in the front
line of electrical nulence , nnd Improved de
vices not only follow ono another rapidly , but
they nro Immediately adopted. In fact , it has
born found that tnodesire to Incicnso the
public convenience U n bolter stimulant with
them than the demand of stockholders for
gienter dividends , nnd they servo the govern
ment more efllelently thnn they did n private
company. The newspaper ptvss Is on n bet
ter footing thnn ever befoie. the provincial
jouinnls having n telegraphic service thnt
would have been Impossible under the former
system There isno opposition to the new
order , except from u verj few who lost vnlu-
ublo privileges by the chnnge. Just as with
us there me no postofllcc millionaires , nnd no
speculation In postofMco stock , so under the
new order In England tlicro nro no telegraph
millionaires , nnd no speculation In telegraph
stock. The financial history of thodepiut-
mentnnd the expansion of the business slnco
that time , nro shown hi the accompanying
table.
Not only hns the business been conducted
at n profit , but It hns expanded enormously.
Within the years stated , the Increase In pop-
ulntlon has been IS per cent , the Increase In
the number of letters cniricd 70 per cent , nnd
the increase in the number of telegrams 435
per cent In the United States in the same
time , the incicnsu In population has been W )
per cent , nnd the Increase In the number of
messages 3sO per cent. In the ration of In
crease of messages to Increase of population
the English have beaten us three to one. The
only thing they can regret Is the too high
price paid for the lines , for while the iccelpts
In nineteen years hav c exceeded the operat
ing expenses by C3-JtOl : > l5 , the Interest on
the purchase and the impiovomcnt money ,
mainly the former , has been i'.VOO.OOo ; thus
causing u deficiency The present indebted
ness of the depaitment Is about $30,000,000 ,
which has recontlv been placed ut 2 % per
cent Interest. With this low rate , und with
the rapidly Incicaslng volume of business , n
sinking fund may bo established. But the
fact. Is that nt the end of nineteen j ears the
government has neaily doubled its telegraph
debt , owing mainly to its bad bargain.
"g i
I ?
II
u ii ti ti to
eS
3 ?
5V.o
siirplii i47,42i ( tSurplus X'OU
} t Iftoc'ii months The lineal yaar n a changed In
1870 to termlnato on M.irch Jl.
We may profit by their expoiience. They
liadboveral companies to deal with ; wo have
practically but , one , and the cases are theip-
lore difTeient The Western Union telegraph
companj is stocked and bonded for $100,000-
000 ; the plant can bo duplicated for about
? r > ,0)0 ( ) With this difTeience bct\\ ecu real
and paper values , the puichaso of the plant
without scandalous jobbeiy Is tiniiossitile
If the puichase wei-e seriously contemplated ,
the sh.ues would advance in price. The
practical step is for the government to con
struct lines between the leaduiK cities of the
countiy and to compete , as a determined op
position comoany would do , and as is con
templated by two fairly good bills now pend
ing in congrcss.g When the shines of the
Westein Union shall reach a icasonablo in ice-
in the open market , let the goveinment buy
them ; then theie can bo no coiruptlon
Thcio is no danger of the shares going below
their leal value , mid thus of any ono being
"lobbed " Sixty-live Amei lean citizens huvo
n moral right to otgunizo competition with
the Western Union company ; have notsKty-
11 vo millions an equal light ) The few holders
of shares would lese money } Speculators
take that chance knowingly. The people of
the United States cannot guarantee profits on
on investments. "Tho widows and ot plums
with their little all in telegraph stock , " aio a
myth ; tno deserving poor have no savings in
speculative paper A pioposal toleaso exist
ing lines' or to "compensate" somobouy for
nothing , should not be cntcit.iincd. When a
new device is introduced by which ono man
does the work of ten , no one talks of compen
sating the nlno men who me displaced , al
though they may have spent their lives in
learning their tiade , and may bo too old to
acquiio a new ono. If a means can bo found
of conducting the telegraph business more
efficiently und moio economically than now ,
there should bo no thought of "compensat
ing" the discarded method , beyond lofunding
the capital invested in In plant. Why should
the people pay moio for a thing than
they can get another just like for i Hccent
consular icports show that the civilised
woild is moitgaged up to ne.u ly its full in-
teiest-pay ing capacity. The indications mo
that this country is > but little if at all better
oft. We ought not , in initiating the govein
ment ownership of telegraphs and lailwajs ,
to commit the unutterable tolly of buulcning
with mortgages our childion to the tenth or
twentieth geneiation , recanso of a nicie sen
timent that n man who has pitched his expec
tations sulllciently high is entitled to got
something for nothing , and that he ought not
to bo disappointed. And the telegiaph offeis
a good opportunity for beginning might.
