rHE nebraskan:
Vol.. V. No. 15
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, JAN. 22. 1807.
Price 5 CENts,
EXPANSION OF EUROPE
Plan Judson, of Chicago, Locturos
Boforo a Student Audlonco.
WAS A SCHOLARLY ADDRESB
A itovlms f iid MovoniontH of thn Na
tions if Kuropo During tho PnHt
iVimirli'H Fnlluonco on tho
I'riM'iii Civilization,
Tho let-mi of Dunn II. 1. Judson of tho
and entity of Chicago, Tuesday evening
in iho t'liii'fl. ili'i'W 11 fnlr nlssod audlonco
oompiwl '"hii'lly of unlvorilty and high
whool students. Donn Judson'H loeturo
mii eniliM. "Thn Territorial Kxpnnslon
of IIuroiM" mid was dollvorod for thn lion
rfli of tin high school library. Ho Hnld
in part:
Tho InHt live centurion liavo hcoh tho
orM nmrvolously trniiHformcd. Plvo
hundred years ago Kuroponn civilization
vh conHm-d to a Hlngln contlnont and
itrnimcri'p only skirted tho shores. Today
Huropoan civilization dominated tho globo
mil IIuroiMMii commerce In found on ovory
-n. Tin' iii'ut'oHH whlah tiffoctotl these
hiiiRfK i" not yot eomploto.
Tho miitlM- for HiIm advance wiih prim
arily an economic one. It wiih a great
iirch for wealth IIii'oiikIi ooninicrco. On
ji'ooiitu of Hip Turkish robbers nnd Har
biry pirates, commerce on thn Medltor
iinMii was illlllciilt nnd hence marines
kwltwl for another routo to tho oust. After
i r of M'i i v ranee, tho Portuguese un
it, r V.iK.o tin flnmn, Hailed around Africa
in.l readied India. Thin may be said to
m.uk Hie llrm epoch of Kuroponn expan
sion. AltlioiiKh CoIumhiiH discovered
Amerlen nix years previous to da Onmn's
ilUeovery. that of the latter wiih of a
jioit deal more lmiortnnco. It opened a
now road for commerce nrtd a new path
10 wealth.
For nearly a century Portugal and Spain
nere tho only two natlonw which wero
ibl to cirry on exploratlonH and each
ilto.1 nil the land possible. Kxplorers
only mw one 'thing and that wns gold.
There was hiicIi an Influx of wold and sll
vrr Into Kuropo that those metals rapid
ly declined In purchasing power. Spanish
immifaetiircrs nnd commerce In the be
ginning of the sixteenth century were very
larpe and prosperous, but tho gold mine
of the new world nut nn end to all In
'Imtry and thero was n Brand scramble
for wealth across the sen. Manufactured
mil commerce declined and to this day
Spiln has not fully recovered from this
Mow to her Industries. On the other hand
Portugal hcKan to Increaso her commerce.
Her trade with India was Immense and
rorttiRnl completely outstripped her ri
val. Venice and Kgypt. Hut Portuguese
upromaev could no last forever and the
English ami Dutch began to be formld
iWe competitors of Portugal.
This hrlng the third period of Kuroponn
Jtnnslon a nerlod of commercial rivalry
unong the tending nations. The Dutch
"h Bre.it energy sent out vesoI nftor
'Mol nnd built up an enormous eom-mn-co.
Thov had more merchant vessels
"nn all the rest of Kuropo combined.
HnBllsh adventurers now found a proflt-
'Me flolil plundering Spanish vessels, lad
" with treasures from America. Kngllsh
"ommoree aR0 Increased with remarkable
UpMltv mil In a hundred yenrw Knglnnd
we from i second rate power to one of
"ho leading nations of Ktirope. The gov
ernment hartered the Knst India own
Mnv which built up n largo business nnd
"M dividends of between 100 and 200 per
nt a French Kast Tndla company wnH
5,80 chartered hut It did not meet with
"if (nieeofts 0f the Kngllsh company.
