4 i t .1 . 1 ! V i it .' t f' 3 ' 2 Page 2 SUMMER NEBRASKAN Thursday, June 17, T954 Editorial Page Help For Turkey Two University staff members left this week for Ankara, Turkey, where they will confer with officials of the University of Ankara and the Foreign Operations Service to investigate the possibility of aiding that University in setting up a school of ag riculture. Of course, the outcome of the trip and the problems involved in the possible venture are not known, but what the two men will have to say when they return will be instructional. This is not the first time that the University has had a part in similar tours which are designed to help countries like Turkey and Greece in their programs of technical and industrial advance ment. With all eyes on the McCarthy hearings and Tndochina events, it is at times forgotten that many countries are in their way struggling against conditions which might give rise to Com munist infiltration. Exactly what does the problem of Communism have to do with a three-week trip of two men? Actually the connection is distant, and yet the trip is significant. Turkey, which is in a great part agricultural, is evidently striving to increase the knowledge of farming methods in her country and thus aid the economic condition of the country. If we admit that the universities of the United States are the back ground of our technical advancement, then the completion of the mission of the two University men will be in part the beginning of similar advancement in Turkey. This time, the plan, which includes the sending of teachers to Turkev. involves no hand-out by the United States. Even if it did, however, the plan seems to be a good one, and an honest effort to aid less advanced countries. " ' -At any rate, the University of Nebraska is not an isolated island of men and women struggling to keep their heads in ivory towers. The teachers and University administrative heads, along with students, support one another in various branches and to wards various goals which enable the University to be heard across the ocean. When the two men return, they will at least bring with them a better understanding of the problems of another country, -which is an important link in the defensive chain surrounding 'the Iron Curtain. The smallest part that this University can play in any program is to this extent justified. if V1 J$jW: .v X' i ...... ..... s ' ' ... LOST WEEKENDS? ". ; What Do You Think? McCarthy's Motive Questionable By DARWIN McAFEE ' Columnist 1 One of "the great enigmas ol the present time is that which concerns Joseph R. McCarthy, Republican Senator "from Wis consin and raucous Communist Security In Science -Conformity? By DONALD C. MOORE OEdHaf'l Note! Dr. Moor. luiTtralty uisfant profexso Of physics, receatly wrote rmta KWiitimr, asking him . to dear too mm of atonic physic Is J. Robert OBoeaheimcr, who hat beca declared a se wttr rok by the Atomic Eaergr Coaiarie doa lecarity board.) . .. When Gordon Gray, of the special AEC Security Review said that according to present se- curity regulations, Dr. Robert Oppenheimer should be consid ered a security risk, he also said that a review of our whole se curity system should be consid ered. The idea of security began with the Armed forces. Its need is not hard to understand. The invasion of France is a good example to suggest the general problem. There were a large number of sites at which it was militarily reasonable to begin an invasion. A decision was made by the Allied high command and once such a decision was made, it properly became a matter of security. The knowledge of the decision was unavailable to any but the persons making the de cision or to persons to whom they had entrusted it. Therefore, the enemy could get this infor mation only by espionage or treason. a Tins CONCLUSION has been transferred to our scientific work without at the same time evaluating the premises on which it was built. It is quite true that we have scientific and technological knowledge which we would like to deny to poten tial enemies of our country. However, such denial is impos sible, for as someone has said, science is an open book which all may read. We can become as sure of avoiding security leaks as we care to become. In one extreme limit, we trust no one and have no security leaks. We also make no progress. In the other extreme limit, we will make 'more progress as we have more competent people working tor us. We will also have more security leaks. Ob viously, neither extreme makes sense. We might imagine that we start with our ultra tight secur ity system with no leaks and no progress. a a a AS IT IS loosened up, we be gin to make gains because we have more competent people working