E Whmr V r te hi x k3 V 1 ii Rijlht Kind of Men Quays success in buying and bull dozing the Pennsylvania Republican convention and thus securing the nomi nation of his candidate for Governor may prove the defeat of his party in the Keystone State It is alleged that if the Democrats nominate the right man for Governor they will be able to elect him This condition of affairs is not peculiar to Pennsylvania All over the country facts are making it evident that this year presents a great oppor tunity for the Democratic party The people are disgusted with the hypoc risy and dishonesty of the Republicans and are ready to deprive them of the power which have abused But as in Pennsylvania Democratic success requires that the right kind of men be jiuminatcd by the Democrats How--ever Democratic success with the -wrong kind of men for candidates -would be worse than defeat for the effect of electing incompetent or un sound men this fall would be to imperil the chances of victory in the campaign of 1900 This has ursed caie - vi aw j iwo paper ino Raisins Money for the War If ordinary common sense instead of the desi e to favor certain contributors to the Republican campaign fund of ISOO were animating the majority in Congress the war revenue bill would have been constructed on the lines sug gested by the Democratic minority in stead of on those advocated by tho agepts of confederated corporations The Democratic plan provided ample revenue for the expenses of the war without unduly taxing any portion of the community It authorized a new issue of treasury notes greenbacks so called to an amount that could be ab sorbed by the business of the country wKli benefit to all excepting perhaps the professional money lenders It pro vided for the coinage of a certain quan titv of iilver now lying Idle in the uuiio vi iic oo eiiuiicnt and It leYivu uco f J r senator unurston whose heart was touched by the sufferings of the Cuban reconcentrados visit Hazelton Will not the Republican President who wanted to send bread to the starving people of Cuba send a few crumbs to the victims of the coal trust Weylers of Pennsylvania Sheriff Martin and his men taught the Hazelton miners that to strike meant death That the ri fles of the sheriffs- guard would blow the remnants of life out of the emaciated bodies of starving strikers Men who have faced the deadly rifles carried by the hired assassins of the coal lutrons and who have appealed to the- courts of justice only to be denied itcarp not likely to demand their rights The danger is too great There- fore thse ypov wretches are now beg ging Congress for assistance Misera ble as their lives are still they want to pVservo theni and rather than starve and in preference -to being murdered they make ujeiidicants pf themselves Truly this is a land of liberty A land where the trusts fue protected and the Vj I 3 Jrr hi zjAi k Coining the ceigniorapre Silver sentiment is- dead shouts a Chicago ailijif lustration organ one day and the net day it mourns ovcr the fact that the House makes a conces sion to silveivin the matter of coining the seigniorage If silver sentiment is dead why is the House making a con cession to it What is the nouse afraid of Ghosts It is evident that the Government needs money There is 42000000 worth of silver in the treasury but that must not be coined says the gold advocating press Bonds are what we want Gold bonds arc preferred but as we cant get them we will take coin bonds But why bonds instep1 ot tut t dnioney lying in the afe loyal Democrats be chosen CUid let the crankSand the men of one idea remain in the harmless seclusion of private life Chicago Dispatch AVanamaker la Rijrht In order for us to have good times the people must not only have money but they must also spend it freely The two things are reciprocal It is the market that keeps the factories and the stcv cs going ana pays tue wages uiiis is wlmrtfohnWaiiamaker said recent- r -- si lv Mr Wanamaker is one or tne tew rich men in tills country with a glimmer of economic sense The average eduo rial idiot is advising the people to sa v their -money They must be saving it they certainly are not spending much of it Nothing will so quickly breed hard times as an epidemic of economy There is a circulating medium of but 23 per capita and probably 15 of tins is in the banks or otherwise Idle If the people save the remaining S which is not much to save what be comes of our circulation medium And yet the people are urged to save their J money You might as well ask a man to save his breath or dam up the cir culation of his blood Under our laugh able0 system of society- the spendthrift is a benefactor and the prudent is an enemy to the public welfare A New Definition The word plutocrat does not neces sarily mean a rich man It is a strange fact that a vast majority of plutocrats are poor men financially as n well as morally poor while many wealthy peo ple are the most genuine of Democrats A plutocrat is one who looks upon wealth as a warrant of respectability and with theright of Industrial and po litical authority and of government ot by and for the rich The toadies to wealth the caterers to monopoly gov ernment and the blind Unthinking partisan who votes and works for the party with