( tllnnsti bill T.fliT. by Mr. Wiulu ; and house
bI117W8 , , by Mi. Taylor.
An AliHomte Cure.
The ORIGINAL AUIKTINE OINTMHNT
Is only put up In largo two-ounco tin boxes ,
and Is an absolute euro for all sores , burns.
wounds , chapped hands and all skin eruptions
Will positively euro all kinds of piles. AsU
for the OUIUINAL AIJ1KT1NK OINT
MENT. Sold by Goodman Drug company ut
.5 cents per box bv mail DO cents
Furmci'H DiKContc-iitcd.
The Russian farmers , like these of the
United States , appear to bo fully nlivo to
the dlbiid. vantages they labor under from
atari ! ! designed to bonollt the manufac
turing clabM'h. Sovoial largo furmun > in
south Hii.sbia have iniulo roprubontatioiib
to tlio Imperial government requesting
that the duty impobcil on foreign agri-
uultural machinery smoulil bo dimin
ished , Bays the London News. They
claim that heavy hwbos are sustained by
thorn owing to the prohibitive duty
lately Introduced to piotect a handful of
homo manufacturcra and at the bamo
time they point out that the whole bur
den of the imposition JH berne by them.
The loss to them liibt hiimmor from this
caiihO is cbtimatcd by them at 050,000
rubloa.
" "Pis strange , passing htrango , " that
parents will let their children die with
dipthoria when it is a noted fact that
Dr. Jelforib' preventive and euro novel1
fails in any cabo. Twenty-live years'
trial has proven it. No physician re
quired. Hest references given. Price
$3. Address box 057 , Onmha , Nob.
China anil iJaiuui at Oildw.
In well informed circles the prospect
of war between China and Japan is being
seriously dibciibsed , baj.s tt > London
Figaro. The bono of contention is
.lapan'b claim to the Lul Chin islands as
Japanese territory , and as the Chinese
are said to bo determined to light unless
Japan gives up the islands in question ,
it is quite possible that the HgliUng may
ensue. At a-H events , the Chinese gov
ernment ib said to bo energetically pre
paring a Hquadron for acti\o soivico , a
fact which perhaps sorveb to account for
the recent marked increase of lUibsla'n
naval and military borvicos in the far
Cllbt.
The now olllces of the great Rock fs-
lund route , 1002 , Sixteenth and Furnam
btreot , Omaha , are the finest in the city.
Call and bee them. Ticketb to ull points
east nt lowest rutoa
OF INTEREST TO WARMER
Effect of the Dry Weather qu Productions in
Southwestern lowp.
VALUE OF THE COUNTRY CREAMERY ,
Fertility Why tlie
3111k Should Fount Sinking Kusp-
berries The Host Cyi'li , for Ku-
llnjc I'crpctMHtlMg Hreedw.
Contributed.
The dry weather for tlu-oo yours pnst
hns inntcrlnlly damaged the grasses
in southwestern Iowa uiul considerable
complaint is heard about the wells going
dry. Were it not that the country is re
markably well adapted to vegetable
growth without rain the crops would
have proven n failure for several years
past. There is no hardpun underlying
the rich soil of that country and during
dry weather the moisture rises from below -
low by capillary attraction and as a Con-
f-equonco no crop failures occur there.
The first ei op of blue grn-.s this year ,
that which produces the btem and seed
will bo very short and will not furnish
such line decorations for their agricul
tural palaces as they did last year. The
farmers of that country are doing well , as
is evidenced by the fact that their mort
gaged indebtedness is largely decreasing
and farms without some now improve
ments in hou es , barns , buy sheds , horbO
or cow stables , are exceptions to the
general rule. As compared with five or
bix yours ago the farms in that part of
Iowa are moro productive , stocked with
more and better animals , furnished with
moro commodious buildings and a better
variety of fruits and the people present
a moro contented and prospetousappear
ance.
