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English Shoes
New shipment just
in. Russian and Gun
Calf. $4.00 and $5.00
values, now
V
llffff
accounted for. Is Uiis balance to be
paid as damages due to Colombia by
reason of the premature recognition
of Panama by the United States?
It is true that President Roosevelt
recognized the independence of the re
public of Panama within a very short
time after the declaration of its inde
pendence by the people of the Isthmus
But a recognition of independence is
merely the expression of opinion, by
the recognizing state, as to the exist-
. . . . rst 1.. k a
nr nr certain iacis. viean.v mc
lapse of time between the assertion
of its Independence by a political com
munlty and the recognition of that in
dependence by other states, cannot be
the sole determinant of the correctness
of the Judgment or the good faith of
the recognizing state. Being the ex
pression of an opinion as to the exist
ence of accomplished facts, prompt
ness or delay in acting is a matter
of indifference so long as there is a
bona fide belief that the action ac
cords with the facts.
Nor must the recognizing state act
at its peril In determining upop tne
existence of the facts. Provided it
acts in good faith, there is no prece
dent for holding that an error of
judgment in deciding that a political
community seeking recognition, wheth
er of belligerency or of independence,
is entitled to it furnishes the basis of
a claim for damages. This is simply
another way of saying that one state
has no reasonable right to expect om
niscience on the part of another state.
A necessary corollary to which is that
the failure to exercise an infallible
judgment does not render a state lia
ble to respond in damages for the real
or fancied wrongs resulting from such
failure.
England never asserted a claim for
damages against France for prema
ture recognition of the Independence
of the United States, although that
was a glaring case of the expression
of a hope rather than a Judgment Al
though Spain complained of our rec
ognition of the South American re
publics, she did not make it the basis
of a claim for damages.
The Charge that the United States
Fomented Revolution
In order to recognize the validity
of Colombia's claim against the Unit
ed States for damages resulting from
the independence of Panama, we must
reach the conclusion that the United
States fomented the revolution and of
ficially and willfully aided the revolu
tionists in establishing their independ
ence. But where is the proof to sup
port such a conclusion? I have read
all that I can find bearing upon the
history of the event and confess that
can find no convincing evidence of
guilty co-operation on the part of the
United States in bringing about the
changed political relation on the Isth
mus. The conclusion rests nuon
umption rather than upon proof.
Moreover, the assumption Is a gratiri-
ous one rather than one which is
necessary to explain the tacts.
There was ample Incentive to revolt.
part from any outside inspiration or
Interference. The people of the Isth
mus had never derived any very sub
stantial benefit from their political
connection with Colombia. Only about
one-tenth of the revenues collected
from them were spent for their bene
fit and what protection they received
they received from the United States.
To be thus used as a political asset
for the benefit of a knot of corrupt
politicians at Bogota was certainly not
well calculated to strengthen their
feeling of allegiance. Viewed in the
light of Colombia's paBt indifference
toward the welfare of the Isthmian
provinces, it seems entirely natural
that, when'thejr Interests were sel
fishly sacrificed and their reaoonable
hopes blighted by the exhibition of
political narrowness and stupidity,
tinctured with hypocrisy, in rejecting
the Hay-Herran treaty, the people of
the Isthmus should have done exactly
what they did, namely, dissolve the
political bond which kept them from
rendering the aervlce and reaping the
benefit which God and nature Intended
they should.
It is an Injustice not to concede to
those people, Bituated upon the world's
highway of commerce, some degree of
Intelligence and some degree of self
interest. Not to have manifested a
determination that their great natural
resource, due to their situation, be
used to their own and the benefit of
mankind, rather than senselessly wast
ed, would have been unmistable evi
dence of an imperative need for the
appointment of a commission of lunacy.
When the United States refused to
allow a shipload of Colombian soldiers
to fight in the vicinity of the rail
way and sent them back to Cartagena
it was by acting in accord with tne
terms of the treaty of 1846 and con
forming to the policy outlined by Sew
ard in
October 9, 1866: .
The United States have always ab
stained from any connection with ques
tions of internal revolution in Panama
or any other of the states of the Unit
ed Slates of Colombia, and will con
tinue to maintain a perfect neutrality
in such domestic controversies. In
the case, however, that the transit
trade across the Isthmus should suf
fer from an invasion from either do-!
mestic or foreign disturbances of the
peace in the state or Panama, the
United States will hold themselves i
ready to protect the same.
John Hay's Testimony
hall is gone. Who disposed of it or
whither It has gone are matters of
mystery and are the cause of many
comments V those having classes In
this building. It is only to be con
jectured whether someone has Uk
uio uui w idiots some money, to ret
rid of it in order to have a tautfble
reason to be late for classes, or to do
away with it as a mere Joke.
S R O R T..S
i
137 HIGH SCHOOLS
ENTER STATE TOURNEY
One hundred and thirty-seven en
tries have been made thus far for
the high school basketball tourna
meat to be held in Lincoln March 8,
9, 10 and 11. The list includes sixty
eight new schools.