a record adverse to the popular interest is the meanest most contemptible and most dangerous plu tocrat though not worth a dollar Kansas Standard uuts or the treasury- ich 1 ponds the selection of Democraticicaadatr bear interest TBonds make bankerc for Congress boeausow insure future victories Let wiseujti juuuupiuibYuv jcvy uj w jiuj tribute to the plutocrat and coining thbulllon into money does not put any jju uijv jMrui nv iy uv JiiJi iw vic handSj of bondholders Nevertheless the seigniorage is to be coined and all because the members of the House of Representatives are afraid of ghosts Chicago Dispatch Keijjn of Trusts With absolute unanimity the Republi can Senators have voted to tax the peo ple and not to tax the trusts Solid as a Roman phalanx the Republicans pre sented an unbroken front to the Demo cratic attempt at reaching the hoarded millions of the plutocrats Taxes on tho necessities of life were favored by the Republicans The poor mans lux uries were gladly placed on the tax list by these patriotic and noble minded gentlemen when atax on corporations was suggested a howl of indignant pro test was raised and the proposition vas promptly voted down When the Re publicans could not argue they descend ed to ridicule and pretended to see something extremely funny in the Idea of taxing trusts That is just the way the aristocrats treated the demands of the people before the French revolu tion inaugurated a reign of terror There will be no reign of terror in the United States but thanksto the intel ligence of the common people there will cease to exist the reign of trust Exchange To Anthorizc Income Tax Rcpresefrfaf ive Barlow of California has introduced a joint resolution to amend the Constitution by adding as the close of the first clause of section S article 1 after tlf words of United States thefollowihgj i4Biit nothing in this clause or in this constitution shall boso construed or interpreted as to destroy or abridge in any way the right of Congress whenever in its dis cretion it may le deemed necessary for the public good to levy a tax oh in- coms in excess of 2000 per annum aijd Congress is expressly empowered to levy sueh a tax fixing either a com mon rate for all or a graded scale ac cording to the amount of income as in its discretion1 may seem best for the welfare of the nation The One Exception President of the Orange Free State is probably the only living ruler of a country avIio has publicly denounc ed the capitalist -class He warned his hearers JSgaihstfcaiHtalists who were sucking tbe lifeblood from the veins of the working men Capitalists in the sister republic tfhe Transvaal when they could not get their way shut down the mines This was simply taking the bread out of the mouths of the work ing men Looking north there was a great Imperialist no doubt meaning Cecil Rhodes under the guise of phi lanthropy calling the working men in to the country to slave for him for he had a monopoly in the country vwu lil IMWHM - Si - it- v P J - THE SENATORS AND SILVER Some of the silver Senators are easily satisfied as they showed when they voted at the last moment for the war revenue bill as it came from the con ference committee with the proviso for the coinage of the seigniorage stricken out and an authorization for the coin ing of a million and a half of silver dob lars a month put in place thereof This concession to the silver men amounts to very little indeed for the mints have been turning out a million of dollars of the white metal every month under existing law and the addition of a halt million lore of thorn i starving and have petitioned Congress i montli or six millions vote moy for their aid Will not n the course of a year is so small a matter as to scarcely be worth mentioning in connection with so im portant a measure as this bill which provides for the collection of additional taxes to the amount of probably 150 000000 a year and for the Increase of the interest bearing public debt by the issuance of 1 00000000 more of bonds Had the silver Senators stood by each other earnestly they could have un doubtedly secured better terms from the gold majority in the House It was probably their desire not to delay ac tion on the bill but to put the Govern ment in command at once of all the money it needs for the prosecution of the war that prompted them to vote as thej did New York News taxes impartially on those best able to pay them The Republican plan on the other hand is to increase the bonded debt of the nation enormously and to save all the big corporations and trusts that canie up with lfberal contributions two years ago to encompass the defeat of William J Bryaii for the presidency of the United States- - Coal Miners Starving There are reconcentradps in the Unl ted States There are Weylers and Blancos exercising their despotic pow er in the land of the free and the home of the brave Hazelton miners are 5 CAVE DWELLERS OF ALASKA Queer People Who Inhuit Kings Island in the Bering e A race of cave dwellers live On a small island off the Alaskan coast It is Kings Island in Bering Sea due south of Cape Prince of Wales There is only one village there and this has a population of 200 Dr Sheldon Jack son the United States agent of educa tion in Alaska says