T!" English nnd French had seen Amor
' In the fifteenth contury. but It was
not until the beRlnnlnR of tho seventeenth
that
permanent Amorlcin settlements
'To formed. Knglnnd p d no attention
10 Spanish claims, Spain devoted her nt
""Hon to the -West Indies Islnnds which
foiiM yiol.t her tho most pold nnd the
fltl,r nations Rot possession of the rest
"' the territory.
The KnKllsh colonies hnd one Rrcat nd
vntaiP over other colonies and tnit was
"'Rleet They heeamo very Indcpondcnt
"""I onefRetlc nnd ovory rollRlon was nl
l0M full sWay.
Clonic, were then formed for the "ex-
"ri's hei.it of tho mother country. H
jk 'iirnnoan natlpns u lone time to
m i10w t0 K0Vprn ,m. ooionipH .uid
"n hns not yet learned the Jwson.
1, siniRRle for supremacy between
,""'1 rtn1 Ii,,,l,nco constitutes the
" i" rlod of iCuropenn expansion for
a "'nt' It weemetl as though tho French
would triumph, hut Franco wan finally
driven out of America nnd at tho Hamo
llmo IohI lmr iwsiofldlotiM in India. Hy
(ho nlKlitennth century, Kimlaud hnd dls
tnncod nil her rivals.
Amorloa now grow roHtlesH under Kng
IIhIi dominion, as dim kiow ntrong and
powerful. Tho prohlom of governing col
onies wan a new ono nnd If Knglnnd hnd
known how to graup tho problom, tho
Amorlonn revolution might hnvo beon
averted and tho Ilrltlsh mlRlit liavo ro
inalncil undivided. Portugal nnd Spain
also loit their posHOHslons nnd new Inde
pendent nations now rorung up In Amer
ica. This brltiRS us to thn next epoch. It
Is an ago nf Invention nnd Improvement.
These tremendous rhnngrn have caused
a great stimulation to commoreo and n
Rrontly Increased emigration from Kuropo.
Tho nations of Kuropo have now en
tered on n second ora of colonization.
Amorloa Ih no longer opon to Kuropo ex
cept In a commercial way, but In Africa
and Asia thero has boon a rapid ndvnnco
of Kuroponn colonzntlon nnd tho tlmo can
ot bo far distant when Kuropo will dom
Inato tho wholo world.
Tho thrco groat powers of Kuropo nro
today; Russia. Franco nnd Knpland. Rus
sia Is bringing her vant torrltory togeth
er wth ralroads o that sho can transport
troops nt short notlco to any part of her
empire. Hlneo 1801 Franco has slowly but
steadily Rained oxtonslvo lorrltory In Asia
nnd KiiRlnnd has advanced even nt a
more marvelous rato so that only three
nntons of Asia now remain Independent.
Tho first of those, Turkey, exists only
through the Joalouslos of tho great Ku
ropcan powers nnd may Ood speed tho day
when the bnibarous Turk shall be no
more. The second la Persia over which
Knglnnd and Russia aro trying to gain
tho supremacy. Tho third Is China which
Is a groat Inert mass. Somo day this na
tion will fall and then there will bo a mad
scramble among KtiRlnnd, Russia and
France for their shnre of tho spoils.
Africa has becerpassed by for centur
ies by explorers, as It appeared to bo cith
er a barron waste or an Impenetrable Jun
gle. Africa's greatest trado has beon In
her own people nnd tho slave trade has
not yet stopped In tho Interior of the con
tinent. Tn the lost quarter of a century,
however, tho resources of Afrlcn havo
beon opened up nnd there Is now n great
rivalry among Kuroponn nations for col
onies there.
The stories of South African rlchos
have pd to n great rush of people there.
Afrlcn not only hns groat Rold mines hut
Is rich In ngrlculturnl rpsources. Tn a
contury from now Afrlcn will bo n civi
lized nnd highly developed country nnd
with Irrigation her deserts will blossom
like the rose.
