-
- - -
- - -
- ' LABOR D WAGES ,
AS AFFECTED 13Y TWO TARIFF
' ; PERIODS.
.
- , The American Economist Produces
Sonic Facts and Figures tri Prose That
- + FallaY of Dcraticritiu' Chigoes-Sorno
„
" . Startling Pictures.
4 t
La
Since the beginning of the present
year the Free Trade newspapers have
been busily engaged In reporting what
they were pleased to term "advances"
in wages , though fu no single instance
has it been stated to what previous rate
of wages the "advance" related. With
a view to ascertaining the facts the
American Protective Tariff League has
undertaken an investigation to deter-
mt'ne the average number of hands employed -
ployed in different industries , during
the first half of the years 1590 , , 1592 ,
1894 and 1595 , together with the per-
- ;
s . .
Motel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1i 19 8 .8
Ironandstotl..13o4i 15,123 8&O 1561
Knlt goons . . . . . . . . . . 899 1,010 892 93.3
Lampmanufacturing 1:5 .1255 G5 I"5
Lawyer and planter. 45 5.5 30 21
.Leathcrbuard. . . , . . . G. ti0 50' G6
Lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . „ 1151 2310 - - 2,182if8s
Machitlcry , etc. . . . . . . 4,337 4,451 3,365 3,910
Men's turnishtngs. . 410 493 311 380
Metal goods. . . . . . , . . . 15 15 ti 5
Ttii1 furnls111ngs. . . . . . . , so 20 25
Llilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 93) 759 ' fi15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 2,37G 1,526 1,738
Newspapers , print-
ingaud publishing 613 713 672 6
Packing..1.85O 2,410 2.5502.g18g8
Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 1 2,567 2271 283 ;
Pottery. . . . . . . . . . . . 009 4 0 60 630
Pumpsandtiandmills 166 178 181 20G
Railroads . . . . . . . . . . .10,573 19156 15,021 15,271
Revolvers. . . . . 400 400" 23) 201
Itibbon mrnufact'ng 140 100 115 140
Rooting ( metul ) . . . . . 60 70 C5 75
Roofing slate. . . . . . . . 242 210 231 15 ,
Salt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 20 18 4
Sashes , blinds , &c. . . 21 20 16 12
Saw mill and pumps 3) 36 28 . 35
Sewer plne. . . . . . . . . 67 119 43 77
Sneep raising. . . 40 35 4 2
Ship woLs. : , . . . . . .1,168 419 40) 213
Slate quarry and fac-
tory. . . . . 40 40 40 41
si11 : manufacturing. 809 74 701 X550
Smelting. . . . . . . . . 48 58 1 1
.
Soapmanufacturing. 43. 42 :8 43
Stationers . . . . . 15 2J 25 30
Stove tnanufact'ng. . 18) 18 i 110 18 (
Sugar. . . . . . . 1,6:8 : 1,911 1 012 1,526
Turpentine . . . . . . . . 70 60 50 40
1yagons and carrl-
agcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31x5 410 300 311
Wall paper. . . . . . . . . . 69 7i 15 20
Water-wheels. 30 40 35 45
Winemanufacturing 15 15 7 5
Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 908 1,103 1,05 8
Wo'lells. . . . . . . . . 7,553 8,505 7,296 7,711
Woolensand cottons G21 610 85 r5
Wt r tcd goods. . . . . . 1,332 1,456 1,303 16f5
Wo'stcds and tivool-
ens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 :7fi 237 261
Yarns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 LN05 418 412
Yarns and cloths. . . . 1130 1,050 560 750
Yarns au : cordage. . 75 00 6) 75
Totals ' 82,881 02,411. 04,339 80,086
1 TG te ONE '
1 a very . e a ra 9e -
t
4
a :
va 1 ride " ' , } r i °
o
' EE T R
.
" cc nt Pre /e h
5 D
2 ar S \ (2.Z3) (
. - , - fl
- ) S TiIIio1 Oollcrs
r PAYMENT
a
i1'ler4Can
Wee 1wr
. t
so million pollors
.
t SAY ENT
25 million"Dollars
? PAYMENT
.
y , i1
a
, rJ '
*
- -
- 25l1lifli011 Dollars
4 '
; , BELDJ ZERO .