that it is one of the most remarkable settlements in America yet few people know of its existence Kings Island Is about a mile in length and is a mass of basalt rock which rises perpendicularly out of the sea to a heightof from 700 tq jLOOO feet At the south side this is cleft in two by a deep ravine which is filled by a huge permanent snow bank High up on the west side of the ravine Is the vil lage of Ouk ivak which consists of about forty dwelllngspartly hollowed out of the cliff and built up outside with stone walls Across the top of these walls are laid large drift wood poles over these are placed hides and over the hides grass and dirt The houses are entered by a tunnel which runs along underneath sometimes for a distance or fifteen feet and ends un der a hole eighteen Inches in diameter in the floor of the room above -This is the front door of the establishment The tunnel is so low that it is neces sary to stoop and often to crawl the entire leiigtli of it - In summer these houses generally be come too damp to live in The people then erect another dwelling on top this is a tent of walrus hide which is stretched over a wooden frame and guyed to the rocks by ropes to prevent its being blown off- fnto the sea These tents allow of a room about ten or fif teen feet square and entered by means of an oval hole in the hide about two feet above the floor A narrow plat form two feetAvide runs along outside of the door and leads back to the hill These platforms are often fifteen or twenty feet above the winter dwelling below Xt the other side of the deep ravine at the base of the cliff is a huge cavern into which the sea dashes At the back of this is a large bank of perpetual snow- The cave dwellers use this as a storehouse They dig rooms in the snow and store their provisions which freeze solid and keep the year round for the temperature in the snow never rises above 82 degrees Pittsburg Chronicle Telegraph The Proline Liife of Alaska John Muir who has summered and wintered in the Alaskan lands says in the Atlantic Nowhere on my travels so far have I seen so much warm blooded rejoicing life as in this grand Arctic reservation by so many regarded as desolate Not alone are there wholes in abundance along the shores and in numerable seals walruses and white bears but great herds of fat reindeer Uii ihe tundras andiviidieepxej hares lemmings whistling marmots and birds Perhaps more birds are born here than in any other region of equal extent on the continent Not only do strong winged hawks eagles and water fowl to whom the length of the conti nent is only a pleasant excursion come up here every summer in great num bers but also many short winged war blers thrushes and finches to rear their young in safety re enforce the plant bloom with their plumage and sweeten the wilderness with song fly ing all the way some of them from Florida Mexico and Central America n thus going so far north they are only going home for they were born here and only go South to spend the winter months as New Englanders go to Florida- Sweet voiced troubadours they sing in orange groves and vine clad tnagnolia woods in winter in thickets of dwarf birch and alder in summer and sing and chattel5 more or less all the way back and forth keeping the whole country glad Oftentimes in New England just as the last snow patches are melting and the sap in the maples begins to flow the blessed wanderers may be heard about or chards and the edges of fields where they have stopped to glean a scanty meal not tarrying 1ongV knowing they have far to go Tacifrg the -footsteps ui spring muy arrive in men luuuru homes in JnneprJidyiyand set out on their return journeys in September or as soon as their families are able to fly well 1 4 5 v i - - Tho Origin of Tally ELp As quaint amixurepjf words ahcTin terjectional cries as J have met with is in an 6d French cyclopedia of 1763 which giyesa minute description of the hunters craft and prescribes exactly what is to be cried to the hounds in all possible contingencies of the chase If the creatures understand grammar and syntax the language could not be more accurately arranged for their ears Sometimes we have what seem pure in teitjeetional cries Thus to encour age the hounds to work the huntsman is to call to them Ha halle halle halle while to bring them up before they are uncoupled it is prescribed that he shall call Hau hau or Han tahaut and when tiiey are uncoupled he is to change his cry to Haul la y la la y la tayau a coll which suggests the Norman origin of the English tally-ho Primitive Culture Commercial Travelers in Germany Germany has about 00000 commer cial travelers on the road 300 days a year Their expenditure in hotels is es timated at 150000 a day or 45000 000 a year In time people become so accustom ed to outrages that they pay no atten tion to them When looking for lodgings a man must either inquire within go with- r yVZQjJVL u Unpenf - OWje VV- When Tom Sheridan was reading Euclid with his tutor he found it very tedious and after a time he asked Was Euclid a good man The tutor did not know Was he an honorable truthful man We know nothing to the contrary Then dont you think we might take his word for all this When the Athenaeum Club was first founded Croker