0N1VERSITY OF NEBR.
Reapportionment Proposal Is Historical Issue
LIBRARY
(Editor's Note: In cooperation with
the Student Council's public affain
committee the Nebraskan presents this
article as the first In a series concerning-
re-apportionment fur Nrbmk, Tu
day's article deals .with the history
By JIM MOORE
Nebraskan Staff Writer
Reapportionment, c u r
rently one of the most con
troversial state issues, has
actually been a debated
topic for nearly 100 years.
The first apportionment
of Nebraska occurred un
der an Act of Congress in
1854 which fixed the mem
bership of the upper
house of the legislature at
13 and the lower house at
26.
The territorial legisla
ture was reapportioned
four more times prior to
Nebraska's entry into the
Union on March" 1, 1867.
The first state appor
tionment was made in
1867 under the state's new
constitution which organ
ized the legislature of the
state on a two-house basis
until the adoption of the
unicameral in 1934.
Bicameral Period
Several reapportion
ments were made during
the bicameral period. The
most significant were
made in 1875 and 1920.
The 1 8 7 5 constitution
contained the mandatory
requirement that the leg
REHEARSALS CONTINUE
go before the opening night
University Theater stars are
a sneak preview of the scene
I i to irrrrTii mi mil nir wnwwrinrn f " 'il)1"'"r'"'Y-"-'"""'-"'-
University Theater Season Opens Next Week
With Performance of 'Threepenny Opera!
By SUE HOVIK
Nebraskan Staff Writer
Opening the "Threepenny
Opera" with a kaleidoscope
picture of a fair, Bertolt
Brecht presents a satire
upon a decadent society.
Opening night will be
Scrip Positions
Open to Students
Applications for Scrip, the
campus literary magazine,
will be accepted today
through Wednesday.
The applications may be
picked up from the envelope
outside Dr. Robert Hough's
office in 210 Andrews and
should be returned by 4 p.m.
Wednesday.
Joel Lundak, Scrip editor,
stated that they are looking
for people interested in read- j
Ing, editing, handling layout.
art work, and in contacting
a wide range of people to
contribute to the magazine.
"By doing so we expect to
succeed in producing a maga
zine that will be representa
tive of the undergraduate stu
dent body, and one which will
be interesting to a wider
range of people," commented
Lundak.
Educators Group
One of the most difficult
problems facing the United
States today is the replace
ment of outstanding teacher
educators, according to Dr.
Elmer J. Clark, graduate
dean of Indiana State Col
lege. Dr. Clark met with six
other nationally recognized
United States educators at the
University recently. The men
make up the executive com
mittee of the National Society
of College Teachers of Edu
cation (NSCTE).
Dr. Clark said the organiza
tion started long ago in help
ing develop and locate tal
ented people, but tiiat much
RCHWES
islature "shall reapportion
after each census." The
mandatory "shall" was
changed to the permissive
"may" in the 1920 con
stitution. This permissive word
ing remains in both the
present constitution and
the proposed area amend
ment on the November,
1962, general election bal
lot. The constitution during
the entire bicameral per
iod provided that popula
tion was the basis for the
apportionment of m e m
bers in both houses.
43 Districts
Following the 1934 adop
tion of the unicameral leg
islature, the old bicamer
al houses redistricted the
state into 43 unicameral
districts, using the 1930
census as the basis for
the reapportionment.
The difference between
the high and low districts
thus created was 12,177 in
habitants. The average
population in each dis
trict was about 31,500.
The 1935 apportionment
was carried out under the
present constitution which
states that the basis of
such apportionment ". . .
shall be the population as
shown by the next preced
ing federal census .. . .
the state may be rcdis-
With less than a week to
of the "Threepenny Opera,"
hard at work. Featured in
"The Beggar's Big Brother"
Wednesday in the Howell
Memorial Theater, and the
play will run through Oct.
27. It is one of the fiercest
artistic indictments against
society ever seen on the
stage.
It was premiered Aug. 3,
1928 in pre-Nazi Berlin. Five
years later, after his play
had been banned, Brecht
was forced to flee Hitler's
Germany because of his
subversive views.