Kuroponn Ideas now control the entire,
world nnd there Is nlrendy a marked ro
actlon of Kuropo across tho sea, on Old
Kuropo. Tne twentieth c"tury cannot
end before tho cycle of Kuropean civ
ilization shall hnvo covered the globe nnd
there will be no more snvngo Innds for
Kuropo to exploro and civilize.
OT.KK CTCin RKPKPTION.
Last Wednesday evening Director Kim
ball nnd the Olee cluh gave a rceptlon
to Dean .Tu-ldon at the Conservatory. The
large parlors wero brilliantly lighted nnd
decorated with palms and cut flowers.
The club sang several numbers which
were well received. The ohnneollor spoke
a few words, thanking the club on bo
half of tho company, tho dean nnd him
self for the plensuro their songs had giv
en, and assuring the club that they would
have the hearty co-operation of tho fac
ulty In nnythlng they might undertake.
Dean Judson refused to sing but did make
a few very happy remarks. During tho
evening Mrs. Kimball assisted by the Mis
ses Colson, Reavor, Glllesplo and Oalley.
served dalntv r reshments Those pres
ent wero: D"nn Judson. Chancellor nnd
Mrs. MncLean. Dean and Mrs. Sherman.
Dr.in and Mrs. Kdgren. Dean nnd Mrs.
noasov. President Miller of Union col
lege, rhnncpllor Aylopworth of Weslcynn.
President KUInwood of Cotner. Miss Scho
fleld. Mrs. P. V. M. Raymond, Mr. and
Mm. ITagenow, Professor TCnsterdoy, Mr.
Randolph, Miss Poison, Miss Reavor. Miss
Gillespie. Miss Onlley and the members
of the glee club-all In their now dross
suits.
The club will lenvo' Friday afternoon for
Nebraska City giving a concert thore In
he evening and ono nt Peru the evening
following. Tho boys hnvo been practic
ing faithfully nnd save for a' few Colds
ire In Hhnpe to give a very eredltabl"
nrrforminee During March n trip will
lie mule which will take In nil of the
lnr?er towns of the s'ate The home con
cert will nlso be given sbmctlme In March.
DOAlu. AGAINST NEBRASKA
Question of Wrltton or Unwritten
Constitution Donated.
HONORS EVENLY DIVIDED
Four Members of thn U. II. D. C. Con
test AVtlh a Mko Nitmbor From
Donno for I loners In Debato
No Decision Olvan.
On last Saturday availing, Union lirilt
was filled with nn audlonco to hear tho dn
b.ilo botwoon tho nocloly of Phi Kappa
Delta of Doano college nnd tho Union
Hoys' dohatlng club.
Tho question for UIsouhsIoii was; Re
solved, that a wrltton constitution sub
Horves tho general wolfaro of a nation bet
tor than an unwrltton one, Tho Donne
boys wero on tho nmrmatlvo sldo and tho
Unions hnd tho nogatlvo. Doano was rep
rosontnd by Messrs. Rood, Harms, Fisher
and Leo. Tho representatives of tho U.
R, D. C. wero Mossrs. Motor, Kuhlmnn,
Magttlro nnd Anker.
No decision was rondorcd ns to tho out
como of tho debate but it wns gonernlly
ngrcod that honors wero about ovon be
tween the two sides. Numorous author
ities wero cited by tho debaters to baek
up tholr statements. Mr. Bryco wns the
principal authority nuotod by both part
ies and hnd that worthy gentleman been
present, ho would 'hnvo boon In doubt as
to whother ho bellovcd In a wrltton or an
unwrltton lonstltutlon.
Kach speaker was allowed fifteen min
utes for opening nnd five minutes for clos
ing tho dobnto.
After a plnno solo by Miss Joyco, the
dobnto was oponcd by Mr. Reed for tho
afllrmatlve.