for us. However as we loosen the system still more we will reach a place at which the gains due to having more com petent people working will be equal to the loss due to leaks. It is at this point that we ought to stop. This degree of security would be optimum. To get a per spective, we should examine the number of security leaks and compare it Jo the gains that have been made by having large numbers of "dubious' people working for us. During the last war, in which we united with the Communists to defeat the Nazis and the Fascists, it is interesting to com pare our security program with that of our enemies. The Nazis and the Fascists, especially the Germans, required party loyalty as a condition for scientific work. We made the decision that we would accept Communist, Nazi, and Fascist sympathizers as aids. Very large numbers of refu gees came to this country we accepted them all, and our war Summer Nobraskbn Member Associate Collegiate Press' Tha Summer Nebraska n u pubUehed by the 'atudenU of the University of Nebraika In cooperation with Summer Belon, under tha direction of Frank Sdrenson, aa an expression of studenta" newi and opinion only. According to Article U of tha By-Lawa governing atudent publication and admlnlxtered by tha Board of Publications, "It, is tha declared policy of the Board that publications under Its Jurisdiction shall b free from editorial censorship on tha part of tha Board, or on the part of any member of the faculty of the University, but the members of tha staff of Tha Nebraskan (and Bummer Nebraska) are personally .responsible for what they say or do of cause to be printed." The Summer Nebraskan is publisher weekly for eight weeks during summer achooi. Single copy is five cents. Entered as second class matter at the Post Office in Lincoln. Nebraska, under act of Congress, March 3, 187S, and at special rats of postage provided for In Section 1103, Act of Congress of Oct. 8, 1617, authorized Sept. 10, 1922. For any Informs lion regarding new content of the Summer Nebraskan and tux)n8s or advertising call or go to the Nebraskan office, Ext. 4226, Basement, Student Union, any afternoon Monday through Friday. STAFF Editor . Kay Nosky Assistant Editors Barbara Clark, Darwin McAfee Cosiness Manager ." Chet Singer effort was materially aided by their contribution. The German effort was hampered very early by their , political ..commissars. We apparently have no Instances of losing information to our ene mies, arid perhaps two or three instances, of our losing informa tion to our Russian ally. . SINCE THE war, we have changed our position. This is oc casioned in part by the fact that we regard the Russians as our most likely potential enemy. However, the reasons for our change in position are likely deeper than this one factj. We have become a nation which is unsure of some of the ideals of its founding fathers. We are not willing to allow radical dissent ers to stand, as Jefferson said, as a monument to the safety with which our republic may be preserved Men such -as Oppen heimer and Condon are called "security risks," not because of overt actions, but simply because of political views which they or their associates hold. Had "our security' program ended there, it would have been bad enough. However, 'we are beginning to demand complete agreement with the present for eign policy euphemistically called loyalty for a man -to work on unclassified scientific matter. Linus- Pauling, former president of the Airierican Chemical Society was denied an opportunity to work on an un classified project. It was stated that this was because of his poli tical views. David Bohm, who is probably one of the brightest young men to" study in this coun try, has gone to Brazil because it is impossible for him to obtain work in this country. Our ideas of security began with obvious military . common-sense precau tions, but they have become an instrument to .produce conform ity,. 0 -a Our shortcomings are not miti gated by the fact that the Soviet Union is guilty' of the same shortcoming. I abhor these sins in the Soviet Union, .but I ex pect much better things from my country. I hope that we will see fit to re-examine our position. As Pres ident Eisenhower has said, there is no place for witch burners in our country. . eradicator who works officially for the Congress of the United States and personally for John Q. Public, U.S. Citizen. . Or does he? Those who question his motives (his supporters would prefer not to or would rather dis cpunt them as a means to an end) wonder just why Joe is carrying on his prodigious campaign against Communists. Is he sincerely in terested in getting rid. of Reds? If so, his record does not indicate that he has