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Taking Care of he Crapo.
'rho gn'atc'Hl huultcap which can
ho placed on 1\ miller ) ) Is to have to
contenl ( with the off . grade whoat.
Wheat I hat has hoell wet In the
Hhocle , sprouted , bleached , musty
stuff , mean to handle alld Imllosslhlo
to grind , this 18 the worst of nil evils
which nuts beset the operative and
olle of the greatest ! sources of loss In
running the 1II11 ! .
There In also the ' wheat which has
hone into the ! -Ilacle 111 allllllrlml good
shape / and because of hall winds and
hla'y l'all1s become soaked with water .
tor and thou hy hl'atll1g become Htaele.
11111'11011 and moultl . ' lute the
) ( n1Ouldy , 01' gone ( ,
hlml 111 1\ doing condition and como
olll litter nR hi n . burned ! wheat , which
Is not only dccC'plivo stuff to buy ,
hut which makes unsouIIII ( flour and
loss If by ally mischance It reaches
the I'olls
No other subject If of more vital '
hllllOl'lallco to millers than the quality
of the wheat they grind. The miller ,
hy force of Imslnoss necessity , has
110 UflO for poor wheat. Unllico tile
statistician 01' the crop estllllutor , ho
thinks less or the numher of total
bushels raised 01' the given lIulllher
of bushels per acre than ho docs of
tilt quality of the gmln alld the proo
portion of It which finally reaches his
buts In n condition which will allow
It 10 ho mlllcil into the pure , uniform
, product upon which his trade Is
IJ1Hotl. !
III the settlement of a new country '
try , where the production of wheat
largely ) exceeds the local demand and
the I farmers are poor and have not
the means to build granaries to holt !
their crops , there Is Il heavy 1110VO'
mont of wheat "fl'Om the muchlno" I1S
the quickest ' and easiest method of
getting the grain raised oft their
hllntlll : To gel the money It hrlllgs
Into circulation Is the ono ambition
uf thu ftu'nter. The greater the num-
hOl' of acres of wheat ho call raise ,
the cheaper : the cost of 11I'oduetlon ,
and the celerity with which It Is
'uHhod to llIl\1'ltot counts for more I
than quality of IJl'oduct. Under such
coutlltlol\s there Is little stacking of
wheili. Ilml all time rains and winds
have ) full ollllOl'lunltll's to damage
The most IJI'omlslng outlook of a nno
quality of wheat will ho ruined ( 111 a
wee1e of had weather while the farmer
Is "wHIting for the machine , " and as
hb nolghhors al'o in the snmo expectant -
IJeelaut IIttitudo , a period of had
weather succeeding harvest will ruin
good grain and cause the loss of thon-
slUlIls ( of tlollllrs In the lowering of. .
tdi'ttli : s.
. .
'rho host and most successful farmers . 1
ers have learnrd from years of experience .
IICI'lenco that It pays to stacIe their
grain , especially their whoat. That
mysterious process of going "through
the sweat , " I by which wheat is improved .
proved In color 1\1111 strength after being .
IlIg cut , had best bo Imsscd In the
stack , for investigators and experts
have found that the longer the period
lIming which the berry remains In
the chuff and straw the greater Is the
improvement of its quallt
The market depression which follows
lows the custom of rushing tile wheat
'to ml\rlwl Immediately - after harvest
Is too well known to need any com-
ment The sUlllllles are temporarily :
huger than the power of absorption
and prices are lowered In consequence -
quence , to the greatest ! detriment to
the farmer himself. 'rho miller later
ou suffers from this cause by havIng
the cheap wheat exported to ho
brought Into competition later In the
crop year ,
'rho Interests of the miller In taking
care of time wheat and having the
farmer hold It as long as possible
for gradual marketing Is ovldent.
There Is nothing which can be done
' ' control the weather
to regulate 01' ,
but all arguments favor the best pro-
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section t which can hc given the crop
from the 01,111ents As the ham vest
season : ! approaches farmers should ) he
1I1'goll to stack their ) whollt a 11'1 give
It the best chance possible to 110
high In grade ( and dry could sweet
wht.'l1 threshed If threshed In a dry
condition : there Is little danger of n
loss of grade aftel'wal'lls , A di ( for.
once of l0 ( ) to I5 1 ; cents a bushel In
price because of quality alone is I often
the 1''sull of 8tnoltln wheat In a wet
Hcnson 'I'ho [ ] fn1'1n01' Is the winner and
the miller Is glad to pay full prices
for the host grail and ho don't want
Urn poor stuff nt any IH'Ico
Tie question or the best care of
the ' reps ! : Is or Increasing Importance
as milling demand rcCulres ( more or
the wheat raliell. : Advanced farming
methods grow up side hy side with
increased ! mllllllg fllCllltloJ ! and hath
are henentol ! . There are no two
classes which are In such close dependence -
1I01111cnce Ullon each oilier as the
miller and ho I flu'mel' - The success
of the one usually lIIeans the success
of the other In no other particular
do the two interests hal'monlze as In
the 1IIlIII'ovollwni. of the wheat crOll
No other element will improve the
quality mOl'e than the care of the crop
after cutting , It 1 > Is In the interest of
every miller tn urge "slaeldng the
wheat , " and bout : ! will ue the gainer
hy better tualitles-l\lIl1ll1g and I .
