THURSDAY, APRIL 22, 1937
TWO
THF DAILY FRRASKN
i
v
THE DAILY NEBRASKAN
TIIIltTY-SlXTII YEAK
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bOSANSSLSS POBTLANO SSATTLI
Dr. Robert Hutcliins on
'Intellectual Habits.'
This is a digest of Dr. Hutchins' address to
students of the University of Southern California
last week, reprinted thru the courtesy of the S. C.
Daily Trojan.)
Education is the development of habits. The
three classifications of habits are: moral, con
ventional, and intellectual.
The conventional habits are those which we
learn without arguing about them; whether we
eat with both hands or not, whether we dress
for dinner, whether we put our feet on the table,
etc: Reasons and arguments are not involved in
the learning of these habits; they are simply
learned and they are learned, for the most part,
in the early, rudimentary stages of the individual
in his home. Superficially, the extent of our learn
ing of these habits determine whether or not We
are to be called "well-bred."
The moral habits are concerned with our
conduct toward others; acting bravely, honestly,
and temperately. These habits, too, are learned in
the home, and like the conventional habits, must
be acquired by doing; that is, one becomes brave,
honest, or temperate by acting bravely, honestly,
and temperately. The extent of the learning of the
first two groups of habits is dependent upon the
effectiveness of the initial instruction and the
repeated doing of right acts. Altho this point does
not apply so completely in the case of the learning
of conventional habits, it is true that one's moral
habits, or one's character, are definitely determined
by the time he reaches the age of 16. Little reform
is possible in the individual's character after that
time, and this is demonstrated in the failure of
the penal system. We can not remake a man's
chr.ifccter even if we have his lifetime in which to
do it.
The intellectual habits are of four major classi
fications. These are: one, the habit of grasping and
using first principles (as with the mathematician);
two, the habit of demonstration (arguing from first
principles): three, the habit of intuitive reasoning
(applying the first two techniques to "matters of
great importance," or, as the ancients termed it,
the development of "phiosophical wisdom"); and
four, the habit of acting wisely or prudently. Be
cause teaching and time are particularly important
factors in the development of these habits, the
responsibility for that development falls more to
the school, and the formal program of education,
than to the home. We should qualify this by saying
that it does not mean that the home should occupy
itself solely with groups one and two to the ex
clusion of the third, or that the school should
confine itself to the development of intellectual
habits alone. It is rather a matter of emphasis; in
general, the educational consequences of this analy
sis are that the primary locus of the development
of the first two groups of habits is in the home, and
the primary locus of the third is in the formal
educational system.
My complaint is that the schools today, far
from over-emphasizing the formation of intellectual
habits, do not at all concern themselves with this
task. They are, in fact, anti-intellectual.
Some of the manifestations of ar.ti-intellectualism
In the middlewestern and western universities are:
1 ) Extreme "athleticism" which h;is been Jus
tified on the grounds that it is morally beneficial
to the young. Waiving the point that a group of
Phi Beta Kappas or almost any group of students
would probably be found to compare favorably on
moral characteristics with any eleven of a football
team, we may still point out that if moral habits
are formed by the age of 16, then there is no justi
fication for extreme 'athleticism" on grounds of
character building in universities, where the age
level is considerably above 16.
2) "Kindergartenism" or "collegiatism." The
assumption that it is a university's duty to be
responsible for the student's moral habits has fos
tered a vast system of regulation and discipline
which is entirely apart from the purpose of in
tellectual training; i. e., offices of dean of students,
counselor of men and women, dormitory regulations,
hour restrictions, and all varities of moral super
vision. 3) "Progressivism." A vogue has been sweeping
education in the country which assumes that 'so
cialization" of the individual is more important than
his "intellectualization." What he studies is of un
importance to the individual, according to this point
of view. The main object of education here is to
teach the person to be a part of, and to act with
a group. The school's only problem here, then, is
with the so-called cultural deviate who, for example,
may not like to play group games or participate in
some other group activities.
