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WSVSPENBBR
C0N0UEST0F THE JUR
Flying Machines Were In Use
Long Before the Gas Bag
HISTORY OF THE BALLOON
Its Invention Followed tho Discovery ol
Hydrogen by Cavendish In 1767 The
First Ascersion and the First Vicim
to the Science
In view of the recent experiments
from which he was rescued On Mnrch
23 USo Count Zainbcccnrl an Italian
who was killed In 181 made his llrst
ascent In England accompanied by
Admiral Sir Edward Vernon when
they traveled from London to Hor
sham about thirty five miles lie had
been one of the first to send up a hy
drogen balloon toward the end of 17S5
In Jul 17S Major Money ascended
after falling Into the sea an experi
ence which was also undergone by
James Sadler and by Lunardi
Ascents w ere also made this year by
Windham and Colonel KItzpa trick On
June lo 17SH the cause of aerial nav
igation by balloon claimed Its first vic
tims when Pilutre do Rozier and M
with the dirigible balloon ami the con- Iae wcre kld uhile W to
sequent Interest taken at the present
time In the progress of aeronautic
it is surprising to find how completely
the early history of this science lias
been allowed to drift into obscurity
There appears even to be a widely
spread belief that balloons are the
primitive means of aerial navigation
while flying machines of various types
are a later development But whereas
the earliest use of balloons at all
events -in Europe can be fixed with
tolerable certainty the origin of me
chanical devices for achieving the con
quest of the air is lost in the mists of
antiquity
That the legend of Daedalus and his
ill fated son had some foundation in
fact seems to be shown by the stores
of Archytas of Tarentum and his kites
four centuries before our era of Ar
chimcdc the defender of Syracuse of
Simon the Magician who broke his
neck hi the
Forum and the Sa 1
at Constantinople So we come down
to Dante the mathematician of Pe
rouse who iwe on wimrs abov Lake
Trasimene to Oliver of Mahresbury
tho monk to Bernoulli Bonnier and 1
Lana an 1 finally to the M run is de I
Bacqueville in the middle of the eight
eenth century
About this time events occurred
which practically turned the attention
of inventors for a hundred years from
flying machines In 17G7 following
immediately on the discovery of hy
drogen by Cavendish Dr Black of
Edinburgh pointed out that a vessel
filled with this gas would rise in the
air and on June 20 17S2 Professor
Tiberius Cavallo read before the Brit
ish Royal society a paper which pro
posed the use of hydrogen for aero
stats
Almost simultaneously the brothers
Etienne and Joseph Montgolfier who
were paper manufacturers as a result
of reading Priestlys Experiments Re
lating to Different Kinds of Air in
vented the hot air or fire balloon and
on June 5 17S3 the first Montgolfier
ascended at Aimonay Auvergne
France To commemorate their inven
tion a yearly festival was established
of which the chief feature is the dis
patch of a huge Montgolfier
On Aug 27 of the same year Profess
or Charles of Paris seems to have sent
up the first balloon filled with hydro
gen or inflammable air which after
traveling fifteen miles was torn to
pieces by the superstitious peasantry
In September at Versailles in the pres
ence of Louis XVI Joseph Montgol
fier sent up a fire balloon carrying a
sheep a cock and a duck but the first
human being to ascend appears to have
been the famous Pilatre de Rozier
who on Oct 13 went up from a garden
in the Faubourg St Antoine Louis
had decivd to make the first experi
ments Avith criminals but De Rozier
petitioned the king that he might go
asking why so great an honor should
be deputed to a criminal
On Nov 21 the first voyage was
made in a fire balloon by De Rozier
and tho Marquis dAriandes and last
ed twenty minutes In the same month
quite independently James Wilcox a
carpenter went up over the Schuylkill
river his balloon being made by the
scientists Rittenhouse and Hopkins of
Philadelphia In December the broth
ers Robert traveled from Paris to
Xesle a distance of twenty seven
miles and an ascent was also made in
a hydrogen balloon by Robert and Dr
Charles who suggested the valve and
sand ballast
In the next year 17S4 ballooning
had become more popular and more
