THE DAILY BEE WEDNESDAY APRIL 8 , 1885
THE DAILY BEE
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THE BEE PUBLISHING CO , , Props ,
K. HOSEWATKR , EDITOB.
A. H. Filch , Manager Dally Circulation ,
T. O. Boi , 88 Omaho , Neb. _
AT the List session of congress Mr. Oox
had the salary of the minister to Turkey
roleod to $10,000. Ho had no idea that
It would over banofit himself. Ho now
goes to Turkey to draw that salary. That
la why ho laugha.
PRESIDENT CLEVELAND says that his
appointment of Pearson as postmaster of
Now York was an acknowledgement of the
services rendered to htm by the liberal
preao. Mr. Cleveland believes in paying
hp debts.
FRANZ AUT , ono of the boat known
and moat popnlor song wtitors , haa
"climbed the golden stain.1' Ho was
the author of "When the Swallows
Homeward Fly , " n song peculiarly ap
propriate to election day in Omaha.
THE Now York Zri&uiic uaya that a
good many of Mr. Cleveland's nomina
tions wcro no moro of a surprise to the
politicians than they were a nuisance to
the now papon , aa it Is hard work to pro-
euro accurate biographical details about
mon whoso chief charastorlstic la their
obscurity.
OUT of the 125 appointments made by
Cleveland daring the special session of
the sspnto , there wore only two , no far
as is generally known , given to Union
soldiers , Col. Vilaa nnd Gen. Black. The
St. Louis Globe-Democrat says that
"this la probably a very fair proportionate
recognition of the hglp given by Union
soldiers to the democratic party In the
last election. "
IK view of the faot that the St. Louis
Globe-Democrat artistwas
- -was recently
stabbed for illustrating the members of
the Texas legislature , it strikes 113 that
the Denver News Is rather a bold shcot
to commit a similar outrage on the Colorado
rado legislature , as thcro are probably as
"bid" mon In that assembly as there are
in that of Texas. Wo venture to say that
the JVews' orlist has flad high up Into
the mountains to escape the temporary
wrath of the gentlemen whom ho lias
carved In wood.
ONE of the first things trio city council
ought to do is to provide for the hying of
flagstone crosswalks on the streets that
are paved with the rough and sharp-
pointed Slonx Foils granite. This should
bo done at least on Farnam street. The
crossings in their present condition are
painful to persons wearing shoes with thin
solos , and this is particularly the cmo
with ladles. The expense of this much
needed improvement will not be very
heavy , and the work should bo done at
onoo , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
THE action of the law-abiding citizens
of Philadelphia In preventing , by legal
.proceedings , the Sullivan "McCaffrey
match from taking place , Is certainly to
bo commended. The so called box'ng '
match was to bo carried on to n finish ,
that Is to say , until ono or the ether
should bo exhausted cr otherwise "dono
up. " It was clearly a prizs-fight , the encasing -
casing of the tuts in gloves bolng merely
an evasion of the law. It is high time
that the lovers of law and order every-
trhoro should follow the example cf the
PhlladelphlanB. The public has already
' contributed too much to the support of
prize-fighting brutes , whoso so-called ex
hibitions of the manly art are not only
demoralizing but frauds , Intended to ob
tain money by false pretences.
DiKTiticr ATTORNEY ESTELLK , who lives
In Butt county , should make Omaha his
permanent homo and headquarters dur
ing his term of oilice , unless ho his
already done so. Ho certainly cannot
properly attend to his duties In a city of
sixty thousand people unless ho is a resi
dent of the city. Nino-tenths of his busi
ness Is In Omaha , and it is here that his
services are mostly required. However ,
this is the last terra of diitrlct attorneys
In Nebraska , as the last legislature abolished
ished the oflico , and created the oflico of
county attorney , whoso duties are almost
identical with those of the district attor
ney , while his jurisdiction Is limited to
the county. This is an Improvement
ever the old system , particularly in such
a largo county aa Douglas.
AMONG the bills passed by Uio las1 con
gress was ono providing for a rotlrod list
for enlitted moo. This Is certainly a
most excellent measure , as It will give to
the onllsttd mon who have served nearly ;
all their lives in the army something to ,
look forward to. Bolides tbii it will
have a tendency to make the common
aoldior more contented with his lot to
know that If ho torvea the required num ,
ber of years ha will ba pensioned In his !
old Age. So far about forty applications 0
have boea made to bo put on the list.
Thcro ore in the army sixty-five mon who j A
have served thirty yean continuously.
How many there are who have served >
thirty ye&n , Imt not continuously , la not
known ,
T11E CATTLE MEN.