4 1 "Character building." In the use of this term
my critical thought is not concerned with the build
ing of character; the criticism is intended for those
schools which believe that "character building," as
such, can be "taught." As has already been indi
cated, moral characteristics are acquired by acting
in the so-called moral ways imparted to the person
initially in the home. The ability to act morally and
wisely is developed in a long series of experiences
in which one acts in those ways. Obviously, no such
long series of experiences can be given In a school.
Consideration of these anti-intellectual aspects
of universities brings us to the point of what the
remedy should be.
The best corrective measure which a university
can take in order to more nearly fulfill its function
as the developer of intellectual habits in its students,
is to give new meaning to the degrees of bachelor
of arts and doctor of philosophy.
The bachelor of arts should be a master of
the liberal arts: grammar, rhetoric, logic, and math
ematics. He should have developed critical tastes
in the plastic arts and in literature. He should be
qualified as a bachelor of science in the sense that
he has grasped and can use the basic principles
and facts of the natural, biological, and social
sciences.
The significance of the student work in philos
ophy, and of the degree of doctor of philosophy is
implicit in the fact that philosophy has a common
relationship with all the sciences: it is conversant
with the general principles in each and raises ques
tions vhich can pretend to be basic to all. In this way
doctor of philosophy may serve as the much needed
unifying agent to bring together and integrate the
vast amount of material which the specialists are
developing.
This program does not take into consideration
the imporatance of teaching the person "to make
a living," for the belief is that the university, in
reality, can only give the atudent a grasp of theory,
aset of intellectual habits which enable him "to
meet situations" in life.
By Bernlcs Kaufman,
A Word On Sninnerlon
To begin an autobiography with
this quotation from Burton's "An
atomy of Melancholy:
"If the title and inscription
offend your gravity, were it a
sufficient justification to accuse
others, I could produce many soDer
treatises, even sermons them
selves, which in their fronts carry
more phantastical names. How
ever, it is a kind of policy In these
clays, to prefix a phantastical title
to a book which is to be sold, for
as larks come down to a day-net,
many vain readers will tarry and
stand gazing like silly passengers
at an antic picture in a painter's
shop, that still will not look at a
judicious piece" is to laugh at
your audience In exactly the same
manner as Shaw interprets
Shakespeare to have done In the
titles. "Twelfth Night or What
You Will" and "As You Like It."
To end such a book with the
Ten Commandments, quoted In
full, Is to run the risk of being
thought blasphemous. Frank
Swlnnerton does this in his auto
biography, "Swlnnerton." We
do not doubt that he is sincere
in his quotation of the Com
mandments, just as he Is sincere
In the moralizing in the final
chapter, What I Think About
Life, but Mr. Swlnnerton is not
an old man on his death bed
and this sentimental pose leaves
a bad taste at the conclusion
of an otherwise light and some
what whimsical chat about him
self. Extremely Personal Book.
Swinnerton's avowed purpose is
to write of his own relation to life
In the last 50 years. "You are, I
hope," he says, "prepared for an
extremely personal book. . .Where
ns other autobiographers have in
tense memories of childhood, I
have none; while they record
breathless adventures by sea and
land I can tell only of people and
thoughts; even in the matter of
thoughts it will be found that mine
are often desultory and always
unsystematic." It is this personal,
and yet casual atfitude toward
"people and thoughts" that makes
"Swinnerton" such a charming
autobiography.
Swinnerton confirms the sus
picion that "Young Felix, his
most popular novel in America,
is largely autobiographical. It is
with joy that we meet "Grumps"
again, as the real gradfather of
Swinnerton. "Ma" is here too,
and "Pa" and the brother who
was an amateur actor, as well
as the inebriated aunt with the
American husband. The real find,
however, is the fact that the epi
sode of the man-eating rats and
the chocolate-eclair-eating sten
ographer, Miss Slowcome, was
actually a Swinnerton adventure.
K, L. : tlttt I t utn N SMI' 11(1
Ifto i?
dm a
(pACAA
By
m&m 99
l2l8f& prrm w j
"GOD" to thousands of devout
Negroes and most colorful figure
to crash the press' headlines for
many a day, Father Divine,
Harlem's patron saint of heaven,
will surrender to New York police
for questioning concerning the
stabbing and beating of a white
New Jersey contractor. If an in
vestigation of Father Divine's
kingdom ensues, the little Negro's
paradise might fold up after a
long run during which he has been
able to purchase tracts of
lands, ' extra-special automotive
"throwns" and worldly goods ap
propriate for a king.
