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, - PRESIJIENTIAL TALK.
ANNUAL MESSAGE O PRESIDENT -
; - DENT CLEVELAND.
orcIgn Afl'a1r8 L1Iit3y Touched Upon-
' EeIatfon of United Statwi With Other
. rat1on8-A 111tory of the Treasury
Difficulty and Eforts Put lrorti ! to
Remedy It-Other Subjecti Under D1-
cuesloti.
The Progldent'g Message.
WASnINGTON , Dec. 3.-The following
k the Preskient's message :
To m CoNuu1ss : OF mu UtTED STArs-
.4 fho preont assemblage of the legislative
bnnch ef cur govornmot occu at a time
. Flien the interests of our people and th needs
If the country give special promiuen.o to the
ioadition of our foreign rolation3 and the axE-
, encie8 of otir national finances. The roporta
- , St the several administrative dopartznonts of
the government fully and plainly exhibit 'what
bas been accomplished within the scope of their
espectivo duties and irent such recommend-
* tlons for the bottorxnentof. ourcountry's con-
. 4ttion n natriotic nod thteligont labor and
lbferva tions tuggest.
lI therefore them my executive duty ado.
. inately performo t at this time by presenting
to the ( ' , ocgross the important phases of our
utnation as roathd to our intercourse with
loroign notions , aud a statement of the fin'n-
- tEal problems which confront us , omitting ,
lxccpt as they are related to these topics , any
reference to dopartnwntal operations.
I earnestly invite , how3vor , not only the
arefnl consideration , but the so'vorely critical
crutiny of the Congress and my f1Jow coun.
tryinen to the reports concerning these depart-
* ontnl operations. If jutIy and fairly enam-
mod they furnish proof of assiduous and
painstaking care for the public welfaro. I
press the recommendations they contain upon
. . the respectful attention of there charged with
the dny f ] egislation , because I believe their
- ¶ .doption would promote the peoples good.
' , It1ssIonary fliots In China.
. The dosu of the momentous atruggh btwcen
China and Japan. whulo ie1iaing the diplo-
- ir.tLc agonis of this govcrnmot frcm the deli
sate duty they undo took ct request of both
: , ountrios of rendering su : h ervic t o stibjo ts
, r either b'Iligercnt within the territory Iilnit3
: ef the other as our neutrai position fermittel ,
ecclopcd a domestic condition in the CJiir.osa
; znpiro which has caused much anxiety and
: , sailed for prompt ; nd careful attention.
' Eitlioras a result of a weak control b , the con-
. Lral goornrnent over the provincial adrninis
trations. following a dlipinution of talitionnl
; . rovermnatal authoritS'-under the stress of an
c ; overw1iming iiatiouI disastorora manifestzi-
t.ioa upon g od opporttitiity of the av'rsion of
: t : the CIiir.eco popnlation to all foreign way. and
, undertakings , thera have occurred in widely
. ' teparatod provuces of Cliinzt serious outbreaks
. j of the ala far atic t I spir it cgaint foreigners ,
- . . which , unchekod by the 1oal anthoitics , if
not actunfly coanived at by t hem , have culmin-
. ted in mob attacks on foreiii missionary
. - stations , causing muth destruction of procr-
: ty , and attended with penal injurics a5 'w&l i
. , * 5 Iosof life. Although hut rno Aiuzican
citi.en was reportei to have been actually
. wounded. and although the dcstruction of
property any have fallen nioro heavily upon
r the missionaries of other nationali I s than ourS
it plaiul bchoovzd this govezurnent o
. . S tatzo the most promp aud de.idcii action to
. : : . . iard against similar or rorhaps mom dread-
h'S. ful calamities.
; _ ThTo demands of the United States and other
; _ S. powers for the degradation and punishment of
the responib1o oIical of the rcpective cities
and prc.vino who by neglect or otherwise had
- : permitted np-risings and for the adoption of
stern moaureS by the Emperor's govcrnrnant
for the protection of thu life and property of i
' foreigners. were foflowed by the disgrace and
di issal of certain pr3viucial officials found
S S ore1ict in duty , and the punishment by deathS
of a number of those found uilty of actual
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; participation in the outragcs. This govern-
- : meat also insisted that a special Amercart
S . ' : rommission should visit tim province where
. the first disturbances occurred for the ptrpo.p
. . of investigation. This latter commission ,
.S S formed after much oppozitiOn , has gone over-
' ' ( and Item Tion Tein accompanied by a suitable
* Chinese escort , and by its demonstration of Uio
cadines and ability of our government to pr -
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tect its citizens , will act , it is bcliovcd , as a most
nllucntial cterrent of aiiy similar outbcaks.
- S The Wallc' Case.
r The customary cordial relations betwaca this
- country and France have been undisturbed ,
k with the enception that a full cp1aimtioa of
Ihe treatment of John L. Wailer by the expe.
- itionaiy military authorities of Frnn& still
. . remains to ho given. Mr. Wailer , formerly
: United States consul to Tamatave , remamed in
' _ t Iladngac ar aftcr his turn ci office expired
' tad was apparently successful in procurIng
. business ccncessicns from the llova , of greater
or less value. Mter the occupation of Tama-
: tave and the declaration of martial law by the
. Frcnchlio was arrested upon various charges ,
iS S among them , that of communicating military
: , lnfqrnation to the ncmy of France , was tried
.4 , S end convicted by u military tribunal and
S sentenced to twenty years imprisonment. Fol-
.i : lowing the course justified by abzndant precedents -
' . ' . : dents , this government demanded from that ,
' of France the record of rho proceedings of the
3rench tribunal , which resulted in Mr. "iVal.
. ler's condemnation. This request has
been complied with to the entent
. . - of supplying a copy of the beneficial
: record from which appear the constitution and
S. organization of the Court , the charges as formulated -
_ ; ' mulatod and the general course and result of
the trial and .by 'which it was shown that the
, : Becused was tried in GCfl court and was de-
, ' . fended'by counseL But thq evidence adduced
. . S ifl support of the chaiges. which was ziOt to.
- , ceived by.ho French mitlibter of fosoign uffatra
' initil tlsefirst week in October , has thus far
Q : . been withbed. the Frcnch gnvelnrncn taking
. the grnnd that its production in respono to
0 r demand would establish a bad precedent.
: The efforts of our ambassador to procure it ,
however , though impeded by recent changes in
S S the French ministry have not bon relaxed and
S j jg confidently expected that some sarisfac-
. . . tory solution of the matter will shortly be
reached. Mcanwhilo it appears that 31r. al-
Jar's confinement has oven alleviation which
S the state of his healthnnd all the other circurn-
. jtanccs of the case demand orpermit. I
Trade Comp1IcntonS W1t Germany.