Ho defined n constitution as a system
of fundamental principle of notion. ITa
sold that Knglnnd afforded the best ex
nmple of n nntlonnl government by nn
unwritten constitution, nnd the United
States the best exnmple of n nntlon under
n written constitution. An unwritten con
stitution Is only possible In Knglnnd on
account of the conservatism of that nntlon
nnd could not exist In n country like the
United States. While It might bo suc
ccsnful when applied to one particular
nation, It would not meet tho requirements
of nations In general, as would a wrlt
tho constitution. Mr. Reed spoke rapidly
and presented his arguments very forci
bly. Mr. Meier opened the argument for tho
negative. Ho described a wrltton consti
tution ns simply nn effort to plnco tho
political Ideas of the peoplo In writing.
Tho objection to this form of a consti
tution lies In the fact that It Is dlfTicult
to make It satisfy all tho needs of
the people. Kven If a constitution should
be wrltton so to exactly express tho Inten
tions of the people, It would not bo ndo-
qunte In later years when the peoplo had'
advanced In political Ideas, Tie admitted
that the constitution of tho United States
wns one which had proved successful, but
he pointed out the numbers of written
constitutions which had failed. Under nn
unwritten constitution the lntest product
nnd the highest development heenme the
stnndnrd. iind old nnd worn out ledns
must give way. The speaker's enunciation
was distinct and his views wero set forth
In a convincing manner.
Mr. TTnrms followed. He devoted his
tlmo principally to proving thnt a writ
ten constitution lends stability to a gov
ernment as It prevents rash and hasty
changes prompted 1v n mere whim of
tho people. Tie presented his arguments
logically and had his subject well In hand
Mr. Kuhlmnn then took tip the negative
side. He said that a government could
Interpret nn unwrlttten constitution ac
cording to the highest development of the
people while ,o wrlttn constitution is
mndo oopord,lng to tho views joY n certain
porlod nnd yot It Is to' oxlst 'for'yenrs aft
erward when the Ideas of the peoplo have
changed.
Instead of being the work of tho people,
the constitution of the United States Is
helng constantly made hy tho supreme
conn, a branch of the government which
more than any other Is separate from the
poople If a wrlttn constitution may give
way to new Ideas, as Its adherents claim
for It. whnt Is tho use of having a written
constitution. An unwritten ono will sub
serve tho Welfare of the peofilo bettor and
cause less difficulty. Mr. Kuhhnnn' ad
dress wns to tho point and his arguments
were some of the best made on the nega
tive After the first two speakers -oh enelf
sldo hnd statod tholr arguments, thorn was
lltllo loft that was now for tho. debaters
following thorn and so tho next speakm,
M. Flshor, necosMarlly spoko In somewhat
tho snmo Htraln ns his predecessors on tho
nlllrmatlvo. Ho spolto In a dlroct and
strnlKhtforwnrd manner and dofonded his
position vory ably.
Mr, Mogulro followed nnd spoko In a
somowhnt sarcastic view of tho stato
montH of his opponents, His nrgumonts
woro practically tho snmo as those of tho
prooodlng speakers. Ills genornl dollvory
wiih good land ho Stated his reasonings
expllelty.
Mr. Leo then enmo to tho dofonco of
tho Amorlcnn constitution. Ho wns mir
prlsed nnd dlsploasod to hear tho manner
In which his oppononts spoko of tho con
stitution. He said ho had been taught
from his oarllest Infanoy to rovero It nnd
to die for It If nocesHnry. Mr. Leo's re
marks caused Homo nmusoment nnd his
arguments several times brought applauso.
Ills otherwise good delivery was Impeded
by a slight hesitation nt times,
Mr. Hakor concluded tho arguments for
the negative. Ho devoted his tlmo prin
cipally to provo that nn unwritten con
stitution gave sufllclent stability to a gov
ernment. The speaker appeared very
much nt ease and he spoko smoothly nnd
forcibly.
Mr. Reed wns nllowed five minutes for
rebiittnl nnd ended tho dobnto. Tho pro
gram was closed with a vocal solo by
Mr. Kenngy.
ADDRKSSKD T1IK STUDKNTS.