Grain News ,
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System In Feedln ! ] ,
Animals cannot get the hest results
from their feed unless It Is i given
them regularly and In quite uniform
portions ) Jvery farmerr should have
a reGular system for the feeding of
his farm anImals , whether the animals .
1I1als bo the ones used for the protluc-
tlon of meat and milk 01' for the production -
tluc'tlon of force to ho expended In
labor Irregular meals arc as had for
animals as for human beings The di-
estlvo , systems adapt themselves to
certain habits and seem to he IS
much opposed to IrregularIty as If
they were sentient helngs On many
farms there Is no system of feeding
and the results obtained are poor
One man wm work his horses for
hours beyond their regular meal
limos During the last hour or so the
animal Is losing vigor rapidly , He Is
given food when his strength Is partly
exhausted The stomach had not the
vigor of , digestion that It ml ) at the
regular eating ! time , antI the result Is
more 01' less disarrangement , some ,
times resulting In the Imperfect digestion ,
lion of the food taleen This Is a mat-
tet' that every human being has experienced .
110rlcnccd himself The results are
far more disastrous than we have
been led to SUllpose 'rho fact Is easier ,
IeI' to cstabllll : : than time reason for It.
The cow , lie pig , nnd the sheep , when
depending on man to do the feeding
fare best and thrive best when their
food comes In accordance with n regular
ular system . It is not GO much a
question of how many meals an animal .
mal has n day ls of their regularity.
Oleo In IOW&1.
The Iowa Supreme Court has hand-
ell down another decision going to
strengthen the position of the state
law on the question of oleomargarine
colored to resemble butter. The state
law prohlhlts the selling In the state
of all oleomargarine colored yellow to
resemble butter. A Chicago company
appealed a case from the lower court
on the contention that the law of
Iowa as It relates to the colored mat-
ter In oleomargarine Is unconstitutional .
1I0nal , as the color in the oleomargar-
Ino came In naturally by the use of
ingredients natural to the things from
which oleomargarine Is made. The
court holds that It makes no differ-
enco how the color got In ; if the col-
oring matter Is there in sufficient
quantities to make the oleomargarine
resemble butter it Is an Illegal prod- , .
uct. The court goes further and declares -
clares that the state could , If It
wished , prevent absolutely time sale of
oleomargarIne The decision also re-
cites that the original intention In the
manufacture of oleomargarine was to
make It so resemble butter that the
consumer could not tell It tram the
thing It Imitated and thus permit the
dealers to sell It for butte
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IiiD = - - .rrse
The Incubator on the Farm.
The incubator and brooder are the
modern allies of trio poultry raiser
Originally the fowl laid hut few more
eggs than she could hatch. It Is different .
fet'ent now. Wo have developed our
hen to lay 160 eggs a year , and she
can at most hatch not more than
'thirty of them. 'ro keep the hatching
ability up to time lllying ability wo
have had to invent the Incubator and
broo er. These machines are especially .
clally adapted to the use of people
that are making a business of poultry
raising , but they are also adapted In a
lesser degree to the use of our farmers '
ers that keep flocks of a hundrpd or
more fowls. On some of our large
farms from 200 to 600 fowls arc raised
annually. Yet In a good many instances .
stances the only means of hatching Is
from hens The operation drags along
through the summer , with the result
that In the fall the farmer has a good
many kinds and sizes of fowls for
sale , some of them marketable and
some not. On a farm such as wo have
mentioned It will certainly pay to buy
and use an Incubator and brooder or
brooders.
In the first place there Is uniformity
In the flock , both as to ago and size.
The birds can he raised by the hundreds .
dreds In March and April , at which
time eggs are readily obtainable , and
when fall comes the birds that are to
be . disposed of will be all of a size
and well grown They will then bring
a better price than otherwise , If the
seller knows his Juslness ! This will
be true whether the birds are sent to
some commission house 01' are disposed ,
posed of to the private tra e.
Another advantage in using ! an incubator -
cubator Is the increased certainty of
having chicks at all There are some
years , Fes all of our poultry raisers
Imo\ , when the hens show little inclination .
cllnatlon to be broody and more than
once the poultry ralsel' has found himself .
self at the beginning of summer wIth
only half the number of chicks he expected . I
pocted to havo. Time number to be
hatched Is controllable by the machines .
chInes , hut not othorwlse. A man can
start the machines In February or
March and hatch till he has secured
the number he wants for raising
Then he can stop If the first hatches
prove a disappointment he can continue .
tlnue to use his machine a little long-
or. Not so the heir She will often
disappoint one and then make no second -
end attempt to make good her promises .