"OurrelationWith ho states of th torman
emhe are in some aspects typical of a condi-
S tion Fhiugs elsowh re found in a country
- S whose production and trade are similar to our
S ; own. Tip close rh'alry of conpoting indus-
S trio ? : the inflnene 01 th delusIve doctrine
* , that tint ntrn d dev&oiuuent of a nation is
: prom.ted and its wealit incrcas I by a policy
k ; wheh , in unIertakin : to rcscVO its own mar-
. cets for the excluivo uso'uf its own pro.iucors ,
: t neccssarily obstruct their als in foreign marS -
S kots and prevents free access to markets of the
55 world ; the desire tu retain trade in time-worn
c ruts , regardlos of the inexorable lawi of.new
S ' ri'eds and changed conditions of demand and
. , inppiy , and our own Iislting tariincs in invit-
in ; a free exchange of commodities and by this
i ; moans imperiling our footing in the cxtcrnal
? ' markets naturally open to us , have created a
& situation somewhat injurious to American e -
4 : port interest ; , notozily in Germanvwliere they
are pcrljaps nmot notE : eabie , but in adjacent
: couutries.
.S' The exports affected arc largely .trnorian
. ' . ' cattle and other food products , the reason
.5 assigned for tmfrtvorablo iliscrimin ttjon icing
. that their consumption is deleterious tQ the
) public healtim. This is all the more irritating
' in iew of time fact that no European State is
-S _ ; . as j alous of the excellence ansi wholesome-
ns.s of its eportcd food supplies as the United
Stater nor so easily able. on account of inher.
:5' : e'it zounc1flOS % to guarantee tHose qualitics.
; 4 Nor are those difi1cultiscnfinet1 to our food
; products designed f r exportation , Our great
: . insurance coinpanto , for cram 'lo having
c.S' builtnp a vastbusiness abroad antlinvestod a
large share of their gains in foreign ccuntries.
5' S S . . } fl compliance with the locsi laws anJ rorula-
S tion hon existing. now find therrsmivcs vitlijn
. * narrowing circle of onerous and unforeseen
S jonditions , an&aro confronted by the necessity
; : ' ' .f retirement from a field hose made unprofit-
; S able. if indeed they am not summarily cx-
- 'r : . 4 pcilod , some of thorn have lately been in
: ? S 21a Itisnotto b forgotten that inhmr.
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nnti-naltraao cannot be one.sfdod. Ita currents -
rents are nlthrnaUng and its movements 8hould
be honestly reciprocal Without tbi it almost
aorosarilydoyoaoratesinto a devio to gain
advantage or a contrIvance to recuro
with only' the semblance of a icturn. . In our
dealings with other nations. we ought to be
open-handed and scrupulously fair.
This should be our policy as a producing n't.
tion , and t picinly bccomnesua as apoopo wIt'
love generosity : tnd the moral nspocs of un-
tienal goal faith and reciprocal forbearance.
These coniiidoraticn , bbould hot however , constrain -
strain us o submit to unfair dscrimination
nortosientlyacquieseo in r exatioushiridrauces
to the onoJmont of our r 112r0 of the legitimate
advantaes of proper trade relations. 1 ! an
examination of the situation suggests such
moaures : on our part as would ivolvo rstric-
fions similar to these from 'wldch wo suffer , tire
way to such a conr3o is easy ; it shoud , however -
over , by no mean4 be lightli entered upon ,
sincotbo noccssitr for thro ixmuuration of suh
a policy would be regretted by the best sentiment -
mont of our people , and because it naturally
and logically might lead to cnsopuonces of the
gravest character.
The I3ehrlng Boa Matter.
Our relations with Great B iLaia , nlways in'
timato and important , have demanded , during
the p3st year1 oven a greater share of consideration -
ation than is usual. Several vexatious question -
tion Were loft undetermined by the decision of
the Beliring Boa arbitration tribunal. The ap-
pircation of the principles laid down by the
august body has not been followed by the to.
suits they were intended to accomplish , either
bcauso tim principles themselves lacked in
breadth and definiteness or boauae their exe-
cutton has been snore or loss imperfect.ho
understanding by 'which tie Unitd States waste
to pay and Great i rEtain to recaivo a lump
sumof$2iO in felt sattlomontot all British
claim for damags arising from our seizure of
British seating yes oL4 unauthorized under the
award of the Paris tribunal of arbitration was
not confirinol by the last Congress , which do-
dined to make the nocessars' appropriat.on I
am still of the opinion that thi3 arraug.mtneat
was a judicious CflLI advantageous one for the
government , and .1 earnrstly recommend'that
it b3 again considered and stnctioned. if ,
however this does nt moat 'with tire favor of
Congress , it certainly vilL hardly dissent from
tire proposition that the government is bound
to every conaideratiolk of honor and good faith
to provhlo for the speedy adjustment of these
claims by arbitratiow as th only other alterna-
tivo. A treaty of arbitrition has. therefore ,
been agreed upon aim : ! w ill be immediately laid
before tb Senat , so that , in one of the motes
suggbtoJ , a final settlement may be reached.
The Venezuela issue.
Itboing apparent that the loundary disputc
betvcoa Great Bri.ain and the Rupublitm of
Venezuela , concerning th limits of British
Guinea , was approaching an acute stage , a
definite staeinont of the intcrcst and policy of
the United ftate a s regards the controversy
seemed to be ruuircd both on its own account
and in view of mts relations with the friendly
iowers directly c ncornod. In July last. there- .
foio , a ( hisLtchwas addresso , ! to oar ambassador -
dor at London for communication O the British
government in which the attitudn of tiio United
ita c-s as fally and distinctly set forth Time
general conclusions there reached an. ! formulated -
latod are in substance that the traditional and
o1tablishcd policy of this govornmoa is firmly
opposed to t Uncible increme by any European
power of its territorial possessions on this conti-
heat ; that this policy is as well founded in
principle as it Is strongly supported by nu-
morons proedonts ; that as a conseqruno the
United Sto3 : is bound to prctest agammist the I
en argeinoat , of tie aria of British Guinea n
tler.gation oh : the rights and , against the will of
Venezuela ; that , contidcring the disparily in
itrcngth of Great Brit tin and Venezuela , the
territorial dispute between them can be emily
sutleti only by friendly and impartial arbitration -
tion r.nd that the moort to such arbitration
should include tin whole controver3y and is
not satilicd if one of the powers couccrcod is
permitted to draw an arbitrary line through the
territory in debate and to declare tittit it will
submit to arbitration only the portion 1yin on
one side of'it. In vew of thee conclusions the
dispatch in quo.tiou called up 'a the British
govcrnncrit for a delinite answer to tim question
whetlie it would or WOUI(1 not submit the tern-
tonal controvery bet.oon itself and Venezuela
iii its dni ety to impartial arbitratien. The
aasver of th Ili-itish government hizms not yet
been receive t but is expected shortly when'
further co nnunication on tito suboct will JL'OI3-
qb'y be made to congress.