Denn Judson gave n short address to
the students, Wednesday morning In tho
ehnpel. The dean, In oponlng, said that ho
came from Chicago nnd ho woh glad of It,
Ho llkpd Chicago although many peoplo
would not agree with him on that point.
Ho liked it becnuso It was n typical Amer
ican city typical of all that Is best and
all thnt Is worst. In Chicago thoy havo
the most honorable of men nnd tho mean
est men, they havo great statesmen nnd
chenp olltlclans.
Chicago Is n city full of great probloms
nnd ho liked It becnuse It Is full of work.
He asked thn students to mnko a distinc
tion between work nnd lnbor. Work Is
lnbor directed by brains or Intelligence.
The highest ordor of working man Is an
nrtlst, not necessarily a painter or sculp
tor, but ono who does his work In tho
best posslblo manner.
The students ns American citizens owe
It to their country nnd to their stnto to
mnko themselves tho best workmen pos
sible. Our schools nro free but thoy aro
not pauper schools. They aro freo be
cause they make good nnd Intelligent cltJ
Izens which the country neofls. The
speaker said ho could look Into tho ftituro
when this university had grown to a
great slzo and wns rich In reources, but
that would be nothing If It did not havo
earnest nnd conscientious studonts who
nre the necessary requisites of a great
university.
PHI DKLTA PHI TNTTTATKS.
The legal fraternity of Phi Delta Phi,
hold one of their characteristic Initiations'
Friday. January 15. They secured tho
lodge rooms In tho Halter block and with
the most approved engines of torture
tested their candidates to tho utmost. Tho
following passed the ordeal successfully
and were admitted Into full membership;
Messrs, Dr. Ladd, C. K. Abbott, Toby,
F. F.. Rrown. nnd Rert Wilson.
mi. iHUIntnm AVAOtlaio wapa nnmrt'fttftil'
at 1 o'clock n. m. when tho fraternity In
dulged In a banquet at the Palaco res
taurant. After tho desert, while cigars
were being smoked, A. K. White as toast
master nresonted the toasts which were
rexnondod to as follows; The Fraternity
colors: TT. TT. Wilson: Tho Fraternity Con
vention: Reeeh Coleman; Tho Fraternity
Dor. F. K. Rrown. Tho lateness of the
hour prevented a further extension of the
nrotrrnm nnd with the usunl congratula
tions the members dispersed. Those nres
,, were: Mersrs. Robblns. Wilson.
White, Rlsser. Coleman. Mnnvllle, Ames.
flttii'li. True Hlldreth. DuFrosne, Oreen.
Abbott. Wilson, Toby, Rtown. T.add.
Tho chancollor suggested to the Maxwell
club tn discontinue their meetings until
the end of the term and thus avoid eon
rivorsoy on the dlsnuted right to the
nresldency. So f.ir the club has acted on
his suggestion.
Flmer C. Henderson representing D. L.
Auld. fraternity Jeweler, met the various
fraternities nnd sororities, Monday and
Tuesday. He got some very generous or
ders. I'to expressed his surnrlso nt tho size
nf our university ns he did not expect to
nnd thnt we had so Imnortnnt nn Institu
tion.' Tn a biflness way, he said that he
did much better than he expected
If IS NOT A BAD SHOWING
Athlotic Association not Much in
Dolit as a Rrsult of Foot Bail.
SOME FLEDGES ARE UNPAID
Aftor All tho Plodgos Aro Paid tho Do-
Holt Will Amount to vory Wttlo
Flnanolit; Condition After a
Vohy Hard Benson.
Tho mnnngor of tho football team hns
lllnd his flnnl roport with tho secretary
of tho athlotic board. Tt la long and" com
prehensive, covering all tho Items of ex
pense of the various games played this
season. Tho final showing Is not as bad
as nt first thought. If ovorythlng was
paid In that was pledged, thero would bo
a deficit of but a very small amount lets
than twenty-five dollars, Tho summary
of tho roport shows somo Interesting fig
ures. Doano game Receipts of tho game, $302.
t0; total bxpcnsn, $114.40; not gain, 1188.10.
