FREQUENCY OF CULTIVATION
In drv seasons farmers are of
ten advised to keep tlit? cultiva
tors going in tin corniiclds in
order to get over them at least
once a week, 1' this good ad
vice? Is it m*i i >sary to cover
Inc ground so often if no rain*
intervenes To answer these
question* it is necessary to un
derstand why wc cultivate: then
our reasoning powers should he
called into action to determine
when and how often the corn
needs to he > ultivated.
In the first place hv cultivate
to kill weeds. In spile of all that
has been said and written about
.soil mulches in recent years, it
must he admitted that weed kill
ing is the greatest object of cul
tivation for growing crops. A1
low weeds tog row in a cornfield
unchecked, and in tile best of
seasons the yield of corn will be
nothing. Keep the weeds down
fey scraping then off at ihc Sur
face of the ground, and even
though not.much be kept on the
top of the soil, if the season is
favorable a very good crop will
result. Weeds are the greatest
wasters of soil moisture with
which we have to contend; they
are veritable pumps through
wkh h the si';u and Wind dry out
the soil at a terrific rate.
The second reason for cultiva
tion, and one that would he put
first by many men, is to con
serve moisture. Hut do you
know that a crust of dry soil,
such as is formed on western
plains very soon after a rain, is
almost as effective against al
lowing deeper seated moisture to
escape as a mulchf Wc know
from observation that when soil
becomes very dry water does not
pass into it readily. Thus after
n light shower we find the line
between wet and dry c-arth very
definite andd marked. The rea
son for this is that the dry soil
is so dry that it does not. at
tract moisture by capillary at
traction.
If after a heavy rain the sur
face of the soil can be dried out
rapidly, the layer of dry soil will
net as a cheek to the escape of
soil moisture whether it he loose
or hard. So far as holding mois
ture is concerned the important
thing accomplished by cultivating
after a rain is to hasten the dry
ing out of a protective surface
layer. Hut to hold moisture the
hard dry layer is quite as effec
tive as the soft dry layer. The
effectiveness of a covering of the
soil to prevent tile escape of
moisture depends more upon is
dryness, ami consequent lack of
capillary attraction for water,
than upon its looseness.
Bui while a layer of hard dry
earth is as effective against eva
poration of water from the soil
as a layer of soft dry earth,
yet il is not as good for the
crops, for the reason that il does
not permit of adequate soil ven
tilation. Within the soil, proces
ses ol decay arc taking place
that prepare plant food for tin*
use of plants. This cannot pro
ve d without the admission of
air, and air cannot circulate free
ly enough through a hard crust.
The: cfnro, wc cultivate to veil
tilatc tin* soil, as well as to has
ten the drying out of a layer of
surface soil to act as a mulch,
t’u i lent inn to ventilate the soil is
prohahly as important, or even
more so. as to cheek eva] Miration.
Now, after we have a dry lay
er of soil over our fields to pre
vent the escape of moisture, and
having no surface crust to break
up , does it do an y good to drag
my kind of an implement
through this mulch to stir it up?
lu other words if we have as
de. (i a mulch mi our cornfields
us. run he placed there without in
'.UJ'iiig the corn roots, and weeds
tee uot growing, does that field
need sitrring until rain comes
again to destroy the mulch; l\ea
sou indicates that it does not.
By re-stirring the already loose
earth we cannot bring moisture
from below as some suppose; nei
ther can we make the mulch we
have any more effective.
At the Nebraska Experiment
Station two years ago, plats of
tioru were cultivated throughout
the month of August, though no
rain came to injure the mulch
that was on the field at the first
of the month. It was found that
this simple re-stirring of a mulch
that already existed did not in
crease the yield of corn a par
ticle. lienee we may conclude
that our judgment should indicat<
when it is necessary to cultivate.
Whin heavy rains come and re
pack the surface soil, cultivation
hastens the drying out of a pro
tective surface layer of soil and
aids in the ventilation of the
soil. Under such circumstances
we may suppose that cultivation
would be profitable even long
/TONE’S 0L0\
mim eeFFiE
hold. iis fru-ndj—i! * surest proof
of (fou lness. You 11 Lke us fine
aroma a*ul color, its full body. Car?fully
fUMtfctcd coffees, blended, milled and roasted
to make ihcfinc-t cup quality. More cups
| to the pound. See that the seal i» unbroken.