-U ,
. ' So million Dollar S
BEl.Oi JZL-R0.
F . ' Et i'dl eQu
Weath r '
75 3liiJHol7 Dollars "
aEIOW ZERO
A
, r a rata vr a e Qinuo1
OEGRER G E - A TD _ _
/
611,71 1 } . 65,582,365 (
' tentage of wages paid , the rate cf 1890
being taken as a full standard.
We have received almost 500 reports
from 85 different industries , the largest
number of industries that ever reported
to any census made by the League. As
forty of the replies were either unsigned -
ed , only partly filled out , or both , we
omitted them entirely from our caleula-
ticns , leaving the following particulars
representing the information given by
456 different employers of labor. The
first list gives in detail the number of
hands employed :
hands EtuploycL
' Average number of hands
S employed , .tan l to
Tunc : .J.
Industry. 13 0. ! fl 2. 1891. 1835.
111aclsmithiag 8 7 4 4
13h ; chtug nuddyeins a : ; 432 415 511
Boiler. engines and
loontires..6.005 5,951 3,5I5 3,396
Bus anti pump facto-
ries. . . 16 12 8 .
13ox utaking. . . . . . . . . . 109 212 162 105
ilrasa goods. . . . . . . . . . " ' : to 36 $ 417
I3rickand tile , . . . . . 51 46 28 13
Building nad con ,
uacting . . . . . . . . . . a ; 0 11 30
Carpets . . . . . . . . . . . 361 339 317 440
Chewing sum. . . . . . . l5 30 50 100
Coal an4 coke. . . . . . . 2,391 . 2,74 3,213 2.767
Copper refiners. . . . . . 115 178 ; 231
Cordaba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6220 670 3iG 856
Cotton..4,976 5.243 2 553 5401
Cotton and jute. . . . . . 307 390 " 250
Cutnallsandsptkes. ' 3:5 39i 217 193
Drcding. . . . . . . . _ , 81 33 63
Drugs ( wholesale ) . . . 9 ) @d SO
iarthcnwaro . . . . . . . . 270 200 201 800
EducatlonaL. . . . . . . . . 15 la 15 15
h g racking . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 15 10
Farming. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 16 13 12
Fcltannlumbermills 230 i37 218 323
Tiberandliberware. 103 117 SO 84
I'urniture . . . . . . . 5 5 5 5
General laborers. . . . 50 75 10 20
Goneralmerchd'se. . 53 51 ii 11
Glorcmanufactwing 435 465 3:0 : 40
Grain and Iced. . . . . 4 4 4 4
Iiardware . . . . . . . . . 939 1,03) 3 988
Hardware , plumbing
and steam fitting . 12 14 9 8
. Harness. 380 15 15
Hat manufacturing. . . . . . 25) lia 79
Ilop growing. . . . . . . . . 23 23 24
] losie 50 13) 211 359
hosiery and under-
357 490 2,0 .200
,
i , .
. -
These returns show that the same industries -
dustries employed 9,530 more hands in
1892 than in 1890 , an increase of 12 per
cent. In 1894 they employed 24,081
hands less than in 1892 , a decrease of 26
per cent ; in the early part of 1S95 they
employed 11,756 more hands than in
1S94 , but 12,325 less hands than in 1892
and 2,795 less even than in 1890. For
. , n
i
' I Wanes.
Average . 1e
-S naves paid , Jan-
Industryy nary 1 to June 30.
1893 189. 1891 1835
Btackamtinn ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,100 100 78 78
Bleaching ; and dyeing . . . . . . . IC0 110 110 159
Boilers , t rtgines and locomo
motives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 101 I1 89
Bottlemanufacturing..100 125 5 C9
Box and pump factory. . . . . . . _ .100 too 90 80
Box malting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 80 80
Brass goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 08 91 90
Brick and the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 90 75 43
Bulldhg and contracting. . . . . . 100 105 03 90
Free Trade Means No Money.