The playing floor available will be
. thA nnnnrv and rhnnpl at the univer-
n riianntrh to Mr. minon oi r
SUV. tne i . ju. j. a. noor ana iue
city auditorium. The teams will be
classified into three divisions: A, B,
and C. This classification will be
made on the basis of the record for
the season, the class of teams played,
the size of the city, the number of
veterans on the team, the number of
boys in the high school and the tour
nament experience.
A silver loving cup will be present
ed to the winner of each class, and
gold medals will be given to the six
men on the winning teams. Banners
will be given to teams who place sec
ond in each class.
The entire receipts "of the tourna-
In its refsual to allow the use of ment will be pro-rated among the vis
the railroad for the transportation ofjtins teams according to the distance
troops, the United States was not, J traveled. Last year about four-fifths
therefore, introducing any new inter-i of the transportation was paid.
pretation of the Treaty of 1846. And
it is worth noting that it exercised
this right against the troops of Pan-
It is planned by the athletic depart
ment of the university and the Com
mercial club of the city of Lincoln
contestants are furnished free access
to the various basketball games at all
times.
The list of entries are:
Ainsworth, Alma, Arlington, Atkin-
Genuine fiatuaiian ffand made
ama as well as against those of Co-ito helP defray the expense of a ban-
. . ..... . . . ..it i . .I,
lomma. as against tne unsunDortea iuci uic an ton ua incntuu am
assumption of guilty participation in
the revolution by the United States,
I place the word of John Hay, than
whom no one was in a better posi
tion to know, and whose ability,
truthfulness and sense of honor do
not suffer by comparison with that
of any other diplomat America has
produced. In a letter of December 8,
103, to James Ford Rhodes, the his
torian, Mr. Hay says:
When I think of how manv mis
takes I have made which have es
caped notice, I ought not to be dis
satisfied with being lambasted in an
occasional case where I have done
right It is hard for me to under
stand how any one can criticize our
action In Panama on the grounds upon
which It is ordinarily attacked. The
matter came on us with amazing celer
ity. We had to decide on the instant
whether we would take possession of
the ends of the railroad and keep the
traffic clear, or whether we would
stand back and let those gentlemen
cut each other's throats for an indefi
nite time, and destroy whatever rem
nant of our property and interests we
had there. I had no hesitation as to
the proper course to take and have
had no doubt of the propriety of it
since."
In no less uncertain tone does he
speak of the part taken by President
Roosevelt In a letter of January 20,
1904, to Professor George P. Fisher,
he says:
"I am cure that if the president had
acted differently, when, the 3rd of No
vember, he was confronted by a criti
cal situation which might easily have
turned to disaster, the attacks which
are now made on him would have
been ten times more virulent and
more effective. He must have done
exactly as he did, or the only alter
native would have been an Indefinite
duration of bloodshed and devasta
tion through the whole extent of the
Isthmus. It was a time to act and
not to theorize, and my Judgment at
least is clear that be acted rightly."
(To Be Continued)
Mechanics Art Clock Gone
The clock In the Mechanics Art
son, Auburn, Arnold, Alliance, Alexan.
drla, Bancroft, Battle Creek, Beatrice,
Bethany, Bristow, Broken Bow, Cairo
Cedar Bluffs, Central City, Ctaadron!
Clarks, Columbus, Cortland, Cozad,
Craig, Crete, Creighton, Crofton.
DeWitt, Diller, Dodge, Edgar, Elgin,
Elmwood. Eustis. Ewing, Exeter, Fair
mont, Falls City, Franklin Academy,
Fremont, Fullerton, Friend, Fairfield,"
Genoa, Geneva, Gibson, Gothenburg,
Grand Island, Hampton, Hardy, Hart'
ington, Havelock, Hebron, Holdrege,
How-ells. Mumboldt, Harvard, Hast
Ings. Kearney, Kearney Military Academy,
Kenesaw, Kimball, Lincoln, Lawrence,
Louisville, Lynch, Lyons, Lowell
Rural, Lebanon, Lexington, Merne.
Madison, Marquette, Maxwell, Meadow
Grove, Minden, Murdock.
Nebraska City, Nelson, Nebraska
Military Academy, Newman Grove,
North Bend, Norfolk, Ohiowa, Oak
dale, Omaha High School of Com
merce, Omaha, Ong, Ord, Osceola. Os
mond, Palisade, Panama, Papillion.
Plainview, Pierce, Plattsmouth, Ran
dolph. "Ravenna, Rising City, Rushvllle,
Sutton, Sargeant, Seward, Schuyler,
Sheldon.
Sidney, South Omaha, Stockham,
Stickley, " Scotts Bluffs, Springfield,
Stanton, Steele City, Stockville, Su
perior, Stromsburg, Table Rock, Tal
mage, Taylor, Teachers' High School
Lincoln. Tilden, University Place,
Waco, Wahoo, Wayne, Wymore, Wln
netoon. West Point, Wilper. Wilcox,
Wausa, Wolbach, Wood River, Winne
bago, York.
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