In Nebraska and Iowa , as compared
with the large and costly town cream
eries , the neighborhood country cream
eries arc proving a sueeobb. In the
former the investment is too largo and
profits must bo considerable to even pay
interest. The work of gathering in the
milk is great and involves an expense
that but few of these largo creameries
can allord. Taxes in the larger towns
are high as well as pasturage and other
feed. All this is avoided in the country
creameries and the transportation of the
butter and cheebo from the neighbor
hood creameries to the cities does not
equal the additional expenses ° f the city
ci eanieries. Moro of these country
eieumcricb will pay and thereby lessen
the supply and increase the price of
corn.
Exclusive grain farming is reducing
fertility at u fearful rate and the only
remedy in the west is , grass growing ,
especially clo\or. The well atlesled
success iii rufertili/ing lands by a change
lo grabs crops opens the \va.\ for an im
provement in livestock beyond anj tiling
our farmers have contemplated and now
when the decline in the cattle trade lias
reached bediock , and is pi enuring for
Ihoupwaid tendency , is a good time to
change from corn to grass. In stock
raising our farmers cannot compote in
prices with the ranchmen , neither can
Iho latter compete with the former in
quality. Tame grasses and good stock
will soon bring victory for the farm , as
against the range , cattle. The range
gt ash is constantly on the decline while
the tame grasses are growing in import
ance.
Good milk always foams and this foam
ing may bo considered as an index to the
quality of Iho milk. When the milk is
dead and does not foam the cow is not in
good condition and tioublo may bo ex
pected in the churning. The milk ab
sorbs from the cow any abnormal pro
duct and is the first thing aftecled by
exposure to cold , insiillicientfood , or bad
waor.
In reply to letters from Boston Secre
tary Rusk suy- > that there could be pro
duced in the United States with no limi
tations of piactienl importance , all the
races and breeds of sheep in the world
and that soil and climate have nothing
to doitli the iiibiilliciont supply of cer
tain classes lie gives it as bib opinion
that if carpet wools have not been pio-
duccd in sufneient quantities it is be
cause they have been discriminated
iigfiiiiat in the tariff rates. With a pro
perly adjusted tariff a great impetus
would bo given to the sheep industry in
ttie o western states and herein can bo
extended the ollorts toward moro divor-
bilied industries.
Owing to the drought in the north
western states continuing so long the
hog crop will probably bo short and
prices range high. Recent r.iins arc am
ple for other crops but too Into to insure
a good hog crop. The first crop of blue
grass and clover will bo light but the
second crop will probably turn out well.
Conbequontly blue grass seed will bo
scarce and clover bccd plentiful.
Staking Itasplierrles.
I have been raising raspberries a good
many \ears , and I think I have a plan
that holds up weak plants , and all oth
ers , with the least possible work to ac
complish it ; and that is as follows :
Drive a stake at each end of the rows
firmly , writes a contributor to Farm and
Fireside. Got whatever amount you
may need of No. 12 galvanized wire ( this
never rusts ) , and stretch it just taunt
from stake to stake. As a mutter of
course , your berries must bo trimmed
before training them this way. Fasten
the wire not higher than fifteen or eigh
teen indies from the ground on the
stakes , and have it as high as wanted in
the body of the row. Uond all the canes
that lean on ono side of the row down un
der the wire to the opposite side , whore
they will stay of their own accord. The
canes that lean to the other side can bo
borved the sumo way , and ono man , when
ho gets up to the business a little , can
put moro vines to the wire than four men
can tie to stakes , and then the vines are
spread all along the row , which lets in
light and air , besides being easily culti
vated. When I Hist began to use wire ,
I thought it necessary to drive stakes
about o\ory thirty feet to hold up the
wiie , but that was work thrown away
a stake ut each end being sulllclent , and
1 have row s forty rods long. I have been
cultivating the Souhogan or Tyler , us it
is the earliest berry ami produces well.
Two years ago last mmnnur it averaged
nearly $10 per stand of two bushoN. The
last two seasons ft has not sold so high.
ThnftPHl Variety of Corn for
Quito a radical change has taken
place as to the best variety of corn to
raise for ensilage. For a time 13. & W.
corn , a southern variety of sweet corn ,
was all Iho nige , and was advocated be
cause it pi oduecd an enormous amount
of fodder , sa\B the Nebraska Fanner.