' SAV1NGS
Ili
kn
111i II : ! I , I i : cyK' ' F
lalih ' ;
" { h
t
_
!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 70 89
Chewing gum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 100 100 110
Coal and coite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) ) 95 83 76
Coppcr relincrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 103 160 107
Cordage. . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 10) 40 40
Cotton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 92 91
Cotton and jute. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10J 100 70 80
Cut nails atd spikcs. . . . . . . . . . . 10) 05 75 70
Dredging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 107 69 03
Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . : . . . IOJ 100 85 90
Earthenware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . .100 1o0 721 7
Edut atinual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 100 103 100
Egg packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) 1O ) 00 90
Farming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 8'1 77
Felt and lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 123 is 128
Fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 110 62 74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100
-General labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 110 60 50
General merchandise . . . . . . . .101 142 95 62
Gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 115 103 114
Grain and leed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 101 107 100
Ifarhvare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 103 7.1 Sl
Harness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1c0 iCO 61) ) CO
Imps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 105 100 75
hosiery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) ) 10. ) 100 117
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 103 02 75
I'aclIng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 95 89 89
Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 101 78 73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) WI ) 01 89
Printinguui bookbinding. . . . 100 O5 81 83
Pulp. . . . 1 0 139 lu0 l + 8
Pumps and windmills..100 100 93 8S
liaiICOuls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 102 98 10,1
Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 100 100
Revolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ' 100 O ) OJ
Roofing and z4ding . . . . . . . . . . . . .iCO 116 111 t3
Roofing slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 112 III 97
IUbborts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 65 GJ 93
Hosierry andunderwear..100 10) ) 80 5
Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 100 80 70
Iron and steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 103 85 89
Knit goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 99 8 i 87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ICO 90 95
.
Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I0) 10) 1l 27
Lentherboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 100 95 1CO
Lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 191 8.2 81
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ICO 95 75 SO
Men's furnishing. . . . . . . . . . . . .1C0 100 85 88
Metal goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 ICO 90 SO
111111II furnlltittg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 ,5 50
Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) ICO 75 70
Sash , blinds. doors . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 80 8,1
Saw mills and : . . . . . . . . . . 105 87 105
Sow mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) 103 86 I )
Sewer piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) f 5 36 114
Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DO 100 07 5)
Ship buildin [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1010) 92 65
Silk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 103 8) 113
Slate quarrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . i)0 107 180 100
Smelting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 90 80 80
Sugar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . .190 10 t 216 07
Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lo ) 106 71 91
Turpentine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 80 70 65
Wagons and car . . . . . . - ) 114 79 81
'
Wall paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u o 107 90 0)
Z1'ater tvhecis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.U : 1(0 85 85
Wino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 1 25 10) IOJ
Wire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LO If. , 05 91
Woolen goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) 100 9t 89
Wooler s : and cottons. . . . . . . . . . . 100 110 13 50
Worsted goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 90 71 01
Worsted and woolens..10) 1(4 7) 77
Yarns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 100 100 71) 92
Yarns and colh : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10) 103 78 88
Yarns and cordage..1 0 103 9) 90
Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.0 105 81 86
These fact3 show that the average of
wages paid in 1S92 was 5 per cent higher -
er than in 1S90 ; in 1893 it was 10 per
cent less than in 1890 and 21 per cent
less than in 1S92 ; while for the 1895
period the average rate o wages paid
was 14 per cent less than in 1890,17 per
cent less than in 1892 ; and only 2 per
cent greater than in 159.4. While those
reported "advances" in wages have
been diligently announced in the cases
of the few industries that have been
enabled to make them , nothing has
been heard of the far more numerous
other instances wherein the wage earners -
ers have not been so fortunate.
Previous investigations made by the
League were :
McKinley census , October , 1892 ,
showing over $ -0,000,000 invested in
new or enlarged industries within two
I894 i - T
D i1f eC ) ' r , j ,
7 P ,
i r l 1 , / / ' ; . i rdr , , r 4 l J 5rr/ , Fl./ .
: : GaS25ti5t ;
1011i11. 20t0i - 3D9'till. . 46ttiii. . :5pl : II , 60111 ! .