REMEMBER the man the
GOPubllcans sponsored for the
presidency last year ? He in case
you've forgotten his name, it's Alf
Landon emerged from his Kansas
hibernation to speak up about the
censoring of some remarks made
by Senator Wheeler in a March
of Time film. Two women he
appointed as censors while he was
governor deleted a portion of the
sound-film. Governor Huxman,
who replaced the Kansas oil man,
doesn't feel "that the question of
free speech is involved," but that
he would recommend a review of
the censors' decision.
Ill at Ease in America.
When Mr. Swinnerton cames to
America, he takes on the guise
of an ambassador who protests too
vehemently that he is having a
good time, and who laughs too
loudly at all the jokes. He seems
decidedly ill at ease. Being con
nected for a number of years, how
ever, with a publishing company
as well as being a well-known au
thor, enables Mr. Swinnerton to
recall many amusing experiences
with the English writing world.
His pictures and anecdotes of Ar
nold Bennett, Somerset Maugham,
Hugh Walpole, Bernard Shaw, H.
G. Wells, and Aldous Huxley are
in decided contrast to his too po
lite appraisal of American writers.
Dr. Earl H. Bell, assistant pro
fessor of anthropology, attended
the central sectnion meetings of
the American Anthropological as
sociation held at Iowa City Friday
and Saturday.
Dr. Frank Henzlik, dean of
teachers college, was in Chicago
recently attending a meeting of the
yearbook commission of the Amer
ican Association of School Admin
istrators, of which he is a member.
The commission has under consid
eration the development of a year
book for the administration and
supervision of small schools.
When Dean O. J. Ferguson and
Prof. J. W. Haney of the engineer
ing college were in Seattle recently
they had lunch with the following
Nebraska graduates: J. W. Hoar,
05; Walter F. Meier, '03; J. W.
Miller, "05; Frank L. Hixenbaugh,
17; James M. Ferguson, '03;
Arthur H. Hare, '11; Charles E.
Allen, '08; Frank Harrington, '26;
John P. Hartman, '08; and Walter
A. Hlltner, '04.
Out
mi, lBth y,r of SERVICE.
j Me GUARANTEE sulUfckn.
' Our "rails" sj lneraint
) for Illah School nod. nil
t kind of Oriide Teiifhrrs.
) NONE betters few as GOOD.
5 Thow who try us are fully
f ronvlncrd. Try us, and WI.
) Our Service Made Our Business.
i And held It ever sines.
Nebraska School
Service and Teachers'
Exchange
W. E. A. AUL, Manager
Org-anlter and Owner.
319 Insurance Bulletins
llth and "O" Sts Lincoln
Sail STCA to Europe this tummer. Travel with an inter
esting and congenial group of college students. For years
Holland-America Line Steamers have been the first choice
of those who enjoy good times, pleasant accommodations,
and a delicious cuisine.
To England, franc and Holland
STATINDAM
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(PkLsjl
This Makfs Two
On Honor D;i.
To The Editor:
Perhaps Mr. Stout and I just
think the rest of th army is out
of step. At l-ant we're with the
sergeant's cadence. I suppose it
wasn't enough that our .Student
Union building was deliverei to us
on the eve of election ani by the
party in power. We inuat go atill
further and desecrate th Honor
Convocation letters to the Stu
dent I'ul!
The apeaker nought to absolve
nimaelf from all blame evidently
in anticipation of the odium hit
wordH would arouHe by telling uh
the Ufiivemity wax to blame if the
Convocation waa not Nunceaaful,
;nce they choae him flight unaeen.