one of its founders was urgent that no man should be ad mitted who had not in some way dis tinguished himself in literature Soon after heproppsed the Duke of Welling ton when- some one said The duke has1 rietffer written a book True re plied Croker but he is a capital hand at reviews A clever remark made at a London dinner not long ago is reported by the Bazars correspondent They were talking of George Alexander the En glish actor and some one remarked that his real name was Samson What a pity said a lady that he doesnt keep it Its such a good name for a player Samson was the first actor who brought down the house 1 A Scotchman living in London recent ly ran across two of his countrymen and took them with him to a big public dinner In his hospitality lie sent to their table champagne and yet more champagne and after a time went to see personally how they were faring He found them depressed How are you getting on he asked The reply came Oh were gettin on fine but were verra fateeggit with thae mineral waters A judge of the Bombay high court who is pompous In manner and never forgets that ho is a judge was walking up and down the platform of a small railway station up country just before taking his seat in the train At that moment a hot and perspiring English man rushed on to the platform and said to the judger Is this the Bombay train The judge coldly remarked I am not the station master The other man at once retorted Then confound you sir why do you swagger about as If you were The celebrated Massimo family in Roifiewho claim descent from Quintus Fablus Maximus the dictator have just celebrated as they do annually the anniversary of the restoration to life of Taolo Massimo who died in 1583 and was miraculously revived by St Philip Neri It was to the grandfather of the present Prince Massimo that Na poleon put the question And are jou so sure you really are descended from Quintus Fabius Maximus Well answered the prince calmly 41they have been saying so here in Rome for the lujt two tiiodSa nd years A certain novelist who recently re ceived from a lady an unstamped letter askiugthe loan of his book on the plea that she could not obtain it at the book sellers 4n her own town sent her a re ply worded as follows Dear Madam In the town where you reside there ap peals to be a lack of all sorts of things which are easily procurable -elsewhere not only my recent work but also of postage stamps for letters I have in my possession it Is true the book you desire to obtain and also the stamps to pay its carriage but to my regret I am without the necessary string to make it into a parcel If you can sup ply me with a piece I am at your serv ice A temperance lecturer once addressed an unconvinced audience in Kentucky and when he made the announcement that the effect of alcohol is to shorten life he was astonished to see an old man rise at the back of the hall and shout Youre a liar Why in quired the advocate of Adams ale Because sir Ive been drinking for seventy five years and Im ninety and am likely to live to be 100 I am strong enough to lick you If joull step out side Oh no doubt sir Youre an exception sir If you keep on drink ingjie lecturer paused What asked ihe impatient old toper If you keep on drinking youll have to be shot on judgment day When the Methodist conference at Lawrence Kan was almost ready to close some of the ministers were dis cussing the appointments and agreed among themselves that everything was coming out satisfactorily the appoint ments having been all fixed up Then another preacher bade his brethren not to be too sure For said he I was in conference with Bishop Fowler once and we fixed everything up and then the bishop asked to be allowed to com mune with God awhile The rest of us retired and from the condition in which we found the appointments when we came back I should say that if the bishop talks with God again to day he is likely to break that slate of ours into pieces so small that we cant write our names on em Sir William Rowan Hamilton pro fessor of astronomy in the Dublin Uni versity used to recall with a humor ouinelancholy his first meeting with his predecessor Bishop Brinkley when said he I am afraid I offended him Hamilton was a youth of eighteen and sat next him at some public luncheon They did not speak and the younger man felt that good manners required him to break the silence His eye hap pened to rest on a large map of Van Diemens Land hanging on the wall My lord said he turning to the bish op were you ever in Botany Bay The bishop turned to him with a look of severe displeasure Eat your soup sir thundered the old gentleman eat your soup And then it occurred to ji -- 1 vi - - - j iwU -- ilv iii iU was asking -whether head ever been transported for at that time Botany Bay was where desperate criminals were sent MISTAKES OF INSECTS Present Day Naturalists Deny That They Reason Few scientific prejudices have been more difficult to overcome than that which removes from animals tlijreii soning faculty and probably ninny years will yet elapse before it will be recognized that all animals which Iconic under ordinary observation ed with the same kind of faculty a though developed in various degrees ot a descending scale which distinguishes man and