. Bush sashbush. . ' &tcsh. ' sus } ; . iush. ; "
' 25So ,753
h
i
,
' rt ; of J © VI 1
are , ar.he two isca ears
- - ; eltdin llre3a-1394nndl895 :
> ® . . ® .
1895 the employment of labor shows an
increase of 17 per cent , as compared
with 1894 , a decrease of 13 per cent as
compared with 1892 , and a decrease of
3 per cent as compared with 1890.
Next we give the percentage of wages
paid in 455 different industrial establishments -
lishments : .
years ; also that work has been provided -
vided for 37,285 additional hands.
Industrial census , October , 1893 ,
showing a loss of 47.20 per cent in the
volume of trade , as compared with November -
vember , 1892 ; a decrease of 60 pt'r
cent in the number of hands employed ;
a decrease of 69 per cent in the amount
l
of wages paid , and a decrease-of $2.5
In the average weekly earnings.
Industrial census , October , 1894 ,
showing a decrease of 56 per cent in the
output of factories , as compared with
1892 ; a falling off of 30 per cent in the
number of hands employed ; a falling
off of 45 per cent in the amount of
wages earned ; a decrease of $55 in average -
age annual earnings.
These results can be briefly tabulated
as follows :
McKinley Census of 11:92.
Extra hands employed. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 837E
Now capital Invested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-10,0oOO )
Industrial Census , . October , 1893.
Since Novcmber.1802.
Decrease in labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GOys per cent
Decrease in wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 per cent
Decrease in business..47.2 per cent
Number of hands out of work . . . . . . . .101,763
Total loss in wecitly wages. . . . . . . . 81.32S5L36
Average decrease in rate of
wages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.33 per week
Industrial Census , October , 1891.
Since 1590 Census.
Decrease in labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 per cent
Decrease in wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 per cent
Decrease in product . . . . . . . . . . . . percent
Decreasa to cost of material..44 per cent
Wage and Labor Consns , Septataber,1895
Labor Wages
employed. paid ,
Comparison Mo : a ( ; - ) or More ( - 1or )
with less ( - ) . less ( - ) .
189)3 per cent. -1.1
1S9 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 per cent. -17
leOl. . . . -17 per cent. --2
From this latest investigation it is apparent -
parent that the industrial condition of
the United States has r'etr'ogressed more
than half a decade. Six years have
elapsed since the taking of the senses
of 18S9 , and we find that 3 per cent less
labor is employed now than then , also
that labor earned this year at the rate
Bttncoing tlte Sugar Placttera.
, ,
i
r to '
; _ ' P r ° . l ,
I
'
' 1 i I ' a
, t ,
n
of 1.4 per cent less wages than in 1889.
These results , as applied to the whole
country , appear in the following exhibit -
hibit :
Census of ISO ) . Investigation of 1895.
Hands employed. . .1,7. 2,632-3 per cent.-1,571 .213
Wages earned.
82,283-16.539-less 14 per cent 81,961.560,215
The result of a Democratic administration -
tration and a Free Trade fanatic Congress -
gress is that labor was earning $300,000- j
000 less this year than in 1889. We have
to thank the more conservative Democratic -
cratic Congressmen that the result was
not worse. Contrast this half decade of ;
Democratic destruction with the pro-
Ilitling the heal Danrcr.
r
I/ V I
'YII :
ij -Ir { , S i I
f ;
r i s W n l
t , t + J „ , o
11111\\ ' ;
; 1rt - wI r1
gress of the country during three decades -
cades of Protection :
Growth of Capital Invested.
1869 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g 1 , ( Ol , 855 , 713
1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,118.2J8,76)
1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 , 79).27,616
1590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.521.475,306
Itacreaso of Persons Employed.
Children ,
Not
Men. Womenn returned.
1860. . . . . . . . . , . . 1,0.0,319 270807 I
187.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,615:93 323i0 114,628
,889 . . . . . . . . . . . . .2019,0.1.5 531,639 181,021
. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , 845,428 121,194
-Not returned.
Total Wages Paid.