TIre hawaiian Matter.
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Early in .Tanuary last an uprising against the
government of llawaiia was promptly sup.
PrCmcd. Martial law was forthwith pre-
claimed and numerous arrests were made of
pcmnous suspected of being in sympathy with
the Royalist iarty. Among these were several
citizens of the Uuitd States , who were either
convicted by a military court and sentenced to
death , impi isonment on flue , or were deported
without trial. Thu ( limited States , while denying -
ing protection to those who had taken rho Hawaiian -
waiian oath of allegiance , insisted that martial
law , though altering the forms of justice , could
not supercede justice itself , and demanded a
stay of execution until the proceedings had
been submitted to this government. end knowl.
edge obtained therefrom that our citizens had
received fairtrial. . The death sentences were
subsequently commuted or were remitted on
condition of leaving the islands. The cases oh
certain Amnericums arrested and expelled by ax'
bitrary order. without formal charge or trial ,
have had atteiition' in some instances have
been found o justify remonstrance and a claim
for indemnity , which llawaiia has thus far not
conceded. Mr. Thurston , the Hawaiian Minis
ter , having furnished this govorament abuud-
ant reason for asking that ho be recalled , that
course was pursued and his successor has
lately been received.
Lyncliiiig of Italians In Colorado.
Tire dcplorabe l nchin ; of several Italian
laborer ; in coiorado : wasnaturshlyfoltowed by
international representation and I am happy
to siy that the bst cffort of the State in
r1'iich thi's outragr's occurred have been put
forth to dicovcr and pimisli the authors of this
atrocious crEam ' . ihe depeirthat famili 's'ot
some of the unfortunate victims iriwite by theis
deplorable condItion geacious provision lot
their needs. Tlme manifestations against
helpless aliens may be traced timrouir st1t'co-
sive stazes of the vicious padroni system which
un'heckel by our immigration and cortract
] abr statutes , cotros thso workers from the
m mont Of landiig on our shore. and larms
them out in distant and often rude regious.
where tiOir cheapening competiorm in the fields
of bread winning toil brings them iii coijision
with othie.- labor into-ets. While welcoming ,
as we m'iiould , those who sock our shores to
m'rgo tlicmslvos in i ur body politics and win
per onal compotcnc3 by honest ( 'fTort , o can
not regard suh mseinblaues as distinctively
alien laborethiod out in the mass to the
profit of alien speculator ; and shipped hithet
. and tuiither as the prcspo t ofgiin may dic-
tatd , as otlierws than repugnant to the r ght
of our civilization deterrent to individual ad-
yanctnciit and hindrances to thu buitding up
of tnbl communiths resting upon the wholesome -
some ambitions of the citizen and constituting
the prime factor in the prospanity and progres3
ofour nati9n if legislation can roach this
growing evil it . 'crtainly should ho attempted.
Congratulations for Japan.
Japan irts furnished abundant evidence ot
h'r vast gain in every trait and ch trasteristic
that constitute4 a n ations gratness. We have
reason for congratulation in the fact that the
'overnmnent of the United States , by the ox.
change of hibral treaty stipulations 'with the
new Japan , was the first to recognize her won-
derlul advancement and to extend to her the
conSi Leration and confidence duo to her na.
tional enlightenment and progrosrivo char-
acter.
Samoan Arrangement Unsatisfactory.
in my last two annual messages I called the
attention of the Congress to the position we
occupied as one of t113 parties to a treaty or
ngrement by which wo became ointly bound
with Englandand Germany to so interfere with
the government and control of Samoa as in
effect to assume the management of its affairs.
On the 0th day of May , l9 I , I transmitted to
the senate a special message wIth accompany-
lug documents giving information on tho.sub-
joctaad emphasizing the opinion I have at nil
times entertained that our situation on this
matter was inconsistent with the mission and
traditions of our government in 'violation of
the principles we profess and in all its phases
mlshievous and vexatious. I again press this
subject upon ; hg attention of Congres and askS
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for such legislative action or epresslon a3will
lead the way to our relief from obiigationa both
frkonio and unnaturaL
The Cuban itebellion.
Cuba Is again gravely disturbed , an Insurrec-
Lion in some ropects more active than the inst
proceeding revolt , which continued from ISGS
to1878. now exists inn 'nrgopart ' of the East.
em intoror of the island. menacing oven some
populations on the coast. Bcsido4 dangering
the commercial exchanges of tim island , of
'which oir country takes the predominant
share , this flagrant conditia of hostilities by a
rousingsontimontalsymathy and inciting adventurous -
venturous Support among our people , has entailed -
tailed earnest effort on the pare of this government -
mont to enforce obetlenco to our neutrality
laws and to prevent the territory of tIre Unite-I
biates ( rota bning abused as a vantage ground
from which to aid thcs in arms against Spau-
ish sovercignt7 Whatever may be the traditional -
tional sympathy of our countrymen , as
viduals with people who seem to be struggling
for larger autonomy and greater froedomn
deepened as such sympathy naturally must be
In bshalf of our neighbor. Yet the plain duty
ef their government is to observe in good faith
the reeo5gnizod obligations of international re.
t.atioaslilp. The performance ot this duty
should not be rnad' moro diflIcult by a disro-
'ard on part of our citirens of the obligations
. growing out of their aflegiance to their country -
try which ahould restrain thorn from violating
as individuals the neutrality 'which the nation
of whimhi they are members is bound to observe
in its relations to friendly sovereign States.
Though neither the warmth of our peoplo's
sympathy with the ( uban insurgents nor our
toss and material dmnmago consequent upon the
futile cndeavor thus far mada to restore peace
and order , nor any shock our humane gon4ibili-
tie- ' may have rocoivol from the cruelties
which appear to especially cliaractorizo this.
anguinazy and fiercely conducted war , have in
the least shaken the determination of the gov-
rnmcnt to honestly fulfill every international
obligation : yet , it is [ 5) ba earnestly hoped. on
every grounds , that the Aovastation of armed
ronflict may sp &lily be stayed and order and
quiet restored to the distracted island , bring.
