Wednesday, August 29, 1934
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Daily Nobraskan
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rpvpT.r.Y f!a!if Sensible citizens
'consider modern life altogether too
'full of incident, and they may be
come cross with Professor uruce von
because he says the earth is going to
heave beneath our feet. In fact, were our
George
Will
LMCOLN ARMY &
WESTERN STORE
Corner of 12th & P 474-3613
feet sufficiently sensitive and thank
God they are not we would, he says,
feel it heaving constantly.
Bolt is a seismologist. His science is of
intense interest in California, and in New
Madrid, Mo., the site, around New Year's,
1811-12, of several of America's most
severe quakes. They temporarily reversed
the flow of the Mississippi, altered its
course and caused church bells to ring in
Boston.
Today about a million people live in the
zone of maximum vulnerability. Quakes
of the 1811-12 scale would damage St.
Louis, Little Rock, Nashville and parts of
seven states. Because quakes are rarer
there than in California, building codes
are less strict. The rarity is ominous. Geo
logical tensions are building in that zone
and a sudden adjustment may be over
due. The New Madrid quakes were approx
imately 8 on the Richter scale. The Alaska
quake of Good Friday, 1964, was 8.4. The
1905 San Francisco quake was 8.3. The
scale is logarithmic: The San Francisco
quake was 900 times more powerful than
the 6.5 quake that in 1983 left 30 percent
of the houses in Coalinga, Calif., uninhab
itable. The Coalinga quake resulted from
some faults not previously mapped, rais
ing the question of how many more un
known faults in California could cause
quakes of 6 severity.
There are 2,500 to 10,000 measurable
quakes a day, worldwide. In California
there are about 30 a day strong enough to
make a squiggle on seismographs here
and elsewhere. The problem is that Cali
fornia has chosen, improvidently, to sit
on two plates of the earth's crust, one of
which is moving south while the other
heads for Alaska at a rate of 2 inches a
year.
For several days after a serious quake
there might be no effective civil authority
to allocate medical and rescue resources.
So there are large stakes in the scientists'
search for patterns of premonitory events.
Bolt knows that by predicting where and
how much the earth may move, measures
can be taken (concerning the architec
ture of schools, distribution systems for
water and power, dams, bridges and
other matters) that will mean that when
the pieces are picked up, there will be
fewer pieces than there mit have been.
The Lisbon earthquake on All Saints
Day, 1755, was an important event in the
history of the European mind. It killed
thousands of persons in churches, and
thousands more who, fleeing to the sea
shore, were drowned by a tidal wave.
Seventeen days later, in Boston, a quake
stopped clocks and killed fish in the har
bor. Clearly, seismology, wth its predic
tive potential, is a practical matter. But
Bolt, a dry and laconic Australian, is
relaxed. One must be When the stakes of
one's investigations are large, but the
events one is investigating are beyond
control and, pending the accumulation
and sifting of vast quantities of evidence,
are unpredictable.
Bolt has, as a good scientist is apt to, a
philosophic turn of mind, and his work
has potentially cosmic reverberations.
Earthquake waves bouncing around the
earth's interior reveal much about the
planet's structure, and hence are sugges
tive about its origins. Thus seismology
serves cosmology by producing clues
about the "big bang" or whatever it was
that produced the universe, and all mat
ter, including the small quaking fragment
on which we travel.
ISSi, Tm Wwriiiagtoa Pest Writers Group
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