PAGE TWO
THE DAILY NEBRASKAN. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 19.57
THE DAILY NEBRASKAN
TIIIKTY.SKVKNT1I YEAH
I KI KIItlAI. STAIr' ItlSIMCSS STAFK
Kdil"r Murray Himliiru Maimer nob Wadhnni,
AjMirliitc Killtnr Don Viaanrr AMl.lnnl Manasrr Prank Jnhnw.n, Arthur Hill
MnmiElKK r.illtnra Millard Uurnev, Hrlrn t'nai-w Circulation Mnntrr Stanley Mlrha.l
Nen Eilllora Mori-ln Mt'l',
Hnnnrd Kaplan, Bnrhara Roarwater, Kit Sleevca,
HurnM Mrmunn, Marjnrlr Churchill, '
StHSUUI'TION KATK
(IN THIS 11 F. SI. Ml a year Slnslr cony M.IMI a armi-.li-r
Ilrk Kdltnr Hurnry 2.M mailed s mils SI.M lemrnlrr
Niglil hdltor hurrhllt mallrd
Under direction nt the Student lublirntlnn Uoard.
editorial Office I nlvtralty Hall 4.
Iluslnma Office Inlvernity Hull 4-A.
Telephone Day: BHS91I Nlghtl BIMSi. B3333 (Jnurnnll
Kntered aa second-class matter at IHc pnalofflce In
Lincoln, Nebraska, under act of con limit, March 3, ISM.
and at apeclal rate of postage provided for In section
1103, act ot October S, lull, authorised January 30, 19.!.
rrrr
Otatributors M
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Cabbage, Horseradish Plants
Offer Antiseptic: Just Tears
ItdSMaiis Kxlmct Eiizyiiip 1 tlia wi0,lt Interfering; In the i cently, however, consIilet-Rhle cn
i nf nntholoiristi
Two Young Men.
. . . He Gave Me a Hell of a
Grade, But I Liked Him. 9
Harold W. Stoke left the university yes-,
trrday on a yciir's leave of ahsence. 'c feel
that Nebraska lost a pood num. It is our pur
pose here to express the vehement hope 1 hnt
this loss is l 1 1 1. temporary.
Dr. Stoke enme to this campus seven years
aso. Dnrin'i his stay he was voted one of the
three most, popular professors. In Dr. Stoke's
ease this honor carried no professional oppro
brium. He wasn't easy, he was interesting, lie
made his impression by geniality, a deep seated
concern in the real welfare of his students, ami
a tellinsr manner of teaching something sijr
r if icant.
On hearins; 1hat, Dr. Stoke was leaving:, the
Nebraska!! hetran to (rather quotations from his
students and colleagues expressing an estimate
of the man and a sample of the attitude of the
campus toward him. Student bits in response to
this call are represented by "He taught me
something," "I'm glad I ?ot his public opinion
course before he left," "He gave me a hell of
a. grade, but I liked him," "He had a dry
humor that made classes a privilege."
"When Professor Sentiing, head of the po
litical science department of which Dr. Stoke
was a member, was r.sked for n quotation, he
pointed out that D'. Stoke was given n- leave
of absence on the one condition, which he him
self asked for, that he return next fall. His
successor was hired with this in mind. The
department considers his opening in TY'A n
"pportunitv for valuable experience in lhe
field.
"Don't print Stoke's obituary," Professor
Senninir emphasized. "He's coming back.
Don't say anything to make him think he's
thru. "We need hini."
chorus work as well as for others interested.
A cappclla music will be sung, but it will
not be confined to church music alone. Mr.
Tcmpel is in full co -operation, not competition,
with John M. Itosborough, director of the
ft rent Cathedral choir. His is an effort toward
making the "Messiah" an all student produc
lion. Ho is young. He has an idea. Much is
expected of him.
He Is Young. He Has an
Idea. Much Is Expected
Of Him.
"William 0. Tempel, another enterprising
young man. has come up tothe university from
Lincoln high, lie has brought one main idea
1o the school of music where he will do his
work. His idea is to build an organization to
be, known as lhe I'niversity Singers, a mixed
horns of 40 voices.