1860. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 378,878,966 l
1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775,584 313 I
188 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947,9 13,795
I80. 2,283.16,527 I
Cost of Material and Value of Prodnct.
Cost of Value of
MatertaL Product.
ISO ) . . . . . . . . . . . 81u31,6(509' ( . 81,855S13l 676
1870. . . . . . . . . . . 2,458427,242 4,232,32i,412
IS1ID..336,82l.49 5,369,579,191
180) ) . . . . . . . . . . 5,162 , 41,076 9 , T,437.233
There are two items in the above
tables that stand out in bold relief of
all others :
IIands 1 mpl' yed. Wages Paid.
1830 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.712,6222 82'253,916 23
1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.73259 1 947 053,793
Intreaseinteny ars.1.0S0,037 $1'a5,2G2,731
Nearly- two millions of people given
employment in a ducade. Two hundred
thousand per year. This was Protection.
And the threat of Free Trade has
thrown us back half a dczen years till
labor is less busy now than it was in
1889 , and its earning capacity is less by
three hundred million dollars a year.
Here the suggestion naturally follows
that our consumption of goods must be ,
on the basis of our consumption in 18S9 ,
at least as far as the wage earners are
concerned if they are in receipt of $300 ; l I
000,000 less than in 1889. This being the i
case , the effect of our present importations -
tions of foreign goods could only be
fairly gauged by comparing them with
our imports of 1889. That we are not
consuming as much as we did from
1890 to 1893 is well known , but if the
demand has fallen back to that of 1859
then our manufacturers will certainly 1
have to curtail their output very short-
ly. We have , in fact , learned from representatives -
resentatives of several industries that
this is likely to be the case. !
- t
t
I
-
* - k , , _
1 B
SKETCHES WORTH THE WHILE
FOR CHILDREN READ.
"Remember , Boys Slake Men"--Wlth
iii Isis Worldly Coods-Wlwro Clocks
Are Unknotru-Excellent .tdvlc&-.n
Evening Prayer.
HEN YOU SEE A
ragged urchin
1 Standing wistful in
' in the street ,
0' With torn hat and
kneels' ' trousers -
ers ,
t P Dirty face and bare
red feet ,
! Pass not by the
. s f J child unheed-
COPYRIt4T. 't ing.
Smile upon aim. Mark me , when
He's grown he'll not forget it ,
Far remember , boys make men.
When the buoyant youthful spirits
Overflow in boyish freak ,
Chide your child in gentle accents ,
Do not in your anger speak ;
You must sow in youthful bosoms
Seeds of tender mercies ; then
Plants xvil1 grow and bear good fruitage -
age ,
When the erring boys are men.
Have you never seen a grandsire
With his eyes aglow with joy ,
Bring to mind some act of kindness-
Something said to him , a boy ,
Or"relate some slight or coldness ,
With a brow all clouded , when
He said they were too thoughtless
To remember boys make men ?
Let us try to add some pleasures
To the life of every boy ,
For each child needs tender interest
In its sorrows and its joy ;
Call your boy home by its brightness ,
'They'll avoid a gloomy den ,
And seek for comfort elsewhere-
And remember , boys make men.
With All Ili' Worldly Goods.
I shall never forget , said an old
clergyman recently , the first marriage
ceremony I ever performed. I was
newly ordained and newly married , and
was on my wedding journey in the
southern states. We had stopped to
visit some relatives of my wife , when
one of the servants , learning that I was
a clergyman , thought it a good opportunity -
tunity for wedding the man of her
choice. The service was to be performed -
formed at the residence of the groom , a
tiny cabin not far away from the house ,
and my young wife , with a bevy of girl
friends , went along ostensibly to act
as witnesses , but really to see the fun.