* A?k your grocer today. M)e a pourd. j
X T0N£ DWOS. Dss fcloinaft, la. f
X **Tk<rr fire iw„ Hn ’ ■ of apices, f
X iONi *- . * wl7/* ✓
after tlie corn is nominally Kill
by. Hut |o drag a oulitvator
through dry dust is at lies) ol
j very doubtful benefit.
The Value Of Ideals
What we make of ourselves de
pends upon the ideals which we
habitually hold. Our lives are
shaped upon our mental models.
If these he high, flic life is lofty;
if low, it grovels. Man is no boi
ler than his ideals. The stream
ran not rise higher than its
source. Our work can never
overtoil our ideal, our ambition.
It is a great tiling to keep the
constant suggestion of high ideals,
of things that are grand and
noble in human achievement, in
the mind. It, tends to make us
live the right and hate the
wrong.
There is one thing we ought to
hold in such saeredness that no
consideration could induce us to
dilute it, and that is the quality
of the life, the quality of our
ideals. Whatever else we are
careless about, we can not afford
to carry through life low ideals,
second-class personalities or de
moralized mentalities. However
humble pur homes or ordinary our
environment, we should keep the
quality of life, the personality,
at the highest possible standard.
We should allow nothing to de
teriorate it.
Yet most people are careless
and indifferent regarding , the
quality of their lives. There is a
slipshodness in their living, a
slovenliness in their mentality,
which tend to deteriorate the
quality of the life and make it
cheap and eoinmon-plaee.
Whatever your career, guard
your ideal aN the apple of your
eye, the pearl of great price; for
everything depends upon the di
rection in which that points. If
it points downward, no amount of
money or influence can redeem
you from mediocrity, or even
save you from a degraded life.
Man is so made that he must fol
low Ins ideal, lie can not go up
if his ideal points down. | Orison
Swell Marden in ‘‘Success Maga
zine.”)
Used Goats For Plowing
A resolute boy. living in Ar
kansas. contrived to get his fa
ther to plow his contest acre ac
ceding to the Government me
thod of deep plowing. This is
permitted by the contest rules <>n
condition that the time of the
man and the horses thus employ
ed is charged against the crop.
Milt when the time for cultivat
ing came, the hoy found that all
the horses on the place were not
only Ininy, hot worked to their
full eaparity. It was hard for
the father to spare a team for
so much as a day, although lie
was in sympathy with the hoy’s
ambition. The boy, however, de
rided that his acre must he ml
tivated when it needed cultiva
tion and not when it was conven
ient. When in this mood his eye
fell on the two goats which in
habit! d the stable. They were
speedily ‘‘borken to cultivator”
and with them I :■ did the entire
work of “tending” his acre,
which produced fifty bushels ac
cording to the witnessed measure
ment. -[From “Smc'-s Maga
zine.”]
Death In Roaring Fire
may not result from the work of
fire-bugs, but often severe burns
are caused that make a quick
lived for Bueklen’s Arnica Salve,
the quickest, surest cure for
burns, wounds, bruises, boils,
sores. It subdues inflammation,
it kills pain. It soothes and
heals. Drives off skin eruptions,
ulcers or piles. Only 25c at A.
G. Wanner.
Died From Overheat
Word came to town Thursday
that. Mrs. Charles Yelvick, who
resided south of town, had died
at ten o'clock the night before as
a result of having become over
heated. She had done the family
washing in the morning and was
hanging out the clothes about
one o’clock when she collapsed,
and died as a result as above
stated.—Dawson Dispatch.
Let the Tribune do your print
ing. Satisfaction guaranteed.
•
SHOREdIRDS SHOWN TO DE
VOUR MOSQUITOEJ
Locus s, Fli a And Grasshoppers
Their Diet. Plea For
Protection.