What a shallow t-ubtirfUKe. He
knew when he wrote that xpeech
that he would be apeaking to uni
VerKity Mtud ntn. Yet he proceeded
to "take political thought and
rover them with threadbare
fhraeK." The AAA; of course,
being a democrat from the aolld
aouth, he would be rankled by the
ii-'iKi'in. Tl.dt'si hiHtory. The
title of th- address wi a "America
- I!.'i7." Atld the Hilbfert. of Inex
f.ra'e ,'juprerne Court and ".stuffed
li;rt.i;" needed we al' to he'ir of
them? Of courae, atyle have
changed. While we uaed to be
engaged in the aatlmc of stuffing
hin into petty office-, we now
tuff Supreme Court into lncffl
cacy. Three of my Instructor strewed
th dehirabinty of attending the
Honors Convocation. On? said we
should hear him If only to be proud
of hearing an important man. I
can say with pride that I heard Sir
Arthur Willert; not George Fort
Milton. Hi poor Judgment ha
been a poorer advertisement for
our noble Institution, the Convoca
tion. fcu h an address in lntellec-
IN THE
INI IHMAKY
Wednesday
Robert Fox, Spaulding.
Louis Ball, Omaha.
Frank Peonla, Broadwater.
Lois Cooper, Lead, So. Dak.
Lerna Kalina, Table Rock.
Alvin Nelson, Oakland.
John Richardson, Eau
Claire, Wis.
Roy Petsch, ScotUbluff.
Francis Mainey, Kenesaw.
tUHl aurrounding doe not even
rate consideration let fclone inspi
ration. OKOP.CE ML'ELLEK.
Propronive Education
Society Accuse Yale
Of Ercc-riom Violation
ST. LOUIS, Mo. (ACPI. That
Yale University I guilty of violat
ing academic freedom, wa con
eluded by a unanimous vote of
the business meeting of the Pro
gresnive Education association in
its final session.
In passing this resolution re-
1 garding the dropping of Lr.
Jerome Davis from the Yale fac
ulty, the association officer will
sent to the Yale corporation "the
regret of thl organization" that
Yale' continued refusal to reap
point rr. Liavi to the faculty for
the next year "must, in the light
of all known circumstances, be:
regarded a a violation of aca
demic freedom."
The association urged it com
mission on educational freedom to
work with other groups to obtain
" satisfactory conclusion of th
affair."
It was explained that Profeor
Davis had been conspicuous for his
sympathies with liberal and rad
ical group. It Is on thi account,
rather than for other reason
given by the administration, that
educator here believe he I being
dropped from the Yale Divinity
achool.
ARBOR DAY TRADITION
BOASTS PURELY AMER
ICAN ANCESTRY
(Continued from Page 1.)
of natural beauty existing among
mountains of man made struc
tui es.
Reforestation.
The real work which state of
ficial!! hope to inaugurate on this
Arbor Day is a rebuilding of
forests. The nation's timberland
wealth has been subject to devas
tation on a gigantic scale. MII
llona of acres of natural forest
land have been converted to waste
land by destructive cutting and
fire. In recent years reforestation
ha been greatly accelerated.
Large scale planting undertaken
by the F'orest Service and other
public agencies are restoring
thousands of acres of denuded
lands to tree growth, which will
check soil erosion and regulate
the flow of streams.
A forest lands have been re
ceiving more and more use for the
enjoyment of public, the idea has
j gained impetus and municipal or
town forests are becoming part of
community development in many
sections of the country. These
park and forests are created and
administered for many purposes,
such as for protection of reservoir
and watersheds, game preserves or
bird sanctuaries, public play
grounds and for supplies of fuel
and other products. Some wooded
areas are utilized to enhance the
beauty of landmarks nd spots
of historic interest or are estab
lished as memorials to outstanding
citizens.
The Arbor Day tret is not only a
thing o beauty and utility In
itself; it Is also a symbol, standing
for the recognition of tha impor
tance of the forset In the life
of the nation.
Prof. Charles B. Nutting of the
law college faculty will teach In
the University of Iowa law school
during the second term of the
coming summer session. He will
havr a caurse in remedies. Profes
sor Nutting is a graduate of Iowa.
w
7
JL
peop
Nebraska men students buy on an
average of two suits of clothes per
year.
90 of Them Buy in Lincoln
Tap This MarSet
through
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