Pcaa 2
THE NEBRASKAN
Friday, May 25, 1956
Mcbraskan Editorials:
'It Tolls For FiG3
For several weeks The Nebraskan has been
discussing academic freedom at the University
of Nebraska.
With the publication of charges by various
University professors, the discussion has as
sumed most serious proportions. But it must
be emphasized strongly that we do have aca
demic freedom on this campus, and the very
fact that this paper has been able to publish
what it has is concrete evidence that such es
sential freedom exists.
Nevertheless, The Nebraskan has raised two
areas of consideration which constitute a serious
threat to the concept of academic freedom at
the University.
First, the many statements which The Ne
braskan hat run in recent issues indicate that
the spirit of academic freedom has been
abriged in the individual cases of several Uni
versity professors. Secondly, on the strength of
the evidence which these statements produce, the
serious question is raised as to whether the
prinoiples of academic freedom in the true and
final sense of the word will remain at the Uni
versity, just as the serious question is raised
aa to how long The Nebraskan will retain its
freedom.
But it Is to these two points the moral aspect
of academic freedom and its future at the Uni
versitythat The Nebraskan has its serious at
tention. And it is in these two points that lie the
key to the academis autonomy, and inevitably
the institutional Integrity, of our University.
The Nebraskan is fairly sure though not
dogmatically certain that we can control com
munism Without sacrificing our constitutional
liberties; we can combat the influence of special
Interest groups without jeopardizing our intel
leoutal independence; we can stop the deadly
trend toward conformity without endangering
the vitality of our institution and the creativity
of its personnel; wt can resist the demands
which elements in the state of Nebraska have
imposed upon our University without imperiling
the principles of academic freedom.
. But the Nsbraskan is equally convinced
in every conceivable sense of the word that we
cannot control communism if we do sacrifice
our constitutional liberties; we cannot combat
special interest groups if we do jeopardize our
intellectual independence; we cannot stop the
trend toward conformity if we do endanger the
vitality of our institutions and the creativity of
its personnel; we cannot resist the demands
which elements in the state of Nebraska have
imposed upon our University if we do imperil the
very principles upon which it was founded.
M. . , And though all the wihds ef doctrine were
let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be In
the field, we do injuriously be licensing and pro
hibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her end
falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth to put
to the worse in a free and open encounter?"
And by the same token, who ever knew the
principles upon which our constitutional liber
ties, our intellectual independence and our uni
versities were established put to the worse in a
free and open encounter?"
It has been upon this premise that The Ne
braskan has urged that all the facts surrounding
the demotion of Clyde Mitchell be placed before
the public for a free and open discussion; it is
upon this basis that we are glad to find that
Mitchell's charges have been placed formally
before the University Committee on Academic
Tenure and Privilege.
But it is with genuine regret that the initials
B.B. must be placed behind its last Nebraskan
editorial before all the facts are brought before
the public in a larger issue which may determine
the future and integrity of the University of Ne
braska. But they rest for the last time in their usual
position with but one solemn reminder: that
those who have yielded to pressure; that those
who have sacrificed principle; that those who
have forsaken integrity; that those who have
been afraid to stand up and fight for the rights
which are theirs may , . not send to know
for whom the bell tolls."
The tragedy is that "it tolls for thee." B.B.
Disconcerting Results
. Some, rather significant statists were re
vealed before the floor of the Interfraternity
Council ia their last meeting. For the first time
the fraternity system has had the data avail
able to observe the correlation between pledges'
high school quartile ratings and their initial
average made at the University,
And this year's results were rather discon
certing. For out of the total number of men pledged
less than half were eligible for initiation into
their respective active chapters, with the re
quired 5.0 average. Approximately 230 men
failed to make the required average, contrasted
to the 182 who did.
- Further investigation into these figures siww
that 7 per cent of those pledged who were in
the first quartile made their average. The per
centage then droDs to 36 ner cent in the second
quartile, 26 per cent in the third quartile and
nine per cent in the fourth.