Being a southern variety it did not ma
ture in our northern climate , and as has
been found , produced u crop which
though abundant in quantity was defic
ient in quality. At n , number of farm-
era' institutes held in other states the
past winter there has boon considerable
discussion as to the value of onsllago aa
a food , and much of the complaint of the
lack of nutriment in corn ensilage IB
found to bo duo to- the fact that such QII-
Bilago v > as from corn which does not fully
mature in our northern climate , or from
corn grown so thickly us to present the
foj'tqntion of ears or ripening of the
grain.
The Cornell university experiment
station has lately Issued a , bulletin entitled -
titled "Growing Corn for Fodder and
Ensilage , " in which are given some very
interesting experiments In determining
the value of different varieties of corn
for ensilage purposes.
Forty-one varieties of corn wore
planted , including all that were ndver-
tUed as available for ensilage purposes.
In summing up the result of their in
vestigations in this bulletin they say :
"First , wo wish lo emphatically repeat
our recommendations of last year that
in growing corn for ensilage euro should
bo taken to select the largest variety
that will fully mature before frost in the
locality where grown.
"Special attention is called to the fact
that heretofore it has been a common
practice to sow or plant corn for fodder
and ensilage entirely too thick. Starch
and sugar are not fully developed with
out an abundance of sunlight. * * *
"So far all experiments go to show
that the effort should bo made to raise
the largest yield of grain irrespective of
stalks , no matter what purpose it is in
tended for. "
Ono year's experience with the silo
teaches that for Nebr.iska the best va
riety of corn for ensilage is dent corn ,
and that the best manner in which to
raise it is as Hold corn , and the moro
grain in the ensilage the moro value it
will have us a food ration.
Of the dent variety the bulletin re-
fened to says :
"All things considered it seems to us
that that \urioty of dent corn4hat will
approach fairly well toward maturity In
ordinary seasons is the host for ensilage
purposes. " _
I'ci'pctiuitinK the Ilrceds.
Wo find the following from the Swlno
Breeders1 Jounul contains sotno excel
lent thoughts. Not only our hog raisers
but our horse urn ! cattlemen us well , may
find suggestive thought in it.
A movement in the right direction is
that of the Illinois Auxiliary association
as presented in their call for May 28th.
The future success of the many breeds
of swine depends entirely on the ideal of
the breed us entertained and recogni/ed
by breeders. Let this ideal bo of an in
dividual or sectional formation and it is
simply a matter of time when that breed
on which its representatives are dhided
will disappear. The time has long
pushed when the superiority of the thor
oughbred is established by a comparison
with the scrub. It is now thoroughbred
to thoroughbred , and the breed or strain
that possesses the largest number of fixed
and well defined characteristics will bo
the most popular one. The Berkshire
has passed through all the popular pe
riods of other breeds , lias withstood the
injustice and knavery of the trickster
and the injustice and ignorance of the
show ring , and , today , retains all its
great popularity. Why ? For the simple
reason that for long years it has always
been the same Berkshire. Had it been
the case that each set of breeders in the
different states were breeding a style of
Borkshho peculiar lo themselves , today
the Berkshire breed would scarcely be
known : The Chester Whites are today
making rapid advances , yet their pro
gress would bo increased tenfold wore
the lopresentatives of the breed united
on the question of color spots in hair
and hide , and on the pholor.i proof quali
ties of this breed. The Poland China
is riding on the popular wave and will
retain the advanced position if
breeders unite on a popular typo and
breed that and none other. The call for
improvement in the system of judging
originated from a necessity for u fixed
typo in all our live stock. No system or
number of men eon- satisfy the demand
for unity unless they themselves are a
unit. The entire success of Iho score
card system depends on the word "same
ness. " So soon as Ihe representatives of
the system and the certificate holders
become as a unit on the ideal hog and in
their changes keep pace with the ad
vancement of the hog and the demands
of the day , then will the system be a
success. I he Journal is pleased to note
the disposition of breedois to practice
practice meiiiib advancement advance
ment unity , and unity success. The Il
linois breeders in calling this practice
meeting are moving in the right direc
tion , and wo hope ninny will take advan
tage of this opportunity to practice and
instruct themselves in that thing on
which depends their future success and
probpority. _
The only railroad train out of Omaha
run expressly for the accommodation of
Omaha , Council Bluffs , Des Moincs and
Chicago business is the Rock Island
vestibule limited , leaving Omaha at II5 :
p. in. daily. Ticket oillco 1G02 , Sixteenth
and Farnam St. , Omaha.
) me
THIS WI lilK ONLxY.