Lng in their train the actibiity and thrift of
peaceful pursuits.
'Time Tumklsh Troubles.
Occurrences in Turkey have continued to exCite -
Cite COflCOrfl. The reported massacres of Chris-
liais in Armenia and this development there ,
and in other districts , of the spirit of fanatia
hostility t' , Christian influ"ncos. naturally cx-
itpd apprehension for tire safety of the devoted
men and women 'who , as dcendenth of the for-
sign mi-sionary societies in the United States ,
and reside in Turkey under the guarantee of
law and usage and in ths legitimab perform-
thee of their educational and religious mission.
to efforts have been spared in their behalf and
their protection in person and property has
been earnestly and vigorously enforced by
every means within our power I regrt , however -
ever , that an attempt on our part to obtain
better information concerning the true condi-
Lion of affairs in the disturheci quarter of the
Ottoman erniro by sending the United
states consul at Shins t o make investigation
nd report. was tljwartcd by the objections of
the Turkish government. This movement on
our part was in no sense meant as a gratuitous
vntanrlemont of tire United States in the so-
railed Eastern questIon. nor as an officious in-
terferenro with the right art I duty which belong -
long by treaty to certain great European
PoWers , calling for their intervention in pout-
ical matters aiTcctingtlro good governmentand
religious frcdom or the non-Mussulman sub-
jeatsof tire lultan , but it ares ) s1ely from our
desire to have an accurate knowledge of the
ondtitions in ourciforts to care for those entitled -
titled to our proteetton.
The presence of our naval vessels which are
'mw in the vi minity of the disturbed localities
afford opportunities to acquire a measure of
ranmiliarity 'with the CoflhitiOu of affairs and
tyjil enable us to take suitable stops for the
protection of any interests of our countrymen
within reach of our ships that might be found
imperilled. Time Ottoman government has
.ate1y issued an impoial Irado exempting for-
vcr from taxation an American college for
in1s at Scutari. Repented assurances have
siso been obtained by our envoy at Constantinople -
tinople that similr institutions maintained
tad administered by our countrymen shall ho
tecured in the enjoyment of all rights and [ hit
oUr citizens throughout the empire shall be
protected.
On time demand of our minister orders have I
been issued by time Sultan that Turkish soldiers j
ball guard and csort to the coast American
refugees and those orders have been carried
out. and our latest intelligence gives assuranse
f time prcCut personal safety of our citizens
'xml missionaries. Thommgim thins far no lives of I
Mnerican citizens have .boen sacrificed , there "
can be no doubt that serious loss and destruction -
tion of mision propOrty imavo resulto. ! from
tiotou conflicts and cutrageous attacks.
By treaty severI of time most powerful J
European powers have secure I a right and as- ,
; umed a duty not only in behalf of their own
citizens and in furtherance of their own inter-
sts. but as agents of the Christian world.
Their right. is to enforce such coniuct of the
Furkisli government as will restrain fan-itical
brutality , and in fact , their duty li to interfere
so as to insure against such dreadful occurrences -
rences in Turkey as lately shocked civilization.
rhr powers declare this right and this duty to
be theirs alone , and it is earnestly hoped that
ffectivo action on their part will not bo d.
layed.
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Oun FINANCES.
& Subject of the Greatest Importancoto
tire American People.
As we turn from a review of our foreign relations -
tions to the contemplation of our national
( inancial situationwo are immediately aware
that we approach a sulject of domestic can-
: crn. more important than any other timat can .
engage our attention , and one at present in
such a perplexing and dhicato predicament as
to require lromnpt anti wise treatment.
Vkmnaywelt be cnctnrziged to eami st clTert
in ihi ; diect1ot when we recall the steps '
'ilr'aiy taken t .ward improving our economic
'md financi ml situation , and wimento appreciate
( mow vl ! thi way has been prepare-i for further
progr3ss by an aroused an(1 intelligent popular
interest in these subjecti. By command of the
IC0p10. It customs revenue system , designed for
time protection and benefit ci' favored classes at
the expn U of time great majority of our countrymen -
trymen ami tviiirh , vImi o inoffialmnt for the purpose -
pose of revcimtte. cur"iil d ocr tra.o ! relations
3nd imneied our ci.tr tTto to the markets of
time worli , has oceir supercodo'i by a
[ anti i licy 5w rith , in principle , is
based upon a denial of time rizht
of the government to onstruct the avenues of
our people's cheap living or lesron theIr corn-
fort-antI contntmnent , fo the sake ofaceording
spial advantacs to favorites. and tviiich ,
while encouraging our interciiuroo and trade
with other nations , recogniz the fact that
American sclf reliance , thrift and on.enuity ,
can build up our country's indu4tnies and de-
VClOI ) it rosour 'CS mot surely than enervating
paternalism. The compulsory purcimass and
toinage of silver bt the government unchecked
and unregulated by baskets sonditions and
heedless of our currenc.r needs , which for more
than ilfto2n years diiute 1 our circulating sued-
iumundrminedconti dente abroad in our finan
cml ability and at last culminated in distress and
panic at home has been recently stopped by tire
repeal of the laws which forced this reckless
tchem upon the cOuntry. The things timus ac-
complishe I notwitlmstanding their i'xtrcme importance -
portanco and teneficicnt ehect , fell far short
of curing the monetary evils Irom whieh we sal-
ten as a result of long indulgence in ill advised
financial expedionts. The currency denom.
mated United States notes and commonly ,
known as green-backs was isi.ued in largovol
nines during the late civil war and intended
orimrinallv to meet time emergenc-es of that
period. It will be seen by a reference to time
debates in congress at the t.mo laws wore
passed anthoricing the issue of these notes.
timat their advoczrto declared they wore in-
tendnd for only temporay use and to meet the
emergency ofwar. in nlmost , if ifot all , the
laws relating to them , some provision was
made contemplating their voluntary or cent-
pulsory retirement. A large quantity of them ,
however. were kept on foot , and minlod with
the currency of the countrf. so that at the
close of the year 137 ! they anmounted to SSt-
000l& Immediately aftr that date mind in
January , isii : , a law was pascd provithng for I
the resnmtion of specie payment by
which the Sere any of the Trotsury
was required , whenever additional ctrca-
lation was ismned to ationa1 banks ,
- ----i---- -
S
. .