Ncnv York, July Pi. That mos
quitoes, flics oro thcr insect pests
arc preyed upon by nearly one
thousand varicitcs of American
birds, of which the vanishing
shorebirds occupy a prominent
place, is shown in a special bul
letin that is to-day being prepar
ed to he sent throughout the
country from the headquarters of
the National Association of Au
dubon Societies in this city. Bal
ed upon recent investigations of
the government Biological Sur
vey, this circular of warning will
present proof that for every
shorebird of the thousands that
are now allowed to be killed, na
ture's fight to keep down the
spread uyff’.tsc and crop pla
gue is weakened by 1 lit* loss of a
very active agent. Unless the
Killdcer, the Upland Plover, the
Sandpiper undo tlmr shoreibrds
are speedily granted adequate
protection, hygienic and agricul
tural conditions all over the con
tinent will undoubtedly suffer, it,
is declared.
Nine species ol the shorelnms
thata re found in almost every
region of this country ;*re known
to consume enormous quantities <1
mosquitoes, for whose extinction
many millions of dollars have
been spent by the people of sev
eral sections. Scientific examin
ation of the stomachs of twenty
eight of the Northern haralarope
variety of these birds is reported
by the government authorities to
have just disclosed the fact that
53 per cent of their diet had con
sisted of such noxious mas pii
toes as the salt marsh breed,
which tin* authorities of this city
are now attempting to suppress
at great expense. These birds
which do so much to check the
mosquito plague and its attend
ant spread of disease through the
continent, are shown to be among
the species whose extinction is
at this time threatened on ac
count of lax laws for their proper
protect ion.
< Iras-hoppers. locusts and
eranetlies that destroy the far
mers crops as well as. horseflies
and mosquitoes that, plague ids
livestock are the natural prey of
the disappearing shorebirds, ac
cording to the warnings now be
ing sounded by tile workers of
the Audubon associations. The
waning forces of the Kill deer and
I plain! Plover are also able to
destroy the North American fev
er tick that has an injurious ef
lei 1 upon cattle, it is shown,
whil.' some 25 species of shore
birds eat the grasshoppers that
min acres of corn, cotton and
ot her crops.
"I'Vw of our native birds need
perfection more than these shore
birds. sonic* species of which are
found on the farmers’ fields, the
coast and almost every locality
on this continent,” said T. (iil
bert Pearson, secretary of the
National Association of Audubon
Societies. 1074 Mroadwav. todnv.
in our constant campaign to
protect the insect-eating birds
11 nit. check diseases and crop pla
gue all over the United States,
we are at this time urging fill
Americans to help save these
economically valuable shorebirds
1‘rom the swift destruction that
lias already driven the Kskimo
Curlew to extinction/’
Nebraska Train To Boston
The Nebraska Publicity League
having in band the sending of a
train load of Nebraska boosters
to tile convention of the Asso
ciated Advertising Clubs of
America at Boston. August 1-4,
is making whirlwind progress.
In sending in the membership
of the Norfolk Commercial Club,
Mr. A. W. Hawkins, secretary,
writes as follows: “At a moot
ing of our directors the work of
the Nebraska I n' licity League
was heartily ciidors d and a mo
tion prevailed that this club bear
the expenses of a member on the
soecial train to Boston.”
The Laurel Commercial Club
sen is in cheek for +24 to pay the
membt r-hip of its members to
the Nc! arska l ubli-it;. League,
and names S. 4’. W ilson on the
execut've hoard, who will also go
to Bost on.
M. N. Barnes, secretary of
Beatrice Commor. ial Club, writes:
/‘The contemplated trip from
Lincoln to Boston by special train
will have a wide-spread effect
and will t nd to put Nebraska
on the map. This b one of the
grateost things the Nebraska
Publicity League ran do."
Kearney Commercial Club says:
“The chances are that our club
will be represented on the eoB
templated trip east.”
Nelson Commercial Club says:
“Our club is very favorable im
pressed with your | reposed plan
of advertising Nebraska We
want more information regarding
the proposed Boston trip.”
Lincoln Ad Club lias select’d
twenty delegates. Omaha will
send a large delegation. Nor
folk will be represented with
sonic live wires. Also Grand Is
land.
Here’s the proposed route:
Direct to Chicago, leaving prob
ably from Lincoln on the after
noon of July 2b. Detroit next,
thence to Buffalo by boat, stop
ping at Cleveland euroute. From
Buffalo to Niagara Falls and
Rochester. Take the boat again
at Charlotte for the trip* down
the St. Lawrence through the
Thousand Islands and the rap
ids to Montreal. Take the train
from Montreal past Lake Cham
plain, through Vermont and New
I lamshire to Boston.