The Wyoming Block-growers' asiocia-
tlon , now In sonskm at Cheyenne , points
with prldo to the fact that
during the twelve years of its
exlttenco It has Increased from a
membership of ton cattle owners , with a
total of 20,000 head of cattle , valued at
$350,000 ( to a membership of 400 stock-
growers , with a total of 2,000,000 hoadof
cattle nnd other property , valued at
$100,000,000. This is Indeed a remark
able showing. It indicates that cattle
raising la ono of the most important aa
well as ono of the thriftiest industries of the
country. The vast grazing plains that
formerly were unoccupied except by the
buffalo and the antelope , and whoso nu
tritious grasses wont to waste year after
year , liavo boon utilised and converted
Into wealth-producing regions. They
bavo proved moro valuable than gold
mines , and they are capable of producing
moro fortunes than all the mines of the
country. Wyoming is essentially n cattle
growing region , and always will be , as its
lands are unfit for agricultural purposes.
Yet that territory c n afford to depend
upon ether sections for its agricultural
supplies so lone ; as it continues to grow
wealthy I from the grasses of its vast
pasture fields. Omaha naturally takes a
great interest in the welfare of Wyom
ing , aa that territory Is tributary to this
city to a largo extent nnd ought to bo
wholly DO now that wo have stockyards ,
slaughter houses and packing housae , and
are establishing a cattle market.
The cattle groweri of the Wyoming
association find conaidorablo fault , an
justly ao , with the misrepresentation
that are made from time to tlmo by th
press concerning cattle-men. The ;
maintain that inasmuch as they havi
built up the only Industry practical ) !
upon the arid , sandy prairies and croatcc
millions of taxable property , and riake
their lives against the Indiana who
they first started in the business , the ;
ought now certainly to be treated wit
duo consideration. They are constant !
charged with obstructing and provontln
by force and violence the settlement o
the lands by the farmers. In answer t
this charge they truly state tha
about eighty per cent of their lands ar
wholly unfit for agricultural purposes
hat ton per cent Is mountain andean
yon , and that tha ether ton per cent I
being taken np by the settler vithon1
any objection or Interference ) onihei
pirt. The people of the west know tha
this statement ia about correct
but the eastern critics , who knoi
little or nothing of the wester :
cattle regions , are continually fighting tin
cattle interests on the ground that the ;
are opposed to the homesteaders. So fa
as Wyoming is concerned every ono woa
of the Missouri knows that anyone wh
would attempt to become an agricultural
in at least nino-tenths of that tcrrltor
would bo considered a fit subject for
lunatic asylum. As to the claim that th
cattle-growers ouzht to piy coinothinc :
for the uae of the lands which they oc
cupy , they naturally make reply tha
they are willing to do eo , but they ask
how are they to reimburse the government
mont , when the government will noltho
sell nor lease the lands to thorn. They
are ready at any time to have thof o matters
tors equitably adjusted , as it would b
advantageous to them to have an end pu
to the agitation which continually annoyi
and unsettles their business interests
At present the cattle raisers of th
plains era technically trespassers on th
public domain , and it is but natural
that they should bo desirous of acquirin
some rights and privileges which won !
give them como show of permanency In
their various locations , particularly in regions
gions where the land is adapted for n
ether purpose than that of grazing. Per
haps the beet way to solve the problem
is either lo soil or lease the grazing land
and to do this legislation will bo nccas
nary , but whatever Is done In the way o
legislation should bo to protect the in
torcsts of the public as well as of privati
individuals , The question Is a sorlcu
ono and should bo carefully considered
The cattle industry is altogether too 1m
portant to bo crippled by hruty and ig
norant legislation.
THE office-seeking democrats , whocom
plain that President Cleveland is alto
gcthor too slow In ousting the republicans
cans , have been figuring on the uumbe
of appointments that ho has made so far ,
They find that all told they number only
125. Of those , seven wore members o :
the cabinet. Thirteen on the list o :
thirty-two mlnhtors have been changed ;
and only seven consuls out of a possible
192 have been appointed. Five now as-
Distant secretaries , besides ono to fill
vacancy canted by death , and six heads
of bureaus have been named. Among
the sixty United States marshals , and of
the corresponding number of United
States district attorneys , only two or
three changes have been made In each
class. Fifty-eight postmasters bavobeen
named oat of the three thousand who
come within the presidential appoint
ment. But these complaining demo
cratio statisticians , If they will only
continue their Investigation , will
Bnd that Mr. Cleveland has made as
many appointments as any ether presl
lout during the same length of tlmo. If
they frill only have a little patience all
ho boat offices will bo distributed. Al-
hongh there are not enough offices to go
onnd , yet there are a great many good
josltions yet loft. There are still open-
ngs at Brazil , with 'a salary of $12,000 ;
t the Argentine Republic , with
7,500 ; at Austria , with $12-
K)0j ) at Belgium , with $7,500 , ; at
Bolivia , with $5,000 ; at Central >
Lmerica , with $10,000 ; at China , with
12,000 ; at Hayti , with $5,000 ; at 1,1-
erU , $5,000 ; at Paraguay and Uiugusy ,
rlth § 5,000 ; at Spain , with$12,000 ; at
wltzsrland , with $5,000 ; and at Vene
zuela , with $5,000. There will bo no
Immediate change at Madrid , because
Mr. Foster ia atill intrusted with the re
lations relating to the treaty recently
withdrawn from the senate. The mis
sions at Pokln , Vienna , and Brussels are
held by Now Yorkers who are moro or
lots in favor at conrt.