The partiality a fraternity seems to have
towards a so called "good guy" has always had
a controversial position. However, even if the
value of such an individual merits his pledging,
the fact remains that in order for him to be
beneficial to a chapter he must be affiliated for
the full four years of his college career, which
can be attained by acquiring the required 5.0,
It is here the proverb reappears that "it is
much easier to make a 'good guy' out of a
scholar than it is to make a scholar out of a
good guy,' " The importance of the selection
process used in rushing certainly should be
adapted to scholastic standards as well as
social. B.C.
Toward A Monetary Boost
There is a marked span between salary levels
; ;f instructors at this University which was made
apparent n a list of Nebraska-connected govern
ment job salaries released last month.
Since the University is a state institution, its
salaries were included on the list.
The top salary is, of course, the Chancellor,
at $17,500. The dean of the College of Medicine
is close behind With $16,000. Next is the Director
of Athletics with $12,500 and the comptroller and
the head football coach at $12,000,
Ten of the deans of colleges are at this level,
receiving between $12,000 and $13,000 yearly.
Eleven other faculty members get $10,000, in
eluding six in the College of Dentistry,
Assistant football coaches receive $8000, $7200
and $6500. They are rated as assistant pro
fessors,. Average salary for University assistant
professors is $5770. The heed coach is an associ-
i
Outstanding
, Aa outstanding university professor, known
for his stimulating and thought-provoking lee
.' tures, gave simple short speech at the end of
his last class period of this semester that the
students ia his seminar class will not soon
forget.
' With genuine sincerity and feeling, he thanked
the students of his class for giving to him one
of the most enjoyable and dynamic semesters
at this university. He complimented the stu
denta for their contributions to the discussions
and termed the class, "one of the best expe
riences I've had in Lincoln."
Needless to aay, the, persons to whom he ad
dressed the comment felt the same way,
ate professor. Average for associate professors
on a 12-month basis 'is $7040.
Full professors, working on a 12-month bpsis,
receive $8919. Most full professors, however,
work on a 9-month basis for an average of
$7074.
Instructors average $4588 a year. The differ
ence between instructors and full professors is
more than $4000, between instructors and aesoci
nte professors about $2500 and between in
structors and assistant professors about $1000.
Deans of colleges get about twice as much as
an instructor.
The point of these figures is that the average
Instructor the backbone of the academic fac.
ulty receives a salary quite a bit less than
football coach, and what would seem to the
layman to be quite a bit less than a professor.
This does not call for lowering of salaries of
football coaches. A coach at any large school
and many amall ones is under mental and
physical strain usually not felt by the average
instructor. Coaches' also have no academic
tenure, and can be fired at any time.
Instructors, even with their tenure and other
faculty privileges, often find it hard to get along
on small salaries and still keep up a high degree
of research and background work their courses
and other academio functions entail.
The administration should look into the possi
bility of boosting faculty salaries, if for no
"other reason than to keep the University's
salary level up with other schools of similar
size and makeup.
A little monetary boosting could very well
boost the academic proficiency of the University
as wall.F.T.D,
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live knowledge of the Divine that the accident of possessing able society Is one which those
Ground provided that, while temporal power does not give who have qualified themselves
exercising power, he fulfills him spiritual authority, which to see indicate the goals to be
two conditions. belongs only to those seers, aimed at, while those whose
TSrst, he must deny hlmsetf living or dead, who have business It is to rule respect
c "I i:-9 personal advantages of achieved a direct Insight into the authority and listen to the
fewer and must practice the the Nature of Things. ndvlce of seera.
Iio Nebraskan
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by Dick lible'r
llWOH SCWfCNe FLUNKING iN EVTCY CMf Of W COKSB ME;
Independents
Gain Strength
UOxJ
This is the last time you will
see the Silent Majority. So, let's
look back over the year and see
what the independent students
have accomplished this year. (In
case you have forgotten, this col
umn is dedicated to active inde
pendent students and their inter
ests.) The year 1955-58 can be record
ed as one of considerable progress
for independent organizations. Tor
during this past year the Big Four,
Barb Activities Board for Women,
Women's Residence Hslls, Inter-Co-op
Council and the Residence
Association for Men, have expand
ed their programs greatly and
laid the foundations for much
more expansion in the future.