S SS . , ,
-
.corotiro united'States nets In equal- amount
toSO perccntof such additional National bank
circulation until such notes were reduced to
$300,000,000. This law further provides that on
and after the last day of January , 1819 , the
United States notes timen outstanding , should
be redeemed in coin , and in order to provide
and prepare for such redemption the secretary
of the treasury was authorized not only to use
any surplus rovenucs of tire ovorumcnt , but to
f.ssuo bonds of the United States and dispose of
thorn forcoin and to use the proceeds for the
purposes contemplated by the statute.
In May , 1313 , and before the date thus appointed -
pointed for the redemption an I retirement of
these notes , another statute was passed forbidding -
bidding their further cancellation and retire.
meat. Some of them hail , however , been previously -
viously redeemed and cancelled upon the issno
of additional national bank circulation. as permitted -
mitted by the law of 1315. so that the amount
outstanding at the time of the passage of the
act forbidding their further retirement was
SlOd31.)16. The law of I8TS did not stop at dis-
tinet profmibitioa but contained in addition
the following provision , 'Aud when any
of said notes may be redeemed or
be received izito time treasury under
any law , from any source whatever , and
haU belong to the United States , they , hall not
be retired , cancelled , or detroyod. but they
shall be re-issued and paid out again and ko pt
in circulation. " This was the con'iition of affairs -
fairs an the 1st day of January , IBItI. which had
beoti lixcd upon four years before as the date
for enterin upon the redomution and retire-
meat of aft those notes , and for which such
abundant means had been provided. The gov-
eminent was put in the anomolous situation of
owing to th holders of its notes , debts payable
in gold on demand which could neither be retired -
tired by receiving such nctes in discharge of
obligationsduo the government.not cancell'd by
acthal payment in gold. It was forced to no-
deem without redemption andto , pay without
acquitt.ance.
There has bean issued and sold ,5OOOO of
thobonds author zed by time resumption act of
1s75 , the proceeds of which , togetherwith other
gold.iu the treasury , create I a gold fund deemed
sufliciont to moot the demands which might ho
made uppn it for the redemption of the out-
Btanding United Statom notes. This fund , together -
gether with SCot other gold as might be from
time totime in the troasuy available for the
same purpose , has been since called our gold
reserve and $100 OJOOJ has boon rcgarddd as an
adequate amount to accomplish its object.
This fund amounted on the 1st day of January.
19 , to $ li4.Iial3i and though thereafter con-
EtantIy fluctuatiug , it did no fall beiow that
sum in July , 1892. In April , 1893 , for th3 first
time since its estabtishment this reserve
amounted to lots than 8hiOOOOO ) , containing
t that date only $ i7Ohl,83J.
The Bond Contract.
The message reviews at great length the lo
aring of the g mid rejerve , the shipmnent of gold ,
the issuing of bonds , time entcrirxm into the bond
contract with capitalists , and liEs messages to
Congress for relief. Continuing , the President
oays :
The Congress having declined to grant the
necessary authority to secure this saving the
contract unmodified was carried out , resulting
in a gold moser-va amounting to $ lOYm7l,2 on
the 8th day of July , 1SO' . The performance of
this contract not only restored the reserve but
checked for a time time withdrawals of gold and
brought on a period of restorei confidence and
such peace and quiet in business circies as
wore of the greatest possible value to every in.
terest that affects oar people. I have never had
the slightest misgiving concerning the wisdom
or propriety of this arrangement , and am quite
willing to answer for my full stiaro of rasp onsi-
biity for its promotion.
I beliote it averted a disaster , the imminence
of which is fortunately not at this time gene r -
ally unders teed by our peopio. Tliougim the
contrat mentioned stayed for a time the tide
ofgold withdrawal , its good resuirs conU not
be permanent. Recent withdrawals have reduced -
duced the reorvo fromlO,5il,9IO on the tth
dayof July , 1SJ ( , to $7mmf3,9 0. Howlongit
will remain large enough to render its increase
unnecessary is only matter of conjecture ,
though quito large withdrawals for shipment
in the immediate future are pred.cted in well
informed quarters. About $ W,00J,000 has
been withdrawn during the month of November.
The foregoing statement of events and conditions -
tions develop the fact that after increasing our
interest bearing bonded indebtedness more
than $162.000,000 to save our gold reserve , we
are nearly where we started , having now in
such reserve $ :9,333930 ; , as against 'tlll3S,3fl ' , in
February 1691 , 'when the first bonds were issued.
Though the amount of gold drawn from the
treasury appears to be very large , as gathered
from the facts and figures herein present it
actually was much larger. considerable sums
having been acquired by the treaSury within
the several periods stated without the issue of
bonds.
On the 8th of January , 1993 , it was reported
by the secretary of the treasury that moro titan
h172,000,000 of gold hind been withdrawn for -
hoarding or shipment during the year pro-
ceeding. He now reports that from January 1 ,
i89 ; , toJuly ii , ISO ! ) , a period of more than 10
years , only a littio over ' . , GO.OOO was withdrawn -
drawn asia that between July 11 , l&i0. time date
of the passage ot the law for an inr.reasoml nm1i
chase _ of silver , and time first day of December ,
] 80 , , orwithin less than five and a half years , I
th're was withdrawa nearly 1i5OOOO03 ,
making 'to total of moro than $11i3OthJ,000
drawn from tire treasury in gold since January
1st. . 1379 , the date fixed in 1STh for the retire
meat ofthe United States notes.
1" . early $27 , 101,000 of the gold thus withdrawn
have been paid out on theo United States
notes , and yet every one of the $40tJO,03J is
still uncancelled and ready to do service in- LuI I
turo gold depletlo is. More titan i7OOJOO in
gold has since thrir creation in iS 0 been paid
out from the treasury upon the not's given on
the purchase of ilvor by the government ;
and yet the whole , amounting to l3.OOJJ0) ,
except a litto more than * isOiOO which lint-a
been retiro.1 by exchanges for silver at the re-
questof the holders. rinnain outstanding and
piopared to join their older and more ox-
ponicaced allies in future raids upon the trcas-
ur3.'s gold to ervo.
On July 1. 1S9 , mor than a year an ] a half
before the first bonds were issued to replenish
the gold reserve , there was a net balance in the
treasury exclusive of such reserve of less
titan $ It.OiO,0i0 , but the gold reserve
amounted to more than $ lI4OhOfYJJ , which was
the quieting feature of the situation. It wa
when time stock of goid began rapidly to fall
that friglmt. supervened and our securities held
abroad u-era returned for sale and debts owed
abroad were pr 'ssod for payment In the meantime -
time extensive shipments of gold and otier un :
favorable indications caused restlessness and
fright among our people at home.