There is need for such a choral group on
the campus. Many university functions will be
embellished by the standard a cappclla music
which Mr. Tenipcl intends his I'niversity Sing
ers to render. And 1his group represents an
opportunity for further vocal training for
students.
Mr. Tempel left an enviable record at
Lincoln high where his choir won numerous
state championships. He has worked with a
number of student singers now in university
and intends making them a nucleus around
which to form his University Singers. Since
his venture was not launched until this fall,
provision for it was not made in the catalog.
Registration is still open for students in
Panic, Publicity, and Polio.
". . . . a few hundred cases among many mil
lion people."
The fnitrmini: ahutract u liken from n miiorial prlntM
in the Journal nt the American Medical asuociatlnn tinder date
if Spt. IS. M37. It civej Indrmallnn relative to pollnmyell
li (Infantile paralyMlo which every mudrnt nhnuld know he.
iue It represent! the lateat and het thoueht nf aclentlm
and medical men relative tn thi riiseane. - Kulm A. I.jman,
Director Department Student Health.
In civilized communities, people should no
longer be stricken with panic in the presence
of disease. Much has been learned concern
ing the causes, methods of prevention, diagno
sis and treatment, of many of lhe infectious
diseases. Patients a. solated. Modern meth
ods of prevention are used to immunize, those
who are exposed. Known contacts are kept
under control and in most instances after a
reasonable time the disease disappears from
1hc community or returns to what is called its
normal incidence.
Toward poliomyelitis in the United
States a somewhat abnormal point of view
seems to have developed. The total incidence
of that disease in any one year in the entire
country is certainly less than 10 percent of
the number of cases of any one of the other
common infectious diseases. Yet because
poliomyelitis is a visibly crippling disease,
panic appears in the minds of the public,
which is lrequently reflected in the state
ments and actions of public officials. Yet if
ever rationality was needed it is demanded
in the approach to this problem.
How About Scarlet Fever?
One wonders, for example, whether 1 ho
number disabled as far as their hearts, kidneys
and ears are concerned is any less from scarlet
fever than the number of cripples of the arms
and legs affected by poliomyelitis. Yet peo
ple everywhere are far more afraid of polio
myelitis, not knowing that, the permanent
"heart cripple" constitutes- a much more seri
ous problem. It is possible to splint, to re
educate and to rehabilitate a paralyzed limb.
We have not yet found any methods of splint
ing or re-educating a damaged heart, and the
rehabilitation of the "heart cripple'' is indeed
difficult.
Men fear most what they do not under
stand. Let, physicians ami health officers
alike admit that there is much that is 'tot
known concerning poliomyelitis. We have not
yet determined the exact cause of this disease.
We know something concerning possible meth
ods of transmission but we do not know with
certainty exactly how it is transmitted to most
human beings. We seem to know that consid
erable numbers of people have a natural re
sistance 1o the disease so that they would prob
ably not lie infected even if exposed.
Similar to Eye Fluid
From Vrgclalilr!.
Kdltor'a mile: The rollowltif nrllile
on Icura nuirHR fhe tlr,t micca fit lire In
the Nrhraftknn of Hrnce Alexander. Mr.
Alexander tola cnM-ntcd lo write a
weekly feature on the Intel drtelop.
menta In aelence. He I, helnit alven
free rein tn ramhle aninoc all of the
clence foe hi topic. We feel that he
la qualified.
By Bruce Alexander.
Science is making: tears.
Lesa than a month ago, from
the All Union Institute of Experi
mental Medicine in Moscow, came
the announcement that Russian
scientists had succeeded in ex
tracting the precious enzyme,
technically called lysozyme and
commonly known as "tears," from
cabbage and horseradish plants.
Not the least of the gifts be
stowed by a wisely provident na
ture upon the members of an err
ing race is that of tears. Not as
an outlet for pentup emotion, nor
yet in cajoling the unsympathetic
spouse, but in the vitally impor
tant capacity of a natural anti
septic, they serve mankind faith
fully and well. Day and night,
asleep and awake, the one portal
where infection constantly threat
ens is guarded with unrelenting
vigilance.