the so called higher organ isms The bee and ant have been fre quently held up as the best exponents of the instinct class and more receutly of the exceptional animals which de veloped reasoning powers and it was a rude shock not only to the layman but as well to the scientist when Sir John Lubbock as the result of an al most endless series of experiments an nounced a few years ago that these ani mals were sadly wanting both in their instinctiye and intellectual traits In other words there were many times when both instinct and intelligence erred for thc m vSome most remarkable instances of the erring of instinct among insects have frequently been noted by natural- ists and they add an interesting chap ter to the physiology of sense One of these was the case of a butterfly which persisted in visiting the artificial flow ers on a ladys bonnet mistaking tliem for the natural product Another and perhaps more striking instance of fault is noted by the distinguished French entomologist M R BlanchariL mid concerns a species of sphinx moth which entered a hotel room in the half obscurity of early morning and was found to flit with direct intent to definite parts of walls and ceilings These were decorated with paintings of leaves and flowers and to tjie lat ter the insect approached in repeated attacks thrusting forward its as though intent upon intruding it into the opened cups of the beguil ing flowers After repeated failures and the resulting discouragement the effort was given up and the sphinx escaped by the window This cose oi self deception is interesting in anothei way inasmuch as it proves that it is not always the sense of smell but ai times that of sight which directs in sects to their flowers Washingtor Star Mysterious Defects in Engines Defects often develop in steam en gines and other machines that are very mysterious in their origin and call foi great ingenuity in detecting the cause Unless a man in charge of an engine develops habits of close observation he is likely to be easily bcaieiiwhen any thing unusual takes place We read lately of a tendency to run away of a Corliss engine which was a great mystery for a time The engine would speed up J for a few moments without any apparent cause and drop back to its normal speed without any thing being done The engine was taken apart and examined carefully and particular attentioriwas devoted to the governor but nothing wrong could be found One day while the engineer was looking at the engine it suddenly speeded up about fifty rev- olutions above the normal and5 before the steam could be shut off it dropped back to the regular speed The engine was stopped the governor again faken apart the valve mechanism examined and a minute inspection made ovetdthe whole machine and nothing couid be found the matter Some of the people about were begin ning to think that this erratic engine was acting outside of natural laws and that a real mystery surrounded the tendency to ran away By accident the engineer grasped the governor belt and was surprised to find that the pul ley turned on the shaft The pulley was of the common kind made in two pieces and bolted together being held to the shaft by the friction of the parts The bolts had worked loose and permit ted the pulley to turn on the shaft at short intervals When hearing about this mystery the surprise we experienced was that the engineer did not thoroughly examine that pulley after he had looked at the governor Tabby Takes tho Elevator The Philadelphia bourse is the home of a very intelligent cat This which is coal black without a single white spot npon her has a fondness for traveling in the elevator She js per fectly at home there and navels up and down many times daily She goes to the door of the elevator shaft and mews until tlie car comes along and takes her on The various elevator men are verv careful of herT for she is a great mouser and in the bourse as in other big buildings mice are troubled some These little pests frequently de stroy valuable documents supposedly safely stowed away in desks and draw ers Tabby notifies the elevator men what floor she desires to get off upon by mewing loudly as the car comes to the particular story In this way she makes a tour of inspection of the entire building Philadelphia Record Weeds Killed by Electricity Electricity is used to destroy weeds in a new device which can be usel on an ordinary mowing machine one wire of the dynamo being attached to the cutting bar and the other grounded through one of the wheels so that if the weeds are cut when damp a current of electricity enters each root and burns it as the top is cut The confidence man is an adept at making farming profitable You can never tell what a womanor jij k fjpiug tk rSfSwmi -3 TBe session of the House on Saturday was devoted to debate upon the Hawaiian resolutions The Senate amendments to thebillbrgantzing the naval ibospital corps was In theHousc on Monday the annexation of Hawaii to the United States was under discussion Mr Newlands silverite Nev introduced the debate with a speech in support of his resolution for annexation For nearly two hours the Senate hud un der discussion the resolution of Mr Lodge Mass directing the Claims Committee to make an inquiry as to the