Missouri gnme Kxpenso allowed, J76.6T;
receipts from Missouri manager, $21,65,
claim withheld, $ffl; oxtrn Incidental ex
penses, $7.fi5, loss, IB2.CS,
Wesleynn game Total rocolptsj Ne
braska's share. $4f; total expense, HI.EO;
net gain $5.r0.
Kansas trip Total expenso, $41.80, ex
pense nllowed by Knnsns, $34.00, less old
account owed to Knnsns, $17.B0, received,
$l(!.r,0, loss. $25.00
Knnsns City Modlcs gnme Totnl ex
pense whllo In Kansas City, $6i.Rfi! re
ceipts from gnme, $150.00; gnln, $80.35.
Rutto gnme Receipts, $120.00; Nebras
ka's share, $24.00, expense, $25.00; loss $1.00.
Ames gnme Total receipts, $48.00; Ne
braska's shnro, $10,20; expense, $20.50; loss,
$1.00
Thanksgiving gnme Total- receipts, $M.
00; total expense, $135.50; loss, $45.50.
Cnsh received wns; from students, $202.
75, business men $37.00, nlumnl $10.00 treas
urer $27 25, Donne game, $188.10, Wesley
nnd game $5.50, K. C. Medics game $80,35,
faculty, $30.00. total $500.00.
Cash paid out; K. N. Robinson $320.00,
clothing $10517. other expenses $59,0(1, loss
on games nnfl lenguo $143.80, total $038X3
The unpaid oxponsos nmount to $220.47
without Including $37.GG advanced by the
manager. The total Indebtedness for the
conson Is $204.13, nnd there K yet due from
the faculty and pledges $239.00, leaving a
real deficit of $25.23.
ATHT.KTIC ROARD MKKTS.
The nthletlc bonrd held Its remilnr
monthly meeting In the office of the phys
ical director Saturday. Tho most Imnor
tnnt matter to come un was the election
of football manager. Tho present mnn
neer was re-elected, with F. T. Rllov as
assistant. The report of tho football man
ager wns heard. Tt was decided to set
n retrular time for the managers of the
various teams to file their flnnl reports
After some discussion, four weeks from
the date of tho close of the season wns
tboucht the most satisfactory time. Ad
lournment was then taken.
CTTARF AND WTTKFLFTJ CONTKST
The Chase and Wheeler contest, held un
der the nnsnlces of the Pnllndlan lltenrv
society, will held In thn ohanpl Rnturdav
"oelptv will be hold In the ohnnel Sntur
iinv evening.
Duct W'ien the Wind Rloweth In from
tho Rea: TT Smart. Misses Redford and
Smalls.
Orntlnn The Author-Hero of the Revol
ution. R. C. Roner.
OrnMnn CSroat Rattles. John TT. Roose
Vlnln snlo Hunenrlnn Rhapsody:
TTmiocR Mr. August Haffonow.
Oration The Red Color, Renn Alder
ninn, Pinnn snlo Prelude In F: Wm. Mason
M's Knte .Toveo.
OnMon Fnr-1nnd's Crime Against Chl
nn w. .T. Hunting.
Uuic8elPPted. T. M. C. A. glee club.
rwinlnn nf ludges.
The Indores are, on delivery: Mrs. W. J
Ttr"nn.Prof. W. P Wnrd, Judge M R.
Tleese. Prof. J. T. Lees, Prof. F. M. Fllnr
On mnnuscrlnts; Prof. TT, K. Wolfe, Trof
L. A. Sherman. Prof. H. W. Caldwell
Professor F W. Card loft yesterday for
Washington D C. Ho went to attend the
meeting of a committee appointed nt the
recent mooting of the association nf ngrl
culturnl experiment stntlons. This com
mittee wns to decide upon a metlmd for
testing seeds, nnd they moot to tnlk over
nlnns nnd tnke some action on methods
proposed.