Brecht's play is based
structurally on John Gay's
satiric "Beggar's Opera" of
1728. However, it is much
more than socialistic prop
aganda, and its Marxist po
tential is submerged in a
greater theme. This theme
is based on the idea that
society has made men so
base that they have forgot
ten their humanity; in or
der to survive, they must
be cruel, and in order to
be saved, they can only
beg for mercy.
Leader
Macheath, known as Mack
the Knife, is the leader of
London's most notorious
gang of thieves and cut
throats and is one of the
main characters in the play.
The "flaw" that brings
about Macheath's downfall
Meets in Lincoln
i more must be done.
! "I couldn't agree more
with your own Dr. Brecken
ridge (University vice-chancellor)
when he said that at
least 20,000 more Ph.D. level
educators would be needed in
the Unitl States withn eight
years just to maintain the
status-quo," he said.
Dr. Clark cited .the Univer
sity for its increased empha
sis on graduate education,
which has and will continue
also to be one of the most
important objectives of t h e
NSCTE. This is the first
! time the executives of the or
ganization have met in Nebraska.
''. ' ,k K ' ' k fx I V
stricted from time to
time."
Between 1930 and 1960,
however, Nebraska's pop
ulation shifted from rural
to urban areas, creating
a considerable disparity
between the population to
tals in each district.
Recent Census
According to the recent
census, one Douglas Coun
ty district has a popula
tion of 100,826, while an
other district has only 18,
824 inhabitants. The dif
ference between these
high and low districts is
82,002 inhabitants.
Beginning in 1939, ac
cording to legislature rec
ords, one or more bills
calling for some form of
reapportionment or redis
ricting were introduced
in each unicameral ses
sion. Prior to the 1961 ses
sion, however, every such
measure was killed by the
legislature or in commit
tee. Four bills were intro
duced in the 1961 session,
but only one was reported
out of committee action.
The bill was subsequently
passed.
it is this bill which has
put the area constitution
al amendment on the No
vember general election
ballot and which has
promoted the state's cur
are (left to right): Frank Vybiral (Filch), Gene Dybdahl
(Mr. Peachum) and Sharon Binfield (Mrs. Peachum).
the "Threepenny Opera" will be presented Oct. 24-27.
is not sensuality, but trust:
trust in a human nature
that his own conduct had
proved untrustworthy.
Theoretically, the inhabi
tants of the three penny
world go counter to ortho
dox human nature; but
when the mocking chorus
tells the people, "If you
wish to stay alive, for once
do something bad and you'll
survive" the implication is
clearly not confined to the
stage, Brecht has put into
words the active philosophy
by which the real world is
run.
Asks Compassion
Before Mack makes his
march to the gallows, he
asks compassion for his
plight, brought about by the
circumstance of social nec
essity. He calls down vio
lence upon the base men
around him; and then,
knowing his own sins, asks
for their pardon. This is
Finalists Presented Tonight
Ten junior coeds will hear
their names revealed as
Homecoming finalists tonight
at the pep rally at 6:30.
Wes Grady, president of
Corn Cobs, and Nancy Sor
enson, president of Tassels,
will present the girls to the.
students for the first time.
Dennis Claridge, Husker
quarterback, will be the fea
tured speaker.
The ten finalists have been
chosen from among 28 candi
dates submitted by sororities
and independent women's
houses. All girls nominated
are Juniors with a cumulative
average of 5.5 or above and
carrying at least 12 semester
hours.
The Huskers will meet
Kansas State tomorrow in the
second conference game of
the season. Cadence Count
esses, the University girls
drill team will perform for
the first time this year in
pre-game ceremonies.
rent battle over legisla
tive reapportionment.
The area amendment on
the November ballot will
read: "Constitutional
amendment to provide
that in redistricting of the
state for legislature pur
poses, primary emphasis
shall be given to popula
tion with prescribed
weight being given to
area."
The act which put the
amendment on the ballot
further provides that
"primary emphasis shall
be placed on population
and not less than twenty
per cent nor more than
thirty per cent weight
shall be given to area."
The amendment does
not alter the working of
the present constitution
which makes redistricting
permissive, rather than
mandatory, every 10
years.