ORIGIN OF ARBOR DAY ,
The question has recently been
asked by various papers through
out the country who it was that
originated the luca cf Arbor Dy , or , as
it is sometimes called , tree-planting day.
The people of Nebraska generally know ,
or at least ought to know , that the honor
belongs to Hon.JJ. Sterling Morton. It
was in accordauco with his suggestion that
the Nebraska state agricultural society In
1872 designated the 20th day of April In
that year to bo observed as Arbor Day.
It was claimed that on that first Arbor
Day 12,000,000 trees were planted In
Nebraska. Since that time the day has
boon designated each year by the governor
in a proclamation. The result , accordIng -
Ing to the bcs * , authorities , is that
Nebraska now has 250,000 acres
of cultivated woodland , and her
example has been followed by Kansas ,
Dakota , Iowa , Minnesota , Pennsylvania
and other states that were once well tim
bered , but whoso forests have been well-
nigh exhausted. At the meeting of the
American Forestry Congress , In 1883 , a
resolution was adopted recommending
the ostabllehmont of Arbor Day In nil the
atatoo and In the provinces of Canada ,
and a committee was appointed for the
purpose of bringing the subject to their
attention. This action has secured the
adoption of the custom in several states ,
and Mr. Eggloston , of the forestry bureau
of the department of agriculture at
Washington , who properly credits Mr.
Morton with originating A rbor Day , says
that there Is reason to believe that In a
few years its observance will bo estab
lished throughout the entire country.
THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY.
The man whom President Cleveland
appointed as minister to Russia is a man
without a country. Like the infamous
Jake Thompson , the rebel General Lawton -
ton never applied for restoration to citi
zenship , and therefore is an alien. His
rebellious spirit has never allowed him to
take advantage of the amnesty law. A
confederate who has lived in this country
for twenty years since the lost causa was
buried and has not oven asked to be re
stored to citizenship in the re-united na
tion is Indeed an ungrateful person and a
rebel still. It won't do for him now that
a lucrative and honorable oflico Is thrust
upon him to claim as ho does , that ho
was pardoned without any application on
his part by ono of Andrew John
son's proclamations. If Mr. Cleveland still
insists on sending Law ton to St. Peters
burg , it strikes us that the man without
a country ought at least to manifest
his gratitude and relieve the president
from further embarrassment by manfully
applying at once for restoration to citi
zenship , which is a mere formal matter.
It would certainly bo establishing a bad
precedent to have thlo country repre
sented abroad by a man who is not a
citizen. It would simply bo giving a
premium to those whoso persistent dis
loyally and hate deter them from asking
for the removal of their political disabil
ities. There are two cissies of confeder
ates the unrepentant rebels and the
reconstructed rebels. It is but duo to
the south to cay that the former class ,
which includes such men as Lawton , is
not very numerous.
WITH ono exception , and that not a not
able one , tap democratic newspapers of
Now York have commended the action of
President Cleveland In re-appointing Mr.
Pearson as postmaster/of Now York City.
Tha paper that objects la the Buflalo
Times , whoso editor claims to have "dis
covered" Cleveland and puihed him to
the front. This rampant editor says that it
IB time for an anti-humbug cruaadoagalnst
the "further encroachments of the so-
called reform associations , composed of
dudes , therorlsts , aristocrats and fanat
ics. " AS" the Buffalo Times man is seek
ing the appointment of public printer , it
is anapostod that ho has become con
vinced that his claim is not likely to be
recognized. , Hence his wrath , which
rather amuses the Now York Evening
Post , and other representative papers of
the independent element.
IN a largo number of cases of pension
claimants great difficulty has been expe
rienced in finding the comrades or
commanders whoio testimony was nec
essary to support the claims. To assist
such.claimants a special division was
created a year ago in the pension office ,
under the name of "Army and Navy
Survivors , " for the purpose of opening
and maintaining a record of the residence
of every veteran whoso whereabouts
could be ascertained. The record now
embraces 500,000 names , and circulars of
Inquiry have been directed in 945,000
cases , It Is proposed to obtain , if possi
ble , a complete record of 1,350,000 or-
saldlera , and until this Is accomplished
the work will bo continued. This fea
ture of the pension oflico will prove of
great service to veterans who are really ;
entitled to pensions , but as yet are unable
to produce the necessary proof.
IT now transpires.that Dr. Bandorhnd ,
rw tor of the Presbyterian church la
Washington whore President Cleveland i
lias become an attendant , was a rab'd '
Blame man , and during the campaign
rvas very outspoken in his denunciation
f the democratic nominee , being almost
u emphatic as Dr. Ball In his opinions '
ind utterances. When , therefore , Mr.
Cleveland recently put in an appearance
it his chnrch ho was considerably aston- j tt ,
shed , Tha plucky clergyman , however , di
says that everybody knows his senti
ments , and ho shall not retract anything
ho said , but that ho can't refuse to receive -
ceivo the president or anybody else who
wants to come to his church. Mr.