Ises to bring forth a brood.
Then , too , the brooder removes the
necessity of malting nests for the sitting . I
ting hens. This Is a large ) task where
hundreds of birds are to bo 1'IIIse
Frequently the nests or the sitters interfere .
terfero with the placing of nests for
laying purposes The care of the hens
is certainly a3 great as Is the care of
the incubator , and after one becomes
expert with the incubator the care
Is less. The care of an incubator
lessens in proportion as we get acquainted .
qualnto with It , which can scarcely
bo said of the hen. We have referred
only to the use of the Incubator In the
spring , as the fall use relates to the
production 'of broilers , which is a
business almost of Itself. The incubator -
bator also makes It possible to get
the birds out of the shell in time to
develop Into winter layers before the
snow flies.
Packing and Shipping Eggs In Den
mark.
The work of gradIng and testing Is
done mostly by women , who become
very expert. The eggs are graded according .
cording to weight. There are six recognized .
ognlzod classes , ranging from Gy' = to
9 kilograms per 120 eggs ( L43 to 2
pounds per dozen eggs ) . The expert
graders work behind a long table ,
upon which they have six wooden egg
racks , or frames , each frame with ten
.
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: lozen holes in [ whIch the eggs are' .
Illacecl The graders can tell at a
glance to which grade un egg belongs , .
and they distribute them very deftly.
When a frame Is filled with ten dozen
eggs ( which arc taken dIrectly from
the boxes received from the circles ) ) ,
the frames arc taken hy a man and
weighed. If the 120 eggs weigh too 6'
much or too little for the grade for
which they are Intended , eggs are
taken out and substituted with larger
or smaller ones , as the case may boo
. The frame of 120 eggs Is taken Into a
small , tightly closed room and set on
top of a hopper.shaped box , which Is
about two feet deep , the sides of
which are lined with 100Idng.glass.
The bottom of this Iiopper , shaped box
Is about eight by thirty Inches. Four
slxteen.candlepowcr electrIc lights
stand up from the bottom , equlll distances .
tancos apart. The eggs , as above indicated . .
dleated , are placed over these lights
and looklng.glasses , thick ends up
The tester looks carefully at and
through each egg , and It any bo Unsound
sound they are rejected.
The eggs are then carefully and
snugly packed , side by side , with
nothing between them , In four layers ,
In pine boxes 22 by 72 Inches , nine
; Inches deep Between each two layers ) -
ers of eggs Is a substantial layer of
straight , clean rye straw ; on the top
layer of eggs another layer of straw.
The thin boards are securely nailed
on , the boxes are properly marked
with the company's trade-mark , the
number at eggs and the grade Indt- 1
Gated , and they are sent to the shIp.
All eggs are sold by the pound. The
co-operatlvo company pays all cx
lenses from the time the eggs leave )
the circles until they are placed on
board ship. The average expense Is
about one cent per dozon. The cost
of collecting the eggs from the farm-
ers and bringing them to the cIrcle
centers Is borne by the circles ) thorn-
. This work Is done by a collector .
lector selected by the circle board.
The collector Is usually paId so much * ,
per pound of eggs collocted. The expense -
penso' of this collection Is very low ,
perhaps on an average not more than c'
onohtltcent : per ozen. The total
cost to the farmer from the time the
eggs leave the nests until they are on
board steamer Is therefore one and
one-half cent per dozen- - United
States Consular Report.
To Get Winter Eggs.
I have been In the poultry business
for a long time , and my experIence
has convinced me that the first thing
to do to secure winter eggs Is to have y
n warm place for the hons. The temperature .
pomture should not bo lower than
about 40 degrees above l.ero I feed
all kind : ! of grain I can get , but not
too much corn , us In that case the
birds will get too tat The houses ! ! and
yards should be kept very clean , and
the fowls should not be allowed to
eat foul stuff They should have 8
good deal of exercise , and this may bo
- ,
induced by throwing grain Into litter
The nests should be kept clean and
the nest litter changed CIulte orten ' "
Green cut bone is the best thing to
stimulate ) egg production that I have
ever used
J. K. Austin ,
IroquoIs County , Illinois.
Pigs In Prison.
In the older parts at the country
It has been the practice to keep the
pigs shut up tram birth to maturity.
A little pen In the barn was thought
to bo sufficient and sometimes there
was even no yard for the pigs to run ' 4. _ 4
out In. The said pen was sometimes 1
only six or eight feet square. Here
the pigs were kept close prIsoners.
No wonder that troubles ) like thumps
were common with pigs so troated.
' 1'0 some extent thIs practice still
remaIns. There Is no question that
swine should ho given room for exer-
cise , even If no pecuniary advantage
can bo figured from It None of our
farms are so small that there Is not
, , an abundance of room for the yard
that should be connected with every
pig pen. The larger the yard the
better , and If It Is large enough to
be divIded Into sections In which
green stuff may be grown alternately ,
It will be the more profitahle.