BABW, under the capable lead
ership of Carol Anderson, has
strengthened its position as a uni
fying body for all independent
women.
Vic Golletz of ICC showed a real
The Challenge
Sovereignity
f SuTvivQi
te F
By ELMO ROPER
Public Opinion Poll Specialist
I should like to present for the
readers of your paper a problem
which I am afraid is getting much
too little serious attention in the
free world today.
During the past two decades, by
reason of the airplane and faster
ships and rapid communication,
the world has shrunk, to where
London, Berlin, and Moscow are
now closer to Boston, for example,
than Boston was to Charleston in
1776.
During those same decades the
Ingenuity of the human race has
succeeded in producing weapons
which can wipe out most of he
population of large cities at a
single blow.
During those same two decades
the free world hat been confronted
with a resurgence of extreme na
tionalism, not only in Germany and
Russia but in newly liberated coun
tries in two of the so-called back
ward continents, Asia and Africa.
Along with this it has been con
fronted with extreme smnifesta
tions of the philosophy that the
state is all important that man
exists to serve the state rather
than the state exists to serve man.
Wih distance shortened so that
no part of the United States is
more than a very few hours away
from total destruction by a wea
pon whose effectiveness has been
proved, and with extreme nation
alism going hand in hand with the
philosophy that the individual hu
man is not very important after
all, we have a situation of appal
ling consequences for people who
want peace along with freedom
and who believe in the dignity of
man.
Unfortunately, our political sci
entists, our . economists, and our
good work they have done have
not made the progress necessary
to prevent the combination of situ
ations outlined above from becqrn
ing a veritable tinderbox.
Twice within my lifetime those
nations whose people believe in
peace and freedom and the dignity
of man have been called upon to
stand shoulder to shoulder in wars
against the forces of extreme na
tionalism and a philosophy that
the individual is of lUtls import
ance.
When called upon to do so,
they have had to hastily improvise
military cooperation, economic col
Isboration, and some measure of
political untiy as represented in
their several foreign policies. The
delays have been costly but far
less,costly than they would be now
that we and others have the hydro
gen bomb.
It seems to me that the democracy-loving
peoples of the
world will never be able to achieve
respite from the threat of constant
aggression and constant war until
they recognize the fact that the
important thing is the sovereignty
of the individual, not the soveriegn
ty of the state.
We as citizens make out own de
cisions that we will have certain
parts of our government carried
out by duly elected city officials;
other parts carried out by duly
elected county officials; other parts
by the state; and other parts by
the United States.
Why can't we then exercise that
sovereignty to decide that still
other parts of the necessary acts
of self-government must be car
ried out on a bigger scale now
that physically, at least, we do
have "one world."
I am, of course, asking for con
sideration of some sort of a care
fully worked out plan which will
put the foreign policy of the United
States and a limited number of
pur democratically minded nations
in common hands.
I would go further and have a
common military force. Whether
or not we can go still further to
ward the elimination of tariff bar
riers, of common currency, etc.,
is something which I think calls
ior the careful deliberation of the
best minds in all the countries
which believe in the dignity of
man.
Yet it seems to me very few
people are worried about the fact
that we have not changed -out po
litical and economic structure to
meet conditions in a world which
has been, so. considerably altered
otherwise.
. Some say, "It's a wonderful
dream and I'm all for it, but it
can't happen in our lifetime."
I have no basic quarrel with
U.S. Should Emphasise
Trade, Not Dollar Aid
By JOHN HEECKT
With the recent overtures of Rus
sian assistance to West Europe
till ringing in their ears, perhaps
the statesmen of this great na
tion will put aside petty public
pressures for a bit of conscientious
reappraisal of our own policy con
cerning aid to this area.
Certainly, with the wolves
knocking at the very door of the
eitadel of Western power, there
could be no more propitious time
tor this appraisal.
The Russians have struck at
the heart of the difficulties en
countered in putting Western Eu
rope on a sound economic fottlng;
that is the lack of dollars with
whioh to buy the necessary mater
ials required to build industry and
carry out trade. . .