Cleveland no doubt will be pleased to
learn that ho can't bo barred out ftom
attending dlvlno service.
WKSXEIIN NEWS ,
DAKOTA ,
Thirty-seven sttiifents are on the rolls of the
Flora university.
The assessed valuation of Hitches count ;
for 1884 was $1,037,611.
A single Black Hills firm has ordered over
100,000 , pounds of barbed wiro.
Edmunds county has 1,600 vacant claims ,
nnd Mcl'henon county 1ms 2,000.
There nro claimed to bo nosrly or qtiltoIlOO
fnrmeri alliances In Dakota and more form
ing.
ing.Tho
The Episcopal college building , at Sioux
1 nils , ig nonrlng completion , Its proportions
are magnificent and Its architecture hand-
BOino.
An artesian well is being put down at Coo-
pcretown. and a depth of100 feet has already
peon reached. At H85 feet pas was found that
burned freely.
1'elltions ore being circulated and numer
ously signed In the Black Hills counties
ptayjng fur annexation to the territory of
Wyoming. The prces of the Hills country ore
not favorable to the echemo.
It Is an ill wind that blows no ono good. It
now appears that tha Indian upriiing in the
baikatchowan country is turning many In
tending Manitoba immigrants toward the
moJe peaceful prairies of Dakota.
Business ig steadily Increasing at the Yank-
ton postolhco. The tales of stamps for the
quarter just ended were § 05 In excess of tha
sales for the provioua quarter , and § 500 In ox-
cecs of Iho coles for the same quarter In
1884.
1884.A
A Mr. Beoeher , of Poland , Spink county ,
enjoyed personal interview with President
Cleveland , while In Washington a short time
ago. Mr. Cleveland expressed himself as
favorable to tha early admission Into the union
of Dakota , anil ho said ho saw no reason wh
wo bhould not be speedily bo made n state.
WYOMING.
Laramie claims the title of the "Gem of th- -
Rockies. " The jims are numerous thoro.
The oil wells at Asnen , in Carbon county ,
are beginning to attract increased attention.
The governor haa Issued a quarantine proc
lamatlon against contagions cattle and Texas
pilgrims ,
Cheyenne has raised the $2,500 necessary ti
BO euro the annual encampment of the Cole
rado G. A. K.
The reports from the ranges wo all good
Fewer dead cattle than ever are to bo see
along the railroad tracks.
It is considered a very dull day in C
onno when ono or more irrigating ditch com1
pany's are not incorporated.
Twenty thousand Now England trout an.
3,000 rainbow trout were planted in torrlto
rial streams the past week.
Cheyenne claims to bo the Mecca of hoaltl
seekers , whew "dry air and beautiful drives
abound , but no reference la made to the cloud
of sand sailing promiscuously in that vicinity
The territorial treasury is flush , containin
§ 38,000. There was an overlap of twent
conte in favor of the outgoing treasurer.whicl
was unanimously " '
appropriated to "aet'ernup
for the auditing committee.
Bill Baker is the tall kicker of Fort Fetter
man. In a recent exhibition of his ped.a
prowess ho kicked out ono of J , B , Wood'
eyes , nnd danced .1 Highland fling on hi
prostrate form. Both were howling drunk.
TheRawlinsTribunoreportathoGraffOilCo
are taking active steps to place the product oi
their wclla on tha market. The company has
applied to the Union and Central Pacific fo :
special rates , and the first named has agreoi
to take twenty five barrels a day of the pro
duct of the well for its own use. Tha Conti
nental Oil company has also olforod a gooi
figure for fifty barrels n day , to bo dollvere
at San Francisco. It will bo seen that almost
the entire product of the first well haa already
been spoken for. Should the English compa
ny decline to conclude the negotiations now
pending , the GratI company will at once pul
on n train of about fifty or seveuty-five oil ;
tank wagons between Ilawlins and Dallas , ea
tablisliiup refineries at one end of the route ,
and with bull teams haul the oil in and shi
it from here.
COLOBADO.
It ia said ex-Senator Hill has sunk at leasl
$100,000 in Denver newspapers ,
Douglas county commissioners offered SCO :
to the person who would first strike an artes
ian flow of water.
At the last mooting of the Aspen cit.
couucil appropriations for the ensuing year
of § 39,500 were made. The camp in" becon
ing quite metropolitan ,
Four colored women attacked a Denve :
constable and batterud him with hammere ,
flat irons and razors. The coona wore jailei
and the constable sewed up for repairs.
Tha Denver , Utah & Pacific road will e *
tend their line up the St. Vrain cannon as soon
aa possible , where they have purchased sorrn
of the rtono quarries , and will put a largi
working force on at onco.
The Colorado legislature is made up aa fol
lows : In the senate there are six miners , ei :
stockgrowers , five merchants , ono banker am
eight lawyers. In tha house there are li :
miners , nmo stock-growers , three ranchmen
fifteen lawyers , six merchants , two hotel men ,
and one each ol the following : Banker , sur
veyor , editor , real estate dealer , brewer i
mechanist.