The act of July ii , i8J ) , in a still bolder effort
increased tii , amount ofsilvcr the Government
was compelled to purchase. and forced it to
become the buyer annually of ii OJOt0
minces , or prartically tim entire product -
duct of our mines. Under both laws
silver rapidly apd steadily declined in value.
The prophecy and the expressed hope and cx-
potation of those in tire congress who led in
the passage of the last mentioned act tnat it
would re-establish and maintain the former
parity between the two metals are still fresh in
our. memory.
Retirement of Treasury Notes.
In other words , lime government has paid In
gold more than nine-tenths of its United States
notes and still owes them all It has paid in
gel 1 about one-half of its notes given for
silver purchases without extinguishing by such
payment one dollar of these notes. And added
to a11 this we are reminded that to carry on
this astonishing fluancil system time government -
ment has incurred a bonded indebtedness of
i95,500tO ) mn establishing a gold reserve and of
l62,2l5.4OO in efforts tnmaintain it.thatan an-
ma ! Interest cbargo of such bonded tn-
iobtedness is more than $ i1.OO3,0Xl , that
3. continuance in our present course
nay result in further bond Issnos ,
and that we have suffered or are threatened
tvith all this for the sake of supplying gold for
rorei shipment or facilitating its hoarding at
rome , a situation is exhibited which certainly
aught to arrest attention and provoke immedi-
ito legisintise relief. 1 ama convinced the only
thorough and practicable remedy for our tron-
bios Is found in the retirement and cancellation
tf our United States notes , commonly called
cioenbacks and the outstanding treasury notes
Issued by the government in payment of silver
purchases under the act of ISOO.
I believe this c ould be quite readily accomn-
rushed by the e : change of these notes for U. S.
oonds of small as 'well as large denominations
bearing a low rate f interest. They should be
_ _
-tt - -S
t-ni _ - - - . .
: = -
- - - - -
long term bonds , thus increasing lli ir deslr
biityaa investments and because theirpaY-
mont could be well postponed to a period far
removed from present financial burdens and
perpl'-xities when 'with jusroased prosperitY
'irid resources they would be more easily met ,
ro further inturo the cancellation of these
cotca and also provhio a way by which gold
maybe tddod toour curreccyin hen of them1
t feature in the plan should bo an autaority
given to the . Secretary of the Treasu-y
to dispose of tIme bonds abroad for gold if
necessary , to complete the contemplated no-
omptioa and cancellation permitting him use
, r the procecis of such bonds to take up and
ancel any of the notoj that may bo in the
trcnsury or that may be received by the gov-
srnment on any account. ¶ 1 ho increase of our
bonded debt involved in this plan 'would bo
'imply compensated by renewed activity and en-
terpni.so in all husInes circles , the restored
ronfidenco at home , the reinstated faith in our
muonetary strength abroad , and the stimulation
af every interest and industry that
would follow the cancellation of the
told demand obligations now afflicting us.
In any ct-out the bonds proposed would stander
or the extinguishment of a troublesome In-
fobtedness , while in the path 'we now follow
there lurks the monaco of unending bonds 'with
our indebtedness still undischarged and aggra-
rated in every feature. The obligation noces-
tary to find this indebtedness would not equal
In amount those from wiiih 'ire have been re-
'loved since 18S4 by anticipation and payment
teyond the requirements of the sinking fund
ut of our surplus revenues. The currency
withdrawn by the retirement of the
United States notes and treasury noto3
tmounting to probably less than $ GOOOO
night be supplied by such gold as would be
nsed on their retirement or by an increase in
rregu1ation ofour National banks. Though
the aggroato capital of these now in existence
smounts to more than $ Git.000,000 , their out-
% tanding circulation based dim bond sourity
imounts to only about $ WO.000,000. They are
iutborizcd to issue notes amounting to nipoty
, er cent of tire bonds deposited to secure their
sirculation , but in no event beyond time amount
Df their capital stock they are obliged to payne
no percent tax on the circutation they issue.
.1 think they ought to be allowed to issue cir-
sulatiori rual to the pse value of the bonds
; hey deposit to souro it , and that the tax on
their circulation should be reduced to one-
fourth of one per cent , which would undonbt. .
tdiy meet all the expenses tim government
ivould incur on their account. In addition
they should be allowed to subttuto or deposit
lii lieu of the bonds now required as security
or their circulation timnie which would be issued -
sued for the purpose of retiting the United
States notes and treasury 110103. The banks
tiready ezisting , if they desired to avail them-
telvcsw of the provisions of law
titus modified could Issno circulation
n addition to that already outstanding ,
itnounting to $413OO.OOI , which would nearly
r qrlit ) equal time currency proposed to , be
; ancelled. At any rate , I should confidently ox-
oct to 503 tIm ) existing national banks or
thmers to be organized mit-nil themselves of the
ropoced 'nconragements to issue circulation
md promptly fill any vacuum and every
eurrency ne3l. it has always seemed to rae
that the provisions of law regarding the cap-
tta of natmonal banks whelm operate as a urn-
'tation to tlmeir location fails to mnao proper
ompensation for ttmo supprcsion of state
'tanks , wlmih came mica : to time p'oplu instil see-
tions of time country and readily furnished
them with banking accommodations and
'ad ! ities.
Whatever is attempted should ho entered
mpon fully appreciating the fact timat by care.
' 055 , easy descent , we have reached a dangerous
iepth and that our ascent will not ho ac-
: omplislmedwithout laborious toil and struggle ,
% \ shall bo wise if we realize that we are
nancially ill anti that our restoration to
iealth may require heroic treatment.
Inasmuch as the n-ithidraw1 of our gold has
esultol largely from frglit , there is nothing
ipparent that will prevent its continuance or
cecurroimce. with its natural consequences , ox-
rapt such a change in our financial m thods as
will reassure the frtgimtened and make the do-
'tire for gold less inteuo. It is not clear how
in inereaso in revenue , unless it be in gold coil
satisfactory to thoar who5o only anxitmtris to
rain gold from the governments store. It can
not , therefore , ho sue to rely upon increased i
cvenues as a cure for ( mU : ] ) rCSCnt
troubles. It is Possible t ; at the suggestion of
ucreased revenue as a remedy for the dillicul-
ties we are considering may have originmted : in
( Ti intimation or distinct trUegation that th
bonds 'tvhiich have been issue.t ostons5bly to
epl nish ourgolI reserve were really isued
to sup.Ay in'ullicient ruyontt. otiiin can be
tur-thmrfrum tm truth. Bonds woo issued to
, btaitmgold for theinaintenancoot ournatioual
redit.