The convention of the Associ
ated Advertising Clubs of Ameri
ca will he held at Boston from
August 1 to 4. The entertain
ment there by the Pilgrim’s Pub
licity Association will be of a
most extraordinary character.
Obi New England proposes to put
on a few stunts that will make
us all sit up and take notice.
The Nebraska party will dis
perse at noston so that individ
ual members may return by what
ever route they prefer. A rate
of $45 will be in effect from Lin
coln to Boston and return, go
ing as above outlined and return
ing via New York City or al
most any other route. This rate
embarces railroad fare only.
The trip there and return can
be made in about two weeks.
Tickets are good for sixty days
and provide for stopovers at
points on the return.
The Nebraska party will be en
tertained at Detroit, Cleveland,
Buffalo, Rochester and other ci
ties by the booster organizations
there.
A meeting of the executive
committee is called for July 10
at 2 p. m., Tenshaw Hotel, Oma
ha.
In addition to being a big ad
vertising stunt for Nebraska this
trip will provide a delightful va
cation tour for its members. Any
one interested in boosting Ne
braska is invited to take advan
tage of the, opportunities provid
ed by this trip. Full information
may be had by addressing S. R.
MeKelvie, President, Lincoln,
Neb.
The Stay-At-Home
Breathe* there a man with soul
so dead who never to himself
hath said: "I'll go see the game
to-day?” If such there In*, go
mark him well, and call him
down, make him yell, hit him
with a hale of hay. The man
who doesn’t take the dames and
littl“ kids to see the games, is
fit for stratagems and spoils.
He skips the best there is in life,
the solace of this world of strife,
the thing that comforts man who
toils, lie lives no better than a
cow, he robs his children and
frau of galdness which is right
ly theirs: he sets a bad example
too and makes his fellow men
feel blue by husbanding his busi
ness can's. (>. let your blooming
business slide! (iet on the ears
and take a ride, out where the
boys are playing ball! Forget a
while your measly stocks, and
join the rooters, throwing rocks,
and shrieking of tho umpires
gall' I like those large fat,
bouynnt men who seem to grow
young again, when looking at
some rattling game. When life
is shorn of all it’s fun, what
profits boodle by the ton. wliat
good is there in pomp or fame?
Walt Mason.
Old Soldier Tortured.
"For years 1 suffered unspeak
able torturi from indigestion,
'constipation and liver trouble,”
wrote A. K. Smith, a war veter
an at Erie, Pa., "hut Dr. King’s
New Life Pills fixed me all right.
They’re simply great.” Try them
for any stomach, liver or kidney
trouble. Only 2*>c at A. O. Wan
ner.
A New York paper say* that
the best way to make it rain is
to get far away from shelter in
a new straw hat without an um
brella. But there's a better way
than that. Persuade the boss to
give you an afternoon off and
plan to go to a ball game.
THE CAUSE OF
HIGH LIVING
C:\TTLVMCN ARE NOT BENE
FITED BY HIGH PRICED
M3AT.
The Government returns show
that, although there has been a
‘marked increase in the price of
: farm stuff generally, this has not
‘been true of cattle, especially the
unfed cattle of the ranges, says
Inis II. Weed in an article in
" Success Magazine.” The con
sumers cannot lay the high price
of moat to the cowman. It’s the
dealers and the railroad between
! us and the cowman who bring up
the price. Some years, even wlie
beef had been very high in the
retail market, the cattleman, af
ter he has subtended the carry
ing cost from the sale price of
his animals, has been receiving
a price below par. Although this
rate robbery was enormously un
just., and although the capital re
presented in the live stock in
dustry is equal to seventy-three
percent of the par value of the
stocks and bonds issued by our
railways, the transportation cor
porations were so gigantic, and
the individual cattleman so small
by comparison, even though he
might be a ‘‘cattle king,’’ that
he couldn’t help himself. Every
year he had to hold out his hand
to the bee.
1 he Association, however, li
nally got in its sting. After a
five-years’ fight they helped get
the Interstate Commerce Aet so
amended in 1908 that the inter
state Commerce Commission has
the power to prescribe rates. This
resulted in a reduction of from
$5 to $7 per car on cattle rates,
and has saved the cattlemen mil
lions of dollars. Even then the
Santa Fe Railroad, and probably
other roads operating in the same
territory, were able to make, as
shown in the Texas Cattle Rai
sers ease, a modest 59.11 per cent
profit.