disposition of the money appropriated by Congress to pay the claim o the book concern of the Methodist Episcopal Church South A heated colloquy between Mr Chandler N H and Mr Pasco was the feature of the discussion A hill granting to the Cripple Creek Railroad Company of Col orado a right of way through the Pikes Teak timber land reserve was passed An act authorizing the appointment of a non partisan commission to collate informa tion and to consider and recommend leg isnation to meet the problems presented by labor agriculture and capital was passed The Hawaiian debate proceeded in the House on Tuesday Mr Grosvenor Rep O made tlie principal speech of the day At the session of the Senate the resolution of Mr Lodge Mass directing that an inquiry be made into the disposition made of the Methodist Book Concern claim which was paid recently by Congress was adopted without division In the course of the debate upon it Mr Morgan Ala charged that the resolution was insincere and had been drawn for political effect This statement Mr Lodge denied vigor ously saying his only purpose in offering the resolution was that all the facts con cprningthe matter should be laid before the people -The measure- to incorporate the International American Bank was un der discussion for three hours the debate eliciting some interesting facts concern ing the foreign trade of this country Final action was not taken on the bill A bill to authorize a retired list for enlisted men and appointed petty officers of the United States was passed By a vote of 200 to 01 the nouse of Representatives Wednesday afternoon adopted the Newlands resolutions pro viding for the annexation of Hawaii The debate which had continued without iu terrrintion since Saturday had been one of the most notable of this Congress tlie proposed annexation being considered p great commercial and strategic import ance by its advocates audtbeing looked upon by its opponents as involving a i adical departure from the long established policy of the country and likely to bo followed by the inauguration of a pronounced pol icy of colonization the abandonment of the Monroe doctrine and participation in international wrangles More than half a hundred members participated in the de bate The Senate resumed consideration of the International American bank biii An amendment was accepted by the com mittee and adopted extending the priv ileges of the measure to all citizens of the United States instead of restricting them to those mentioned in the bill When the Senate adjourned consideration of- the bill had not been cdncludtfd tt In jheJHpuse on Thursday Mr Dingley Rep Mej called up the bill supplemental to the7 war revenue measure designed to supply some omissiens and to strengthen tlie mermaoeirryiugiOitfthe rcvenue jict ItexcinntSfroin taxation mutual casual ty -fidelity -and guaranty companies con ducted not fbrprofit After explanation by Mr Dingley the billwas passed The House passed a bill authorizing the con struction of a bridge across Niagara river at Grand Island and then went into com mittee of the whole to consider the gen eral deficiency bill In the general debate upoa the bill Mr Wilson Dem S G de livered a speech in support of the Lodge immigration bill and Mrl Carmack Dem Tcnn spoke upon the probability of the war ending m the inauguration of a policy Of territorial aggression The bill was not disposed of when the House adjourned Alter devoting an hour to the discussion of the bill restoring the annuities to the Sisseton and Wahpetn bands of Sioux Indians the Senate resumed the consid eration of the bill to incorporate the Inter national American Bank A test on an amendment clearly indicated that a ma jority of the Senate favored the measure The message clerk of the House of Rep resentatives delivered to the Senate the Hawaiian annexation resolution presented by the House the evening before The Foreign Relations Committee through Mr Davis the chairman on Fri day reported favorably to the Senate the Newlands resolutions for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands The bill to in conjorate the International American Bank in accordance with the recommend ation of the Pan American congress which has occupied a greater part of the Senates time during the week was pass ed by u vote of 2G to 23 The conference report on the bankruptcy bill was present ed and read but no action was taken The general deficiency bill occupied the atten tion of the House l Ant Knowledge The president of the Agassiz Associa tion Hn Ballard recently caught ah ant near its hill shut it up in a bos carried it 150 feet away and set it free in the middle of a sandy road What followed be thus describes It -seemed at fiist bewildered Then it climbed to the top of a ridge of sand erected its body as high as possible waved its antennae for several seconds and then started in a straight line for home Too Much for Him Sad about Joe Smiths insanity poor fellow What ailed him Well be was janitor in a banki and 4roke down liis constitution trying o keep it -warm enough for thin clerks and cool -enough for the tat ones J Yi Clpvesfor the World - The -two littlejslands of ZanziJrnnd Peiba f in rai four fifths of tlicovea consumed by the vioiiu i i n Xj 1 i l