COASTERS ,
There ore 70.0CO tons of ere in eight In thi
Belmont mine in Montana ,
The deficit in the accounts of the treasure :
of Lewi" andlClark country , Montana , Is be. '
tween § .18,000 and $40,000 ,
Block tin , in paying quantities nnd nf BU
porior quality , has been discovered in th
Cascido rungo , near Quartzville , Uro ,
Catfish are BU numeraus in Owens river tha' '
whole families camp on the hank and pngli
for bullheads , while the young onea make
mudhalls and thrive amid the uprouting grais ,
A movement Is en foot amoug the principal
merchants of Portland , Ore. , to establish a
fruit cannery th-ro on a Inryo scale. It I :
proposed to r iso from 520,000 to $30,000 , tc
carry out the plan.
Nogalcs , which now contain * abont 1.20i
Inhabitants , Is built across the boundary line
between > Mexlco and the United States , about
one half of the town being ia each of the ro
publics.
Besides being beleagured by California
lions end overhung with a perennial fog , Monterey
teroy has some fishermen , who , one day last
went , caught a jowfieb , eii feet in length and
weighing 300 poundi. Ita scales were an inch
square.
H. B. Luckhe.of North Buttegutter county
Cal. , shows a single stool of barley , picked
From among his growing wheat , which con
tains 121 utalks.and la over five feet in height.
Ihe barley ia ic full head , averagior 85 grains
to the head , making the enormous production
of 10,285 gralna from n single head.
The eleven surviving ostriches which were
latched at the ( arm of Anaheim , C l. , six or
light months ago , are growing fast , and have
til the promise of inakinpr fine birdt , They
lave already some valuable white wing foatli-
. deveral of the females " "
ru. are- now "setting ,
md the incubators will begin their part of the
vorkintwo weeks.
Frozen lie tj ,
The great dread of beekeepers In the
lorthern stilts Is loss in wintering.
Cvery cold ' winter especially If the cold
BOer'e and long continued brings
itrrluei and death to hundreds of colo-
ilea , As very few winters have equalled
his one in severity , so probably the pres- '
nt losi will be without parallel. Already
bo cry is heard of the entire loss of
'hole aplariee. As I have long argued
i the Tribune , the cellar is the only sure :
reventive against such disaster. This
Inter will vindicate that position. Ex- >
initiation of bees dead of the cold and
Isrrhu-a , under varied conditions , made ;
he past few days , have given Interesting
esults.
Ono largo aplaiy , whore the boos wore
fed only sugar syrup In clean combs list
fall , bnt whore the bees woio left out
doors , though troll packed , has
not a live bcp. E.xatnhnllon
shows the Intel tines moderately
distended with Indigested sogir
syrup. The syrup seemed not at all
changed. In this case there was not the
least appearance or odor of the usual
dlarrhwa. CM checked vlUltt ; diges
tion was chocked and the life-fire wont
out. Might wo not say that these bcoa
actually froze to death ? That they would
have remained halo and strong In a good
cellar , there can bo little doubt.
In another apiary bets all dead I
find the look and odor of fatal dUrrhcu * .
The faces are , swarming with bacteria
and loaded with pollen-grains , The
pollen-grains In the hive ate precisely
like thcso In the bees , In size , form and
markings. Thcso boos wcro wintered in
a cellar whore the thermometer marked
20 ° for some days. Very similar was
the condition of bees dead of dlnrrluu ! *
left unprotected on the summer stands.
These boo * , stimulated by cold , tried to
punch up the vittl-firo by undue eating ,
especially of the hearty' nitrogenous
food , and as boos do not void excreta in
confinement , thoy. become loaded wlih In
digested matter and died of dlarrhun.
Had these boos boon kept in a temper
ature of about 45 ° F. , they would have
eaten very little , and with no evil re
sults , Could they have flown from the
hive they would have unloaded the Intos-
tiaes and escaped death. If they had
had only honey or sugar syrup , the irri
tation would have been less , nnd they
would not have died so soon , if at all.
I have also examine ! some boos , said to
bavo had only sugar syrup , bnt which
did considerable brooding In February ,
bnt which are now all dead. Many of
them show no pollen In the Intestines ;
yet the bacteria , the diarrruulio odor ,
and the distended bodies all show diar
rhoia.
Some of thcso bees have pollen ;
think all have nltrogoneons matter I
tncir Intestines. The bacteria , thci
brooding , and the ados of putrofactson
all sustain this assertion. Some of th
bees may have eaton brood and the jell ;
food of Inrvio bees and so would hav
taken nitrrgon without eating th
pollon. The apiarist who sent thcsi
bees said they had no pollen
Yet they did have , as both Dr
Beal and myeclf found some of the boot
quite distended with the pollen-grains ,
Comb from the hive sent mo showed con
stdorablo pollen at bottom of cell when
examined with microscope. Very llkel ;
those bees may have gathered flour o
meal and stored it on inarm days quit
late in the fall. I have known bees t
do this.