They, recognizing this tremend
ous deficiency, have offered trade
and assistance to these nations,
but only on a ruble basis.
If Western business men take the
Russian offer, it should come as
no surprize to the American gov
ernment; and It is probably ex
pected by the leading American
economists.
This group of economists has
claimed since the beginnings of
American economic aid that the
only real solution for the recovery
of these countries is in the trade
Chey ask for, not in the aid we
give them.
For in order for these countries
to rise to what w consider a de
cent living standard, they must
be able to specialize; in order to
speoiallza they must be able to
sell their products abroad, enabl
ing them to buy th tilings they
do not produce.
Only two countries esn purchase
those products and in turn supply
West Europe with buying power
end capital to pay debts; these
two countries are the United
States and Russia.
We have consistently refused,
thrugh our tariff legislation, to
trade with these countries on an
anywhere near reasonable basia.
We have Instead granted them
hugh sums of money which gen
erally was of no permanent value
to their overall gain In living
standards, served merely to an
tagonize them and cost the in
dividuals of -this nation billions of
Jiollrs that need not have been
spent.
It seems surprising that even
though the Randall Commission
and many private surveys have
Indicated the only real harm from
foreign trade would be the stifling
of industries In this country that
have never been a profitable part
of its economy, and that only ex
isted because of the lack of com
petition the United States will
not allow foreign trade of any de
gree, but has actually hampered
Jt more through the Republican
amendments of the Reciprocal
Trade Agreements Act which was
our one contribution to the ending
Of international trade barriers.
U. S. foreign policy has long
been a subject of scathing attacks,
not only by foreign observers
with hundreds of years experience
In making foreign policy, but also
by the most renowned political
scientists In this country and a
good many of the permanent mem
bers of the foreign service.
This type of illogical, wasteful
and ineffective policies, such as
the one concerning foreign aid,
aay indicate the reason why.
people who say that, but I would
like to point out that unless some of
us start working for it new, it
won't happen in our grandchil
dren's lifetime and, indeed, if
the physical scientist s keep on
being ahead of the political sci
entists, our grandchildren may
not have a lifetime!
Another argument frequently ad
vanced is the sanctity of national
sovereignty. I submit that in many
respects national sovereignty is a
myth and no longer exists. The
government of the United States
made no sovereign decision to go
to war on December 7, 1941.
That decision was taken out of
their hands, and to that extent we
were not sovereign.
If those in charge of the for
eign policy of Norway were today
to take certain steps which involved
them in war with Russia and if we
lived up to our solemn commit
ments under NATO, we outselves
would be at war with Russia
through no "sovereign decision"
of out own but simply because in
the present state of affairs sover
eignty of that kind is a myth.
If one hundred or more men rep
resenting the best brains of the
United States, Canada, Grjat Brit
ain, the Netherlands, France, Bel
gium, Luxembourg and any
others that in their wisdom they
might choose to invite were to
sit down with plenty of time
which, thank God, they now have,
since we are in a state of rela
tive peace! and with the aid of
competent technicians in the field
of political science, economics, and
the military, thrash out the ques
tion of how much of what kind of
unity it is possible for the free
world to achieve and how much
must wait for a later day, I for
one am confidant that whatever
their decision and however much
it might disagree with my present
notions of what the results would
be, it would not only be better
than any present notions, but
what's more important, far, far
better than what we now have.
Interest in the cause of the co-ops
and has helped put the ICC some
what nearer the position it should
hold. ICC has a long way to go
but Its progress has been ncour
aging.
The Residence Halls for Worn
en, always hampered by the pres.
ence of pledges living in the halls,
has made some strides which
seemed impossible short 'time
ago. Special commendation should
The Silent Majority
go to House Council for successful
sponsorship of a winning glee club.
Organized only two weeks before
Ivy Day, the group took second
place in competition with other
groups who had practiced many
weeks.
The WHR club is a voluntary,
membership group and partici
pants purchased their own music.
Because of overcrowded quarters
the WHR social program was
abandoned but Governess Ruth
Vollmer and ' the other officers
worked closely with other groups
to provide jointly sponsored social
activities.