Matters went on smoothly enough until -
til the bridegroom struck the sentence ,
"And with my worldly goods I thee
endow , " when it occurred to him that
it would probably be more businesslike -
like to enumerate the items. . Starting
in with "Dis yer cabin en do ba'an ; he
went through with a list of all his possessions -
sessions , refreshing his memory from
time to time with ranid glances around
the rooom to make sure that nothing
had been omitted. He finally wound
up breathless on the "three pieces e :
hawg meat and de mewl , " leaving me
with my place in the prayer-book lost
and my mental faculties in a state cf
chaos. The girls had long before fled
from the cabin , prudently' distrusting
their powers of self-control , so I finished -
ished up as best I could and followed
them. I have never married a couple
since without a slight nervousness as
the man neared that place in the ser-
vice. Suppose some millionaire should
take it into his head to emulate my colored -
ored friend and enumerate his worldly
goods in the middle of the ceremony !
Clo klesc Countries.
Liberia , in Africa , has neither clock
nor timepiece of any sort ; the reckoning
of time is made entirely by the movement -
ment and position of the sunwhich rises
at 6 a. m. and sets at 6 p. 1n. almost to
the minute the year round , and at noon
it is vertically overhead. The islanders -
ers of the South Pacific have no clocks.
but make a curious time-marker of
their own. They take the kernels from
the nuts of the candle-tree and wash
and string them onto the rib. of a palm i
leaf. The first or top kernel is then
lighted. All of the kernels are of the
same size and substance , and each will
burn a certain number of minutes , and
then set fire to the one next below.
The natives tie pieces of black cloth at k
regular intervals along the string to
mark the divisions of time. Among the
natives of Singer , in the Malay archipelago -
pelage , another peculiar device is used. r
Two bottles are placed neck and neck , o
and sand is put in one of them , which
pours itself into the other one every
half hour , when the bottles are re-
versed. There is a line rear by , also ,
on which are hung twelve rods , marked
with notches from one to twelve. A
regularly appointed keeper attends to
the bottles and rods , and sounds the
flour upon a gong.-Tit-bits.
The Art of Forgetting.
A lady , whose life in a certain well-
thovr educational institution has not I
been without its trials and vexations ,
was talking about her experience to
her friends at home.
"Are all the people at the institute so
ovely ? " asked a listener.
Rrith a bright smile she answered : B
'Somehow I remember the pleasant
things and forget the others.
No doubt this was , in part , an acquired -
quired grace. Is it not well worth cultivating -
tivating , if only for our own peace of
mind ?
A child begged for the story of Dan-
el one night at bedtime.
"I am afraid , " said the mather , "you
Trill dream about lions.
"Oh , no , " returned the little one , 'I
viii dream about Daniel and leave out I
ha Jions.
.
+ un vrvsa
y , a
r
t
r
. . E
1
- = f = = - - - - - - -
=
= = - - ; - ill
, -
cheerful and serene . ,
How much more
'
our lives might be if we , too , could '
leave out the llbns. It is true that 'in
much of our lifethe sweet and the sad' .
are so interwoven that We cannot sop - 1
agate them without destroying the : '
1
' would not forget the . , .
whole fabric. 'e
grief which opened to US the heart of - ,
' which ' was s
a friend , nor the parting
not all pain , nor the dying glory which -
ex-
. Over such
Ile saw through tears. "
perlences we pray , "Lord , heeep' my
" cutting remark -
memory green. but the
mark , the cold neglect , the unkind act , .
Lord help us to forget.
It is not worth while to cherish the
memory of our mistakes and failures. - '
Let them servo their pure ese of pre-
vention and be forgotten. They should . . ' a
be stepping-stones , by means of which
bewe may attain a higher level , and not
a wall to impede our progress.
"Oh , Emeline , let us forget the past- _
and begin anew. " This exhortation
was found on a fragment of a letter
written by some unknown person , and , ,
was often repeated to me half jocosely- I 1
by the finder. It might be well for us ' , 1
to take the words as a motto.
"Forget the past and begin anew , " I
not the kindness and friendship and ' ;
joy of the past , but its bitterness , its
vexations , its mistakes.-Selected. i
J , (
Roaches In Brazil.