Our own bees , wintered in the collar ,
seem very well ; are small , bright and giv
not the least Indication of diarrhoea
Upon examination I find almost nothln
in their intestines ; a little light colored
mucus-like liquid la all. Those boos hav
probably eaten not more than thre
pounds of honey or syrup in all winter
The conclusion , then , ia that , to wlntoi
well , boos must , In our long , cold winters
tors , bo kept in a collar whore the tern
poratnre may not vary much from 40 dog
F. ; and that they are safest when f '
only tbo carbhydrates , though in just tin
right condition pollen does no harm.
[ Prof. A. J. Cook.
SOUTHKHN UNXE1UUIISE.
Tbo Development of the Iran He
BourceH of Alabama ,
Correspondence Now York Commercial-Ad
vortieor.
BIUMINOIIAM , Ala. , April 2. To
northern man who travels In the south
the most interesting features of this sec.
lion are those that relate to its grown ;
nnd entorprho. Wo have heard a grci
deal of late regarding the "southern
iron. " A paragraph or two In regard t
It may bo of interest not only to the iron
producer but to busines men at th <
north.
Birmingham and vicinity nooma [ to b
the most dlsadvantageonaly situatedpoin
In the south for the production of cheap
iron ; there are seven out nf eight stack
theao and at the neighboring points o
Okmoor and Wheeling In blast to-day
Thcro furnaces are constructed upon thi
most approved plans , and ao money ha
been epared to make them fully up to
the highest northern standard. Each
fcunaco ia equipped with Whttwcll ovens ,
fine engines , abundant boiler capacity
and every other necessary and aprovorl
appliance. The chief advantage at Bir
mtugham , and indeed In the whol
south , Is the cheap ere which Is
easily mined and abounda In almost Inexhaustible
haustible quantities. The vein In thii
vicinity lies vertical in Red Mountain ,
from twelve to twenty feet in thickness ,
and costs delivered at the furnace- from
90 cents to 81.12J per ton. It takes
about two and ono hulf tons of ere to
the ton of iron ; the ere yield
Ing oa on average of 40 par cent. Thi
ere is red fossil , and is of two kinds , hard
and Eoft. The Heft contains from 48 t <
52 per cent , metilic Iron , about 11 pei
cent , of silica , and nearly one-half o
ono per cent , of phosphorus. The hard
ore yields from 28 to 84 per cent , and
from 20 to 25 per cent of lime. Th
irregular character of the hard ere Is th
cause of much of the unsatisfactory
working ! of the furnaces , making them
difficult to handle and produce a uniform
quality of Iron.
COAL AND LABOR.
To this last objection may bo added
the Inferior quality of the coke. Thi
coal from whtch it is made does no
equal that of the Oonnollsvlllo district in
Ohio , nor of the soft coal district In
Pennsylvania , and the coke produced
therefrom is much lighter with higher
per cent , of sulphur and ash. It re
quires two tons of this coal to mann-
fuc.tiro ono ton of coke and from 3,800
to 4,100 pounds of cnko to make
a ton of Iron In pigs , Tbo average
price delivered t the fnrnaco coke ovens
each furnace makes Its own coke , the
ovens being at the furnaces Is about
$1,25 per ton. In tho'csse of all except
ono furnace , that situated at Wheeling ,
the coal and ere Is brought from six to
twelve miles , the limestone thirty miles.
In regard to labor , there does not eccm
to ba much If any advantage
here. The labor is colored , chiefly ,
the places of the engineer and other
skilled positions beng filled by white
mon. They pay common labor 80 cents
per day with a proportionate advance as
paid by northern furnaces for keeping ,
ailing and helping. This labor , however ,
is not ai efficient or reliable as thai ob
tained at the north , and therefore the
lilforenco In wages may perhaps be In
'avor of the north.
TUB COST OF FKOIH7OT10X ,
With the possession cf those facts , the
est of producing a ton of Iron can be
ntelligtntly figured , when It It remem-
ered that the items of repair * , rclinlng '
nd ether neceuary expenses are very
rear , owing to the short time thsur -
naoo remains In blist without rollntng.
The last Is the result of the variable lime' '
In ere * , which gives rlso to repeated * c f ]
folding. With possibly two exceptions
from three to eight months is the avorsgo
llfoofallnlnij. The last , however , wil
na doubt bo remedied by longer experi
ence in working their ores and by the n .
usl methods of purifying the inferior
grades of coal before coking. A consorv-
atlvo export estimates the cost of making
Iron at six or eight of the furnaces in Al
abama at from $12 50 to $13.50 per ton.
This would represent the cost of all Iho
grades.
The aim ol the furnaces In Alabama
Booms to bo to manufacture as largo a
portion of fonndty iron ns possible ; the
mill Iron bolng uiod by plco work * , etc. ,
in a mixture with Lake Superior ere
Irons , by rolling mills. The Irregular
work of the furnaces makes the product
of No. 1 foundry small , a great porpor-
tlon being No. 2 and the mill grades.
Iho character of the iron , which is cold ,
short and weak , makoi its uo preferable
foe lijjht castings and ether grades of
foundry work. These gradss bring a
comparatively low price , and the profit * lethe
the furnaces is therefore much lets tfeln
It would bo could they mnku a uniformly
high grade of Iron. Here , again , the
drawback is want of uniformity.