THE BOSTON
IkleTom's ' Cabin
COMPANY.
Magnificent Hussar Band and Solo
Orchestra.
TIIH BEST DRAMATIC ARTISTS
AYatcli for the prom street parade every
day at noon.
The Highest Salaiicd'TOPSY" in
America ,
- "ERMH"
The lluautlfiil und GKlLil Child Actress as
EVA
23 Star Artista.
Chas. GilTord , as'Unclo Tom. "
Miss Ollio Evans , as "Topsy. "
Miss May Oborly , as "iMrs. St. Cluir. "
Will l orry as "Marks"
Songs , Dances and Specialties
Hnsliocn o'cpiossly nnlateil by the Host Ar
tists , and ulll liieUiclo iho ( iro.it IllBtoilc.il
RAOE ON THE MISSISSIPPI
IlotHOoa the "Hohoit H. LCD" and the "N-it-
ohi'4 , " mid the Icrrlllo o\ioilcn | ] of ihuluttur ,
la full vlow of the audluac'o.
The aiidlouc'o Is requostc'd to rcimila soiitod
at the rloio of the performance ) , MI all may
ultno-istho MuciiUIcuat Allugurlual Tabloiiii ,
Eva In Honvon nnd the Beautiful
Gatoa Ajir.
RRILWflYWGflRD
, Arrltc *
Omaha i Depot luili and M on lrcet
4,10pm Chtcago K pro s
941 n in . Clilrniro ttpro : < i
P IS p m Chlfttgo Utprn
OW p nil Uiloih'o laical
1-Mve. llUmUXilTON A MO lUVKU
Onmlm | lepot loth niul.Mn'oii strocjj * _
1Q11 n in . . . .Denver liny
10I5 a m Oenvt'r .
C 4 ! ) p m .Denver NUlit kxprom
8 r > n m . t.lncoln Local
"U-aves I K I .Ml * J At ! H "
Oniilm | Depot lOlli anil Mmon trcety
9 S5 n ml KamasVlty lty ) itnrt : ( > , 10 p m
1 > 41 p m lC Nltiht Kip Tli U r Tram C , I ) a in
"Leaven I UMuN ttTOlYlT. Arrives"
Omaha I Depot lOlli and Marcy trooti _ OmMia.
2M ) pin . . Overland flyer" l > 10 p ra
71ft ) p m . 1'aclllo Kxprcm 711 n ra
107(1 ( am Dourer Kxprcs * . 4 OJ p in
4 4. ) p in Cnuul l < liml i ; p loicopt Sun ' 12 U p m
50 In m niiAt Cllf Kx U03 n m
feim > > I t'niCrAOO".H fAVACIMl1 fA > rlTc
Omnlm III 1 * ilupot , fOtli mid Mnrvr SM I Onmlm
( Hip in . . . Nlulit Kxprc 9 . . 1003 n m
1 > 11 n m . . .Atlanllo KipreM . 030pm
4 li p m VeMlbulo Limited . 1045am
i sioux CHIT * I'Arwirr.rrruof
I yl'ilipot. 10th jintl Maroy Sts | Oniilm.
715 aiu | . Slotix City 1'a'nonuer j
_ A15pm [ . St Paul Kxpron 1100,1am
TeavH f sinux n I'Y ' A * I'ATii'io rArnv
OmMm I Depot 1.1th nml Webster St [ Omilm.
jiOl g m | sjl I'anl Jl.lmltcil _ _ . I l > 2i am
: Onmhn | U 1 * ilopol , lOtli niul Mnrcy sts I Omatia.
911 n m . * Ohlcaifii Kiprosi . 0 M p m
4 M p m Vejtlbill * l.lmltoil IIM a m
(115 ( p m ( I.T. < Hat ) Mall ( Ar ox Moil ) 7 V ) n 111
9 20 p in | . . UTlorn Klver 2 t\j ) 111
loa\os i Oft If A ( TO , Miu , 5 HI' lrAt I. Arrives
Omaha If I' ilopot. lUtli nml Marcy Ht Ojnilia.