than fifty voyages were made
Ballooning now began to excite much
attention and soon became a fashion
able craze The first ascent in Great
Britain was made by James Tytler
from Comely gardens Edinburgh his
fire balloon descending about half a
mile from the start On Sept lo the
first ascent In England was made by a
Venetian Vincenzo Lunardi secreta
ry to the Neapolitan embassy in Lon
don He started in the presence of
the Prince of Wales from the royal
artillery grounds Moorfields and de
scended in the parish of Standon near
Ware
De Moret to whose venture Dr
Johnson subscribed had tried to antic
ipate Lunardi but his balloon fell on
the fire and was destroyed by the mob
On Oct 12 James Sadler accomplished
a successful voyage from Oxford to
Ilartwell near Aylesbury In later
years his sou crossed from Dublin to
Ilolyhead In the same month Oct 10
17S4 Professors Sheldon and Blanch
ard made an ascent from Chelsea
the latter having had as early a- 17 2
a flying boat in which he had re
mained some minutes suspende l in tl
air eighty feet above the ground
On Jan 7 17S5 the English change
was first crossed by occupants of it
balloon when Blanchard and Dr Jef
fries an American traveled from Do
ver castle cliffs to the forest of Guines
near Calais Blanchard received a
pension of 1200 livres per annum and
it is said that Marie Antoinette pre
sented him with her card winnings on
the night he was introduced In the
same month Crosble ascended in Ire
land He afterward tried to cross St
Georges channel but fell In the sea
rival the feat of Blanchard and Jef
fries by crossing the English channel
Baltimore Sun
SNAKES AND THEIR PREY
An Observer Says the Reptiles Do Not
Hypnotize Their Victims
Do snakes hypnotize the birds and
animals which they wish to capture
and swallow A correspondent de
nies this He had shut up a large
number of rattlesnakes and moccasins
In a barn and then introduced birds
and small mammals into the place for
the snakes to seize as they chose
Within two feet of a coiled rattler
a blackbird would alight on the rlin
of the drinking trough and adjust the
defects of his toilet splashing water
In the very face of the reptile that
watched ilm with piercing eyes
Then after repeated sips lie would con
descend to notice the crawler that
had uncoiled by that time and would
finally hoi aside just far enough to
avoid a dispute about bathing privi
leges but still within easy reach of
a strike Nor had the restlessness oi
rats an thing to do with the diead of
immediate danger They were trying
to gnaw out but in the intervals of
such efforts were apt to run straight j
into the pile of straw that formed the
favorite rendezvous of the serpents
Indeed the i mikes were in no bur- I
ry lo abuse that confidence When
they did get ready they scorned
notic artifices A gradual elevation
of the head a noisekoS approach with
a short halt in reach of the bird that
was picking crumbs in bis teedmg
corner then a slow contraction of
coils a snaplike dart and a leisurely re
treat as from a task accomplished
The bird had taken wing thoroughly
alarmed now and fiuttered about the
wire screen in the desperate hope of
finding a loophole of escape
In less than thirty seconds the
poison began to take effect The bird
clutched at the screen with its head
hairring farther and farther back then
re ed its grip dangled by one foot
fo while and came flopping down on
the iloor It was not dead yet but
daze 1 lookiug this way and that and
fluttering about in a strange aimless
fashion and more than once right to
ward the destroyer who at last began
to manifest an interest in Its antics
The bird was still on the floor stag
gering to and fro when a sideward
collapse marked the beginning of the
end Its foe watched it with lifted
head The chance had come no risk
of a rough and tumble fight now The
victim had ceased to flutter and the
old rattler quickly dragged it off to
the straw pile A full hundred experi
ments repeated this same sequence of
maneuvers in all essentials Chicago
News
Lindley Murray
Lindley Murray the celebrated gram
marian was born in Swatara Pa in
the year 17 15 In 17JJ after passing
four years in legai studies he was ad
mitted to the bar and soon afterward
married When the Revolution began
he retired to a cottage on Long Island