HELPED BY THE KAILHOADS ,
ft Much of the ( ucoBB of Ihcso mines Is
duo to thoco-oporatlonof the railroads.
The two trunk lines centering In Bir
mingham nro giving the furnaces there
very low rates to northern polntj , $ ; i.75
per ton to Philadelphia and Now York ,
abont the same rate to Chicago , with pro
portionately low tariff ! to all other desir
able shipping points. In addition to
this , they haul the ore And coal from the
various mines at a very much lower coot
to the furnaces than paid at any iron
manufactory point In the iiortb. The
rollrondj can afford to do this , for they
local trafllo in freights that Is worth no
ticicg
THE IMMEDIATE rilOSl'ECT.
There seems to bo no doubt that Blr
mingham and the vicinity is destined t
bo a very Important factor as on Iroi
producing district of the United States
whllo the Burcst methods of workinj
these ores succotsfully are not fully mattered
torod , nor the best results from cokin
this coal obtained that are possible. It 1
but a matter of time until both are accom
pllshod. Whllo do Bessemer ores hav
as yet boon discovered in any quantity li
Alabama , and the manufacture of steel i
therefore Impracticable , yet the demand
mand for this coarser grade of pig Iron
will necessitate better railway accommo
dations to the iron valleys of Ponnsylra
nla and Ohio. There appears to bs n
present danger to the north from
the Alabama iron bocanso the
distnnco Is too great for the trans
portation of pig iron. But if the south
ern railroads should make still moro favorable
vorablo ratop , or if the trial of flat boats
on the Tennessee should bo found a sue
COBBB theoo mines of Alabama inigh
have a decided brush with the northern
Iron centres. The uamo thing might
happen also if Ilia quality of tlio coke
and therefore of the iron , should sudden
ly increase for the hotter.
.EWSPAPEIl OUTFITS.
TO rUBLISIIUUS.
The Western Newspaper Union , a
Omaha , in addition to furnishing al
sixes and styles of the best ready priutei
sheets in the country , makes a. specialty
of outfitling country publishers , botl
with now or second-nund material , soil
ing at prices that cannot be discounts
in any of the eastern cities. Wo handle
about everything needed in a moderate
sized printing establishment , and are
solo western agents for some of the bcs
makes of Taper Cutters , Presses , Hani
and Power , before the public. Parties
about to establish journals in Nebraska
or elsewhere are invited to correspond
with us before making final arrange
ments , as we generally have on ham'
second-hand material in the way ol
type , presses , rules , chases , etc. , wliicl
can be secured at genuine bargains ,
Send for the Printer's Auxiliary , r
monthly publication , issued by the
Western Newspaper Union , which give ?
a list of prices of printer's and pub
lislicr's supplies and publicly proclaim.1
from time to time extraordinary bar
gains in second-hand supplies for news ,
paper mon.
WKSTKKJT NEAVSPAVEK UNIOX ,
Omaha , Neb
Death damn lollerll lclf.
DKS Mcisi8IowaApril 7 , The wife of ox
State Senator R. C. Webb , died after a long
and painful illnesa this afternoon , aged fifty-
nlno years. Sim ( ma been a reeidont of thi
city about twenty vears.
SCROFULOUS
GflXTAtilOUS
DLOOD , Scrcfolous.lnhcrltcJ and CnntKlnua
BAD , wlthLoHi c.f hilr , CJI mlular Swelling ,
Ulctroua 1'itchco In the Throat anil Mouth , Alucuie-
ci , Tumors , Carlmmloi , IXctchea , Bores , Scurvy ,
Wistlng tf the KldnejB unj Ur.norv Ordain , Dropsy
Hrmemin , Dobllliy , Clironlollheumatlam , ConetljiQ-
tlon and Plica an j mast dlataeen aila'iig from an
Impure or lm ) > ro\erlehod condition of the Blood are
eiKodlly cured riytlio Cuticura Itonolvent , the new
liloo ! i'urlfler , Internally , aealstcd bv Cutlcun. the
great Hkln Cure , and liutloura Soap , nn oxnultlto
bkii BcitUlfler , externally.
ALMOST INOUEDIBM3.
Kiun BovNToN,867 Washington EtioetB < Btcnaiyt ;
I hue boon allllcicd for one y ir and nine month !
with what the doctors ralldl ruplt. 1 was taken
with dreadful pains In ( he head and body , my feet
became eo swoiltn that I waa perfectly belplem eoros
broke out on my body and f -o , rny appttlio left mu ,
I cou'd ' not eleep nights , ! lost fifth , and soon beoiino
ia wretched that 1 longed to die. 1'hyilclai a failed
to help me My disease dally grow worse , my tuller-
tags became terrible. The eruption Increawd to
great burrowing , foul emelllnir lores , t.om wlilch B
ro < l Jlch matter constantly | K > ureJ , forru'ng cruataol
gicattolckneia. Other tons appeared oa various
parts or my body , and I bccatno eo weak Out I could
not leave my bed. In this erudition and by aailoo
of a ul ! known phjilclan , 1 began to mo the Cutl-
cura Kemedlee , ana In twel > o weeks wu perfectly
cured.