Rates, however, are not the
cowman’s only trials of transpor
tation. Perhaps he speaks for
ears three months ahead, and
drives his 2,000 or 3,000 cattle to
the freight yards at the time
agreed upon only to fiud an emp
ty track. At once begins the
expense of buying fodder for the
herd, and the sitting around
watching them eat up the profits.
When the cars finally arrive, it
the number is short, tin- animals
have to be crowded in with the
almost certain risk of more loss.
Then perhaps the ears crawl over
the country at the rate of twelve
miles an hour, and this inefficie'i
ry costs the cowman still nun >.
in fodder, ami in the shrinkage
and deaths of the imprisoned
creatures suffering from crowd
1 irig, from long standing, and
! from thirst.
[ To prevent this needless waste,
tin* Association is urging (lie in
jt Tstate Commerce Commission to
prescribe the speed limit when
j necessary. t«> secure reasonable
service, and the proper treatment
1 of live-stock.
Solves A Deep Mystery.
”1 want to thank you from the
| bottom of my heart,” wrote 0.
IB. Rader, of Lewisburg, W. Va.,
[‘‘for the wonderful double bene
; fit I got from Electric Bitters, in
! curing me of both a severe case
i of stomach trouble and of rheu
matism, from which 1 had been
an almost helpless sufferer for
ten years. It suited my case as
though made just for me. For
dyspepsia, indigestion, jaundice
and to rid the system of kidney
poisons that cause rheumatism,
Electric Bitters has no equal. Try
them. Every bottle is guaranteed
to satisfy. Only 50c. at A. (».
Wanner.
Start A Band !a Y33# Toirat 11
1W*'» uclmurd plfMnrr *a*i »f*6i ia a Band Vmc| H
&UN' 1 ha »i-l t» tfoia niM iht> :nr ®m a* *>y tut hrmf *-•«<!
in a bu» Bud *.;hl u ai.Lt Jor « t '<«v 7hr fa*a Baad"
Trll, • j o:of Itllua-a «ur*td a load ard #».!•• iff at* \ j
, pi p*:lar Ir!ha» m lawc, aid ai*W rxort f ree to Vou 1
I j • pentJi * aiW. p a ttu till, piousi’f ipii.a ppmna fl
A—;-E~Tm——futth—w
We Now Have
Two Shoe
Repairers.
H. M. Jenne Shoe Store
FiRE! FIRE!
Your House Is On Fire.
Have you a poilcy of insurance
u a good old line company?
If not, you should have.
I write Fire, Lightning and
Tornado in the best of old line
companies and at a rate that
_,ou cannot afford to be without
it.
See me at once about your in-*
surarce.
G. II. FALLSTEAD, *
Insurance agent.
Office over Bachstein Hardware
store.
“Good Boy”
and it's a good example you’re
setting to others older than
yourself.
It’s a Kindly Act to Scrub
Your Teeth
and we highly commend you,
learn a lesson trom this boy’s
“care” and
Look After Your Teeth
as each one is as precious as a
diamond. For dentistry see us
and be sure. Delays are dan
gerous.
L)r. Yutzy, Dr. C. Li. Heffner, Falls City, Nebraska
Go Somewhere
This Summer
TO THE EAST.
Take advantage of the low ex ursion rates available this sum
mer to eastern cities. There are 30-day tourist rates to New
York, Atlantic City, Boston, Montreal, Portland, Buffalo and
other places slightly higher 60-day tourist rates to many of these
titi s: there are diverse tours via Old Point Comfort, thence
ocean voyage to New York and Boston; this tour recently intro
duced by the railroads, has become one of the most popular
tours of American travel.
TO THE WEST. »
Daily « xeursion faers to COLORADO, YELLOWSTONE PARK,
BIG HORN MOUNTAIN RESORTS, BLACK HILLS, PACIFIC
COAST, als circuit tours that will include all of these attractive
localities in one tour.
Call r write for leaflets describing any tour you expect to
make.
D. CLEM DEAVER. Immigration Agen
1004 Farnam Street, Omaha. Nebraska