V 15 a ill ; Uilc.i o Mall ( except tiumlay ) . iflXi p m
CU ) p m ChlcaifO KxprcHs 9 C > a m
9 M p m Clilraini llxnre" 2 10 p m
Leaves OjFAllA * ST l.oOls TAirlvo *
Omaha UPiIepol _ _ , lUlhjinil larcy tj _ Omaha
4lb ITmT ' 12 dTplii
liOavoa I I , K ft Ml ) VAWj'JV Arrival
Omaha | Dopol IMh an 1 Wnbit r Sti Oil Oil
9IM a in . . Illack II111" KMre. " t > M p m
9 (10 ( a m lln'tlliK ! ) Knp ( Kx iSumlay ) A 20 p in
6 10 p m W'ahoo A Lincoln l'n enitcr 10 U a m
fi 10 p m J'ork * Norfolk ( Kx Hiinilay ) 10 A ) n m
C , . 8T 1 > . M A 0 Arrive *
Omaha | Depot 15th anil Web Her Sti Omaha
tTlO am" Sloiix CUy Accomuiiiiliitlon 9 tl3 pTn
1 00 p m Hloux City HrproMlKr Hun I 1 J'J p m
i ( B p tn HI I'nul J.lmlteil 9 r > n m
&K v m llnncoft I'ni unvnr ( Fix. t < nnl ) 8 45 a in
lA-avus MlSSoUHl 1'Ai.rKTt j ArrfveJ
Omahn Icpnt15lh ) _ jind WcMterSt * I Onmlm
" "
10 W n m" St I mls A K C KxprcM f 4 5'l p in
1) ) 15 p m Ht Loul _ A K C HxprcsB | ( I III a til
UNION VACIHC-SUllLJUllAN TllA N3
Theno Iralns nl-o slop at 13th , 17lh , 20lh anil J4th
rtreetT , SiiminU and Savliltio Croislng , 'W'orklnif-
uicn's irahn ilo nol run Hnntlay.
CJlIUAOo. It 1 A I'AUHc Arrives
Union Depot , Council IllnlTi Trimfer
( ! J ) p m .NlKht Kxprpia 9 IA a in
9 * ) a iu .Atlantic KxpreiH fi 55 p m
400 p in VoUlbnlu Iilmlloil 10.10 M m
Leaves ClilCAdO A NOHI ITvTnti Arrhcs
Trails fer Union Ik-pot Council II Transfer
940a m ClilciBO Kxpren 1 IK ) p in
AOU p m .Vc tllmlo l.lmltctl 9 HI a m
10 U ) p ,11 ICmleni 1 l > er 2 UU p m
800 p ml Atlantic Mall 7 K ) a in
Leaves il llll A < ] U. MfU & "SI1 IVVUL I Arisen
Iranaferj 1 nlon Denot ( 'tiiincll llliilTH [ Tnumfer
1) ) " nil ciiicnm ) MallTeiteptliTimli7T ' "ft III p m
i > tp \ ml Chlciizo ' 111 n in
1000 i > nil JIX ) n in
ir F , sr JOB \ i' n I Airl1
Truniiferl Union Depot. Council lllnrTs llrun fur
1007 a ml Kaiwis ( Itj Ii > KxprcMH
1025 p ml KnnMti rily NUtit Kx
Leivos j DMAH \ A w I.ot'
Tram f IT | Union Depot , Council lllulTo jTransfor
A10 p ml ouH ( anon Hall _ | U 11 p m
Lcivcs rOllKAltO liUltf , N A ytriNlS Arrlu-r
'Iransferl 'nlon Deiiot , Council llliiir Tinnafcr
ChlciKO Kipruss 0.11pm
t'hlciiKO Ktpro's IMOam
. _ iVe tm " Local _ II 20 a m
7.41 a ml Sioux City Accommodnlk i (5 ( a m
050 p ml .bt 1'anl Hxprcaa . 9&5 p m
MISSOUBI 1'AClflO bUUUUUAM TIIA1NB
MERCHANTS'
National Bank
OF OMAHA.
NOnXIlEAST COIINWt I'AIt.NiM AND 13TII Sr-
Pnid up Capital , - - $ BOOOOo
Surplus Fund , - - 100,000
FRANK Mtmi'IIY , 1'rrsldont.
SAMURij K. HOUKUS , Vloo President
HEN \\OO1) , I'uslifor.
UITIIKH UUAKH. A sststant Cashlf
AcoduntBsolicltL'd nnd proiuptattcntlonKlron
to ull bublncss cutiuatudtolu uaru.
WAWTED
ISSUED DY CITIES ,
COUNTIES.BCHOOl
, , , DISTRICTS. WATEB
KjHcitcd.