Pree Siicr.
While I have cmieavnroi to make a plain
; tatment of the disordered condition of our
: urrcncy and tIiopre3euttIa1gr3 nieitciu. : our
orosperity and to suge-t a way which
ca 5 to a safer finaimeini system
I : have constantly had in mind time fact thst
unity of inc cuntrym 'n , whose sincerity 1 do
cot ; doubt , iimit that tIme cure for t e ills now
threatening us in y be fou'md in time single and
mimplo menmedy ( If the free coiutge ' .f silver.
l'imey contend that our miits shall be at once
imr .tvn open to t :0 frac. and unlimited and
'iidepo .dent coinage of beth gold and silv-r
1o1htrs of full ieg5l tender quality , rgardless
f the action of any other govmrament , and in
uU view of the fact that tit ratio between
the metals which they suggest calls for enc
'iundrd cents wocth of g Id in the gold dollar
it time ir'scnt standard and only lifty cents in
utrimisic worth of silver 'a the silver dollar.
Ia time present sta c : our ( lifhiculty it is not
! a y to uiiderstand Imow the amount of our rev-
mnuo receipts affects it. Thin important quo-
ion is not time quantity of moimey received in
evenLto payments , but tlio kind of nmnnoy we
mintain and our abihityto continue in sound
financial condition. We are considering tile
; ovanment holding of gold as related to time
; oumCnc3s of our motteyan,1 as affecting our mm-
tiomefi credit and monetary stiongth. if our gold
ro.orvO hail never been impired : if no bonds
mad evo' ben issue I to meplenish if there Imvl
i-ori no fear and timidity concerning our abil-
ty to Contiiiuo gold payment ; L any part
) f our reveuuo3 were now paid in gold , 1
tad if we could look to on : gold reeipts as a
reans e.f maintaining a safe reserve the
amount of imr ret-cnn a would be an intlut'ntial
factor in the problem. But unfortunately all
the circumstan that nrmiglmt lend weight to
this consideration are entirely Iaki'ig. In our
uresent riredicamnnt' no golti is received by tIme
ovcrnmont in paynrent of revenue charges I
or would there lie if the revenues were in-
reaed. The rereipts of tire treasury when not
n silver certificates. consist of United
State3 notes anti troaury notes , tssncl
tor silver purchases. ' 1hee forms of m-ney are
) nly useful to time government in paying ita
murrcnt orhinary cupeasee aud its quantity
l.a governimiout pnSs"Ssion do.iuj " - '
ontributn tewmr-J giving us that kind of safe
! inanial standing or couthtien which is built
, n go d alcn' . it is sai'l that these
otos if hoid by the government can be ned to
b. am galJ for our reserve. The answer is
'many The peopie draw gold froni the treasury
en demand upon Unite I States noteS nod trans
any nets , but the proposition that thmo treasury
zan on demand draw gold from the people upon
them would be regarded in those days with
wonder and amazement Anl even if this
: ouid be done , there is nothing t , prevent
thee timus parting with th mir god from regain-
lug it the nout day or the next hour by the
prcsentatin of the notes they received in ox-
: lmango for it
Tin. st'.rrfarv of tIme treasury inightusa such
noses taken from a surplus meenuu to euy
gold in the market. ( if course. he could not do
this without paying a premium. Private hold- I
era of gold , unlike the government having no
parity to maintaIn. would not be restrained
from making time best bargain possible when
theyfurnishod gold to the trcasary ; but the
moment the scretary of time treasury bought
gold on any term5 above par he would establish -
lish a general and universal premium upon it ,
thus breaking down the parity between gold
and silver which time government is plhged to
maintain , and opening the way to new and
serious comphicatiqas.
In the meantime the premium would not to-
main stationaryan-i the absurd spectacle might
be presented of a dealer selling gold to the
Government and with United State3 notes or
tr'asury notes in his hands immediately clam-
oriag for us return rind a re-ale at a higher
premium. It ; may be claimed that a large rev-
enno and reduced receipts might favorably a-
feet the situatoa under disu.ssion. by affording
. _ .
---.5- - - - S 'r--- - , .
' '
- - - - - - - - - - - _ S _ _ 5- - _ .S- _ - - - - - - ' ' S- ' ' . SSS.S'S _
-r--5----5---5. ; : _ :
I
I'
I 'i- '
S I nil
_ _ _
nete zntfs. . /
treasury , n opportflflf7 when received. and thu-i preYEiti23 [ '
their presentation for gold. Such reteEtiou to _ _
uncfnlouhttobeatleast moasurabli per- 1
is prohibited -
immanent , and this is preciselY what
United States notes are concerned - ,
ited so far as
their ro
corned by law of 1878 , forbiddIng
. ThatthostatutOifl 80 manywOrdS j
tiroment. when receive' ] into _ _
providosthat those notes States _ _
thoThiItCd
and belonging to
the treasury
" and kept in circuia-
shall be "Paid out again
thflb
tion. " It wifl moreover be readily ECOZi
reface to pay on
not
could
the government .
In cur- .
notes
4.
United States notes and treasury
demanded , and insteb
rout transactions when
alone and still maintain I
on paying out slivar
the parity between that metal and the car- 51'
representing gold. Besides the accunmu t
rency
kind
lation in the treasury of currency of any f
exactod.frozn the poopie through taxationla ' ' i
justlyregarded as anoa'il and itcannot prO' ( ,
coed far without vigorous protest against a *
p.njuatifiable retention of money.
Voro there infinitohy stronger reasons than
can be adduced for hoping that such action )
would r4ouro for us a bimetallic currency InOY- I
experiment so novel I ,
ing on lines of parity an
well 1
might
and hazardous as that proposed
stagger those who believe that stabdity 13 an
imperative condition ofsound money. No goT-
ernmont , no hum m n contrivance or act of lcgi * '
latlon has ever boon able to hold thotwo motali I
together in free coinage at a ratio appreciably
different from that which is established in the
markets of the world. . .