Early in 1962, Omaha
Sen. George Syas said
Vol. 76, No. 21
man's fate in a threepenny
world: to destroy and to be
forgiven.
The ending is filled with
brittle humor; just as in
the real world, evil of great
proportion has been re
prieved and rewarded,
while the suffering of the
exploited little people re
mains unanswered.
The cast of characters for
the play is as follows:
STHEETSINGER . Geonre Mechlin
JENNY Sharron PurhaUKh
MR J J. PEACHUM Gen Dytxlahl
MRS. PEACHUM . Sharon Binfield
FILCH . Frank VyMral
MACHEATH (MACK THE KNIKE)
Don Sobollk
POLLY PEACHUM Chrfnti' Johnfin
KEADYMONEY MATT Jerry Euan
CP.OOKFINCER JAKE Elijah Powell
mH THE SAW Jams TreMer
WALT DREARY . , Allen Epflein
REV KIMBALL Richard Watkln
TIGER BROWS, CommlMioner M
POI. C.E led fiainen
BETTY Maureen Fraier
MOIi-Y Bonnie Benda
rxd.LY Kru Romei
COAXER . . Mary Meckel
WARDEN SMITH Thorn a Crawley
LUCY BROWN ... Leu Powell Drake
irt BEGGAR Curtim Greene
2nd BEGGAR Melvin Gnibo
3rd BEGGAR Jay Freed
4th BEGGAR Noel Thoman
Ijl CONSTABLE John Mbler
2nd CONSTABLE Robert Hall
Coeds will spend much of
the weekend cutting wire and
stuffing to get a head start
on their homecoming dis
plays. Engineering Society
To Meet at Center
The Kansas-Nebraska sec
tion of the American Society
for Engineering E d ucation
will meet at the University to
day and tomorrow with ap
proximately 150 in attendance.
At a banquet tonight in the
Nebraska Center for Continu
ing Education featured speak
er will be Dr. Preston Ham
mer, director of the Numeri
cal Analysis Laboratory at the
University of Wisconsin.
A highlight of the Saturday
meeting will be a 10 a.m. ad
dress in Love Library Audi
torium on "The Effects of
Computers upon Engineering
Education," by R. W. Ham
ming of Bell Telephone Laboratories.
w
he intended to take the
reapportionment issue to
court. On June 6 Syas
termed the area amend
ment a "monstrosity."
Suit Filed
On June 18 and June
23 the Lincoln City Coun
cil and the Executive
Council of the Nebraska
League of Municipalities
respectively, voted to file
suit to force reapportion
ment of the legislature on
a population only basis.
By July 3 opposition to
the League's decision was
already beginning to build
up i.i western Nebraska.
Disension within the
League of Municipalities
mounted during July ov
er the reapportionment
stiit. On July 26 the Lex
ington City Council with
drew support for the ac
tion. On the same day, direc
tors of Western Nebraska
United Chambers of Com
merce declared their op
The Daily Nebraskan
University Publications
Receive
Polar Studies Talk
Goldthwait To Lecture
On Glacier Fluctuations
Dr. Richard P. Goldthwait
of Ohio State University, a
specialist in the field of gla
cial geology, will visit the
University Tuesday. Dr.
Goldthwait is the 1962 nation
al lecturer for Sigma Xi, na
tional science honorary.
He will lecture on "Glacier
Fluctuations since the Ice
Age in Southeast Alaska." in
Bessey Hall at 7:30 p.m.
Tuesday. The public, as well
as Sigma Xi members, is in
vited to attend.
A graduate of Dartmouth,
Dr. Goldthwait received ear
ly training in geology on
summer expeditions with his
father, a professor of Geol
ogy at Dartmouth. He went
on to graduate school at Har
vard and received his doctor
of philosophy degree in
1939. Dr. Goldthwait taugni
at Brown University and
Ohio State University until
1948, when he began his ex
peditions. In the spring of 1948 he
served as the geologist with
the Reynolds-Boston Museum
Degree, Certificate
Applications Due
All students who expect to
receive bachelors or advanced
degrees or teaching certifi
cates at the close of this se
mester should apply for same
by Nov. 1 if they have not yet
done so.