Correspondence COMPANE8. | ETC.
H.W , HARRIS & COMPANY , Bankers ,
103-105 DoorDorn Street , CHICAGO.
7O State B ri > o .
ON SALE
TO
PRINCIPAL POINTS
EAST , WEST ,
NORTH and SOUTH
1302 Fnrnnnn Sfroot
HARRY P. DEUEL ,
Ol y Pneaongor and Tlcko1
TO WEAK MEM
Buttering from the Hi ru ut joulhful i rrorn , early
drear , wiwllHK wraltliPM , lost iimuli'xxl.ili-.lwlll
n Mil a valualilu treatise ( U'nUili coiilalnlnK full
j'arllculara for homo cure , I'llKK of charge. A
plfiiIIl imillcat work hou ! < l l rriul | jy > fry
man who la ncrvouK and itettllltattil. Aililrf H.
i > r r. i' . c. i'o\vi.iiiniooaiiy : , < ; oiin.
Kent I. A HI r.s ONI \ Dr I.CIIHrurloillinl | filll
thurri'iirlirisinc'ily act oil Uio nienitriial ; UMII ami
euro Rupiirc'DDlon from wlmiovcr iiunu I'roiuoia
iiiii ! triiutloii 'lliciu lilllKnliuiilU nut In tnkun dur-
Inu prc'k'naiiey Am Pill to. Itoynlly 1'ropa bien- |
ii'r ( lay Co In ( nmnliiu by Hlicrman \ McConiiull ,
| ) I IKD l , iM'.ir I' U Omalm , C A .Mulihur , Soulli
Omalu.M 1 * iilm. : council Illulls I. or 1 for | j
'sVIMIII K Citn liocnrc'd la 'JO to no duys
O i I U 1 Ivl J Jy , lso , , f t,0 | , | , la-vi | lllllH MaXl'
Itf'iueily I.VU00 for u in < o " will in I turn 4 At
TK'N ' lo t'Ct lh ( fuiiiilnu remedy \\rllu or cull t u
t C Juil/o , All ; lluruur auccl , OujuUi , Nttirueku.
NEQRAdKA
National Bank
c. B. D rpoaiTonY OMAHA , NEB.
Capital , - $400,000
Surplus Jan. 1st , 180O , - O7OOO
O e r nrt DlroMoM Honrr W TM i , prmliltnl
M ll9 llKfd , Tlcoil'r Ulonl. Jam W S i f |
YMoroo. . John B Colllni. n C Cuthlnm J , K.
rauickl W 11 B Itugho * . cashier
IRON BANK.
Corner I5lh nrt Karn m Strcrtc
A Ociicr.il Hnnklnz liiitltiosi ) TrnnsaoteflL
OOMM151I1OI An
National Bank
Capital , $ ' OOOOO
Surplus , 4O.OOO
OWfnrs and Director-E M Mor'oinnn , (1 Jt
Illtclicock , .ln * ( < pli Oiuni > nii , Jr. A llrnrr , K M.
Andrrtnn , Wllllnm ( I Mnur Uoe-preilitenl- . 11.
Wllllnnu. A 1' Hopkins , prrMitvnl A .Milliard.
cmliler ; K II llrynnt , innHtnnt iuMer
Omaha Mani/faotUrers / ,
Hoots and Sliocw.
KIIIKKNDALL , JONES & CO. ,
Wholesale Manufdctuiers of Boots & Slices
Incuts for llonton llubbor Shno Co , 110 } , 1104 mill 11M
Ilnnicj street , Omnlm Neb.
llrouiTH.
BTOKZ ft ILEU ,
Lager Beer Brewers ,
1M1 Ncrtli IBtli Street , Omixlin , Neb ,
Cornice.
EAQL.E COHNICE WOKKS ,
Manufacturers of Galvanized Iron Cornice
Window cups nnJ metnllr krll liU John Ki'CDCtcr ' ,
proprietor HHnn.l llOHoulli 10th nlreet.
ArtlNtw' Mntcrlalu.
'A. ilOSPE , Jr" ,
Artists' Materials , Pianos and Organs ,
151,1 DounUi Street , Omaha , Neb
ConI , Coke , Ktc.
OMAHA COAL , COKE AND LIME CO. ,
Jobbers of Hard and Soft Coal ,
8 K Cor ICth anil Houglm Streets , Omaha , Neb.
NEBRASKA FUEL CO. ,
Shippers of Coal and Coke ,
214 South 13th Street , Onmlm , Neb.
ClK'\r8.