actually accomplished a great deal in that department. Or is he interested in persona! power? Probably only McCarthy and maybe some of his closa co horts knows the -answer, but the facts seem to indicate to this writer that power is his motive. CHECKING INTO Joe's efforts to get rid of Communists, we find that McCarthy first charged at Wheeling, W. Va., in February, 1950, that there were 205 "card carrying Communists known to the secretary of state." Next day he changed the figure to 57. And two days later he changed the figure to 81. v The only member of the list of 81 alleged State Department Com munists i who has been indicated to unauthorized persons is pro hibited by law." Most frenzied Communist haters do not seem to realize that Mc Carthy's challenge to the power of the Executive branch of our gov ernment and his apparent lack of faith in the principle of the separ ation of powers is in itself a "threat to democracy." Whether it is as great as the Communist threat depends on how successful Joe is in carrying out his chal lenge and how unsuccessful are present methods for coping with Communists. Aside from the fact that the Wis consin senator seems U have a flftS. column Tub (ike eiecaUve branch which even extends' Into the intelligence agencies f the armed services, what other steps has he taken t attain his desired power? , For the moment, let's' consider two aspects of power which Mc Carthy has manipulated in one way or another. They are financial solvency and control of public opinion. Looking at the senator's finances we find, according to a senate investigation report, which at pre sent is in Attorney General Brown- nas Deen indicated Hi's filps nnavailahlo in tho rwih. is Val Lorwin, whose indictment! r that . at nnn timo in 1Q4A Mo. has since been dropped on grounds' that it was falsely procured. Undersecretary of State Walter Bedell Smith, recently testifying before Congress, said that no Com munists had been found in the State Department. Although Joe has branded a nnmber of persons as "fifth amendment Communists," few, if any have been proven to be Com munist. In a number of eases, as in the case of Mrs. Anna. Lee Moss, it has been proven' that those he accused have had no association with Communism whatsoever. And as for the rest It Is still a prime principle of law that an Individual is innocent until proven guilty.. Nevertheless, implied guilt by as sociation does irreparable harm to individuals accused. What about the Senator's lust for power? His latest flaunting of that power was his blatant de fiance, during the presently tele vised hearings with the Army,vof the President, the Army and the sub-committee., in refusing to dis close the informant who gave him secret material contained in a lft- Lter written by J." Edgar Hoover. THE FACT that he has violated the espionage laws does not seem to bother McCarthy. In fact he went so far as to encourage all "loyal" citizens to turn over to him any evidence, secret or .not, which might help him in his cru sade against the "Red threat to democracy." However, according to the espionage laws, Title 18, U.S. Constitution, Sec. 793 and 794, "the transmission or tne re velation of the contents of anv classified material in any manner BeN awectsj Carthyowed the First National Bank of Appleton, Wis. $170,029.03. ' BY NO later than 1952 this debt had been erased. How? Well, in four years, 1948-52, the investigat ing committee reported, McCarthy deposited $172,623.18 in Biggs Na tional Bank id Washington, . D.C. During this same period, his Sen ate salary was only $50,000; Now, did he come by the money by investments or did he use funds given to him to fight Communism? What do you think? How does (he senator attempt to control or influence public op inion? Well, it seems that he has managed to plant two friends, John Doerfer and Robert E. Lee (wha seems to be shying away -from Mc Carthy somewhat), en the Federal Communications Commission, of the most important agencies in government. There the two friends are la a position to dominate the airways grant or deny TV and radio licenses. At the first of the year, one of McCarthy's most powerful back ers, H. L. Hunt, Texas millionaire, was granted a coveted TV license He now controls four radio and TV programs Facts Forum, An swers for Americans, Reporters Round-Up and State of the Na tion. These programs, which get free time and certain tax benefits, are supposed to be impartial and non-partisan but they are said to be subtilely following the Mc Carthy line. Is McCarthy attempt ing to control public opinion? What do you think? (Ta next colaaui will aeal with srvcral Hire aspects ef power and tecaakiaes caa. ployed, by McCarthy --la coajaactiaa with