Applications are available
at the Registrar's Office, 208,
Administration Building, be
tween the hours of 8:30 a.m.
and 4:30 p.m. Monday through
Friday, and 8:30 a.m. to 12
noon "on Saturday.
C"lY"''sTT,fJ
' ' ' ' -
i ', if ,(, ,
CAMPUS QUEEN Pat Schmadeke, Delta
Gamma sophomore at the University, has
been chosen as a candidate in Sport maga
zine's 12th annual Campus Queen Contest.
Miss Schmadeke was a 1962 Cornhusker
position to the League's
suit.
AFL-CIO Intervenes
The AFL-CIO on July 31
filed a motion to inter
vene in the reapportion
ment lawsuit on the side
of the Nebraska League
of Municipalities.
During the month of
August, 1962, the city
councils of North Platte,
McCook, Dwight City,
Ogalalla and Grand Island
withdrew their support of
the League reapportion
ment lawsuit. Omaha, Lin
coln and Hastings, how
ever, reaffirmed their de
cision to remain in the
lawsuit.
The reapportionment
suit was tried in Federal
Court on August 27. The
names of five mayors
Norfolk, Plattsmouth,
Falls City, Fairbury and
Grand Island were
stricken as plaintiffs.
The effect of the Fed
eral Court's ruling was to
ACP Ratings
expedition to China. He has
participated in two privately
sponsored expeditions to Alas
ka to study glaciers in that
region.
In 1953 Dr. Goldthwait was
asked by military services to
head a 15 man group to
northwestern Greenland, only
800 miles from the North
Pole.
In 1957 he traveled to New
Zealand to conduct glaciolog
ical studies under a Fulbright
grant, and visited U.S. bases
in Anarctica serving as con
sultant in directing work on
glaciology for the Interna
tional Geophysical year.
Presently he is the director
of the Institute of Polar stud
ies at Ohio State University.
The Institute gathers infor
mation on the Anarctic and
other polar areas.
GOLDTHWAIT - to visit
NU Tuesday.
f -La
inn ir i nil. n' h ii .in t i i
t ... ir - in
' ft V"-.J 1
refuse to order reappor
tionment on a population
only basis and to refuse
to enjein a general e!ec
tion vote on area amend
ment. The court did, however,
retain jurisdiction in . the
case. According to Syas,
the court decision was a
"partial victory" for the
population only cause.
By Sept. 25, a group of
state senators and laymen
met in Grand Island to
play their support of a
statewide movement in
support of the area
amendment on the Nov. 6
general election ballot.
The reapportionment
controversy now rests
with the people of Ne
braska. They will vote o;i
the area amendment pro
posal, which gives 20-30
per cent weight to area,
on a state-wide election
as specified in the original
motion which passed the
legislature last year.
Friday, October 19, 1962
Cornhusker,
Nebraskan
Rank High
The 1962 Cornhusker re
ceived an ail-American rat
ing, and the Daily Nebraskan
a first class rating yester
day from the Associated Col
legiate Press.
The all-American rating is
the third straight for the
Cornhusker.
The ACP said: "A worthy
candidate takes its place in
line with recent all-American
Cornhuskers. This, is a very
fine volume, marked by care
ful editing and picture lay
out ... with an outstanding
'Greek' section."
I Special commendation was
i given to the book for its col
I or sections. The rating is
based on a point system for
each section of the book. To
be rated all-American, a
book needs 6,100 points
the Cornhusker had 6,270.
The book was rated in a
class of schools from 7,000 to
10,000. Next year it will be
rated in the 10,000 plus class
because of increased enroll
ment at the University.
The Daily Nebraskan
missed an all-American rat
ing by 80 points. A total of
3,500 points are needed for
an all-American paper the
Daily Nebraskan scored
3,420.
University papers are rat
ed on the areas of coverage,
content and physical proper
ties. The Daily Nebraskan
scored excellents in all three
areas.
Sports layout and coverage
of real campus problems
were areas the association
said the Daily Nebraskan ex
celled in. The paper received
low ratings in reproduction.
mm
1
Beauty Queen, a finalist for Junior Inter
fraternity Council Queen, Miss Wheat
Heart finalist and a candidate for Sigma
Phi Epsilon Sweetheart.