"DEAN , AUMSTRONQ & cb. ,
Wholesale Cigars.
40JN JCth Street "Hotlol" 1419
Dry GoodH niul Notions.
M. E. SMITH & CO. ,
Dry Goods , Furnishing Goods and Notions
Corner llth nnrtMowunl _ Htreats
'
KILPATUICK KOClTDriY'QOODS CO. ,
Importers and Jobbers in Dry Goods ,
Gents' ruriilslilnKOooils Corner llth anil Ilaruuy
Streets , Omnlm , Neb
Furniture.
DEWEY & BTONE ,
Wholesale Dealers in Furniture ,
Karnnm Street , Omalm , Netiraskn.
CHAIlLrs SHIVEUICK ,
Funijinre.
Onmhu ,
GioocricH.
McCORD , BRADY fc CO ,
Wholesale Grocers ,
18lh and Loavomvorth Hlrcuta , Omaha. Nebraska.
Lumber , Ktc.
JOHN A. WAKEFIELD ,
Lumber Etc. Etc.
Wholesale , . , .
Imported nntl American I'ortlnnd Cotnont StaM
lientfor Mllnrnukuo Hydraulic Comunt , uuil
CJuliicj nliltB I.lmo
CHAS. R. LEE ,
Dealer in Hardwood Lumber.
Wood carpeu nnfl parquet flooring mh and Dougla-
fjtieots , Oumlia , Nobruskn.
* itijiJ W. ( JKfjJf ,
Lumber , Lime , Cement , Etc. , Etc ,
Corner Olh anil Douglas Streets , Omalm.
Millinery nntl Notions.
I. ODERFELDEIl & CO. ,
Importers and Jobbers in Millinery ,
208 , 210 anil 212 South llth street.
NoUonH.
J. T. ROBINSON NOTIOW CO. ,
Wholesale Notions and Furnishing Goods ,
1124 llnrncy street Oinnha
Olln.
CONSOLIDATED TANK LINE CO. ,
Wholesale Refined and Lubricating Cils ,
Axle ttrcase , etc , Omaha A H D'uhop .Muiiiifer.
I'upur.
CARPENTER PAPER CO. ,
Wholesale Paper Dealers.
Carrj n nlco stoek of printing , wrapptnK nnd
paper. Bpcclnl attention nlven to curd pnpor
, Ktu.
A. L. DEANE & CO. ,
General Agents for
Halls' Safes ,
(91 and 32J South 10th 8t , Omaha.
Toyw , Kto.
H. HARDY Ac CO. ,
Jobbers of
Toys , Dolls , AlbuniSi Fancy Goods ,
House Kurnlnhlnif ( iooda , riitlilrcn's Tarrlaa * * . l
1arninn street Omahn , Neb
AVnlor KtiiinllfH.
-
U. S. WIND TCNQINE U. PUMP CO. ,
Steam and Water Supplies ,
Ilallldaj wind mills 918 and 020 Jonm st , Orutba.
(1 F llos > , ActlnK
Iron WorkN.
PAXTON & VIERLINQ IRON WORKS ,
Wrought and Cast Iron Building Wnrli.
Engines , brass work , nenem ! foundrr , machine and
blacksmith work ( Hiiro und works , U , 1'
lljr and 17th street , Onmlm
OMAHA SAFE & IRON WORKS ,
Manf'rs of Fire and Burglar Proof Safes ,
Vaults , jail work Iron shutter * and IIru rsrnpes.
( J Andruou .prop r Cor 14th andJockson Hts
Kuuli , Doorn , IHo.
M. A. DISHHOW & CO. ,
Wholcialu luunufnctureri of
Sash , Doors , Blinds and Mouldings ,
Brunch onire 12th and Itard streets , Omaha , tf t
Q Q.tJ t > li O ITL at Th.
VAHDS CO. ,
01 Soutti Oinalia , Liniilcd ,
SIIROEDER & DEAN ,
GRAIN ,
Provisions and Stocks.
liascincnt Fiht Nalional Dank ,
8OR South UHli Street , Omahn
OILUEUT BROTHERS ,
Taxidermists
Ep Liuiciii inn bo icot ' nafely
ln , i ur tivitll bnudlUf yJUm. Vb
ittb tiu et , oioAiik ,