In the light of those experiences , 'which ao- 4
cord -with the experiences of other nations , I
there is certainly no secure ground for the b&
hot that an act of Congress could now bridge , ' J
an equality o150 per centbotweon gold and sil'
var at our present ratio , nor is there the bask
possibiitythat our country. 'which has less
than ono soventL of the silver money in the
world , could by its action raise not only our
own , but all silt-or , to its lost ratio with gold. I t
Our attemnptto accomplish this by the free
coinauo of silt-or at a ratio differing from the
actual relative 'valuo 'would be the signal for
complete departure of gold from our circulo- . .
tion , and the collapse of our entire credit sys- .
tern.
Our country's Indebtedness whether owing by
ttmo govornmmt or existing between individnal-s , ,
has been contracted with reference to one pros-
ontstandard. To decree br-act of Congress Ip .
that these debts shall be payable in less valuable - . I
ble dollars titan those 'within the contemplated
and intentlotm of the parties when contracted ,
wouldoperato to transfer b thoflatlatrand
without cornpnsation , tin amount of property
and a volume of rights and interests alm st in- ,
calculable. Those 'who advocate a blind and
headlong plunge to free coinage in the name of I
bimetallism and professing the belief , con- I. '
trary to till experience , that we could 4
thus establish a double standard and a
concurrent circulation of both metals in our a
coinage are certainly reckoning from a cloudy '
standpoint. Our present standard of value is
the standard of time civilizedworlil , and permits - .
mits time only ii-metallism now possible or at I. '
least that wilimin tire independent reach of any ¶
single nation , however powerful that nation I
may be. . While the value of gold . '
as a standard is steadied by
iti
almost universal commercial en-I business it
does not despise silver nor seek its banishment. S
Viiem-ever this standard is maintatnoi there is its 'I '
side in frco and unquestioned circulatitn a vol.
urno of silver currency sometimes equaling , and 1 . j
sometimes oven oxcoedin ; it in nmonnt , both
maintained at a parity notwithstanding a deprecation -
'
procation or fluctuation in the intrinsic value of h
silver.
Ther is a vast difftrenco btwecn a standard I
of value an I a currency for monetary use. The
.
standard must n'cessarily be fixed and certatn 4
Thecurrencynmay he in diverse forums andof I
variouskinds. No silver standard countryimas ' , p
a gold currency in circulation but an cnmlight.- I ,
enedand wise sysiem of finance secures the
bnmfits of both gold and silver as currency I I
end dreamt ing mediimm by keetiin the standard -
ard stable and all other currency at par with J ; ; j
it. Such a system and such a standard also
gives free scope br time use and expansion of 4
safe and conservative credit so indispensiblo F ,
to broad anti growing commercial transactions '
and so well substituted for the 'actual use of " I 1
money. S S
Time past is full of lessons , teaching not only
the economic dangers , but the national jut- J '
morality that follows in time train of such cx- ,
pedient I tvill not lolietO that iho American , i
people can ho persuaded , after sber deliberation - S
tion , to jeopardize their nution's Jrostige and '
proud slanting by encouraging financial nostrums - .
trums , nor that they will yield to the false a- ,
lurenteuts of cheap money , when they iodize
that it must result in the weakening of that '
financEd integrity anti rectitude avlmiclr thus far I '
Eu our history has hi-en so devotedly cherished . S
as one of tIO ! traits of true Americanism.
I have ventured to express myself on these
subjects u-itt ! earnestne-s an5I ilamflr.O3S of '
5ICeCIm becauselcannotril mvsolfoftmbeliof !
that there lurks in the pr.p sition for time free
coinage of silver so stongiy approved and ' I
Sc ) enthusiastical y advocate I 1y a mu1titde '
or my crmuntryinea a serious menace to our pros-
parity and insidious temptation of our people S
to wander from time alleianco thy owe to
pmmbli' and pr vato inr'grity. it is bccau'o I do ,
not distrust time gooti faith an I sincerity of
thmoso at-lie this schema - 'S '
- press that 1 ha-co
imperfectly but with zeal suinbItted my S
thoughts upon this mornontus subject.
I caimnot resrain front begging thorn
to re-examine their views amid bliofs iv. the
liglitof patriot- , reason and firni jar expuri-
ene , anti to weigh again and again the conse.
queue's of Uchi legislation as their elTorts liars (
invited. Even t.mo continu'l acitation of the
subject adds gromtly to the dit1isltj of a
dangerous flnancial situation already forced
upon us.
in conclusion I especiaflyontr ° atthe people's L _ _ _
representatives in time Congress 'who arms
charged with the responsibility or inaugurat. .
jug measures for time safety and propcnity of
ourcommuon country to promptly and chloe- J1
tiveiw consider the ills of our critical financIal
pight. .1 have suggested a remedywhsibh my I S
judgmermt approvs I desire , to assure the
Congress that 1 am prepared toco-oporato with
them in perfecting any othet measures promj.z-
jug tirorough and practical 'relief ' and that I '
at-ill g.z chly labor with thorn in every patriotic
endeavor to further the iimterests and guarj the
welfare of our countrymen whom in our no- . I
spective places of duty we have undertaken to '
serve. ( iaovmt CLuvuLAND ,
It Seems incredible. I
Gazpin-How old does a woman have
to be before she can vote ?
lfazbin-Ttvcnty-one , I believe.
Gazpin-Bntusuallv shedoesu't vote II
until she's twice that age.
Ilazbiu-I know it. You see she hate
to devote the intervening time to niak- ' I
ing up her mind how to vote.Iloxbury J )
Gazette.
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I ,
Heinous Offeno.
: rrs. Figg-Totnmy put a bent pin I
in the ministcrs chair when he wan
calling this afternoon. '
Mr. Figg-Giznmne your slipperquick , . '
A boy who will play such a trick on a I '
man who dtrsen't swear needs one of
time best licking that can be produced.
-Indianapolis Journal.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I
Lids should be
always putover sauc
pans when in use. The steam is usu
ally more beneficial to the dish being
prepared than to the kitchen wails.
In London the natural increa2e of th L
population , from excess of Mrths ovei"
deaths alone , is about 4,000 mcnth.
Most European nations average tor I
the male 5 feet 6 inches , but the Aits-
trians , Spanish and Portuguese just fall
short of this standard.
Unterrifled small boys in Portland ,
Me. , a few days ago stole the grav3 j
markers front the
cemetery for use In
making bounds for hockey plaig
The cult known as ChrIstla Science
,
founded In Be'ton in 1866
by Dr. Mary m
Baker Eddy , now has 200 incorporated
churches in the United States. . I
Last month was the most prospero I
In the history of the Dioklyr , postof. . . I
fice. The sales frozn
stamps , , stamped
envebope.s , etc. , anlonnted to
995G3.3 , f
' 'II
S
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