'l
The pantry and the kitchen of the. - { .
hotel in which Agnes is spending the , i
summer are overrun with roaches. She 1
has an aversion to all sorts of bugs. 1
She was telling another guest , a lady ' I
from Rio de Janeiro , about the swarms
of beetles that infested the food 1 ,
department of the house , when"the latter -
ter said :
"Oh , my dear , don't talk to me of in- t
sects. In this lovely country you have 1
very few. In Brazil , where I come I 1
from , and other parts of South America - . ;
ica , they are numerous. They are of !
all sorts , and the name of every sort _
is legion. A friend of mine who lives I
at Cohumba , on the Upper Paraguay ,
tells me that the cockroaches there are I'
i
so many and so bold that It is next to + ,
impossible to get rid of them. They '
1
are everywhere , and they are at work
at all hours of the twenty-four. At
night they swarm over the beds and
bite any part of the person that Is ex-
posed. They attach children especial- f
ly , because these are tender and sleep
so soundly that they are not awakened
by the marauders. They eat even the
eyelashes of the young , anti , as they ,
bite irregularly , you may see a girl or - ,
a boy with one eye-lash long , black , j
and beautiful , and with the other bitten l
partly off ; this hair cut to the root , an- t r 1
other one taken oil' ' midway , and so on. " 1 P I
"Isn't that dreadful ! " exclaimed 5 I ,
Agnes. i .
"So be thankful , my dear , that your
croton bugs stay in the kitchen and. 1
do not molest us in the parlor or the ' } ? )
j
bed room.
I
To have Beautiful hair. f
t
Sara II. Henton gives a bit of tea- ' - . .
timony on the care of the hair , which a
1
should be heeded by the opposite sex as [ !
well :
The most beautifully kept hair I ever 3 ;
saw was that of two young school girls. + !
They had their hair washed every ,
week during the summer time , and ,
every other week during the winter a
time. They used nothing but tepid
water with pure soap , then rinse in '
warm water , rubbing briskly , then i
dried quickly. They never took cold ;
J
in fact , they said they never had been 4 , 1.
quite free from colds until they began 1.
to be systematic in regard to washing - : ,
their heads- that their scalps used to l' - ,
i
be so tender they would get sore if they
combed or brushed them too hard. They 1 '
kept the skin of their heads as white
and clean as could be , and their hair t' l
g yew thick a nd long. Never use ammonia - ' I
monia or borax. A little salt is good
to strengthen the roots , but plenty of -
brushing , without using a fine tooth - "
comb , and following the method described -
scribed , is sufficient to make your hair . ' ,
healthy and lovely. I have tried it.
Excellent Advice.
A young man just starting upon his . f
work in the ministry was one day . :
talking to an aged minister in London , ' . . ' 'i ,
who had spent a lifetime in the ser- ,
vice. The young man said :
"You have had a great deal of exper- , '
ence ; you know many things that I '
ought to learn. Can't you give me some
advice' to carry with me in my new l
duties ? "
l
"Yes , I can , was the response. "I
will giro you a piece of advice. You '
now that in every town in England , 1
no matter how small , in every village I
or hamlet , though it be hidden in the 1
folds of the mountain or wrapped + 1
ound by the far-off sea , in every clump 1'
f farmhouses , you ' ,
can find a road l
which , if you follow it , will take you o IT ' ,
London. Just so every text which you -
shall choose to preach from in the
Bible will have a road that leads to ,
Jesus. Be sure you find that road and
follow it ; be careful not to miss it
once. This is my advice to you : ' '
Evening Prayer.
Take unto Thyself , 0 Father ! .
This folded day of Thins , . . ,
This weary day of mine ;
is ragged corners cut me yet , - , ; . '
Oh , still the jar and fret ! y ; i
Father , do not forget ° ,
' re '
That I am tired . ' 1
With this t ' I 1
day of Thine . - :
' 1 )
reathe Thy pure breath , watehin.
Father , -
On this marred day of Thine , t
This wandering day of mine ; 5
Be patient with its blur and blot , -
Wash it white of stain and spot ,
t
Reproachful ! '
eyes remember n of . )
That I have grieved Thee 1
On this day of Thine. h
-Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. { - ,
Good name , in
man and
woman
, dear
,
lord
my , 1
a th e immediate
jewel of
their
souls , , ' * -
-Shakespeare ,
. . r
,
I
1 .
1.
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