Xew York and spent four years in fish
ing boating and fowling Going to
New York in 1771 he entered into com
mercial speculations under the direc
tion of his father with such success
that at the close of the Revolution he
was able to retire with a fortune to a
beautiful place on the Hudson Being
attacked however with a muscular af
fection lie was induced to search an
other climate and sailed for England
where he settled near the city of York
and died there in 1S2U His English
Grammar was written for the use of
a young ladies school near York in
170 and its success was immediate
and extraordinary Edition after edi
tion was published in a few years It
was introduced into all the English
and American schools and made his
name a household word in every coun
try where the English language was
spoken His later years were devoted
to the study of botany and his garden
at Iloldgate in the variety and rarity
of its plants surpassed the royal gar
dens at Kew Argonaut
A Great Diplomat
Metternich was a diplomatist of the
old school polished suave impenetra
ble Nothing ever persuaded him to be
tray an emotion When in 1S13 he left
Napoleon after his last audience the
generals gathered round him to see
what impression the interview had
made upon his face I dont think I
satisfied their curiosity said he with
a characteristic pride in his grave and
cunning demeanor At the same time
he looked with a jealous eye upon his
craft He hated what he called the
policy of egoism the policy of good
pleasure In his view the rival states
were all members of human society of
which reciprocal forbearance was the
first duty Do not unto others said
he that which you would not have
others do to you An inflexible bu
reaucrat he preserved his principles
inviolate and thus he was able to look
back upon a singularly uniform career
He adopted for his device la force
dans le droit and he was certain that
the right was always on his side
Charles Whfbley in Blackwoods
m SI
FRIEND TO FRIEND
The personal recommendations of peo
ple who have been cured of cougli3 and
colds by Chamberlains Cough Remedy
have done more than all else to make it a
staple article of trade and commerce ove
a large part of the civilized world
KEEP YOUR MONEY
CIRCULATING
When yon keep your money in your
IocKet or liiitc it around your homo
you are diiiiic jtiat thut much to retard
tho industrial growth of our commun
ity this is a detriment to you us well
as others
When joii keep your money in tho
hunk it is mi fir et where it can bu
loaned to thoso who will u it for in
creasing and upliiiildiuKof tho busi
ness of the community this means an
increased property value in both town
an country Ifjoii want to bo one ir
tlm u who help build up and improu
our town and stirroimdinjc country
come in and start an account with us
Tho amount of jour deposit is not so
material a- the fact of making a start
in thu rih direction
Safety Deposit Boxes 1 Per Year
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
McCook Nebraska
It is beyound dispute
that you will find tho
BEST GRADES of
Lumber Lime Lath
Shingles
and EVERYTHING
in tho building line
AI o a full stock of
BEST GRADES of
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Hard and Soft Coals
at
W C BULLARDS
MO AIcCLURE
Phono No 1 Manager
gTar jjivijiivjjus
THE WONDERFUL
BIG HORN BASIN
TO RENTERS
I have a selected list of irrgigated
farms in the Basin for rent why
not rent for a year or two and
learn the profits from irrigated
farming in the Basin and become
acquainted with the climate and
desirability of settling in that
region We also help you home
stead irrigated lands or to buy
them at prices that will make you
money Millions of dollors are
now being spent irrigating Basin
lands Homeseekers excursions
first and third Tuesdays of 1903
Write D Clem Deaver General
Agent Landseekers Information
Bureau Omaha
WINTER EXCURSIONS
Homeseekers excursions first and
third Tuesdays to Colorado Wy
oming Big Horn Basin North
west Southwest and South Win
ter tourist rates daily to Florida
the Gulf Country tho South and
Southern California Ask Agent
or undersigned for rates and de
tails
R E F0E
icket Agent McCook Neb
L W WAKELEY G P A Omaha Neb
mrymsti
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