Nature's Masterpiece.
The eye, in addition to being
the window of the soul, may justly
be termed the window of the body.
Here, as with no other organ,
structure and function are re
vealed in detail. Here nerves, tis
sues and blond vessels are exposed
to the physician's critical gaze, so
slightest with any physical pioc
ess, action and reaction may be
viewed at will. By means of the
ophthalmoscope, a comparatively
simple instrument, examination in
minutest detail may he made of
the retina, or innermost lining of
the eye.
The ciliary process, small but
mighty bundle of muscle and
sinew which must alter the shape
of the lens whenever the eyes are
focused, may be seen and studied
as It functions normally in the
living, seeing eye. Unquestionably
the most vital and important of
the sense organs, the eye is more
frequently exposed to harmful and
destructive factors than any of I he
others.
la Crying Worthwhile?
How, then, Is such an exposed,
delicate, easily deranged mechan
ism as the human eye to be pro
tected against the ever present
threat of infection? Tt might be
supposed that the processes which
have evolved lids and lashes to
guard against the more mechani
cal injuries might have produced
some barrier to ward off the in
sidious onslaught of harmful or
ganisms. And such is the case.
The answer to this particular
problem is tears.
For years the lachrymal fluid
has been recognized as a most
effectual lubricant for the eyelid
in its passage across the eye; It
has even been lauded for its suc
cess in floating foreign particles
from the surface of the eyeball,
but, until a few years ago, no in
vestigation of its antiseptic prop
erty had ever been made. Rc-
ergy on tnc part of pathologists
and bacteriologists has been di
rected toward this research. They
find that most harmful organisms
which gain access to the eye are
protected by a. hard, horny shell
that renders them immune to the
action of ordinary germicides.
Tears Contain Lysozyme.
They find, also, that the protec
tive layer is attacked and dis
solved by an enzyme, namely lyso
zyme. which is present In the sa
line "tears" solution. The organ
isms, devoid of their armor, are
quickly destroyed by the weakly
antiseptic flow, and cease to pre
sent any threat to health or effi
ciency. Thus is our precious gift
of eyesight made secure to us,
against all the contingencies of a
complex life.
Now, as so frequently in the
past, man lends his ingenuity to
assist in the natural process of
disease prevention. It has been
increasingly apparent that solu
tions of artificially prepared lyso
zyme, in proper concentration, I
would have great value in the j
treatment of conjunctivitis and a
host of other optical disorders, i
but heretofore no source of the I
substance has been known.
Now for the first time, with the
discovery of the chemical sub
stance of tears in cabbage and
horseradish by the Russians, com
mercial development and distribu
tion of the product become pos
sible. Man, it, would appear, has
taken one more step In that co
operation with nature which may
ultimately effect his "release from
dusty bondage into luminous air."
RAY RAMSAY TO DISCUSS
FRESHMANJDRIENTATION
Alumni Secretary Will Talk
To New Men Wednesday
In Y.M.C.A. Meeting.
"How to be happy though a
Freshman" will be expounded
Wednesday night by Nebraska's
Inimitable alumni secretary, Ray
Ramsay, perennially in demand as
a Freshman first riightcr. As his
speech subject implies, only the
men may profit under Ramsay's ,
tutorship since he will be directing
his quips toward members of the
University Y. M. C. A. In that
organization's first meeting of the
year.
Dan Williams, Y. M. C. A. presi
dent, especially urges all first year
men to attend this "get acquainted"
meeting which starts In the Temple
building at 7:15 o'clock.
Seventy-three nationalities are
represented among the 8.800 tin
dents at Boston university.
Mr. Rat Supplants Guinea Pig as
Lab's Handy Andy in ExpcrimcnLs
Made by Dr. Walton, Hornemcier
aWt tlTrtf ' f HaT I -w- T W
i -ye- - u - i
They're rightly
named the
ARISTOCRAT!
These Handsome
COATS
with A CTION FIT by Alb.rt Rlchrd
The Aristocrat is 'tailored like a fine,
custom-made coat in double breasted
style with patch pockets, belted back
and cleverly designed gussets. The
body and sleeves are of f.ne suede, the
collar and facinsc of smooth leather.