The largest and probably most
rapidly growing of the Bjg Four
is the RAM. With Doug Jensen in
the presidency for a second year,
the RAM proved that it can really
push a program along.
The possibilities are far from
exhausted; in fact the potential
has barely been touched. But
things at Selleck Quad have hap
pened faster than even anyone
thought possible.
The RAM started its glee club
early in the fall and has had one
successful appearance after anoth
er. It has done concerts, appear,
ances in Lincoln, a TV show and
made its Ivy Day debut. Next year
plans look even bigger with the
possibility of an all-campus event
In the offing.
Probably, the first photography
club to have its own darkroom on
the campus was founded by the
RAM this year. Through 6he dili
gent efforts of a few leaders the
club has cleared the planning and
constitutional hurdles and will
open in the fall with a physical
plant.
Each of these organizations has
many more accomplishments to
its credit and many more persons
deserve mention for their work.
The birth given to the Fusion
ist party, though still in its in
fancy, stands as a monument te
the spirit of cooperation of the
Independent organizations. They ur
gently hope that they have begun
what will be a truly representative
political party and not another fac
tional group that puts affiliation
over Issues and character ia the
selection of candidates.
A final indicator of the rapid
rise in independent spirit is the
establishment of a chapter of the
National Society of Tomahawk, a
leading independent honorary. In
centive will undoubtedly be boosted
by the presence of the chapter.
Altogether it has been a great
year but it can easily be dwarfed
in its accomplishments by succeed
ing years because of the nearly un.
limited scope of independent activj
ties. All indications show that the spir
it is strong and will grow stronger
with each passing year.
0 0 mi r Emf tmar
'Fading Ideals'
0
!Si$2iMQ
Must Be
By
ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD
The Aims ef Education
The fading of ideals is said
evidence of the defeat of human
endeavor. In the schools of an
tiquity philosophers aspired to
impart wisdom; In modern col
leges our humbler aim is to
teach subjects.
The drop from the divine wis
dom, which was the goal of the
ancients, to text-book knowledge
of subject, which is achieved
by the moderns, mBrks an edu
cational failure, sustained
through the ages.
I am not maintaining that in
the practice of education the
ancients were more successful
than ourselves. My point ia that,
at the dawn of our European
civilization, men started with the
full ideals which should inspire
education, and that gradually
our ideals have sunk to square
with our practice.
But when ideals have sunk to
the level of practice, the result
is stagnation. In particular, so
long as we conceive intellectual
education as merely consisting
in the acquirement of 'mechan
ical mental aptitudes, and of
formulated statements of useful
truths, there can be no prog
ress. What I am anxious to Impress
on you is that though knowledge
is one chief aim of intellectual
education, there is another in
gredient, vague but greater, and
more dominating in its import
ance. The ancients called it
"wisdom."
You cannot be wise without
apme basis of knowledge; but
you may easily acquire know-
Adjusted
ledge and remain bare of wis
dom. Now wisdom is the way in
which knowledge Is held. It con
cerns the handling of knowledge,
it selection for the determina
tion of relevant issues, its em
ployment to add value to our
immediate experience.
This mastery of knowledge
which is wisdom, Is the most in
timate freedom obtainable. The
only avenue towards wisdom is
by freedom in the presence of
knowledge. But the only avenue
towards knowledge is by disci
pline in the acquirement of or
dered fact. Freedom and dis
cipline are the two essentials
of education.
The antithesis in education be
tween freedom and discipline is
not so sharp as a logical analysis
of the meanings of the terms
might lead us to imagine. The
pupil's mind is a growing or
ganism. .
On the one hand it ia aot a
box to be ruthlessly packed with
alien ideas; and, on the other
hand, the ordered acquirement
of knowledge is the natural food
for a developing intelligence.
Accordingly It should be the
aim of an ideally constructed
education that the discipline
should be the voluntary Issue of
free choice, and that the free
dom should gain an enrichment
of possibility as the issue of dis
cipline. The two principles, freedom
and discipline, are not antagon
ists, but should be so adjusted
that they correspond to a natural
way, to and fro, of the develop
ing personality.