MOIIK SO.
J.AUKS K. IticiurtDHON'j Custom Hona , New Orleans
on otth. i ) : luWOBcrofiilrmi UlctM brokoouton
mv body until I was a mass of corruption. Every
thing known Co the medical faculty wts tiled In vain.
I became a mere wreck. At timea could not lift my
bands to my head , could not turn In bed ; was In con-
( tant pain , and looked upon Ufa as a curir. No re-
lltf or euro In ten years. Ia IBbO I beard of the Cull.
cura llemcdlts. uisrd them , and uaa perfectly cured.
bworn ta before U. H. Oem , J , I ) , Ciuutoiui ,
Sold by alldiuirglat ) . I'llce Cutlcura , ( Oc ; llcaol.
vent. ! .C6 ; BMP , 6c. Prepared by tbo I'ormt Ultra
AND ClIKMICAL Co , Ugston , MlSA.
fund for "How to CuroBkln DUeaacn : "
JIKAD3,1'lmplci , Hough Tauucd and Oily
BLACK tibia , ute Cutlcura Soap.
St , Charles Hotel ,
3 STUEET , BET 7th and 8th , . , LINCOLN , NKB
Mr * . Kate CoaUy , Proprlotoreta.
MTNowly and elegantly furut&bed. Good lamp ! *
'Oomj on Brut floor.
-f l.f.0 to ft per day. Bpedal ratti tfveD
jceiabcr * dibs tt Iftoatiu * . DOVlO-lm-iii ,
ACE EVERYTHING KNOWN
IN1VCIASS OF GOODS , AND
ARE SOLD AT PRICES TO SUIT
AIL CLASSES.
Their Superior JEfer-
its are well Inwivn , tJte
world over. In point
ojf Dnrtibility , Conven
ience and Economy of
Fuel they arc absolute
ly the finest and Jtcst
tJiat can Jte made.
EXAJIINIi THE "GAKLAiYD" LINE
1IEFOIIE M AKIXO A PURCHASE.
SOLD EXCLUSIVKL
LANG & FOITICK ,
318 mil 320
South J3th St , near Farnam.
YOU CAN BUY AT TIIE
Union Tea Co
Silver Lent Japan Tea at 40c , 5c : , OOo , 70o and SOc.
Oncolcied Japan Tea at GOoCOc , 70o andBOc.
Powder Tea , 403 , BOo , 003 , 70c , 80.
Hcjcn TaittfUjaonTco , ntEEc , 40c , COc , 00,700
r naM Otloa Tea at 25c , 400 , GO , SOc , 70c , 800
uuSL
English Breakfast Tea , EOc. OOo 70oand Me.
Dust Tea , 25c or 6 Ibs for SI.
Also a combination Coffee , fresh roaetod , that
beats all competition , 35o or 3 IDS for Si.
A full line of Coffee at IGo , 18o , 20c , 22e. 25c , EOc ,
andSSopcr Ib.
Pure Spices nnd Baking Powder.
A Trial Urdor ia nil We Ask.
Mil DOUGLAS ST.
BOYD'S OPERA HOUSE.
Friday E colnpr , April loth.
GRAND CONCERT
BY THE
Celebrate ! 4th V. S. Infantry Hand , abtMfd tij-
the'
Omaha Grlee Club ,
U if Jttid M tftChjunborlain will alto appear ID
ixiceoca Iquirtet , and duct Sevcrnl aolm wlU
bo rendered by mcmberaof the Uand.
Cornet aolo , Prof. Joe. N < nottl.
Saxophone solo , Thoa Van Osten.
Xylophone solo. Cha' . Stohlc. _ rnon-tluir-lri
1512 Douglas Street.
Conies again better than ever. Look
AVomana' Teble Grain , Button § 1 00
Newport 85
" " " Polish 8G
Mens' Button Shoo 1 70
" Cnlf Boote , pond 2 60
" Whole Stock Kip Boot 2 00
And then wo have our
Choioa Kid Button Bo-it U 75
Former 1'rico ! i CO
It is known all over the city at
J512 DOUGLAS ST.
T.
Omaha iationa
0. S. DEPOSITORY-
J. H. PfllLLARD , WMDWALLAQ
President. ' Cubic
$500,000.
Flro and Burglar Proof Safes ,
For rent at torn I to 160 eiaonuu
Nursery Stock !
For priced catalogue of the I'OUONA NUItSKIU K
tddreei , H , 0 , llaytnond , Box 290. Omaha , N b.
furxry ftrounda altuaUd ImmodlaUly north of th
netltute for the Deaf md Dumb. Contracts taken
r tree planting.
A. JKAJLI/SJU. /
Merchant Tailor
310 South 18th Street ,
3 DOOHS SOUTH OF FAK.YiM.
Uiloiiop ; it ) Ml IU branchne.