See this and many other coats at
Ma gee 'b.
Thit JmiStm nf
no
to
$2250
beta
,tt
to'-" ' art ""at " . ,
"r rr -
I ' tianttMfi t!it'
. -
.tori
NEWS
PARADE
by
,.aa i'iumvjuc wiiufhii'ii i
,l .... ' f . iv-o-w 1
j
flat I" " i, ! imill
,.- Tf.iai mm urn
I iVf'-ir or hs Orer ISankinp.
i Seven Americans remain in
i Nanking today. Departure of the
embassy staff followed soon after
warnings by Japanese omeiais
that air raids would begin today
at noon. Citizens took refuge on
warships In the Yangtze. British,
American and French warships,
remain however, and Japan is
warned not to fire upon these ves
sels. Meanwhile, the far eastern
advisory committee meets today,
with representatives from each
country with property Interests,
and the action of Japan In today's
raids may have a vital part In the
decision made.
Britain appeals for United
States, German, and Italian ud in
maintaining world ptace-. Foraiyn
Secretary Anthony Eden, haraisei
ajid admittedly worried, iaauea
conciliatory proposals,
Adding weight to the concilia
tory plea and disponing any u
lusiona of unprenarcdnesa cornea
the accompanying announcement
that "Rrltsln is rearming to inc
hilt, and will 'continue to do so as
long as peace is threatened.
That long-tailed, bewhiskered ro
dent, the rat, has become the sci
entist's pet. FIven the more effem
inate women have learned to cud
dle and adore him. In fact, Mr.
Rat has practiciJly replaced Mr.
Guinea Pig as the chief labora
tory "Handy Andy." Literally
thousands of these animals are
subjected to a wearisome number
of experiments and studies each
year by the technicians in the uni
versities and colleges over the
country.
Today the rat is a willing sub
ject for every kind of experiment
from vitamin testing to problems
tn mental and emotional reactions.
Because he breeds prolifically,
matures rapidly and physiologic
ally is quite similar to the human
being, this rodent has definitely
established himself as a laboratory
subject of top-notch calibre.
Mr, Rat 'Co-operates.'
Out of fairness to the rat it
must now be said that the latest
scientific achievement of note com
ing from Nebraska laboratories
was accomplished with the "co
operation" of some 40 members ol
this species. Up until the comple
tion of this exhaustive piece of
research by Dr. W. K. Walton and
R.. W. Bornemeier of the psychol
ogy department the scientific
world was pretty much agreed
that the lower animals arc color
blind.
Now, after many weeks spent in
studying this problem with the
rat, the two Nebraska psycholo
gists weie able to prove before a
national meeting of the psycholo
gists in Denver that rodents are
able to distinrulsh color, both on
h brightness as well as a hue
basis. While similar studies with
dogs and cats have been made
here at Nebraska, Dr. Walton,
while convinced that these anima.'o
are also color conscious, says
further research will be necessary
before one can definitely state
which colors they can perceive.
Can Tell Colors.
The rat, however, is readily able
to differentiate red from blue, red
from green, yellow from blue ana
red from yellow. Due to the fact
that blue and green and yellow
and green are probably too closely
associated on the color spectrum,
the rodent is unable to distinguish
the difference between these sets
of colors.
The method used by the Ne
braska men to determine whether
rats sec color is Interesting and
ingenuous. But to Mr. Bornemeier,
who has worked with more than
100 rats each day, sometimes get
ting up as early as 4 o'clock in
the morning to complete a set of
experiments before his attic lab
oratory became too hot, the ex
periment has lost much of Its for
mer attraction.
Most Inquisitive Animal.
"The first step in the proced
ure," he says, "is to Isolate several
rats for several days, accustoming
them to daily periods of handling.
A few days before the tests are
to begin no feed is given them.
When the rats are hungry and
after they are (.ccustomcd to hu
man handling they are taken to
the apparatus room and allowed
to familiarize themselves with the
testing machine. The rate is a
most inquisitive animal and unless
his curiosity has been fully satis
fied It Is Impossible to teach him
anything."
There are really two parts to
Dr. Walton's and Uorncmeier's
problem, one, testing the animals
to distinguish the difference be
tween color brightness and second,
to choose between colors on a basis
of hue alone. The same machine
Is used for both tests. It Is a simple
device, appearing somewhat llk
an enlarged stercoptlcon, with two
long light chambers extending
from the glass squares in front.
By the use of color filters, various
colored lights are produced which
are the rat'i signals to jump at the
flash of the right color. The filters
in uae have been scientifically de
veloped so aa to admit only one
homogeneous band of light. In
front of the glass windows are
box-like compartments Into which
the rat Is taught to Jump for
food.
First.,, he is placed upon a small
, runway leading up Ij a platform
a change in color brightness is
introduced, the animal becomes
contused and dashes around on his
stand as if his emotional machin
ery had been completely upset. In
many instances he will refuse to
jump."
And why Is the scientist inter
ested in the ability of animals to
discriminate between colors? Dr.
Walton ha? four reasons: first
because such a test contributes to
genetic theories of behavior; sec
ond, because such information adds
to our knowledge of the behavior
of animals; third,' because it gives
an understanding of the nature of
human color vision; and fourth,
because it aids animal experi
menters in the development of
techniques of experimentation.
Q I I N ... Fly Over th
Edge of the Eith
2 Features "en
- Beverly ROBERTS
"CHINA
2 Days
CLIPPER"
Feature
No. 2 I
I'.xriling Hmnanec
,n MATINEE
"MIDNIGHT 10c
COURT' EVENING
Aim ll (III K IE,
.lohn I.MT.I. 100
LIBERTY
Last Times Tuesday
horizontal to the compartments,
but some several inches away.
After he. has been allowed to be
come acquainted with the appara
tus and has eaten food contained
in the small cups in both boxes,
the scries of tests arc begun. The
idea is to train the animal to
jump into a compartment at the
sight of a certain color somewhat
in the fashion of the motorist who
continues to advance if the green
traffic light remains in his favor.
Food Provides Incentive.
The rat soon ascends the run
way platform to the small stage
opposite the light compartments.
The operator lias already turned
on his lights, Almost immediately
and without hesitation the rat,
knowing that food is to be found
in the compartments, leaps into
one of the boxes. If red, for ex
ample, is the positive light, food
will be waiting for him if he jumps
for the red box, but if he selects
the blue, the floor of this compart
ment drops, and Mr. Rat goes
lumming into a net near the floor. Applications for numerous va
in otner words, tne rat soon cant positions on the Cornhuskcr
icai ns tnat red is his correct sig- Countryman, agriculture college
nai. a correct, cnoicc is rcwarciea monthly publication, will be ac
wun toon, while a mistake results cepted until 5 p. m. today. All
not omy in tne loss or tne reward, students interested In working on
uui in iium.Miim-ni n wen. lne publication should present
Brightness Matters Not. their application in room 301 of
But the skeotic' mav insist that AK hall.
the animal is not making his According to Don Magdanz, this
choice on the basis of color itself, year's editor of the publication, the
but lather is iumpine in the di- following positions are to be filled
rcction of one color because it an- Assistant agriculture editor,
nears hrichtcr than another In Art editor
order to find out then, whether Business manager.
the rat ran rlist imriiish hetvieen Three assistants In the editorial
actual rotors ns well ns hriirbtness ncparimeni
differences, Dr. Walton and Born-! Thrcc assistants in the business
1 flnri rvi
fir "f.eloii o( . JL-
111 MlMlnc Men' "mrm t f
vh fry
WED. Two You'll Like
"Piffskin Parade"
and "Sea Racketeers"
-TODAY!
Applications Must Be Filed i
In Ag Hall Room 301
By 5:00 Today.
"GIRL OF THE
LIMBERLOST"
..."FRECKLES"
...and now her
best
(U"wrrt Hull
I I Wynne Gibson
Jackie Moran
PLUS
Your two favor,
ite laugh pro.
vokert in n
all-new Joy
laden hit!
OLSEN and
JOHNSON .o
mat. 15c
20c eve.
o
rmcicr coimucicti series 01
brightness tests in which they fi-1
nally were able to equate the
brightness value of colors accord
ing to the rat's rye. This test was
run in the manner described, ex
cept that the operator gradually
increased the brightness of one ol
the lights while keeping the other
constant.
When the brilliance of the one
light approached that of the other
they found that the rat began to
make mistakes, which to the scien
tists meant that the two lights
were approaching the same bright
ness. When 00 percent of the ro
dent's choices were incorrect the
experimenters knew that the
brightness values of the two col
ors were the same. The rat ac
tually was unable to distinguish
the difference in the brightness
values of the two colors.
Determine by Color.
Once the brightness nf the col
ors has been equated, it is neces
sary to employ a new group of
rats. The job now is to train them
to their choice on the basis of
color alone. If the rat can be
trained to select the red light In
place of the blue, after the bright
ness factors of both lights have
been equated, then the scientists
feel that they have proven that
the animal is truly determining;
his selection on the basis of color.
According to Bornemeier, who j
has completed much of the ex- j
perimenting while working for his
master's degtee, it takes the rat
about 65 trials tn "catch on'' when
a hrigh'ncss test Is made. When
tests are being run to determine
color discrimination Walton and
Bornemeier found that It. required
more than 600 trials before the
animals were thoroughly trained
to select on the basis of color.
The farther apart the colors are
on the scale the easier it Is for
the rat to pick them out. They
found that It took an average of
200 trials before rats could dis
tinguish between read and blue and
red and green and more than 500
trials before they could pick blue
from yollow and red from yellow.
As for combinations of blue and
green and yellow and green, the
Nebraskans discovered that, alter
S00 trials the rats were still baf
fled and unable to make correct
selections,
Refuse to Jump.
"Once after the rat is able to
distinguish red from blue he will
,'je able to do bo even after one
color has been made so dim as to
make It Impossible for the oper
ator lo see the th! In motion,"
says Bornemeier. "If too radical
Three assistants
tion department.
in the circula-
It Mipht Be
round in Hooks
(Norman Knerter in the Amninn
review, i
If it be true, as I believe, that
the mind and will of the 20th
century man are sick, it behooves
us not to treat the symptoms, as
the social planners propose, or to
ignore the disease, as the apostles
of adult activities and survey
courses (in the universities and
colleges) propose, but to seek to
cure the tliscase.
That disease, I think we must
agree with Irving Babbitt and
President Hutchins, is ch:...x. II.'
symptoms are bewildermen', driv
ing, loss of standards, loss . ap
petite for life. Originating as a
germ of doubt, it passes by easy
stages from general skepticism to
self-destruction. The disease is
now in the futilitarian stage,
mixed with insanity, but is not
quite so far advanced in America
as In Europe,
The remedy is the adoption of
a humanistic or religious working
philosophy, and the cure, It may
conceivably turn out, will not be
completed until we have built up
a metaphysics or a theology as
Impressive as those of ancient
Greece and the middle ages . . .
And the first step is the reintro
duction into the course of study
(in the small liberal arts college
and the liberal arts colleges within
the universities) of the great
renks of the world. From Omaha
World-Herald.
JCimoln
NOW! 3 linrn Only!
The Thrill Successor To
"MEN IN WHITE'
SUirriid lit one ITum
mi . . , in lore vith
(inotlier . . .
- ... he
I y r . must
l-i'' choose
Li V " k
1 to S
P. M.
20C
EXTRA!
For Latts
'DuBarry Did All Right'
Cnniede
Betty Boon Says
"Service With a Smile"
" - ' --.r';-' A
! ' till
3MM
Cnmi Eflttyl
M.it. 25c
STUART
c.v V
HigRrH MlMl'rnl
Now!
Eleanor POWELL
Robert TAYLOR
0B?f1938lL
Jt AliO
Hi
with
Oeorus MURPHY B.nmt
i Sophie TUCKER
Raymond WALBURN Willi HOWARD
Judy GARLAND
BARNES fill) JL'
News
"i ;rVl'